Major project Stage-II

on

SATELLITE IMAGE CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT

USING DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM AND
SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION
BY
Batch No : 16

CH. Sreeja 19SS5A0403

Under the guidance of A. Avinash 18SS1A0402
Dr.Y. Raghavender Rao Y. Anudeep Reddy 18SS1A0454
Professor & Head P. Sreeja 18SS1A0444
Mr. Devisingh T. Varshith Reddy 18SS1A0448
Asst. prof
LIST OF CONTENTS :
• MOTIVATION
• AIM
• INTRODUCTION
• EXISTING SYSTEM
• PROPOSED SYSTEM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• DESIGN
• IMPLEMENTATION
• RESULT
• ADVANTAGES
• LIMITATIONS
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
MOTIVATION :

• The motivation behind this project is that resolution and contrast are
two important attributes of an image.General or conventiontal
methods used to improve the contrast of image reduce the quality of
information present in the image.Hence we use DWT and SVD to
preseve the image.
AIM :

The main aim of the project is to improve the quality of

Satellite images by making the optimal use of colors.
OBJECTIVES
• The main objective of our project is to improve the quality of Satellite
images by making the optimal use of colors.
• To design the algorithms to implement Discrete Wavelet Transform
(DWT) and SVD.
• To compare the result with other techniques like General Histogram
Equalization (GHE).
INTRODUCTION :
• SATELLITE images are used in many applications such as geosciences studies, astronomy, and geographical
information systems.

• One of the most important quality factors in satellite images comes from its contrast. Contrast enhancement
is frequently referred to as one of the most important issues in image processing.

• Contrast is created by the difference in luminance reflected from two adjacent surfaces.

• Our visual system is more sensitive to contrast than absolute luminance; therefore, we can perceive the world
similarly regardless of the considerable changes in illumination conditions.

• If the contrast of an image is highly concentrated on a specific range, the information may be lost in those
areas which are excessively and uniformly concentrated.

• There have been several techniques to overcome this issue such as general histogram equalization (GHE) and
local histogram equalization (LHE).
EXISTING SYSTEM:
• If an image is overall very dark or a very bright, the information may be lost in those areas
which are excessively and uniformly dark or bright.

• The problem is how the contrast of an image can be optimized to represent all the
information in the input image.

• Techniques such as General Histogram equalization(GHE), Local Histogram

equalization(LHE), singular value equalization(SVE).

Disadvantages:

• The disadvantages of these systems are, the information laid in the histogram or
probability distribution function of the image will be lost.

• The contrast of the image will be less. The performance of the image will be less .
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
• A new satellite image contrast enhancement technique based on the DWT and SVD has been proposed.

• The edges are concentrated in the sub bands i.e., LH, HL, HH. The illumination information is embedded in
the LL sub band.

• After reconstructing the final image by using IDWT, the resultant image will not only be enhanced with
respect to illumination but also will be sharper and good contrast.

Advantages :

• The proposed technique converts the image into the SVD domain and after normalizing the singular value
matrix it reconstructs the image in the spatial domain by using the updated singular value matrix.

• The proposed method preserves the general shape of the histogram and will reduce significantly the loss of
information contained in the histogram when compared to existing methods.
Block Diagram : .
Image sensing device:
• Image sensor is used to obtain the digital image.
• It contains of a sensing device which converts the incident light energy into its proportional
electrical signal
• It also has a digitizer to convert analog electrical signals into digital electrical signals.
Discrete wavelet transform :
• DWT is based on sub-band coding is found to yield a fast computation of wavelet transform.
• It is easy to implement and reduce the computation time and resources required
 SVD :
• Singular value decomposition (SVD) can be calculated mainly by the three mutually compatible
points of view.
• On the one hand, we can view it as a method for transforming correlated variables into a set of
uncorrelated ones that better expose the various relationships among the original data items.
• At the same time, SVD is a method for identifying and ordering the dimensions along which data
points exhibit the most variation.
• This ties in to the third way of viewing SVD, which is that once we have identified where the most
variation is present, then it is possible to find the best approximation of the original data points using
fewer dimensions.
• Hence, SVD can be seen as a method for data reduction and mostly for feature extraction as well as
for the enhancement of the low contrast images.
Inverse discrete transform:
DESIGN :
IMPLEMENTATION :
• SVD of an image which can be interpreted as matrix, is written as follows:
A=UAΣ(VA)^T
Where UA and VA are the orthogonal square matrices known as hanger and
aligner, respectively, and the ΣA matrix contains the sorted singular value son its
main diagonal.
• The idea of using SVD for image equalization comes from the fact that ΣA contains
the intensity information of a given image.
RESULT

EQUALISED IMAGE USING GHE

ORIGINAL LOW
CONTRAST IMAGE

OUTPUT IMAGE USING PROPSED SYSTEM

 ADVANTAGES :
• Image enhancement sharpens image features such as edges, boundaries, or contrast to make a
graphic display more helpful for display and analysis.

• SVD does not lead to the ringing artifacts.

• The ringing artifacts appear as the spurious signals near sharp transitions in a signal. In image,
bands or "ghosts" appear near edges of objects.

• This method is useful in images with backgrounds and foregrounds that are both bright or both
dark.

• Contrast enhancement useful for dynamically monitoring the quality of the enhanced image.
DISADVANTAGES
• It is a difficult task to work with color images through histogram
equalisation.
• Contrast enhancement and histogram equalisation will imbalance
the color of the output.
• Histogram equalisation based methods lead to degraded edges.
APPLICATIONS :
• Digital camera
• GPS
• Satellite image
• Military areas
• Submarine
• Biometric verification
CONCLUSION :
• A new satellite image contrast enhancement technique based on DWT and SVD was proposed.

• The proposed technique decomposed the input image into the DWT subbands, and, after updating
the singular value matrix of the LL sub band, it reconstructed the image by using IDWT.

• The technique was compared with the General Histogram Equalization (GHE), Local Histogram
Equalization (LHE)

• The visual results on the final image quality show the superiority of the proposed method over the
conventional techniques.
REFERENCES
• W. G. Shaded, D. I. Abu-Al-Nadi, and M. J. Mismar, “Road traffic sign detection in color images,” in
Proc. 10th IEEE Int. Conf. Electron., Circuits Syst., Dec. 2003.
• H. Ibrahim and N. S. P. Kong, “Brightness preserving dynamic histogram equalization for image
contrast enhancement,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron.
• H. Demirel, G. Anbarjafari, and M. N. S. Jahromi, “Image equalization based on singular value
decomposition,” in Proc. 23rd IEEE Int. Symp. Comput. Inf. Sci., Istanbul, Turkey, Oct. 2008.
THANK YOU