Test Bank For Imagining Society An Introduction To Sociology 1st Edition Corrigall Brown

Test Bank for Imagining Society An Introduction to Sociology 1st Edition Corrigall-Brown
Test Bank for Imagining Society An Introduction to

Sociology 1st Edition Corrigall-Brown
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Instructor Resource
Corrigall-Brown, Imagining Society, 1e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
Chapter 7: Language, Media, and Culture

Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Why did Durkheim say that sociologists are interested in language?

a. Language may indicate how thought processes work.
b. The words in a language reveal what society thinks is unimportant.
c. Some languages have multiple levels of status to address.
d. In order to connect sociology to anthropology.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 7.1: Understand the role of language and its connection to culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Language
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. What prompted the work that led to the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis?

a. Durkheim assigned researchers a study of language and thought.
b. They were searching for a way to reduce misunderstandings.
c. Sapir was trying to explain why some languages are so dissimilar.
d. Translators found that concepts are not exchangeable between languages.
Ans: C
Answer Location: The Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Some languages have many ways to show respect to people, also known as ______.
a. heuristics
b. honorifics
c. statuses
d. hierarchies
Ans: B
4. The Korean language has seven levels of respect that shape interactions. What can
you infer about how Koreans may think from this?
a. Their society is very individualistic.
b. They value obedience and informality over freedom.
Instructor Resource
c. Korean society features limited social stratification.
d. Koreans may place a high value on respect and status.
Ans: D
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Jin is bringing his girlfriend Becky home to meet his very traditional Korean parents
for the first time. Becky is NOT Korean, so what could cause problems if she is not
careful?
a. Greeting Jin’s parents too informally could be offensive.
b. She must avoid any public display of affection with Jin.
c. Becky should assume she is a welcome part of the family.
d. Showing too much emotion and smiling too much could be awkward.
Ans: A
Cognitive Domain: Application
6. According to the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, what may result if society uses more
gender neutral words, like congressperson?
a. People will be angry about this political correctness movement.
b. Traditionally male jobs will be taken over by women.
c. Society may become more egalitarian as language affects thought.
d. The economy will grow because women will be paid more.
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
7. Hoewe's research involving refugees was interested in examining ______.

a. why refugees leave their country voluntarily
b. how media coverage influences thought
c. how language affects immigrant patterns in war-torn countries
d. how refugees described themselves before and after fleeing
Ans: B
Answer Location: Methods in Depth: News Coverage of Refugees
8. Which research method is most appropriate for reviewing documents to look for
patterns?
Instructor Resource
a. Interviews
b. Surveys
c. Experiments
d. Content analysis
Ans: D
9. Hoewe found in her research that U.S.-based newspapers are more likely to confuse
the terms immigrant and refugee. Why is that a problem?
a. The term immigrant is often paired with the word terrorist, making these people seem
sinister.
b. Most immigrants come to the United States in order to change its culture to be like
their own.
c. It is only a problem for people obssessed with politically-correct language usage.
d. The term refugee engenders less sympathy than immigrant, because the latter move
purposely.
Ans: A
10. How did computer assisted coding help Hoewe in her research?
a. Computers do not catch nuance, so they are of limited utility.
b. It allowed for a higher volume of articles to be quantified.
c. Hoewe could run experiments while the computers crunched the words.
d. She was able to collect a great deal more qualitative data.
Ans: B
11. Which four newspapers did Hoewe compare in her research?

a. The Detroit Free Press, The Baltimore Sun, The Daily Telegraph, and Chicago
Tribune
b. Washington Post, Washington Examiner, The Toledo Blade, and Hartfod Currant
c. The New York Times, Washington Post, Al Jazeera, and The Daily Telegraph
d. USA Today, Wall Street Journal, St. Louis Dispatch, and New Orleans Picayune
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
12. How did Hoewe choose the newspapers for her research on word usage?
a. Hoewe tried to balance conservative and liberal viewpoints in the newspapers she
chose.
b. U.S. based newspapers had to be represented because Hoewe was using
government grant money.
c. Newspapers that were known for confusing the words immigrant and refugee were
chosen.
d. She needed newspapers with international news coverage based inside and outside
the United States.
Ans: D
Answer Location: Methods in Depth: News Coverage of Refugees and Content Analysis
13. The technology and processes that make it possible to communicate from a sender
to a receiver are known as ______.
a. media
b. sources
c. television
d. content
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 7.2: Explain how the media is an institution in society and its role in
socialization.
Answer Location: Media and Culture
14. How many hours a week does an average American adult spend watching television
and consuming online media?
a. 28
b. 36
c. 64
d. 109
Ans: C
socialization.
Answer Location: Media and Culture
15. What did Marshall McLuhan mean by the statement, "the medium is the message"?
a. He meant that the form the message takes, as well as the content of the message,
can change people and societies.
Instructor Resource
b. McLuhan meant that the form of the message is more important than the content of
the message.
c. Messages should always be given in the most engaging form to ensure that people
will pay attention.
d. People can only fully appreciate messages that are given in a combination of media
forms, like an audio-visual message
Ans: A
socialization.
Answer Location: The Medium is the Message
16. Why did Gutenberg’s printing press catch on more than the one invented in China
approximately 400 years before?
a. More Europeans knew how to read than Chinese people.
b. Chinese is a harder language to render in print.
c. Gutenberg’s version was easier to use and more efficient.
d. There was less demand in China for machine copied books.
Ans: C
socialization.
17. What major change did the printing press inspire?

a. People became more reliant on others for information.
b. Rich elites lost control of infomation because books became more accessible.
c. Most people left the Catholic church after reading their own Bibles.
d. Martin Luther controlled the Catholic Church after mass producing his 95 Theses.
Ans: B
socialization.
18. How did the printing press lead to an increase in individualism?

a. Banks began printing personal checks for customers to purchase goods.
b. Printed instructions could now be included when someone bought goods, leading to
increased trade.
c. Books became less expensive, so people could buy their own and not rely on elites
for information.
d. Books could now be copyrighted and new authors could make a comfortable living.
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
socialization.
19. How did the printing press allow for change in the religous status quo in Europe?
a. The critique of the Catholic Church, The 95 Theses, was reprinted numerous times,
leading to Protestantism.
b. The Catholic Church increased its power by distributing copies of the trial of Martin
Luther.
c. More Europeans learned Arabic in order to understand and embrace Islam.
d. Many converted to Judiasm after experiencing the beauty of the Torah in printed
form.
Ans: A
socialization.
20. How did the printing press expand the topics people could study and produce?
a. The Catholic Church began sponsoring books on various topics.
b. It became fashionable for monarchs to write and publish autobiographies.
c. Printing is cheaper, so more writers could be published on different topics.
d. Gutenberg had eclectic tastes and printed new authors’ books for free.
Ans: C
socialization.
21. What is one advantage of getting information from the Internet?

a. Online information is carefully checked for accuracy.
b. A huge amount of information is freely available online.
c. Illegally copied books can be shared online for free.
d. Internet access is inexpensive enough for everyone.
Ans: B
socialization.
22. How did the printing press change the lives of common people ?
Instructor Resource
a. Books became more expensive due to imported exotic materials used.
b. Religious leaders were able to control information more effectively.
c. People started having to carry identification papers when they traveled.
d. More people became literate and better able to change their circumstances.
Ans: D
socialization.
23. Why were books made before the printing press unavailable to most people?
a. Monks spend months writing and illustrating books by hand, making them too
expensive for most people.
b. The Catholic Church marked up the price of books in order to increase profits from
their sales.
c. Distribution was inefficient due to a lack of passable roads and dangerous sea
shipping routes.
d. Most people could not afford to travel to cities where books were made and offered
for sale.
Ans: A
socialization.
24. When a few companies control most of the media, the situation is known as ______.
a. capitalism
b. the invisible hand of the market
c. corporate concentration
d. conglomeration
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7.3: Examine the role of corporate concentration in shaping the
demographic and idea diversity of the media we consume.
Answer Location: Corporate Concentration and the Media
25. What is the trend in media corporate concentration in the United States?
a. Fewer corporations now own more of the media.
b. The government is taking control of more media outlets.
c. Local people are buying their local television stations.
d. People are boycotting corporate owned media outlets.
Ans: A
Instructor Resource
26. What term represents the willingness of media to air programs concerning the
issues of minorities, different sexual orientations, and different social classes?
a. Idea diversity
b. Demographic diversity
c. Representation
d. Minority representation
Ans: B
Answer Location: Consequences of Media Ownership
27. What is one consequence of the corporate concentration of media?

a. Loss of privacy
b. More program choices
c. Reduced idea diversity
d. More demographic diversity
Ans: C
28. What did Chomsky and Herman warn would be a consequence of concentrated
media ownership?
a. Elites will control a major source of socialization and legitimize norms that benefit
them.
b. Nepotism will put unqualified people in places of power within media conglomerates.
c. New ideas will be given equal time to ideas that support and maintain the status quo.
d. Corporate competition will lead to a clash of ideas and possibly a more polarized
electorate.
Ans: A
29. What percentage of speaking roles in the top 100 movies of 2015 were filled by
Instructor Resource
LGBTQ characters?
a. Less than 1%
b. 4%
c. 6%
d. 11%
Ans: A
30. What effect did Martins and Harrison document regarding effects of the lack of
diversity in media on children?
a. Most children grow up with a strong urge to change the status quo and help others.
b. The self-esteem of all young people decreased, since their issues are not addressed.
c. White males suffered decreased self-esteem, but minorities showed increases.
d. Self-esteem for minorities decreased, and increased for white males.
Ans: D
31. How can diversity in casting for television shows benefit corporations?
a. Programs with diverse casts have lower production costs.
b. Shows with diverse casts get higher ratings.
c. If the cast is comprised of only minorities, the ratings soar.
d. A diverse cast makes people assume the corporation is diverse, too.
Ans: B
32. Sheena is an African-American child. According to Martins and Harrison's research,

if she regularly views television and movie characters that look like her, what is the most
likely effect on her self-esteem?
a. It will not change, due to other factors in society.
b. She will know the gesture is empty and her self-esteem will decline.
c. Her self-esteem will increase because mass media socializes attitudes.
d. There will be a temporary boost to her self-esteem, but no change long term.
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
33. In Martins and Harrison's research on telvision characterizations, they found that
______ are usually depicted as strong and rational, and ______as unruly or menacing.
a. white women; white men
b. white men; black men
c. black women; black men
d. women; men
Ans: B
34. What research method did Hunt use in his UCLA study to reveal that television
shows with lower levels of diversity garner lower ratings?
a. Survey
b. Interview
c. Content analysis
d. Experiment
Ans: C
35. In 2016, 93% of members in the Oscars Academy were white. Why has it been so
difficult to increase diversity in the membership of this group?
a. New members must be sponsored, and most people only have friends that look like
them.
b. It has only been recently that more minorities have become directors and been cast
in leading roles.
c. Minority screenwriters, actors, and directors have long boycotted the Oscars, so few
want to be involved.
d. Few minorities are earn enough money to be in the upper class, which is a
requirement of Academy membership.
Ans: A
Instructor Resource
36. How did the effort to diversify membership in the Motion Picture Academy affect
subsequent awards shows?
a. Backlash against the movement limited any advancements.
b. More minority actors and directors were nominated for Oscars.
c. Minority actors were offered more leading roles in films.
d. Screenwriters changed they way they portray minority characters.
Ans: B
37. Developed in the last few decades, what incorporates interactive, digital, and on
demand features?
a. Compact discs
b. Print media
c. New media
d. Digital photography
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7.4: Explain the concepts of new media and social media and
illustrate how the rise of these new forms of media alter social interactions and society.
Answer Location: New Media and Social Media
38. What subset of new media allows the creation and sharing of information in online
communities?
a. Cable television
b. Social media
c. Broadband
d. On demand book printing
Ans: B
39. What type of social media is Twitter?

a. Social networks
b. Blog or microblog
c. Collaborative project
d. Virtual game world
Instructor Resource
Ans: B
40. Which type of social media is classified as a collaborative project?

a. Wikipedia
b. YouTube
c. Second Life
d. Twitter
Ans: A
41. How has the Internet changed social norms in South Korea?
a. Divorce is now outlawed, but men are allowed to have affairs.
b. Women have gained more rights, and the divorce rate increased.
c. The double standard of behavior for men and women is stronger.
d. More people are getting off the grid to protect their privacy.
Ans: B
42. How can the concept of digital democracy influence changes in non-virtual spaces?
a. Easy access to information leads to endless online arguments that alienate friends.
b. Social media allows people to convince strangers to change their minds on issues.
c. Americans can voice discontent with their government and organize large protests.
d. Some governments censor the Internet to suppress dissenting viewpoints.
Ans: C
43. Despite the wide variety of information and viewpoints available to those who use
the Internet, how are our online habits similar to our offline habits?
a. We tend to find community with like-minded people and reinforce existing opinions..
Instructor Resource
b. People seek out opposing views and have conversations to clarify differences.
c. People are more polite and compassionate when online anonymously.
d. Most people only look for information that challenges their existing biases.
Ans: A
Answer Location: The Challenges of Social Media
44. Some people dismissed the ALS viral ice bucket challenge as a fad, but it did have
what positive effect?
a. The money it raised led to a cure for Lou Gehrig’s disease, or ALS.
b. It raised $100 million and funded the MinE project that could help.
c. More people were made aware of ALS, but little money was raised.
d. Money raised was given to sufferers to ease their pain.
Ans: B
45. Repeatedly and purposely harming someone by using a computer or other

electronic devices is known as ______.
a. phishing
b. online piracy
c. discrimination
d. cyberbullying
Ans: D
46. Which group is least likely to have access to the Internet?

a. Young people
b. Seniors
c. Upper classes
d. Urban dwellers
Ans: B
Answer Location: The Digital Divide
Instructor Resource
47. How can Internet access be helpful in countries without democratic governments?
a. Schools can download books instead of buying paper copies.
b. People can organize protests and find information that could be censored.
c. Elections can be run completely online with no verifying ballots needed.
d. The population can be distracted from their plight with social media.
Ans: B
48. What does research indicate about how viewing violent media might influence
children?
a. Studies have been inconclusive on the effect of violent media.
b. Children become better able to confront those threatening them.
c. They could become desensitized to the pain of others.
d. Violence in media reduces the likelihood of kids being violent.
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 7.5: Critically assess the effects of media on society and how we
can address some of the unintended consequences of unequal access to the media.
Answer Location: Violence in Modern Media
49. What strategy empowers people to analyze and interpret messages they get from
the media and think more critically?
a. Media literacy
b. Philosophy
c. Essentialism
d. Desensitization
Ans: A
Answer Location: Media Literacy
50. What is the first stage in training to consume media intelligently?

a. Learning skills needed to evaluate media messages.
b. Questioning why messages are sent and to whom.
c. Becoming aware of all the media one consumes.
d. Avoiding media, a sort of diet to cleanse the mind.
Ans: C
Instructor Resource
51. Renee is in the second stage of media literacy training in which she learns specific
skills of critical viewing. These include ______.
a. learning to notice why media features certain types of people more
b. asking why so many messages are relevant only to the wealthy
c. finding out what media she is consuming now and why
d. knowing when to create her own media messages to counter others
Ans: A
52. The third stage of media literacy features ______.

a. constructing and sharing messages for our own purposes
b. analyzing messages and what might have been left out
c. paying attention to the media we consume and diversifying it
d. learning the purposes of messages and who benefits from them
Ans: D
53. What type of message would media literacy most likely help people resist?
a. Heartwarming romantic comedies
b. Political messages meant to mislead
c. Modeling of healthy habits like exercise
d. Viewing average-sized people in clothing advertisements
Ans: B
54. Why is National Public Radio (NPR) considered an alternate media outlet?
a. It maintains a balance between different ideologies in content.
b. The money to run it comes from public and government sources.
Instructor Resource
c. It mostly attracts people between the ages of 18-34.
d. Messages provided by NPR supports official government views.
Ans: B
Answer Location: Alternative Media
55. How is alternative media different from traditional media?

a. Alternative media is controlled by corporations.
b. Alternative media supports the mainstream view.
c. Alternative media is one-way from producer to consumer.
d. Alternative media allows comments that help shape it.
Ans: D
56. One major characteristic of alternative media is ______.

a. messages are often subversive
b. corporations control the message
c. the information is presented traditionally
d. the news is unidirectional
Ans: A
57. Lakshmi switched from working for traditional to alternative media to avoid ______.
a. dealing with controlling her message herself, as corporations do it better
b. having her message used only for profit, rather than change
c. letting consumers dilute her message too much with comments
d. using new, creative ways to distribute or package her message
Ans: B
58. Frank designs a website to present stories with video and music to increase their
Instructor Resource
appeal to his nontraditional audience. He most likely works for ______.
a. network news
b. a newspaper chain
c. bloggers
d. a monthly print magazine
Ans: C
59. Jon makes a weekly podcast to discuss current events and controversial issues,
making his message an example of ______ media.
a. alternative
b. traditional
c. corporate
d. broadcast
Ans: A
60. How could alternative media resist the trend toward more media concentration?
a. Pirate radio stations could run stories to reduce the worry over media concentration.
b. Bloggers could collaborate with corporate media to make a profit.
c. Community-run newspapers could expose information that indicates corporate abuse.
d. Public television could help people get jobs in corporate media conglomerates.
Ans: C
True/False
1. Sociology is concerned with human interaction and behavior, but NOT language.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Language
Instructor Resource
2. The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis indicates that each of the 7,000 human languages
presents a different way of thinking.
Ans: T
3. The English language has seven levels of respect used to mark conversational
formality.
Ans: F
4. The printing press led to increased individualism and democracy.

Ans: T
socialization.
5. Catholicism was weakened by the invention of the printing press.

Ans: T
socialization.
6. Mass media is important because of the sheer amount consumed by people every
day.
Ans: T
socialization.
7. Only six corporations own 90% of the media in the United States.
Ans: T
Instructor Resource
8. Idea diversity refers to the number of viewpoints expressed in the media marketplace.
Ans: T
9. A study of the top 100 films of 2015 showed that only about 30% of the speaking
roles were female.
Ans: T
10. South Korea is considered the first digital democracy.

Ans: T
11. Tinder and Grindr are NOT considered legitimate social media.
Ans: F
12. Social media is changing norms and expectations about how people interact.
Ans: T
13. One third of American teenagers using the Internet are victims of cyberbullying or
Instructor Resource
cyberstalking.
Ans: T
14. Alternative media is based on the profit motive.

Ans: F
15. Blogs are a type of alternative media.

Ans: T
Essay
1. In the German language, all people and inanimate objects have a gender: male,
female, or neuter. Evaluate this using the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis. What can you infer
about a language that uses gender in this way? Can a society with a language using
gender in this way be truly egalitarian? Why or why not?
Ans: The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis claims that language impacts thought. I can infer from
the use of gender in German that their social hierachy was or is based on making plain
the differences between men and women. A society that uses language like this can
become egalitarian as they transition to more moden concepts of social structure, and
still keep the old terminology. However, they should start using more inclusive language
to get people used to the change. Answers will vary.
2. Compare and contrast the invention of the printing press to the invention of the
Internet in regards to effects on society and distribution of power. Have there been any
downsides to these inventions?
Ans: The printing press and the Internet both caused communications revolutions. The
Instructor Resource
printing press made books cheaper so more people could access them. It seems that
people enjoyed this access because literacy rates also increased so people could use
their new books effectively. The Internet has almost exponentially increased the speed
at which we communicate, and also provides access to information to more people,
since reading online can be even cheaper than buying a book. The downside to the
printing press was mostly in weakening the Catholic Church, and leading to
secularization. The weakenss of the Internet is that nothing online is consistently
checked for accuracy – the standards of journalism have been abandoned. Answers will
vary.
socialization.
3. Trace and evaluate the trend toward corporate concentration of media. What
problems could arise from this trend? Use details and examples to support your answer.
Ans: The trend is for fewer corporations to own more media outlets around the country.
Problems include giving corporations too much control of what information people have
access to, and allowing them to censor any stories they do not like. For example, if NBC
owned all the local TV channels, they could block ABC news. Answers will vary.
4. Describe six types of social media and include examples. How has social media
changed our norms and expectations in regard to interpersonal interactions?
Ans: According to Kaplan and Haenlein (2010), social media technologies can be
classified into six types: collaborative projects (Wikipedia), blogs and microblogs
(Twitter), content communities (YouTube), social networking sites (Facebook), virtual
game worlds (Clash of Clans), and virtual social worlds (Minecraft or Second Life).
Social media has made us have a harder time with in person interaction, and made us
impatient for responses, like when we text someone and they do not get back to us right
away. Answers will vary.
5. Explain at least three effects of the digital divide and suggest plausible ways to
remedy them. Be sure to include effects inside and outside of the United States.
Ans: The digital divide is when some people have access and others don’t. Young,
urban, rich people are the most likely to be online and to be able to afford it. Older
Test Bank for Imagining Society An Introduction to Sociology 1st Edition Corrigall-Brown
Instructor Resource
people (seniors) have a hard time learning how to go online, and may have trouble
affording it as well. Some developing countries only have a few cell phone towers and
unreliable power grids, so they cannot get online any time they want, and their
connections could easily be dropped. They also have unequal access to information, as
well as skills needed for employment and commerce. Especially in countries with non-
democratic political regimes, the Internet can provide access to information that the
government might censor. Answers will vary
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Chapter 7: Language, Media, and Culture

1. Why did Durkheim say that sociologists are interested in language?

2. What prompted the work that led to the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis?

7. Hoewe's research involving refugees was interested in examining ______.

11. Which four newspapers did Hoewe compare in her research?

17. What major change did the printing press inspire?

18. How did the printing press lead to an increase in individualism?

21. What is one advantage of getting information from the Internet?

27. What is one consequence of the corporate concentration of media?

32. Sheena is an African-American child. According to Martins and Harrison's research,

39. What type of social media is Twitter?

40. Which type of social media is classified as a collaborative project?

45. Repeatedly and purposely harming someone by using a computer or other

46. Which group is least likely to have access to the Internet?

50. What is the first stage in training to consume media intelligently?

52. The third stage of media literacy features ______.

55. How is alternative media different from traditional media?

56. One major characteristic of alternative media is ______.

4. The printing press led to increased individualism and democracy.

5. Catholicism was weakened by the invention of the printing press.

10. South Korea is considered the first digital democracy.

14. Alternative media is based on the profit motive.

15. Blogs are a type of alternative media.

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