Test Bank for Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy 4th Edition

Test Bank for Illustrated Dental Embryology,

Histology, and Anatomy 4th Edition

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Chapter 07: Cells

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following functions are performed by the Golgi complex within the cell?
a. Metabolizes foreign compounds
b. Produces ribosomes
c. Packages protein compounds
d. Produces energy for the cell
ANS: C
The Golgi complex is involved in the functions of segregation, packaging, and transport of
protein compounds within the cell.

REF: Chapter 7, Golgi Complex, Page 80

2. During the cell cycle, interphase involves the cells engaging in:
a. organelle replacement.
b. substance destruction.
c. chromatin removal.
d. centrosome reduction.
ANS: A
Cells between mitotic divisions and within interphase engage in growth, metabolism,
organelle replacement, and substance production, including chromatin and centrosome
replication.

REF: Chapter 7, Table 7-2, Page 82

3. Which type of cellular junction attaches the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface?
a. Cemental
b. Lysosomal
c. Desmosomal
d. Hemidesmosomal
ANS: D
Hemidesmosomes are involved as a mechanism allowing gingival tissue to be secured to the
tooth surface by the epithelial attachment. A hemidesmosome involves an attachment of a cell
to an adjacent noncellular surface.

REF: Chapter 7, Intercellular Junctions, Page 83

4. The smallest living unit of organization in the body is a(n):

a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
ANS: C
 The smallest living unit of organization in the body is the cell because each cell is capable of
performing any necessary functions without the aid of other cells. Each cell has a cell
membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and inclusions. Thus, every cell is a world unto itself.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Properties, Page 77

5. A collection of similarly specialized cells in the body is termed a(n):

a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
ANS: B
Cells with similar characteristics of form and function are grouped together to form a tissue.
Thus, a tissue is a collection of similarly specialized cells, most often surrounded by
extracellular materials. The smallest living unit of organization in the body is the cell because
each cell is capable of performing any necessary functions without the aid of other cells.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Properties, Page 77

6. An independent body part formed from tissue is a(n):

a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
ANS: A
Various tissue types are then bonded together to form an organ, a somewhat independent body
part that performs a specific function or functions. Cells with similar characteristics of form
and function are grouped together to form a tissue. The smallest living unit of organization in
the body is the cell because each cell is capable of performing any necessary functions
without the aid of other cells. Organs can function together as a system.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Properties, Page 77

7. Organs in the body are know to be able to functioning together as a(n):

a. organ.
b. tissue.
c. cell.
d. system.
ANS: D
Organs can function together as a system. Various tissue types are then bonded together to
form an organ, a somewhat independent body part that performs a specific function or
functions. The smallest living unit of organization in the body is the cell because each cell is
capable of performing any necessary functions without the aid of other cells. Organs can
function together as a system.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Properties, Page 77

8. The semifluid part contained within cell membrane boundary is considered to be:
a. nucleoplasm.
 b. cytoplasm.
c. tissue fluid.
d. nuclear envelope.
ANS: B
The cytoplasm includes the semifluid part contained within the cell membrane boundary, as
well as the skeletal system of support or cytoskeleton. The fluid part within the nucleus is the
nucleoplasm, which contains important molecules used in the construction of ribosomes,
nucleic acids, and other nuclear materials. The cells in each tissue type are surrounded by
extracellular materials, which include both tissue fluid and intercellular substance. The
nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope, a membrane similar to the cell membrane.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Anatomy, Page 79

9. The fluid part within the nucleus of the cell is considered to be:
a. cytoplasm.
b. nucleoplasm.
c. nuclear envelope.
d. tissue fluid.
ANS: B
The fluid part within the nucleus is the nucleoplasm, which contains important molecules used
in the construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, and other nuclear materials. The cytoplasm
includes the semifluid part contained within the cell membrane boundary, as well as the
skeletal system of support or cytoskeleton. The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope,
a membrane similar to the cell membrane. The cells in each tissue type are surrounded by
extracellular materials, which include both tissue fluid and intercellular substance.

REF: Chapter 7, Nucleus, Page 79

10. The specialized, metabolically active structures within the cell are generally considered to be:
a. nuclear pores.
b. organelles.
c. chromosomes.
d. vacuoles.
ANS: B
The organelles are metabolically active specialized structures within the cell. Nuclear pores
may pierce the nuclear envelope. In an actively dividing cell, the chromatin condenses into
microscopically visible, discrete, rodlike chromosomes. The cytoplasm contains cavities or
vacuoles.

REF: Chapter 7, Organelles, Page 79

11. The chromosomes have clear, constricted areas near each middle, specifically considered to
be:
a. chromatin.
b. chromatids.
c. centromeres.
d. cytoplasm.
ANS: C
 Each chromosome has a centromere, a clear, constricted area near the middle. The chief
nucleic acid in the nucleoplasm is deoxyribonucleic acid in the form of chromatin.
Chromosomes become two chromatids joined by a centromere during cell division. The
cytoplasm includes the semifluid part contained within the cell membrane boundary.

REF: Chapter 7, Nucleus, Page 79

12. The active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular
environment is termed:
a. endocytosis.
b. phagocytosis.
c. exocytosis.
d. interphase.
ANS: C
Exocytosis is an active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the
extracellular environment. The uptake of materials from the extracellular environment into the
cell is endocytosis. Endocytosis can also take the form of phagocytosis, which is the engulfing
and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the cell through enzymatic
breakdown of the material. Interphase involves the cells engaging in growth, metabolism,
organelle replacement, and substance production, including chromatin and centrosome
replication between mitosis.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Properties, Page 77

13. During what phase of mitosis does the chromatin condense within the cell?
a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
ANS: B
During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes in cell. During metaphase,
chromosomes move so that their centromeres are aligned in the equatorial plane. During
anaphase, centromeres split, and each chromosome separates into two chromatids. During
telophase, division into two daughter cells occurs.

REF: Chapter 7, Table 7-2, Page 82

14. During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes move so that the centromeres are aligned
in the equatorial plane?
a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
ANS: A
During metaphase, chromosomes move so that their centromeres are aligned in the equatorial
plane. During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes in a cell. During anaphase,
centromeres split, and each chromosome separates into two chromatids. During telophase,
division into two daughter cells occurs.
 REF: Chapter 7, Table 7-2, Page 82

15. When does the nuclear membrane reappear during mitosis?

a. Metaphase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
ANS: A
During metaphase, chromosomes move so that their centromeres are aligned in the equatorial
plane and then the nuclear membrane reappears. During prophase, chromatin condenses into
chromosomes in cell. During anaphase, centromeres split, and each chromosome separates
into two chromatids. During telophase, division into two daughter cells occurs.

REF: Chapter 7, Table 7-2, Page 82

16. How many phases are within interphase when it occurs between cell division?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
ANS: C
Interphase has three phases: Gap 1, or G1 (initial resting phase: cell growth and functioning),
Synthesis, or S (cell DNA synthesis by duplication), and Gap 2, or G2 (second resting phase:
resuming cell growth and functioning). The cell division that takes place during mitosis
between interphase consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Division, Page 81

17. How many phases are within mitosis or cell division?

a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
ANS: D
The cell division that takes place during mitosis consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase. Between mitosis is interphase. Interphase has three phases: Gap 1, or
G1 (initial resting phase: cell growth and functioning), Synthesis, or S (cell DNA synthesis by
duplication), and Gap 2, or G2 (second resting phase: resuming cell growth and functioning).

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Division, Page 81

18. Which of following are metabolically inert substances in the cell that are also considered
transient?
a. Inclusions
b. Vacuoles
c. Intermediate filaments
d. Lysosomes
 ANS: A
The cell contains inclusions, which are metabolically inert substances that are also considered
transient over time in the cell. The cytoplasm contains cavities or vacuoles. The intermediate
filaments are of various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within the cell that
serve as part of the cytoskeleton. The lysosomes are organelles produced by the Golgi
complex and function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell.

REF: Chapter 7, Inclusions, Page 81

19. Which of the following organelles in a cell can appear microscopically either smooth or
rough?
a. Golgi complex
b. Lysosomes
c. Cytoskeleton
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
ANS: D
The endoplasmic reticulum can be classified as either smooth or rough, which is determined
by the absence or presence of ribosomes, each giving a different microscopic appearance to
the structure, as well differing in function. Once the endoplasmic reticulum has modified the
new protein entering the cell, it is then transferred to the Golgi complex for subsequent
segregation, packaging, and transport of protein compounds. The lysosomes are organelles
produced by the Golgi complex and function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion
by the cell. Within the cell there is a three-dimensional system of support using cellular
scaffolding, the cytoskeleton.

REF: Chapter 7, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Page 80

20. Which of the following organelles are produced by the Golgi complex and function as well in
both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell?
a. Lysosomes
b. Ribosomes
c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Nucleus
ANS: A
The lysosomes are organelles produced by the Golgi complex and function in both
intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell. The ribosomes are produced in the
nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules and are assembled in the cytoplasm. Once the
endoplasmic reticulum has modified the new protein entering the cell, it is then transferred to
the Golgi complex for subsequent segregation, packaging, and transport of protein
compounds. The nucleus stores the genetic code.

REF: Chapter 7, Lysosomes, Page 80

21. Which of the following is the main hydrolytic enzyme found in lysosomes?
a. Intercellular substance
b. Hyaluronidase
c. Tissue fluid
d. Lysozyme
 ANS: B
The lysosomes are organelles produced by the Golgi complex and function in both
intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell. The main hydrolytic enzyme in lysosomes
is hyaluronidase. The cells in each tissue type are surrounded by extracellular materials, which
include both intercellular substance and tissue fluid. Lysozyme is a gastric enzyme found in
the organ of the stomach during digestion.

REF: Chapter 7, Lysosomes, Page 80

22. Where is the centrosome specifically located within the cell, as it plays a significant role in
forming the mitotic spindle apparatus during mitosis?
a. Cell membrane
b. Golgi complex
c. Nucleus
d. Mitochondria
ANS: C
The centrosome is always located near the nucleus, which is important because it plays a
significant role in forming the mitotic spindle apparatus during mitosis or cell division.

REF: Chapter 7, Centrosome, Page 81

23. Which of the following is not considered a component of the cytoskeleton within a cell?
a. Microfilaments
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Microtubules
d. Vacuoles
ANS: D
The components of the cytoskeleton include microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and
microtubules. The cytoplasm contains cavities or vacuoles.

REF: Chapter 7, Cytoskeleton, Page 81

24. What is the main difference between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope within the cell?
a. Cell membrane has nuclear pores.
b. Nuclear envelope is double-layered.
c. Nuclear envelope contains cytoplasm.
d. Cell membrane contains nucleoplasm.
ANS: B
The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear envelope, a membrane similar to the cell membrane,
except that it is double-layered. The nuclear pores may pierce the nuclear envelope. The fluid
part within the nucleus is the nucleoplasm. The cytoplasm includes the semifluid part
contained within the cell membrane boundary.

REF: Chapter 7, Nucleus, Page 79

25. Which of the following involves the engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign
material by the cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material?
a. Exocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
Test Bank for Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy 4th Edition

c. Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Intermediate filaments
ANS: B
Phagocytosis is the engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material by the
cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material. Exocytosis is an active transport of
material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment. The
endoplasmic reticulum’s primary functions are modification, storage, segregation, and finally
transport of proteins that the cell manufactures (on the ribosomes) for use in other sections of
the cell or even outside the cell. The intermediate filaments are of various types of thicker,
threadlike microscopic structures within the cell and are part of the cytoskeleton.

REF: Chapter 7, Cell Properties, Page 77

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