Solution Manual for Developmental Mathematics 3rd

Edition by Martin Gay ISBN 0321936876 9780321936875

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Chapter 2
Section 2.1 Practice Exercises 5
14. a. is a proper fraction.
8
9 ← numerator
1.
2 ← denominator
7
b. is an improper fraction.
7
10 ← numerator
2.
17 ← denominator
14
c. is an improper fraction.
13
0
3. =0
2 13
d. is a proper fraction.
8 14
4. =1
8
1
e. 5 is a mixed number.
4
4
5. is undefined.
0 100
f. is an improper fraction.
49
20
6. = 20
1
1
15. Each part is of a whole. There are 8 parts
7. In this figure, 3 of the 8 equal parts are shaded. 3

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 3 shaded, or 2 wholes and 2 more parts.
Thus, the fraction is . 8
8 improper fraction:
3
8. In this figure, 1 of the 6 equal parts is shaded. 2
mixed number: 2
1 3
Thus, the fraction is .
6
1
16. Each part is of a whole. There are 5 parts
9. Of the 10 parts of the syringe, 7 parts are filled. 4
7 shaded, or 1 whole and 1 more part.
Thus, the fraction is .
10 5
improper fraction:
4
10. Of the 16 parts of one inch, 9 parts are measured. 1
9 mixed number: 1
Thus, the fraction is . 4
16
5 7⋅2+5 14 + 5 19
= = =
11. answers may vary; for example, 17. a. 2
7 7 7 7

1 3 ⋅ 5 + 4 15 + 1 16
12. answers may vary; for example, b. 5 = = =
3 3 3 3

3 10 ⋅ 9 + 3 90 + 3 93
13. number of planets farther →5 c. 9 = = =

10 10 10 10
number of planets in our solar system →8

5 1 5 ⋅1 + 1 5 + 1 6
of the planets in our solar system are farther d. 1 = = =
8 5 5 5 5
from the Sun than Earth is.

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Chapter
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

1 Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 2.1

18. a. 59

5 17
1. The number is called a fraction. The number
4 31

9 4 31 is called its denominator and 17 is called its

=1 numerator.
5 5

9 0
2 2. If we simplify each fraction, = 1, = 0, and
9 4
b. 9 23
18 4
we say is undefined.
5 0
23 5
=2 8

9 9 3. The fraction is called an improper fraction,

3
12 3
the fraction is called a proper fraction, and
c. 4 48 8

4 3
10 is called a mixed number.
8 8
8

0 4. The value of an improper fraction is always ≥1

and the value of a proper fraction is always <1.
48
= 12
4 5. The fraction is equal to 1.

4 6. The total number of marbles in the bag.

d. 13 62
52 7. Each shape is divided into 3 parts.
10
8. The operation of addition is understood in a
62 10 1 1
=4 mixed number; for example, 1 means 1 + .
13 13 3 3
7 9. division
e. 7 51
49 Exercise Set 2.1
2
1
51 2 2. In the fraction , the numerator is 1 and the
=7 4
7 7
denominator is 4. Since 1 < 4, the fraction is
proper.
1
f. 20 21 53
20 4. In the fraction , the numerator is 53 and the
21

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
1 denominator is 21. Since 53 > 21, the fraction is
21 1 improper.
=1
20 20
26
6. In the fraction , the numerator is 26 and the
26
denominator is 26. Since 26 ≥ 26, the fraction is
improper.

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Chapter
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
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Fractions

14 38. answers may vary; for example,

8. =1
14

1
10. is undefined.
0
40. men → 22
14
12. = 14 employees → 63
1
22
of the employees are men.
0 63
14. =0
17
42. a. number of women employees = 63 − 22
0 = 41
16. =0
18
b. women → 41

18 employees → 63
18. =1
18 41
of the employees are women.
63
4
20. 4 of the 7 parts are shaded:
7 44. planets with longer days →4
number of planets in solar system → 8
5 4
22. 5 of the 8 equal parts are shaded: of the planets in our solar system have longer
8 8
days than Earth has.
5
24. 5 of the 12 equal parts are shaded:
12

5
46. 5 of 12 inches is of a foot.
12
7
26. 7 of the 8 equal parts are shaded:
8 37
48. 37 of 60 minutes is of an hour.
60
3
28. 3 of the 8 equal parts are shaded:

8 50. number of boys → 9

number on team → 20
13
30. 13 of the 16 equal parts are shaded: 9
16 of the team is boys.
20
32. answers may vary; for example,
52. There are 50 states total. Consumer fireworks are
legal in 46 states.

46
a. Consumer fireworks are legal in of the
50
34. answers may vary; for example,

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Chapter
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
states.

36. answers may vary; for example, b. 50 − 46 = 4

Consumer fireworks are illegal in 4 states.

4
c. Consumer fireworks are illegal in of the
50
states.

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

54. There are 37 total pieces. 15 are watercolor 13 17 ⋅1 +13 30

paintings and 17 are oil paintings. 70. 1 = =
17 17 17

15
a. of the inventory is watercolor paintings. 2 5 ⋅12 + 2 62

37 72. 12 = =
5 5 5

17
b. of the inventory is oil paintings. 9 10 ⋅ 8 + 9 89

37 74. 8 = =
10 10 10
c. 37 − 15 − 17 = 5
17 25 ⋅ 5 + 17 142
There are 5 sculptures. 76. 5 = =
25 25 25
5
d. of the inventory is sculptures.
7 15 ⋅12 + 7 187
37 78. 12 = =

15 15 15
1
56. Each part is of a whole and 10 parts are 14 27 10 14 284
⋅ +
4 80. 10 = =

shaded, or 2 wholes and 2 more parts. 27 27 27

10 2 27 125 ⋅ 3 + 27 402
a. b. 2 82. 3 = =

4 4 125 125 125

1 2 7 ⋅114 + 2 800
58. Each part is of a whole and 11 parts are 84. 114 = =
3 7 7 7

shaded, or 3 wholes and 2 more parts.

1R6
11 2 86. 7 13
a. b. 3 −7
3 3
6

1 13 6
60. Each part is of a whole and 6 parts are =1
5 7 7

shaded, or 1 whole and 1 more part.

7 R1
6 1 88. 9 64
a. b. 1 −63
5 5 1
5
1
62. Each part is of a whole and 23 parts are

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 Chapter
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
64 1
=7
9 9
shaded, or 4 wholes and 3 more parts.
5 R5
23 3 90. 12 65
a. b. 4 −60
5 5 5
3 4 ⋅ 6 + 3 27 65 5
= = =5
64. 6 12 12
4 4 4

5 9 ⋅ 2 + 5 23
66. 2 9 = 9 =
9

3 8 ⋅ 7 + 3 59
68. 7 8 = 8 =
8

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Chapter
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

3 R 16 1R6
92. 17 67 104. 143 149
−51 −143
16 6
67 16 149 6
=3 =1
17 17 143 143

16 7 R 40
94. 7 112 106. 123 901
−7 −861
42 40
−42
901 40
0 =7
123 123
112
= 16
7 3
108. 4 = 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 = 64

14
96. 14 196 110. 34 = 3⋅ 3⋅ 3⋅ 3 = 81
−14
56 112. 5⋅ 5 ⋅ 5⋅ 5 = 54
−56
0 114. 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅10 ⋅10 ⋅10 = 4 2 ⋅103
196
= 14
14 116. answers may vary

42 R 6 7 3
118. =1
98. 7 300 4 4
−28 3 3
20 =
−14 5 5
6 7
is the larger fraction.
300 6 4
= 42
7 7
120.
21 21
8 R 13
100. 53 437
−424
18
437 13
=8
53 53

19 R 5
102. 21 404
−21
194
−189
5
404 5
= 19

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Chapter
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
ities or the two-number factors of
1 15.
2 college 1 ⋅ 15 = 15
52
2 s: 3 ⋅ 5 = 15
. 1 The factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5, and 15.
6
1

8 124. 1 + 1 +
4 4=6
Four of
+ the six
United
5 States
2 Mint
faciliti
+ es
produc
2
0 e
coins:
+ 4
6
5
S
= e
c
1 t
6 i
1 o
5n
2
o2
f.
t
2
h
e
1P
6r
1a
lc
it
ci
ec
ne
s
eE
ex
se
ar
rc
ei
us
ne
is
v
e 1. a.
r First we
s write all
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Chapter
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

b. First we write all the two-number factors of 6. 45

7. 02
1⋅7=7 5 9
The factors of 7 are 1 and 7. ↓ 02
5 3 3
c. First we write all the two-number factors of
24. 45 = 3 ⋅3 ⋅5 = 32 ⋅5
1 ⋅ 24 = 24
7. a. 30
2 ⋅ 12 = 24
02
3 ⋅ 8 = 24 2 15
4 ⋅ 6 = 24 ↓ 02
The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 2 3 5
24.
30 = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5
2. The number 21 is composite. Its factors are 1, 3,
7, and 21. b. 56
The number 13 is prime. Its only factors are 1 02
and 13. 7 8
The number 18 is composite. Its factors are 1, 2, ↓ 02
3, 6, 9, and 18. 7 2 4
The number 29 is prime. Its only factors are 1 ↓ ↓ 02
and 29. 7 2 2 2
The number 39 is composite. Its factors are 1, 3, 56 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 = 23 ⋅ 7
13, and 39.
c. 72
7 0 2
3. 2 14 8 9
2 28 02 02
2 4 3 3
28 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 = 2 2 ⋅ 7
↓ 02 ↓ ↓
2 2 23 3
5
4. 3 15 72 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 3 = 23 ⋅32
2 30
8. 117
2 60 02
2 120 3 39

↓ 02
120 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 5 = 23 ⋅3 ⋅5 3 3 13

7 117 = 3⋅3⋅13 = 32 ⋅13

5. 3 21
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 2.2
3 63
3 189 1. The number 40 equals 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5. Since each
factor is prime, we call 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5 the prime
3 378
factorization of 40.
2 756
2. A natural number, other than 1, that is not prime
756 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 3⋅3⋅ 7 = 22 ⋅33 ⋅ 7 is called a composite number.

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Chapter
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Fractions
3. A natural number that has
exactly two different factors,
1 and itself, is called a prime
number.

4. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, ... are called the
natural numbers.

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Fractions

5. Since 30 = 5 ⋅ 6, the numbers 5 and 6 are factors 16. 1 ⋅ 26 = 26

of 30. 2 ⋅ 13 = 26
The factors of 26 are 1, 2, 13, and 26.
6. True or false: 5 ⋅ 6 is the prime factorization of
30. false 18. Prime, since its only factors are 1 and 5.
7. Because order doesn’t matter when we multiply, 20. Composite, since its factors are 1, 2, 5, and 10.
and switching order doesn’t give us any new
factors of 12. 22. Prime, since its only factors are 1 and 13.
8. No, the natural number 1 is neither prime nor 24. Composite, since its factors are 1, 3, 5, 9, 15 and
composite. 45.
9. You may write factors in different order, but
26. Prime, since its only factors are 1 and 89.
every natural number has only one prime
factorization. 28. Composite, since its factors are 1, 3, 7, and 21.
Exercise Set 2.2
30. Composite, since its factors are 1, 3, 9, and 27.
2. 1 ⋅ 6 = 6
2⋅3=6 32. Composite, since its factors are 1, 3, 17, and 51.
The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6.
34. Composite, since its factors are 1, 3, 7, 21, 49,
4. 1 ⋅ 30 = 30 and 147.
2 ⋅ 15 = 30
2
3 ⋅ 10 = 30

5 ⋅ 6 = 30 36. 2 4
The factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, and 30. 2 8
2 16
6. 1 ⋅ 9 = 9
3⋅3=9 2 32
The factors of 9 are 1, 3, and 9. 2 64
8. 1 ⋅ 48 = 48 64 = 26
2 ⋅ 24 = 48
3 ⋅ 16 = 48 7
4 ⋅ 12 = 48 38. 3 21
6 ⋅ 8 = 48 21 = 3 ⋅ 7
The factors of 48 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24
and 48. 7

10. 1 ⋅ 37 = 37 40. 3 21
The factors of 37 are 1 and 37. 3 63

12. 1 ⋅ 100 = 100 63 = 32 ⋅ 7

2 ⋅ 50 = 100
4 ⋅ 25 = 100 5
10⋅ 20
5 ⋅ 10==100
100 42. 2 10 The factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28.
The factors of 100 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50,
and 100.

14. 1 ⋅ 28 = 28
2 ⋅ 14 = 28
4 ⋅ 7 = 28

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2 20
2 40
2 80
80 = 2 4 ⋅5

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Fractions

7 19
44. 2 14 58. 11 209
2 28 2 418
2 56 2 836

56 = 23 ⋅ 7 826 = 22 ⋅11⋅19

7 7
46. 3 21 60. 3 21
2 42 3 63
2 84 2 126
2 252
84 = 2 2 ⋅3 ⋅ 7
2 504
13
504 = 23 ⋅32 ⋅ 7
48. 5 65
2 130 5
130 = 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 13 62. 3 15
3 45
31 3 135
50. 3 93
3 405
93 = 3 ⋅ 31
405 = 34 ⋅5
3
52. 3 9 11
3 27 64. 7 77
3 81 7 539

81 = 34 539 = 7 2 ⋅11

11 3
54. 3 33 66. 2 6
3 99 2 12
2 198 2 24
2 48
198 = 2 ⋅32 ⋅11
48 = 24 ⋅3
5
56. 3 15 3
3 45 68. 3 9
2 90 3 27
2 180 2 54
2 360 54 = 2 ⋅33

360 = 23 ⋅ 32 ⋅ 5 70. 59 is prime since its only factors are 1 and 59.

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Fractions

13 13
72. 2 26 88. 5 65
2 52 5 325
2 104 5 1625
2 208 3 4875
3 14, 625
208 = 24 ⋅13

3 43,875
74. 103 is prime since its only factors are 1 and 103. 3 131, 625

5 131,625 = 34 ⋅53 ⋅13

76. 5 25
5 125 90. answers may vary
2 250 92. no; answers may vary
2 500
Section 2.3 Practice Exercises
2 1000
1. Notice that 30 and 45 have a common factor of
1000 = 23 ⋅53
15.

78. To round 32,465 to the nearest thousand, 30 15 ⋅ 2 15 2 2 2

= = ⋅ = 1⋅ =
observe that the digit in the hundreds place is 4. 45 15 ⋅3 15 3 3 3
Since this digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 to
the digit in the thousands place. The number 39 3⋅13 3 13 13 13
32,465 rounded to the nearest thousand is 2. = = ⋅ = 1⋅ =
51 3⋅17 3 17 17 17
32,000.
9 3⋅3
80. To round 4,286,340 to the nearest ten, observe 3. =
that the digit in the ones place is 0. Since this 50 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅5
digit is less than 5, we do not add 1 to the digit in 9
the tens place. The number 4,286,340 rounded to Since 9 and 50 have no common factors, is
50
the nearest ten is 4,286,340. already in simplest form.
82. To round 10,292,876 to the nearest million,

observe that the digit in the hundred-thousands 49 7⋅7 7 7 7 7

4. = = ⋅ = 1⋅ =

place is 2. Since this digit is less than 5, we do 112 2 ⋅2 ⋅2⋅2 ⋅7 7 2⋅2⋅ 2⋅2 16 16
not add 1 to the digit in the millions place. The
number 10,292,876 rounded to the nearest 1 1
million is 10,000,000. 64 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 1⋅1⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 16 1
5. = = = or 3
20 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅5 1⋅1⋅5 5 5
84. 563 patents were granted in 2010 and 1 1
1136 patents were granted in 2012.
1136 − 563 = 573 1 1 1
573 fewer patents were granted in 2010 than in 8 2⋅2⋅2 1⋅1⋅1 1
2012. 6. = = =
56 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 1⋅1⋅1⋅ 7 7
1 1 1
86. Of the 2375 total patents, 676 were granted in

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Chapter
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
676 1
2011. of the patents were granted in 2011.
2375 42 6 ⋅ 7 1⋅ 7 7
7. = = =
48 6 ⋅8 1⋅8 8
1

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Fractions

7 689 53
8. is in simplest form. 8. =
9 455 35
1
21 3 ⋅7 1⋅ 7 7 Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 2.3
= = =
27 3 ⋅3⋅3 1⋅3⋅3 9
1 11
1. In , since 11 and 48 have no common factors
7 21 48
Since these fractions are the same, = . The

9 27 11
other than 1, is in simplest form.
fractions are equivalent. 48

9. Check the cross products: 2. Fractions that represent the same portion of a
4 ⋅ 18 = 72 and 13 ⋅ 5 = 65 whole are called equivalent fractions.
Since 72 ≠ 65, the fractions are not equivalent.

5 15
3. In the statement = , 5 ⋅ 36 and 12 ⋅ 15 are
4 parks in Virginia 2⋅2 12 36
10. =
46 national historical parks 2 ⋅ 23 called cross products.
1

2 ⋅2 7
= 4. The fraction simplifies to 1.
2 ⋅ 23 7
1
2 0
= 5. The fraction simplifies to 0.
23 7
2
of the national historical parks are in n
23 6. The fraction
Virginia. 1 simplifies to n.

7. A special form of an equivalent form of a

Calculator Explorations
fraction is called simplest form.
128 4 8. Two fractions are equivalent if they simplify to
1. =
224 7
3 6
the same fraction. and both simplify to
9 18
231 7
2. = 1
396 12 , so the original fractions are equal.
3
340 20
3. = 10 5
459 27 9. is not in simplest form;
24 12

999 37
4. = Exercise Set 2.3

1350 50 810 15
5. =

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Fractions
432 8
5 5 1⋅ 5 1
2. = = =
30 5 ⋅ 6 6 ⋅5 6
9 3⋅3 3
4. = =
315 7
6. = 48 3⋅16 16
225 5
22 2 ⋅11 11
243 9 6. = =
7. = 34 2 ⋅17 17
54 2
70 7 ⋅10 7
8. = =
80 8 ⋅10 8

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25 5 ⋅ 5 5 42. Equivalent, since the cross products are equal:

10. = = 9 ⋅ 2 = 18 and 6 ⋅ 3 = 18.
55 5 ⋅11 11

21 3 ⋅ 7 3 44. Not equivalent, since the cross products are not

12. = = equal: 5 ⋅ 4 = 20 and 11 ⋅ 2 = 22.
49 7 ⋅ 7 7
46. Equivalent, since the cross products are equal:
36 2 ⋅18 2 10 ⋅ 6 = 60 and 15 ⋅ 4 = 60.
14. = =
54 3⋅18 3
48. Equivalent, since the cross products are equal:
32 32 8 ⋅ 7 = 56 and 28 ⋅ 2 = 56.
16. =
63 63
32 and 63 have no common factors other than 1. 50. Not equivalent, since the cross products are not
equal: 20 ⋅ 9 = 180 and 12 ⋅ 16 = 192.
36 6 ⋅ 6 6
18. = = 52. Not equivalent, since the cross products are not
42 6 ⋅ 7 7
equal: 21 ⋅ 14 = 294 and 35 ⋅ 6 = 210.

28 4⋅7 7 200 caps 1⋅ 200 1

20. = = 54. = =

60 4 ⋅15 15 2000 caps 10 ⋅ 200 10

1
39 3 ⋅13 13 200 caps represents of the cups sold.
22. = = 10
42 3⋅14 14

20 centimeters 1⋅ 20 1
= =
60 5 ⋅12 5 2 56.
24. = = or 1 100 centimeters 5 ⋅ 20 5
36 3⋅12 3 3
1
20 centimeters is of a meter.
60 2 ⋅ 30 2 5
26. = =
150 5 ⋅30 5
10 monuments 2⋅5 5
58. a. = =
98 14 ⋅ 7 7 78 monuments 2 ⋅ 39 39
28. = =
126 14 ⋅9 9 5
of the national monuments are located
39
65 13 ⋅ 5 5 in New Mexico.
30. = =

234 13⋅18 18
b. 78 − 10 = 68
68 national monuments are found outside
78 6 ⋅13 13
32. = = New Mexico.
90 6 ⋅15 15
68 2 ⋅ 34 34
72 12 ⋅ 6 6 c. = =
34. = = 78 2 ⋅39 39
420 12 ⋅ 35 35 34
of the national monuments are found in
144 18 ⋅ 8 8 39 162 18 ⋅9 9
36. = =

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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

states other than New Mexico.

135 45 ⋅ 3 3
38. = =
585 45 ⋅13 13 10 students 5 ⋅ 2 2
60. = =
35 students 5 ⋅ 7 7
2
of the students made and A on the first test.
270 15 ⋅18 18 ⋅15 18 7
40. = = = = 18
15 15 1⋅15 1
62. a. 28,000 − 12,000 = 16,000
$16,000 was not covered by her trade-in.

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

$16, 000 4000 ⋅ 4 4 84. The piece representing National Parks is labeled
b. = =
$28, 000 4000 ⋅ 7 7 3 3
, so of National Park Service areas are

4 20 20
of the purchase price was not covered by
National Parks.
7
the trade-in. 86. answers may vary
3200 employees 800 ⋅ 4 4 88. 1235, 2235, 85, 105, 900, and 1470 are divisible
64. = =
12, 000 employees 800 ⋅15 15 by 5 because each number ends with a 0 or 5.
4 8691, 786, 2235, 105, 222, 900, and 1470 are
of the employees work at the Hallmark divisible by 3 because the sum of each number’s
15 digits is divisible by 3.
headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri. 2235, 105, 900, and 1470 are divisible by both 3
and 5.
66. 73
× 8 90. 15; answers may vary
584
Integrated Review
68. 562
× 9 3
1. 3 of the 6 parts are shaded:
5058 6

3 3 3 ⋅1 1
70. 238 simplifies as = = .
× 26 6 6 3⋅ 2 2
1428

4760 1
2. Each part is of a whole and 7 parts are
6188 4

7 3
72. answers may vary shaded, or 1 whole and 3 more parts: or 1
4 4

9506 1358 ⋅ 7 7 3. People getting fewer than 8 hours of sleep → 73

74. = =
12, 222 1358 ⋅9 9 People in survey → 85
73
76. 37 + 7 = 44 of the people in a survey get fewer than
85
44 donors 4 ⋅11 11
= = 8 hours of sleep.

100 donors 4 ⋅ 25 25
11 4.
of blood donors have an O blood type.
25
11
5. =1
78. 9 + 1 = 10 11
10 donors 1⋅10 1
= = 17
100 donors 10 ⋅10 10 6. = 17

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
1 1
of blood donors have B blood type.
10
0
7. =0
80. The piece representing biological sciences is 3
2 2
labeled , so of entering college freshmen 7
25 25 8. is undefined.
plan to major in the biological sciences. 0

82. answers may vary 1 8 ⋅ 3 + 1 25

9. 3 = =
8 8 8

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

3 5 ⋅ 5 + 3 28 13
10. 5 = = 21. 5 65
5 5 5
65 = 5 ⋅ 13
6 7 ⋅ 9 + 6 69
11. 9 = =
7 7 7 7
22. 5 35
1 7 ⋅ 20 + 1 141 2 70
12. 20 = =
7 7 7
70 = 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7
2 R6
3
13. 7 20
23. 2 6
−14
6 2 12
20 6 2 24
=2
7 7 2 48
2 96
5
14.
11 55 96 = 25 ⋅3
−55
0
11
55 24. 3 33
=5
11 2 66
4 R7 2 132
8 39 132 = 22 ⋅3 ⋅11
15. −32
7
7
39 7
=4 25. 3 21
8 8
3 63
8 R 10 3 126
11 98 2 252
16. −88
10 252 = 22 ⋅32 ⋅ 7

98 10 26. Prime, since its only factors are 1 and 31.

=8
11 11
7
17. 1 ⋅ 35 = 35 2 e its only factors are 1 and 13.
5 ⋅ 7 = 35 0
The factors of 35 are 1, 5, 7, and 35. .
P
18. 1 ⋅ 40 = 40 r
2 ⋅ 20 = 40 i
4 ⋅ 10 = 40 m
5 ⋅ 8 = 40 e
The factors of 40 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, and 40. ,
s
19. Composite since its factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, i
12, 18, 24, 36, and 72. n
c

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
27. 5
35
3
10
5
3
31
28. 5
31
5
=
32
⋅5 ⋅
7

7
7
49
3
14
7
3
44
1
44
1=
32
⋅
72

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

13 b. 50 − 2 = 48
29. 11 143 48 states are adjacent to other states.
2 286
48 states 24 ⋅ 2 24
= =
286 = 2 ⋅ 11 ⋅ 13 c.
50 states 25⋅ 2 25
30. Prime, since its only factor are 1 and 41. 24
of the states are adjacent to other states.
25
2 2 ⋅1 1
31. = =
14 2 ⋅7 7 145 films 5 ⋅ 29 29
44. a. = =

540 films 5 ⋅108 108

24 4 ⋅ 6 6 1 29
32. = = or 1 of the films were rated PG-13.
20 4 ⋅5 5 5 108

18 2 ⋅9 9 b. 540 − 145 = 395

33. = =

38 2 ⋅19 19 395 films were rated other than PG-13.

42 2 ⋅ 21 21 395 films 5 ⋅ 79 79
34. = = c. = =

110 2 ⋅ 55 55 540 films 5 ⋅108 108

79
of the films were rated other than
56 4 ⋅14 14 108
35. = =
60 4 ⋅15 15 PG-13.

72 8 ⋅ 9 9 Section 2.4 Practice Exercises

36. = =
80 8 ⋅10 10 3 5 3 ⋅5 15
1. ⋅ = =
54 27 ⋅ 2 2 8 7 8 ⋅ 7 56
37. = =
135 27 ⋅5 5
1 1 1⋅1 1
2. ⋅ = =
90 30 ⋅ 3 3 3 6 3⋅ 6 18
38. = =
240 30 ⋅8 8 1 1

6 5 6⋅5 2 ⋅3⋅ 5 3 3
⋅ = = = =
165 15 ⋅11 11 41. Not equivalent, since the cross products are
39. = = not equal: 8 ⋅ 9 = 72 and 10 ⋅ 7 = 70
210 15 ⋅14 14
42. Equivalent, since the cross products are
245 35 ⋅ 7 7
40. = = equal:
385 35 ⋅11 11 12 ⋅ 15 = 180 and 18 ⋅ 10 = 180

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
2 states 2 ⋅1 1 3.
43. a. = = 55 8 55 ⋅8 5 ⋅11⋅ 2 ⋅ 2⋅ 2 11⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 44
50 states 2 ⋅ 25 25 1 1

1 1
4 3 4 ⋅3 4 ⋅3 1 1
4. ⋅ = = = =
15 8 15 ⋅8 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4 5⋅ 2 10
1 1

1
2 20 2 ⋅ 20 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 5 8
5. ⋅ = = =
5 7 5⋅7 5 ⋅7 7
1

1 1
4 33 4 ⋅ 33 4 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 11 3
1 6. ⋅ = = =
of the states are not adjacent to any 11 16 11⋅16 11 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 4
25
1 1
other states.

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

1 1 5. There’s a common factor of 2 in the numerator

1 3 25 1⋅ 3 ⋅ 25 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅5 5 and denominator which can be divided out first.
7. ⋅ ⋅ = = =
6 10 16 6 ⋅10 ⋅16 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅16 64
1 1 6. To multiply mixed numbers, we first write them
as equivalent improper fractions and then
1 5 multiply as we multiply for fractions.
8. 2 =
2 2
1
1 1 7. radius is diameter
1 8 5 8 5 ⋅ 2 ⋅4 4 1 2
2 ⋅ = ⋅ = = or 1

2 15 2 15 2 ⋅3 ⋅ 5 3 3 Exercise Set 2.4

1 1

2 4 2⋅4 8
1 2. ⋅ = =
2 2 18 2 ⋅18 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 6 12 3 7 3 ⋅ 7 21
9. ⋅18 = ⋅ = = = = 12
3 3 1 3 ⋅1 3 ⋅1 1
1 7 1 7 ⋅1 7
4. ⋅ = =
3 4 3⋅ 4 12
1
1 3 16 11 16 ⋅11 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅11 44 4 2 7 2 ⋅ 7 14
10. 3 5 ⋅ 2 4 = 5 ⋅ 4 = 5 ⋅ 4 = 5 ⋅ 4 = 5 or 8 5 6. ⋅ = =
1
5 11 5 ⋅11 55

7 2 7⋅2 7⋅2 7 7
1 8. ⋅ = = = =
11 5 56 5 ⋅ 56 5 ⋅ 56 56 2 8 3 8 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 4 ⋅3 12
11. 5 ⋅3 = ⋅ = = = or 18
15 1 15 1⋅15 1⋅3 ⋅ 5 3 3
8 5 8 ⋅5 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅5 2 ⋅5 10 1
1 10. ⋅ = = = = or 1
3 12 3 ⋅12 3⋅ 4 ⋅3 3 ⋅3 9 9
9
12. ⋅0 = 0 4 5 4⋅5 4 ⋅ 5 ⋅1 1 1
11 12. ⋅ = = = =
35 24 35 ⋅ 24 5 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 6 7 ⋅ 6 42
1
13. ⋅ =0 11
0 4
8 14. ⋅0 = 0
12
5 5 48 5 ⋅ 48 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅16 5 ⋅ 3
14. ⋅ 48 = ⋅ = = = = 15
1 1 1⋅1 1
16 16 1 16 ⋅1 16 ⋅1 1 16. ⋅ = =

Thus, there are 15 roller coasters in Kings 9 13 9 ⋅13 117

Dominion.
5 64 5 ⋅ 2⋅ 32 1
18. ⋅ = =

Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 2.4 32 100 32 ⋅ 5⋅ 2 ⋅10 10

a c a ⋅c 4 8 4 ⋅8 32
1. To multiply two fractions, we write ⋅ = . 20. ⋅ = =
b d b⋅d 5 25 5⋅ 25 125

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
2. Using the definition of an exponent, the 27 10 16 27 ⋅10 ⋅16
3 22. ⋅ ⋅ =
23 2⋅2⋅2 ⎛2⎞ 2 2 2 32 13 30 32 ⋅13 ⋅30
expression = while ⎜ ⎟ = ⋅ ⋅ . 3 ⋅9 ⋅10 ⋅16
7 7 ⎝7⎠ 7 7 7 =
2 ⋅16 ⋅13 ⋅3⋅10
3. The word “of” indicates multiplication. 9
=
2 ⋅13
1 9
4. ⋅0 = 0 =
5 26

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

3 1 3 3 ⋅1⋅ 3 9 1 6 19 6
24. ⋅ ⋅ = = 42. 2 ⋅ = ⋅
5 2 7 5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 70 9 7 9 7
19 ⋅ 6
=
8 4 9⋅7
26. ⋅ ⋅0 = 0 19 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3
11 7 =
3 ⋅3 ⋅ 7
7 9 12 11 7 ⋅ 9 ⋅12 ⋅11 19 ⋅ 2
28. ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = =
8 20 22 14 8⋅ 20 ⋅ 22 ⋅14 3⋅7
7⋅ 9⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅11 38 17
= = or 1
2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 20 ⋅ 2 ⋅11⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 21 21
9⋅ 3
= 5 5
2 ⋅ 20 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 1⋅ =
27 44. 9 9
=
160
1 1 9 57 513 1
46. Exact: 2 ⋅ 7 = ⋅ = or 16
3 4 8 4 8 32 32
30. 11 rounds to 12.

4 1 1
Estimate: 2 rounds to 2, 7 rounds to 7.
4 8

1
32. 4 rounds to 4. 2 ⋅ 7 = 14, so the answer is reasonable.
9
5 3 35 38
12 48. Exact: 5 ⋅ 7 = ⋅
34. 18 rounds to 19. 6 5 6 5

22 35 ⋅ 38
=
6⋅5
2 2 6 2⋅6 2⋅ 2⋅3 2 ⋅ 2 4 5 ⋅ 7⋅ 2 ⋅19
36. ⋅6 = ⋅ = = = = =4 =
3 3 1 3 ⋅1 3⋅1 1 1 2 ⋅3 ⋅5
7⋅19
=
7 10 7 3
38. 10 ⋅ = ⋅
8 1 8 133 1
10 ⋅ 7 = or 44
= 3 3
1⋅8 5 3
2 ⋅5⋅7 Estimate: 5 rounds to 6, 7 rounds to 8.
= 6 5
1⋅ 2 ⋅ 4
5⋅7 6 ⋅ 8 = 48, so the answer is reasonable.
=
1⋅ 4
1 6 10
=
35
or 8
3 50. 6 ⋅ 3 = ⋅
3 1 3
4 4 6⋅10
=
3 2 3 11 3 ⋅11 3 ⋅11 1 1⋅ 3
40. ⋅3 = ⋅ = = = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅10
22 3 22 3 22 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅11⋅ 3 2 =
1⋅3
2 ⋅10
=
1

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
20
=
1
= 20

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

1 1 7 36 1 11 16 75
52. 1 ⋅ 7 = ⋅ 64. 3 ⋅ 2 = ⋅
6 5 6 5 5 32 5 32
7⋅ 36 16 ⋅ 75
= =
6 ⋅5 5 ⋅ 32
7⋅ 6⋅ 6 16 ⋅ 5 ⋅15
= =
6⋅5 5⋅16 ⋅ 2
7⋅ 6 15 1
= = or 7
5 2 2
42 2
= or 8
5 5 15 3 15 ⋅ 3 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ 3 9 1
66. ⋅ = = = = or 4
2 5 2 ⋅5 2⋅5 2 2 2
7 1 7 24 1
54. ⋅ 24 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅
8 3 8 1 3 9 10 9 ⋅10 9 ⋅10 1
7 ⋅ 24 ⋅1 68. ⋅ = = =
= 20 90 20 ⋅90 20 ⋅9 ⋅10 20
8 ⋅1⋅3
7⋅ 8 ⋅ 3 ⋅1 3⋅2 3⋅ 2
= 70.
3 2
⋅ = = =
1
=
1
8 ⋅3 ⋅1 80 27 80 ⋅ 27 2 ⋅ 40 ⋅3 ⋅9 40 ⋅9 360
7
=
1 8 30 8

=7 72. 30 ⋅ = ⋅
9 1 9
30 ⋅ 8
11 1 11 12 10 =
56. ⋅12 ⋅3 = ⋅ ⋅ 1⋅9
20 3 20 1 3 3 ⋅10 ⋅8
11⋅12 ⋅10 =
= 1⋅3 ⋅3
20 ⋅1⋅ 3 10 ⋅8
11⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅10 =
= 1⋅3
2 ⋅10 ⋅1⋅ 3 80 2

11⋅ 2 = or 26
= 3 3
1
22
= 11 1
1 74. 4 ⋅ 0 ⋅12 = 0
= 22 13 13

2 1 11 72 25 11
1 1 1 9 19 6
58. 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅1 = ⋅ ⋅ 76. 14 ⋅8 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅
2 9 5 2 9 5 5 3 16 5 3 16
9 ⋅19 ⋅ 6 72 ⋅ 25 ⋅11
= =
2 ⋅9 ⋅5 5 ⋅3 ⋅16

3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅11
=
9 ⋅19 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 =
2 ⋅9 ⋅5 5 ⋅3 ⋅ 2 ⋅8
19 ⋅3 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅11
= =
5 2
165 1
=
57
or 11
2 = or 82
5 5 2 2

1 1 200 1⋅ 200 1⋅ 5 ⋅ 40 40
3 5 3 ⋅5 3 ⋅5 5 5 78. ⋅ 200 = ⋅ = = = = 40
60. ⋅ = = = = 5 5 1 5 ⋅1 5 ⋅1 1

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
8 12 8 ⋅12 8⋅3⋅ 4 8⋅ 4 32
1
of 200 is 40.
3 5
62. 0 ⋅ = 0
31

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

5 5 24 5 ⋅ 24 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8 5 ⋅ 3 15 88. d = 2 ⋅ r
80. ⋅ 24 = ⋅ = = = = = 15 7
8 8 1 8 ⋅1 8 ⋅1 1 1 = 2⋅
5 20
of 24 is 15. 2 7
8 = ⋅
1 20
1 1 2⋅ 7
82. of 3000 = ⋅ 3000 =
5 5 1⋅ 20
1 3000 =
2⋅ 7
= ⋅
5 1 1⋅ 2 ⋅10
1⋅ 3000 =
7
=
5 ⋅1 10
1⋅ 5 ⋅600 7
= The diameter is
5 ⋅1 10 foot.
= 600

The diet can contain 600 calories from fat per 2 2 4 2⋅ 4 8 3

day. 90. ⋅4 = ⋅ = = =1
5 5 1 5 ⋅1 5 5

57 57 8 3
84. of 1400 million = ⋅1, 400, 000, 000 or 1 feet of the post is to be buried.
100 100 5 5
57 1, 400, 000, 000
= ⋅ 1 35 2 35 2 ⋅ 35 35
100 1 92. 2 ⋅17 = 2⋅ = ⋅ = = = 35
57 ⋅1, 400, 000, 000 2 2 1 2 1⋅ 2 1
=
100 ⋅1 Jock’s waist measurement is 35 inches.
57 ⋅14, 000, 000 ⋅100
= 1 1 1⋅1 1
100 ⋅1 94. ⋅ = =
57 ⋅14, 000, 000 2 3 2 ⋅3 6
=
1 1
of a cup of flour should be used.
= 798, 000, 00 6
In 2012, 798 million movie tickets were
purchased by frequent moviegoers. 7 7 31, 050
96. ⋅31, 050 = ⋅
10 10 1
3 3 7⋅ 31, 050
86. of 8 = ⋅8 =

16 16 inches deep after

3 8
= ⋅
16 1
3 ⋅8
=
16 ⋅1
3 ⋅8
=
8 ⋅ 2 ⋅1
3
=
2 ⋅1
3
=
2
3 1
The screw sinks or 1

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
1 0 7 ⋅ 3105
=
0 5 1
⋅ 21, 735
⋅ =
1 1
1 = 21, 735
=
7 0 21,735 tornadoes occurred during these four
1 months.
⋅
0
3 ⋅ 1 3 1⋅ 3 3
1 98. ⋅ = =
1
2 2 2 8 2 ⋅8 16
8 turns. 3
The area is of a square mile.
16

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

1 5 7 5 ⋅ 7 35 1 1
100. 5⋅3 = ⋅ = = or 17 116. 7 rounds to 7
2 1 2 1⋅ 2 2 2 4

35 1 1
The area is or 17 square inches. 4 rounds to 4
2 2 5

7 ⋅ 4 = 28
3 3 12, 000 The best estimate is d.
102. ⋅12, 000 = ⋅
25 25 1
3 ⋅12, 000 11 11
= 118. of 240 million = ⋅ 240, 000, 000
25 ⋅1 20 20
3 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 480 11 240, 000, 000
= = ⋅
25 ⋅1 20 1
3 ⋅ 480 11⋅ 240, 000, 000
= =
1 20
= 1440 11⋅12, 000, 000 ⋅ 20
The family drove 1440 miles for shopping. =
20
11⋅12, 000, 000
1 1 12, 000 =
104. ⋅12, 000 = ⋅ 1
100 100 1 = 132, 000, 000
1⋅12, 000 Approximately 132 million U.S. adults owned a
=
100 ⋅1 smartphone in 2013.
1⋅120 ⋅100
=
100 ⋅1 1 1 313, 914, 000

= 120 120. ⋅313, 914, 000 = ⋅

8 8 1
The family drove 120 miles for medical needs. 313,914, 000
=
8
560
8 ⋅ 39, 239, 250
106. 7 3920 =
−35 8
39, 239, 250
42 =
−42 1
00 = 39, 239, 250
−0 The approximate population of California is
0 39,239,250.

80 R 20 Section 2.5 Practice Exercises

108. 31 2500 4 9
−248 1. The reciprocal of is .

20 9 4
−0
20 15 7
2. The reciprocal of is .
7 15
110. answers may vary

1 5 9 45 1 9 1
112. 3. The reciprocal of 9, or , is .
1 9
5⋅2 = ⋅ = = 11

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
4 1 4 4 4

11 1 8
114. rounds to 1 4. The reciprocal of is or 8.
12 8 1

1
4 rounds to 4 3 14 3 5 3 ⋅ 5 15
16 5. ÷ = ⋅ = =
2 5 2 14 2 ⋅14 28
1⋅4=4
The best estimate is c.

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

1 1 15
8 2 8 9 8 ⋅ 9 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 9 36 30 ÷ 2 = 30 ÷
6. ÷ = ⋅ = = = or 5 7 7
30 7
1 = ⋅
7 9 7 2 7⋅2 7⋅ 2 7 7 1 15
30 ⋅ 7
1 =

4 1 4 2 4⋅2 8 1⋅15
7. ÷ = ⋅ = = 1
9 2 9 1 9 ⋅1 9
2 ⋅ 15 ⋅ 7 14
= =
4 4 7 4 1 4 ⋅1 4 1⋅ 15 1
8. ÷7 = ÷ = ⋅ = = 1
9 9 1 9 7 9 ⋅ 7 63
= 14
14 outfits can be made from a 30-yard bolt of
8 4 8 19
9. ÷3 = ÷ material.
15 5 15 5
8 5
= ⋅ Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check 2.5
15 19
8⋅5 1. Two numbers are reciprocals of each other if
=
15 ⋅19 their product is 1.
1
8⋅ 5 2. Every number has a reciprocal except 0.
=
3 ⋅ 5 ⋅19
a c a⋅d
1 3. To divide two fractions, we write ÷ = .
b d b ⋅c
8
=
57 4. The word “per” usually indicates division.
2 3 23 31 1
10. 3 ÷ 2 = ÷ 5.
7 14 7 14 n
23 14
= ⋅
7 31 6. 0
23 ⋅14
=
7 ⋅ 31 7. Because we still have a division problem and we
1 can’t divide out common factors until we rewrite
23 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 the division as a multiplication.
=
7 ⋅31
1 8. equally divided
46 15
= or 1 Exercise Set 2.5
31 31

9 10
2. The reciprocal of is .
14 10 9
11. ÷ 0 is undefined.
17

1 20
1 17 4. The reciprocal of is or 20.
12. 0 ÷ 2 = 0 ÷ =0 20 1
8 8
13 1

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
6. The reciprocal of 13 = is .
1 1 13
13. Number of outfits is 30 divided by 2
7

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 8. The reciprocal of
10
is
3
.

1 3 10
Number of outfits = 30 ÷ 2
7
5 2 5 3 5 ⋅ 3 15
10. ÷ = ⋅ = =
8 3 8 2 8 ⋅ 2 16

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

10 4 10 5 14 1 14 13
12. ÷ = ⋅ 24. ÷ = ⋅

11 5 11 4 52 13 52 1
10 ⋅ 5 14 ⋅13
= =
11⋅ 4 52 ⋅1
2⋅5⋅5 2⋅ 7⋅13
= =
11⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅13 ⋅1
5⋅5 7
= =
11⋅ 2 2 ⋅1
25 3 7 1
= or 1 = or 3
22 22 2 2

16 8 16 15 100 10 100 79
14. ÷ = ⋅ 26. ÷ = ⋅

27 15 27 8 158 79 158 10
16 ⋅15 100 ⋅ 79
= =
27 ⋅8 158 ⋅10
8 ⋅ 2⋅ 3⋅ 5 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅10 ⋅ 79
= =
3⋅ 9 ⋅8 2 ⋅ 79 ⋅10
2⋅ 5 5
= =
9 1
10 1 =5
= or 1
9 9
6 7 6 10 6 ⋅10 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2⋅ 5 2 ⋅ 2 4
28. ÷ = ⋅ = = = =
11 13 11 16 11⋅16 11 15 10 15 7 15 ⋅ 7 3⋅5 ⋅ 7 7 7
16. ÷ = ⋅ = =
16 16 16 13 16 ⋅13 13
7 7 7 13 7 ⋅13
30. ÷ = ⋅ = =1

3 13 3 3 3⋅3 9 13 13 13 7 13 ⋅ 7
18. ÷ = ⋅ = =
13 3 13 13 13 ⋅13 169
4 11
32. 0 ÷ = 0⋅ = 0
6 6 6 5 6⋅5 5 11 4
20. ÷ = ⋅ = =
11 5 11 6 11⋅ 6 11
2
34. ÷ 0 is undefined.
7 5 7 6 3
22. ÷ = ⋅
8 6 8 5

7⋅ 6 65 26 65 231
= 36. ÷ = ⋅
8 ⋅5 495 231 495 26
7 ⋅2 ⋅3 65 ⋅ 231
= =
2 ⋅ 4 ⋅5 495 ⋅ 26
5 ⋅13 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 7 ⋅11
=
7⋅ 3 =
4 ⋅5 3⋅ 3⋅ 5 ⋅11⋅ 2 ⋅13
21 1 7
= or 1 =
20 20 2 ⋅3
7 1
= or 1
6 6

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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

5 5 1 5 ⋅1 5 ⋅1 1 1
38. ÷10 = ⋅ = = = =
6 6 10 6 ⋅10 6 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5 6 ⋅ 2 12
2 7 11 7 ⋅11 77 1
40. 7 ÷ = ⋅ = = or 38
11 1 2 1⋅ 2 2 2

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Chapter
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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

2 2 14 2 5 1 125 275
42. 4 ÷ = ÷ 56. 20 ÷137 = ÷
3 5 3 5 6 2 6 2
14 5 125 2
= ⋅ = ⋅
3 2 6 275
14 ⋅ 5 125 ⋅ 2
= =
3⋅ 2 6 ⋅ 275
2⋅ 7⋅ 5 5 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 2
= =
3⋅2 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 25 ⋅11
7⋅ 5 5
= =
3 3⋅11
35 2 5
= or 11 =
3 3 33

4 1 4 5 4 2 4⋅2 8 4 8 4 3 4⋅ 3 4⋅ 3 1 1
44. ÷2 = ÷ = ⋅ = = 58. ÷ = ⋅ = = = =
15 2 15 2 15 5 15 ⋅5 75 15 3 15 8 15 ⋅8 5 ⋅ 3⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 5 ⋅ 2 10

5 6 17 34 9 2 9 9 9 ⋅ 9 81 1
46. 2 ÷ 4 = ÷ 60. ÷ = ⋅ = = or 2
6 7 6 7 20 9 20 2 20 ⋅ 2 40 40
17 7
= ⋅

6 34 1 9 1 9 6 9 ⋅ 6 54
17 ⋅ 7 62. 9 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = = = 54
= 6 1 6 1 1 1⋅1 1
6 ⋅34
17 ⋅ 7 3 5 3 8 3⋅8 3
= 64. ÷ = ⋅ = =
6 ⋅ 2 ⋅17 8 8 8 5 8 ⋅5 5
7
=
6⋅2 1

7 66. 20 ÷ 0 is undefined.
= 5
12

13 3 13 16 13 ⋅16 13 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 4 13 ⋅ 4 52
÷ = ⋅ = ⋅ = =
1 1 31 11 68.
48. 3 ÷2 = ÷ 84 16 84 3 84 ⋅3 4 ⋅ 21⋅3 21⋅3 63
10 5 10 5
31 5
= ⋅ 2 1 58 22
10 11 70. 8 ÷ 3 = ÷
7 7 7 7
31⋅ 5
= =
58 7
⋅
10 ⋅11 7 22
31⋅ 5 58 ⋅ 7
=
2 ⋅5 ⋅11 3 33 1 33 1 33 ⋅1 33
31 5 ÷1 = ÷ = ⋅ = =
= 50 50 1 50 1 50 ⋅1 50
2 ⋅11 0
31 9
= or 1 .
22 22 3

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 Chapter
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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
= 5 32
7 ⋅
128 ⋅32 128 5
2 25 ⋅ 32
2 =
=

72. 2
⋅

2
9

7
7
⋅
2
⋅
1
1
=
2
9

o
r
2
7
1
1
1
1

2
5

2
9 79 10
52. 0 ÷ 7 = 0÷ = 0⋅ =0 128 ⋅5
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Chapter
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Multiplying and
Mathematics
Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
2: Multiplying
Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
10 10 79 5 ⋅5 ⋅32
=
32 ⋅ 4 ⋅5
17 17 1 17 1 17 ⋅1 17 5 1
54. ÷1 = ÷ = ⋅ = = or 1

75 75 1 75 1 75 ⋅1 75 =
4 4

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

3 1 111 1 111 4 111 1 47 4 47 1 47 ⋅1 47 7

74. 27 ÷ = ÷ = ⋅ = = 111 82. 23 ÷4 = ÷ = ⋅ = = or 5
4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2⋅4 8 8
This will make 111 quarter-pound hamburgers. 7
The length of each side of the square is 5 feet.
8
1 40 4
76. 13 ÷ 4 = ÷
3 3 1
2 4 2 7 2⋅7 2 ⋅7 7 7
=
40 1
⋅
84. ÷ = ⋅ = = = =
3 4 5 7 5 4 5⋅ 4 5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 5 ⋅ 2 10
40 ⋅1
= 2 1 8 17
3⋅4 86. 2 ⋅1 = ⋅
4 ⋅10 ⋅1 3 16 3 16
= 8 ⋅17
3⋅4 =
10 ⋅1 3 ⋅16
= 8 ⋅17
3 =
10 1 3⋅8 ⋅ 2
= or 3 17
3 3 =
10 3⋅2
Each ounce of lean hamburger meat has or 17 5
3 = or 2
6 6
1
3 grams of fat.
3 1 3 18 49 3 18
88. 8 ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅
6 7 25 6 7 25
3 125 13 49 ⋅ 3 ⋅18
78. 125 ÷ 2 = ÷ =
5 1 5 6 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 25
125 5 7 ⋅ 7 ⋅3⋅ 6 ⋅3
= ⋅ =
1 13 6 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 25
125 ⋅ 5 7⋅ 3⋅ 3
= =
1⋅13 25
625 1 63 13
= or 48 = or 2
13 13 25 25
625
The worker can complete the order in or
1 7 11 17
13 90. 2 ÷1 = ÷

1 5 10 5 10
48 hours. 11 10
13 = ⋅
5 17
11⋅10
3 450 4 =
80. 450 ÷ = ⋅ 5 ⋅17
4 1 3 11⋅ 2 ⋅5
450 ⋅ 4 =
= 5 ⋅17
1⋅3 11⋅ 2
3 ⋅150 ⋅ 4 =
= 17
1⋅3 22 5
150 ⋅ 4 T = ost of one carat is $600.
=
1 h 6
=
600 e 0
0
1 c

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
=
or 1
17
1 17
92. 1
81
1
4
2
+
69
92
2

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

94. 882 1 5144 3

− 773 106. 5144 ÷ = ⋅
3 1 1
109 5144 ⋅ 3
=
1⋅1
96. 500 15, 432

− 92 =
1
408 = 15, 432
There are 15,432 flowering plant species native
1 1 25 2 50 2 1 to the United States.
98. 6 ÷ = ⋅ = = 12 or 12
4 2 4 1 4 4 2
108. answers may vary
11
100. rounds to 1 Chapter 2 Vocabulary Check
12

1 1. Two numbers are reciprocals of each other if

16 rounds to 16
5 their product is 1.

1 16 1 1 1⋅1 1
1 ÷16 = ÷ = ⋅ = = 2. A composite number is a natural number greater

1 1 1 16 1⋅16 16 than 1 that is not prime.

The best estimate is a.
3. Fractions that represent the same portion of a
1 whole are called equivalent fractions.
102. 10 rounds to 10
4
1 4. An improper fraction is a fraction whose
2 rounds to 2 numerator is greater than or equal to its
16 denominator.
10 ÷ 2 = 5
The best estimate is b. 5. A prime number is a natural number greater than
1 whose only factors are 1 and itself.
2 2
⎛ 8 39 8 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 8⋅ 39 ⋅ 8 ⎞ 1
104. ⎜ ⋅ ⋅ ⎟ ÷ = ⎜ ⎟ ÷ 6. A fraction is in simplest form when the
⎝ 13 16 9 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 13 ⋅16 ⋅9 ⎠ 2 numerator and the denominator have no factors
2 32 5
⎛ 2 ⋅ 4 ⋅13 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 8 ⎞ 1 = or 3
=⎜ ⎟ ÷ 9 9
⎝ 13 ⋅ 2 ⋅8 ⋅ 3⋅3 ⎠ 2
2
4
⎛ ⎞ 1
=⎜ ⎟ ÷
⎝3⎠ 2
4 4 1
= ⋅ ÷
3 3 2
4⋅ 4 1
= ÷
3 ⋅3 2
16 1
= ÷
9 2
16 2
= ⋅
9 1
16 ⋅ 2
=
9 ⋅1

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
in common other than 1.

7. A proper fraction is one whose

numerator is less than its denominator.

8. A mixed number contains a whole

number part and a fraction part.

7
9. In the fraction , the 7 is called the
numerator
9
and the 9 is called the denominator.

10. The prime factorization of a number is

the factorization in which all the
factors are prime numbers.

3
11. The fraction is undefined.
0

0
12. The fraction = 0.
5

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

a c 3 R3
13. In = , a ⋅ d and b ⋅ c are called cross
b d 11. 4 15

products. −12
3
Chapter 2 Review 15 3
=3
4 4
11
1. is a proper fraction.
23 45 R 5
12. 6 275

9 −24
2. is an improper fraction. 35
8
−30
1 5
3. is a proper fraction.
2 275 5
= 45
6 6
1
4. 2 is a mixed number.
4 3
13. 13 39

2 −39
5. 2 of the 6 equal parts are shaded: 0
6
39
=3
4 13
6. 4 of the 7 equal parts are shaded:
7
5
1 14. 12 60
7. Each part is of a whole and 7 parts are −60
3 0
7
shaded: 60
3 =5
12

1 1 5 ⋅1 + 1 6
8. Each part is of a whole and 13 parts are 15. 1
4 = =
5 5 5
13
shaded:
4 1 21⋅1+1 22
16. 1 = =
21 21 21
9. free throws made → 11
free throws during game → 12
8 9 ⋅ 2 + 8 26
11 17. 2 = =
The player made of his free throws. 9 9 9
12
11 12 ⋅ 3 + 11 47
10. a. 131 − 23 = 108 18. 3 12 = 12
=
12
108 cars on the lot are not blue.

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
19. Composite, since the factors of 51 are 1, 3, 17,
b. There are 131 cars, of which 108 are not and 51.
108
blue. of the cars are not blue. 20. Prime, since the only factors of 17 are 1 and 17.
131

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

21. 1 ⋅ 42 = 42 18 18
32. =
2 ⋅ 21 = 42 23 23
3 ⋅ 14 = 42 18 and 23 have no common factors other than 1.
6 ⋅ 7 = 42
The factors of 42 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, and 42.
48 6 ⋅ 8 8
33. = = =8
6 6 ⋅1 1
22. 1 ⋅ 20 = 20
2 ⋅ 10 = 20
54 6 ⋅9 6

4 ⋅ 5 = 20 34. = = =6
The factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20. 9 1⋅9 1

17 8 inches 8 4⋅2 2
35. = = =

23. 2 34 12 inches 4 ⋅3 3
12
2 68 2
8 inches represents of a foot.
3
68 = 22 ⋅17
36. 15 − 6 = 9 cars are not white.
5
9 non-white cars 9 3⋅3 3
24. 3 15 = = =

15 total cars 15 3⋅5 5

3 45
3
2 90 of the cars are not white.
5
90 = 2 ⋅32 ⋅5
37. Not equivalent, since the cross products are not
157 equal: 34 ⋅ 4 = 136 and 14 ⋅ 10 = 140
25. 5 785
38. Equivalent, since the cross products are equal:
785 = 5 ⋅ 157 50 ⋅ 9 = 450 and 15 ⋅ 30 = 450
17 3 1 3 ⋅1 3
26. 5 85 39. ⋅ = =
5 2 5 ⋅ 2 10
3 255

255 = 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 17 6 5 6 ⋅5 6 ⋅5 5 5
40. ⋅ = = = =

7 12 7 ⋅12 7 ⋅6 ⋅2 7⋅2 14
12 3 ⋅ 4 3
27. = =
28 7 ⋅ 4 7 24 15 24 ⋅15 3 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅ 3
41. ⋅ = = = =9
5 8 5 ⋅8 5 ⋅8 1
15 3⋅5 5
28. = =
27 3 ⋅9 9 27 7 27 ⋅ 7 9⋅3⋅7 1
42. ⋅ = = =

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
25 25 ⋅1 1 21 18 21⋅18 7 ⋅3 ⋅9 ⋅ 2 2
29. = =
75 25 ⋅3 3
7 5 7 5 ⋅ 7 35 3
43. 5 ⋅ = ⋅ = = or 4
36 36 ⋅1 1 8 1 8 1⋅8 8 8
30. = =
72 36 ⋅ 2 2 5 6 5 6⋅5 6⋅5 5 5 1
44. 6 ⋅ = ⋅ = = = = or 2

12 1 12 1⋅12 1⋅ 6 ⋅ 2 1⋅ 2 2 2
29 29
31. =
32 32 39 7 5 39 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 5 3 ⋅13 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 5 5 2
29 and 32 have no common factors other than 1. 45. ⋅ ⋅ = = = or 1
3 13 21 3⋅13⋅ 21 3 ⋅13 ⋅ 7 ⋅3 3 3

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

42 15 7 42 ⋅15 ⋅ 7 1 1 19 3 1
46. ⋅ ⋅ = 50. 2 ⋅3 ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅
5 6 9 5 ⋅ 6 ⋅9 9 38 9 1 38
6 ⋅ 7⋅ 3⋅ 5 ⋅ 7 19 ⋅ 3 ⋅1
= =
5 ⋅ 6 ⋅3 ⋅3 9 ⋅1⋅ 38
7⋅ 7 19 ⋅ 3 ⋅1
= =
3 3⋅ 3⋅1⋅ 2 ⋅19
49 1 1
= or 16 =
3 3 3⋅1⋅ 2
1
=
5 1 13 16 6
47. Exact: 1 ⋅ 3 = ⋅
8 5 8 5
13 ⋅16 1 5 22 5 ⋅ 22 110 2
= 5⋅7 = ⋅ = = or 36
8 ⋅5 51. 3 1 3 1⋅3 3 3
13 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 2
= 110
8 ⋅5 A 5-ounce hamburger patty has or
3
13 ⋅ 2
= 2
5 36 grams of fat.
26 1 3
= or 5
5 5
3 45 3 45 ⋅ 3 135 3
5 1 52. 45 ⋅ = ⋅ = = or 33
Estimate: 1 rounds to 2, 3 rounds to 3. 4 1 4 1⋅ 4 4 4
8 5
135 3
2⋅3=6 The art teacher needs or 33 inches of
4 4
piping.
6 7 39 20
48. Exact: 3 ⋅1 = ⋅
11 13 11 13 7 7 17 7 ⋅17 119
1 39
39 ⋅ 20 53. ⋅2 = ⋅ = = or 1
= 10 8 10 8 10 ⋅8 80 80
11⋅13
119 39
13 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 20 The area is or 1 square inches.
= 80 80
11⋅13
3⋅ 20
=
7 55 5 55 ⋅ 5 275 3
11 54. 6 ⋅ 5 = ⋅ = = or 34
60 5 8 8 1 8 ⋅1 8 8
= or 5
11 11 275 3
The area is or 34 square meters.
6 7 8 8
Estimate: 3 rounds to 4, 1 rounds to 2.
11 13

4⋅2=8 7 1
55. The reciprocal of 7, or , is .
= 1
3 1 3 8 33 4 ⋅1⋅8 56. The reciprocal of
49. ⋅8 ⋅ 4 = ⋅ ⋅ 8
4 8 4 1 8
3 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 33

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Multiplying and
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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions
1 7

8
is or 8.
1
3 ⋅ 33 14 23
= 57. The reciprocal of is .
4 ⋅1 23 14
99 3
= or 24
4 4 17 5

58. The reciprocal of is .

5 17

3 3 3 8 3 ⋅8 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 2 2
59. ÷ = ⋅ = = = =2
4 8 4 3 4⋅3 4 ⋅3 1

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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Developmental
and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

21 7 21 5 1 341 31
60. ÷ = ⋅ 65. 341 ÷15 = ÷
4 5 4 7 2 1 2
21⋅ 5 341 2
= = ⋅
4⋅7 1 31
3 ⋅ 7⋅ 5 341⋅ 2
= =
4⋅7 1⋅31
3⋅5 11⋅ 31⋅ 2
= =
4 1⋅ 31
15 3 11⋅ 2
= or 3 =
4 4 1
= 22
5 5 2 5 1 5 ⋅1 5 We might expect the truck to travel 22 miles on
61. ÷2 = ÷ = ⋅ = = 1 gallon of gas.
3 3 1 3 2 3⋅ 2 6

5 ⋅8 5 ⋅8 1 21 5 21 1 21⋅1 21 1
62. 5 ÷
15
=
5 8
⋅ = = =
8 8
= or 2
2 66. 5 ÷5 = ÷ = ⋅ = = or 1
4 4 1 4 5 4 ⋅5 20 20
8 1 15 1⋅15 1⋅5 ⋅3 1⋅ 3 3 3
21 1
He walks or 1 miles each day.

3 2 27 9 20 20
63. 6 ÷1 = ÷
4 7 4 7
27 7 0
= ⋅ 67. is a proper fraction.
4 9 3
27 ⋅ 7
=

4 ⋅9 12
68. is an improper fraction.
3⋅9 ⋅7 12
=
4 ⋅9

3⋅7 6
= 69. 5 is a mixed number.
4 7
21 1
= or 5
4 4 13
70. is an improper fraction.
9
1 1 11 23
64. 5 ÷2 = ÷
2 11 2 11 31 R 1

11 11 71. 4 125
= ⋅
2 23 −12
11⋅11 05
= −4
2 ⋅ 23 1
121 29
= or 2 125 1
46 46 = 31
4 4

72.

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6
73. 9 54
−54
0
54
=6
9

10 17 ⋅ 5 + 10 95
5 = =
17 17 17

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Fractions

5 6 ⋅ 7 + 5 47 1 2 25 12
74. 7 = = 87. Exact: 4 ⋅ 2 = ⋅
6 6 6 6 5 6 5
25 ⋅12
=
75. Composite, since the factors of 27 are 1, 3, 9, 6 ⋅5
and 27. 5 ⋅5 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 2
=
6 ⋅5
76. Prime, since the only factors of 23 are 1 and 23.
5⋅2
=
5 1
= 10
77. 3 15
1
3 45 Estimate: 4 rounds to 4
6
2 90 2

2 180 2 rounds to 2
5
180 = 22 ⋅32 ⋅5 4⋅2=8

7 2 1 17 9
88. Exact: 5 ⋅ 2 = ⋅
78. 7 49 3 4 3 4
17 ⋅ 9
2 98 =
3⋅4
90 = 2 ⋅ 7 2 17 ⋅3⋅ 3
=
3⋅ 4
45 9 ⋅5 9 17 ⋅ 3
79. = = =
50 10 ⋅5 10 4
51 3
= or 12
30 6 ⋅ 5 5 4 4
80. = =
42 6 ⋅ 7 7 2
Estimate: 5 rounds to 6
3
140 14 ⋅10 14
81. = = 1
150 15 ⋅10 15 2 rounds to 2
4
6 ⋅ 2 = 12
84 28 ⋅ 3 3
82. = =
140 28 ⋅5 5 7 1 7 2 7⋅2 7
7 3 1
89. ÷1 = ÷ = ⋅ = = or 2
2 2 2 2 2 3 2 ⋅3 3 3
7 2 7⋅2 7⋅2 7 7
83. ⋅ = = = =
8 3 8 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 4 ⋅3 12 3 1 8 4 8 ⋅ 4 32 2
90. 1 ÷ = ⋅ = = or 6
5 4 5 1 5 ⋅1 5 5
6 5 6 ⋅5 2 ⋅ 3⋅5 1
84. ⋅ = = =
15 8 15 ⋅8 3⋅5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 4 4 1 4 11 81 11⋅81 81 1
91. 5 ⋅ 7 = ⋅ = = or 40
2 11 2 11 2 ⋅11 2 2
18 2 18 5 18 ⋅ 5 2 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 5 9
85. ÷ = ⋅ = = = =9 81 1
5 5 5 2 5⋅ 2 5⋅ 2 1 The area is or 40 square feet.
2 2

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Fractions

9 1 9 3 9 ⋅ 3 27 1
86. ÷ = ⋅ = = or 13 1 1 47 61 47 2 47 ⋅ 2 47

2 3 2 1 2 ⋅1 2 2 92. 23 ÷ 30 = ÷ = ⋅ = =
2 2 2 2 2 61 2 ⋅ 61 61

47
This is inch of rain per 1 hour.
61

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Fractions

Chapter 2 Test 11
12. 5 55
7 3 165
1. 7 of the 16 equal parts are shaded:
16
3 495

2. Each part is
1
of a whole and 13 parts are 495 = 32 ⋅ 5 ⋅11
5
13 4 3 4 4 4⋅4 4 1
shaded: 13. ÷ = ⋅ = = or 1
5 4 4 4 3 4⋅3 3 3

2 3 ⋅ 7 + 2 23 4 4 4 ⋅4 4 1
3. 7 = = 14. ⋅ = = or 1
3 3 3 3 4 3⋅ 4 3 3

6 11⋅ 3 + 6 39 1 2 1 2 ⋅1 2 ⋅1 1
4. 3 = = 15. 2 ⋅ = ⋅ = = =
11 11 11 8 1 8 1⋅8 1⋅ 2 ⋅ 4 4

4 R3 2 8 2 ⋅ 8 16
16. ⋅ = =

5. 5 23 3 15 3⋅15 45
20
3 1 8 2 8⋅2
23 3 17. 8 ÷ = ⋅ = = 16
=4 2 1 1 1⋅1
5 5
1 27 3
18 R 3 18. 13 ÷ 3 = ÷
2 2 1
6. 4 75 27 1
−4 = ⋅
35 2 3
−32 27 ⋅1
=
3 2 ⋅3
3⋅ 9⋅1
75 3 =
= 18 2 ⋅3
4 4 9 1
= or 4
24 6⋅4 4 2 2
7. = =
210 6 ⋅35 35 3 16 4 3⋅16 ⋅ 4 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅8 ⋅ 4 4
19. ⋅ ⋅ = = =
8 6 11 8 ⋅ 6 ⋅11 8 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅11 11
42 14 ⋅ 3 3
8. = =
70 14 ⋅5 5 1 7 21 12 21⋅12 3 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 3 ⋅ 3
20. 5 ÷ = ⋅ = = = =9
9. Not equivalent, since the cross products are not 4 12 4 7 4⋅7 4⋅7 1
equal: 7 ⋅ 8 = 56 and 11 ⋅ 5 = 55.
16 3 16 12
21. ÷ = ⋅
10. Equivalent, since the cross products are equal: 27 ⋅ 14 = 378 and 63 ⋅ 6 = 378.

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Fractions
3 12 3 3
7 16 ⋅12
=
3 ⋅3
16 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4
=
11. 3 21 3 ⋅3
2 42 16 ⋅ 4
=
2 84 3
64 1
= or 21
84 = 2 2 ⋅3 ⋅ 7 3 3

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1 3 10 27 3 258 43
22. 3 ⋅ 6 = ⋅ 26. 258 ÷10 = ÷
3 4 3 4 4 1 4
10 ⋅ 27 258 4
= = ⋅
3⋅4 1 43
2⋅5⋅3⋅9 258 ⋅ 4
= =
3⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 1⋅ 43
5⋅9 43 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 4
= =
2 1⋅ 43
45 1 24
= or 22 =
2 2 1
= 24
1 12 10 We expect the car to travel 24 miles on 1 gallon
12 ÷ 3 = ÷ of gas.
23. 3 1 3
12 3
= ⋅ 1 100 160
1 10 27. 100 ⋅53 = ⋅
12 ⋅ 3 3 1 3
= 100 ⋅160
1⋅10 =
2 ⋅ 6⋅ 3 1⋅3
= 16, 000 1
1⋅ 2 ⋅5 = or 5333
6⋅ 3 3 3
= 1
1⋅5 16, 000 or 5333 square yards of artificial turf
18 3 3
= or 3 3
5 5 are necessary to cover the football field.

14 25 14 25 2 3 120 3 120 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅ 30 ⋅ 3 30 ⋅ 3
24. ⋅ ⋅2 = ⋅ ⋅ 28. 120 ⋅ = ⋅ = = = = 90
5 21 5 21 1 4 1 4 1⋅ 4 1⋅ 4 1
14 ⋅ 25 ⋅ 2 The stock sold for $90 per share after the oil
=
5 ⋅ 21⋅1 spill.
2 ⋅ 7⋅ 5 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 2
= Cumulative Review Chapters 1−2
5 ⋅3 ⋅ 7 ⋅1
2⋅5⋅2
= 1. The place value of the 3 in 396,418 is hundred-
3 ⋅1 thousands.
20 2
= or 6
3 3 2. 2036 is written as two thousand, thirty-six.

2 8 2 17 2 ⋅17 34 7 3. Eight hundred five in standard form is 805.

25. ⋅1 = ⋅ = = or 1
3 9 3 9 3 ⋅9 27 27 2
34 7 4. 7
The area is or 1 square miles. 6
27 27
10
3
+5
31

11 1
5. 34, 285
+ 149, 761
184, 046

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1 71
6. 56 75
18
+ 43 + 185
117 331
39 The total number of threatened mammal
3 117 species for these three countries is 331.
−9
27 25 R 5
−27 14. 8 205
0 −16
The average is 39. 45
−40
1 5
7. 2 205 ÷ 8 = 25 R 5
3
1 15. To round 568 to the nearest ten, observe that the
3 digit in the ones place is 8. Since this digit is at
+4
least 5, we add 1 to the tens place. The number
13 568 rounded to the tens place is 570.
The perimeter is 13 inches.
16. To round 2366 to the nearest hundred, observe
8. 25 that the digit in the tens place is 6. Since this
−8
digit is at least 5, we add 1 to the hundreds place.
17 The number 2366 rounded to the nearest
hundred is 2400.
9. 12, 734, 424
+ 1, 705, 636 17. 4725 rounds to 4700

14, 440, 060 − 2879 rounds to − 2900

The total number of passenger vehicles sold in 1800

the United States in 2012 was 14,440,060. The estimated difference is 1800.

10. 25 = 5, since 5 ⋅ 5 = 25. 2

18. 38 rounds to 40
11. 7826 43 rounds to 40
− 505 126 rounds to 130

7321 + 92 rounds to + 90
Check: 7321 300
+ 505

7826 The estimated sum is 300.

19. a. 6×1=6
12. 82 = 8 ⋅8 = 64
b. 0(8) = 0
13. a. The country with the greatest number of number of threatened mammal species for
threatened mammal species is Indonesia. Indonesia is 185.

b. The number of threatened mammal species

for Malaysia is 71, the number of threatened
mammal species for China is 75, and the

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c. 1 ⋅ 45 = 45

d. (75)(0) = 0

20. 30 ÷ 3 ⋅ 2 = 10 ⋅ 2 = 20

21. a. 3(4 + 5) = 3 ⋅ 4 + 3 ⋅ 5

b. 10(6 + 8) = 10 ⋅ 6 + 10 ⋅ 8

c. 2(7 + 3) = 2 ⋅ 7 + 2 ⋅ 3

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Fractions

22. 12 28. 9
× 15 ×7
60 63
120 The product of 9 and 7 is 63.
180
29. 30
0 × 20
23. a. 9 0 0
−0 600
0 600

Check: 0 ⋅ 9 = 0 40
15 600
b. 0 ÷ 12 = 0 −60
Check: 0 ⋅ 12 = 0 00
−0
0
0
c. =0 The new length of the garden is 40 ft.
5
Check: 0 ⋅ 5 = 0 1
30. 9
3 +7
d. is undefined. 16
0
The sum of 9 and 7 is 16.
24. Area = length ⋅ width
= 7 ⋅ 22 31. 7 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 7 = 7
3
= 154 square miles
The area is 154 square miles.. 4
32. 7 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 7 ⋅ 7 = 7
208

25. 9 1872 33. 3 ⋅3⋅ 3⋅3 ⋅17 ⋅17 ⋅17 = 34 ⋅173

−18
07 34. 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3⋅ 3⋅3 = 22 ⋅34
−0

72 35. 2 ⋅ 4 − 3 ÷ 3 = 8 − 3 ÷ 3 = 8 − 1 = 7
−72

0
36. 8 ⋅ 100 − 42 ⋅5 = 8 ⋅10 − 42 ⋅5
Check: 208 = 80 −16 ⋅ 5
× 9 = 80 − 80
1872 =0

26. 5000 2
− 986 37. 2 of the 5 equal parts are shaded:
5
4014
13
12 nd
1 will receive 12 download cards. There will be
27. 19 238 10
0 download cards left over.
−19
Ea
48 ch
−38 frie

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and Dividing
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Fractions
38. 3 39
2 78
2 156

156 = 22 ⋅3 ⋅13

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Dividing Fractions ChapterISM:
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and Dividing
Mathematics
Fractions

2 9 ⋅ 4 + 2 38 2 2 4 2 ⋅4 8 2
39. a. 4 = = 46. ⋅4 = ⋅ = = or 2
9 9 9 3 3 1 3 ⋅1 3 3

8 11⋅1 + 8 19 1 3
b. 1 = = 47. The reciprocal of is or 3.
11 11 11 3 1

4 5⋅7 + 4 39 9 1
40. 7 = = 48. The reciprocal of 9, or , is .

5 5 5 9 1
41. 1 ⋅ 20 = 20 5 3 5 4 5⋅ 4 5⋅ 4 5 5
2 ⋅ 10 = 20 49. ÷ = ⋅ = = = =
16 4 16 3 16 ⋅3 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 3 4 ⋅3 12
4 ⋅ 5 = 20
The factors of 20 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20. 1 3 11 28
50. 1 ÷5 = ÷
42. Equivalent, since the cross products are equal: 10 5 10 5
11 5
20 ⋅ 14 = 280 and 35 ⋅ 8 = 280. = ⋅
10 28
11⋅ 5
42 6 ⋅ 7 7 =
43. = = 10 ⋅ 28
66 6 ⋅11 11 11⋅ 5
=
70 35 ⋅ 2 2 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 28
44. = =
11
105 35 ⋅3 3 =
2 ⋅ 28
11
1 7 10 7 =
45. 3 ⋅ = ⋅ 56
3 8 3 8
10 ⋅ 7
=
3 ⋅8
2⋅5⋅7
=
3⋅2 ⋅4
5⋅7
=
3⋅4
35 11
= or 2
12 12

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