Cognitive Sciences 2nd Edition Sobel

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Sobel,
The
Instructor
Cognitive
Resource
Sciences
2e

1. In 1956, a computer program was developed to prove theorems of

logic. This program was called:

*a. Logic Theorist.

b. General Problem Solver.
c. DENDRAL.
d. MYCIN.

2. The first computer to ever beat a world chess champion in a chess

match was called:

a. Chess Master.
b. Watson.
c. Deep Space.
*d. Deep Blue.

3. The first computer to ever beat two Jeopardy! champions in a

televised game was called:

a. Game Master.
*b. Watson.
c. Deep Space.
d. Deep Blue.

4. Which computer program was the first to be able to solve the "Tower
of Hanoi" problem?

a. Logic Theorist
*b. General Problem Solver
c. DENDRAL
d. MYCIN

5. Which computer program utilizes a "problem space" and an "initial

state"?

a. Logic Theorist
*b. General Problem Solver
c. DENDRAL
d. MYCIN
6. What was the first AI program that stressed specialized knowledge
rather than general problem solving?

a. Logic Theorist
b. General Problem Solver
*c. DENDRAL
d. MYCIN

7. DENDRAL is an expert system whose domain of expertise is:

a. diagnostic medicine.
b. games.
c. forensic anthropology.
*d. organic chemistry.

8. MYCIN is an expert system whose domain of expertise is:

*a. diagnostic medicine.

b. games.
c. forensic anthropology.
d. organic chemistry.

9. Deep Blue is an expert system whose domain of expertise is:

a. diagnostic medicine.
*b. games.
c. forensic anthropology.
d. organic chemistry.

10. Soar is a program that creates its own if-then rules in a process
called:

a. saving.
*b. chunking.
c. solving.
d. cogitating.

11. Machine translation of English to another language must consider

that English is a(n):

a. SOV language.
*b. SVO language.
c. VOS language.
d. VSO language.

12. ELIZA is an example of a __________ program.

*a. natural language processing

 b. problem solving
c. expert systems
d. robotics

13. In an artificial neural net, the probability that a link will

conduct is called its:

a. functional degeneration.
*b. conductance.
c. perceptron.
d. learning potential.

14. Which of the following is NOT a current application of machine

vision?

a. Google Goggles
b. enhanced reality visualization
c. military armored vehicles
*d. underground irrigation systems

15. The top-down approach to developing machine intelligence starts

with:

a. emergent properties.
b. nonadditive properties.
c. simple behaviors.
*d. a design.

16. The bottom-up approach to developing machine intelligence starts

with:

a. emergent properties.
b. nonadditive properties.
*c. simple behaviors.
d. a design.

17. Some robots are designed to focus on behaviors that are deemed to
be more important than other behaviors. This style of programming is
called _______ architecture.

a. parallel
b. autonomous
*c. subsumption
d. nonadditive

18. Which of the following robots was designed to respond to and

express emotions?
 a. Project Ant
b. Project Cog
c. Project Domo
*d. Project Kismet

19. Which of the following robots was made to look most like a human?

a. Kismet
b. Nexi
*c. Repliee
d. Domo

20. Which of the following robots is NOT an upper torso only humanoid
robot?

*a. Repliee
b. Kismet
c. Domo
d. Cog

21. TRUE or FALSE. In terms of human knowledge, "frames" refer to the

same thing as "scripts."

*a. True
b. False

22. TRUE or FALSE. SAM was a computer program that could read stories
based on scripts.

*a. True
b. False

23. TRUE or FALSE. Neuron is to synapse as node is to input and output

links.

*a. True
b. False

24. TRUE or FALSE. The Mark I perceptron can distinguish letters of the
alphabet.

*a. True
b. False

25. TRUE or FALSE. Mobile Dexterous Social Robots, or MDS, are small,
about the size of a 3-year-old child.
 *a. True
b. False

26. TRUE or FALSE. The human brain must have repetition in order to
learn.

a. True
*b. False

27. TRUE or FALSE. Watson, the computer program which won a Jeopardy!
game against two champion players, did so by its use of human speech
recognition.

a. True
*b. False

28. TRUE or FALSE. Project Ant was designed to be a robot that could
potentially help a disabled person.

a. True
*b. False

29. TRUE or FALSE. In the Chinese Room argument, the man in the room
with the Chinese symbols needs to be able to correctly answer the
questions and to understand the answers.

a. True
*b. False

30. TRUE or FALSE. While learning to speak English, children go through

a stage wherein they make mistakes with the past tense of irregular
verbs. However, neural networks learning English can avoid these same
mistakes.

a. True
*b. False

31. Name the two basic parts of an expert system.

Correct Answer:
knowledge base and engine (a.k.a. "inference mechanism")

32. What is the name for a thinking strategy that employs a "rule of
thumb"?

Correct Answer:
heuristic
33. In humans, what is the name of the sense that depends on our
largely unconscious perception of the position and movement of our body
and our limbs?

Correct Answer:
proprioception