Test Bank for Larsen’s Human Embryology, 5th Edition, Gary Schoenwolf, Steven Bleyl, Phili

Test Bank for Larsen’s Human Embryology, 5th

Edition, Gary Schoenwolf, Steven Bleyl, Philip Brauer
Philippa Francis-West

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Schoenwolf et al.: Larsen's Human Embryology, 5th Edition
Chapter 7: Development of the Skin and Its Derivatives

Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The skin consists of several definitive layers. Which layer contains the proliferating cells that
replenish the skin throughout life?
A. Stratum granulosum
B. Stratum corneum
C. Stratum germinativum
D. Stratum spinosum
E. Periderm

ANS: C

2. The skin consists of several definitive layers that are characterized by the differential
expression of different types of keratin involved in the maturation and differentiation of the
skin. In which layer are the keratins K5 and K14 found?
A. Stratum granulosum
B. Stratum corneum
C. Stratum germinativum
D. Stratum spinosum
E. Periderm

ANS: C

3. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia can be life threatening due to a child’s inability to

thermoregulate, which can result in hyperpyrexia or hyperthermia. The gene mutations
causing this syndrome have now been identified. Which signaling pathway is affected?
A. WNT
B. EDA/EDAR (TNF family)
C. SHH
D. FGF
E. BMP

ANS: B

4. During which month do odontoblasts of the developing teeth start to produce predentin,
which will then calcify to form dentin?
A. 2nd
B. 3rd
C. 4th

Copyright © 2015, 2009 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 7-2

D. 5th
E. 7th

ANS: E

5. During embryonic development, both primary and secondary teeth develop, but the
secondary teeth arrest their development. Growth and further development of the secondary
teeth is later reinitiated during childhood. At what stage of tooth development are the
secondary teeth arrested?
A. Bud stage
B. Cap stage
C. Bell stage

ANS: C

6. During development, the keratinocytes of the various skin layers express different keratins
and other intracellular proteins involved in the maturation of the skin.
TRANSGLUTAMINASE 1 is one such protein. What is the human syndrome that can be
caused by mutations in TRANSGLUTAMINASE 1?
A. Dowling-Meara EBS
B. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa
C. Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
D. Lamellar ichthyosis
E. Incontinentia pigmenti
F. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

ANS: D

7. In X-linked syndromes, the loss of normal gene function in some of the skin progenitors can
follow the lines of Blaschko. In which of the following syndromes would you expect this to
occur?
A. Dowling-Meara EBS
B. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa
C. Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
D. Lamellar ichthyosis
E. Incontinentia pigmenti
F. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

ANS: D

8. Postnatally, hair is continually lost and replaced. In which region of the hair are the
progenitors of the new hair cells located?
A. Inner root sheath
B. Bulge
C. Outer root sheath
D. Hair matrix

Copyright © 2015, 2009 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 7-3

ANS: B

9. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma or Gorlin syndrome predisposes individuals to basal cell
carcinomas and is due to increased activity in a signaling pathway. Which signaling pathway
is activated and which component of the pathway is usually mutated?
A. WNT, BETA-CATENIN
B. NOTCH, HES1
C. SHH, PTC1
D. BMP, NOGGIN

ANS: C

10. P63 (also known as TUMOR PROTEIN P73-LIKE [TP73L]) mutations affect development
of the skin in a spectrum of syndromes that include ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia-cleft
lip/palate. Which cell layer of the skin expresses P63?
A. Stratum granulosum
B. Stratum corneum
C. Stratum germinativum
D. Stratum spinosum

ANS: C

11. Vitamin A deficiency affects the development of the teeth. Which cell type and which
structure is usually affected?
A. Ameloblasts producing the enamel
B. Odontoblasts producing the dentin
C. Inner cells of dental papillae, which give rise to the tooth pulp
D. Cells of the enamel knot that determine cusp number
E. Cementoblasts producing cementum in the root

ANS: A

12. Mutations in the gene encoding the RUNX2 transcription factor result in cleidocranial
dysplasia and also affect tooth development, causing which condition?
A. Hypodontia
B. Oligodontia
C. Dentinogenesis imperfecta
D. Amelogenesis imperfecta
E. Hyperdontia

ANS: E

13. You suspect that a child may have Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. His symptoms include elastic
hyperextensible skin, bruises, and atrophic scarring. The child is also double-jointed. If the
diagnosis is correct, what cardiac abnormalities would you anticipate are also present?

Copyright © 2015, 2009 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 7-4

A. Dilation of the aortic root

B. Shortening of the outflow tract
C. Abnormal differentiation of the myocardium
D. Defective formation of the cardiac valves
E. Abnormal remodeling of the aortic arches

ANS: A

14. Which phase of hair cell growth is the resting phase?

A. Anagen
B. Catagen
C. Exogen
D. Telogen

ANS: D

15. Sweat glands use which mechanism of secretion?

A. Apocrine
B. Eccrine
C. Holocrine

ANS: B

16. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa is due to a mutation in which gene?

A. KRT5
B. PLAKOPHILIN
C. DESMOGLEIN 1
D. LAMININ BETA3
E. KRT3

ANS: D

17. Shh signaling is important for the development of the skin and many of its appendages. What
is the main cellular mechanism by which Shh controls development of the ectodermal
appendages?
A. Cell survival
B. Cell proliferation
C. Cell adhesion

ANS: B

18. What stage of hair development is affected in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

A. Placode or hair germ
B. Hair peg
C. Bulbous hair peg
D. Keratinization of the hair shaft

Copyright © 2015, 2009 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank for Larsen’s Human Embryology, 5th Edition, Gary Schoenwolf, Steven Bleyl, Phili

Test Bank 7-5

E. Loss of the epithelial strand between the bulge and dermal papillae

ANS: A

19. FOXN1 mutations in humans and mice result in the loss of hair. What stage of hair
development is affected?
A. Placode or hair germ
B. Hair peg
C. Bulbous hair peg
D. Keratinization of the hair shaft
E. Loss of the epithelial strand between the bulge and dermal papillae

ANS: D

Copyright © 2015, 2009 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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