Anthropology Model Answers

Handwritten in Time-Limit: Scattered Topics

by
Narayan Amit
(AIR 70 CSE 2021)
166+140=306(Highest)

1
 My thoughts on Answer Writting
Getting 306 in Anthropology is the 'single reason' for me getting this rank. Always try to
attempt 500/500 marks but don’t BLUFF. There is huge difference between bluffing &
writing broadly. In addition, don't take any gamble in initial few questions as it can cost
you heavily if the examiner develops a negative mindset. Now about the topic in hand:
1. Time-limit for various questions: 10M7min; 15M10min and 20M14min. By
this logic 6min would be left over which can be utilized for question selection.
Actually completing 20M on time is very easy so would do them initially as writing
speed would be slow and 10M are toughest so I would do them at last. The
answers given below were written by me within these time limits only.
2. Attempt more questions from Theory, Fossil, Primates and Archaeology which are
more scoring than Physical/Social. Since my syllabus was complete I could pick.
3. Add more unique things to each answer. What I mean is that in each answer I wrote
3-4 things which would always stand out. It could be an application of concept,
case study, good example, personal example, topic specific thinker, diagram,
flowchart, scholar, book, theoretical dimension, interconnection of topics,
contemporary relevance, current affairs, etc. All need not be there in every answer
but 3-4 things give edge. If you miss adding any of above mentioned things(3-6
things in each answer) than you will lose marks heavily.
4. Mention more diversified sources in your answers irrespective of whether you
have read them or not such as Ember & Ember, MoTA Report, EPW, Down to Earth,
DK Bhattacharya Videos, BD Sharma Letters, Peoples of India, Examples of Civil
Servants(OP Choudhary), Abhay Bang Report, NCST Report, Idate Commission
Report, etc. Ex: In 1 answer, I had specifically mentioned that I had taken the
content from ‘epg-pathshala’ course of DK Bhattacharya sir.
5. As Shubham Sir has already said: “Innovation & Uniqueness is highly rewarded in UPSC as
it differentiates your answers from others. Write like an Anthropologist”. We need more
Anthropologists in bureaucracy. This is called 'Administrative' dimension. Ex: Shubham Sir
said, “Show your understanding through better analysis- I used to write ‘As a student of
anthropology I also observe..”. The more you innovate the more your originality is
showcased. Also there is no set standard paradigm in Anthropology unlike
History/Sociology so you can add your own flair and interpretation without fear.
6. My answers were dense & data rich. My opinion is that even if demand is ‘slightly off’(only
slightly) still marks are given. Actually if revision is done before hand and all the facts are
memorized then writing paper is relatively easy. I didn’t find much stress in writing Paper
1 in which I got 166/250. I had whiteboard at home on which I would scribble main points.

2
Index
CONTENT PAGE NO
All the Best!!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relation of Anthropology with Social Sciences 6
Cultural Relativism vs Human Rights 9
Social Structure 12
Status and Role 14
Marriage Payments 17
Secondary Marriage 20
Himalayan Polyandry 22
Double Descent 24
Phratry and Moeity 26
Anthropological Approaches to Religion 28
Totemism 32
Shamanism in different societies 34
Neo-Evolutionism & VG Childe 37
Leslie White’s Theory 40
Marshall Sahlins and Elmann Service 42
Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz 44
Clifford Geertz Balinese Cockfight 47
Cognitive Anthropology 51
Socio-Linguistics 54
Case Study Method 56
Non-Verbal Communication 58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indian Paleolithic 60
Sohan Culture 64
Madrasian Culture 66
European and Indian Mesolithic 68
Sarai Nahar Rai 75

3
Neolithic of India + Burzahom 77
Neolithic of North-East India 81
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Origin of Primates 83
Effect of Mutation 85
Effect of Migration 87
Lethal Gene 89
Hardy-Weinberg Law 91
Genetic Polymorphism 93
Turner’s Syndrome 96
Rh Blood Groups 98
Race Formation? Role of heredity and environment 100
Morphological Criteria for Race Classification 102
Ecological Anthropology and its Approaches 105
Human Adaptation with special reference to Altitude 108
Methods of Studying Growth 112
Somatotype and Anthropometry of Sports 115
Methods of Somatotyping apart from Sheldon 119
Fecundity and factors affecting it 121
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dryopithecus 124
Sivapithecus 126
Gigantopithecus 129
Siwalik Fossils 131
Cultural features of Australopithecines 134
A. africanus vs A. robustus 136
H. habilus 137
Rhodesian Man 139
Neanderthal Man 141
History of Human Populations in South Asia 144
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Criteria of Civilization 147

4
Contribution of Tribal Cultures to Indian Civilization 149
Ethnoarchaeology 152
BS Guha Classification 154
Negrito Debate in India 156
Tibeto-Burmese and Indo-Aryan Language Families 159
NPP, 2000 163
Basis of Indian Social System and changes in it 167
Louis Dumont on Caste 170
Jajmani System 172
Tribe-Caste Continnum 176
Different Forms of Dalit Assertion 178
Significance of Religious Centres to study India 180
Cultural Pluralism 184
NK Bose 186
Haimmendorf 188
Interplay of Modernity and Tradition in India 190
Processes of Social Change in Contemporary India 192
Relevance of Sanskritization 195
Impact of PRI on Tribals 199
Impact of PRI on Villages 202
Concept of Ethnicity 205
History of Tribal Development in India with suggestions 207
Anthropological understanding of Regionalism 211

5
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(c) Secondary nlanragc

An M C*^.,t^'O?P A q
crns a oe
rS
or rS t nvr
cr.,/r,u C\3 t-
b^.
3 econ dcrn'1
L-

i rcrll t Cor0 tTlJ)-

o Lev

o F
c,ro n\ caY- So r o roJ-.t-
Le v iro'Jr
I
i

--_- -(t ene CnorrlnrCrqe^ I^''el-5

- \.
ic'. th e
A1" o.^\-
t
(On h'o- re.Lajri<-tn
"uP:
t^c,t fi^'ch}r t Ob\i5 caht"4 le
\ne. b).icte q'r.r- A b-(n --<i rn3,.:p O\n e-
g+i \\ hronr>u(e&
\n cooe t! \f' v ir olf,-' t\-.ef e
- IS
rrcrt ec-hcn *-. -t\n Lx>tdow o\
d eo*tn ,t l^'et h.rs bo..^-d \n Ssro:tr-
it ? YS\ \ cl.Jvrt*\Ne ( c.t o.r.,nc e
+.s-/
hr.rgb {-., Kq{e
ChrLcke.,^rr o-",.^.cl-
ge !a t!^re b E! ae - Pn'ce h e-
ac
1sc,.,.'{
(>ro \-€Jf olso occurs
O.l e *_o \SCry..ene.|'2
Cu\"-d Cr-r..na \eo-ct -to
S orord .}o1
75sc\7 -
l_-.

20
38
 t\
'\{ Lcvirwtf -* uo' o+ SucLo*a LzA^'
h Do not
ito qnt rr.ritc
)l
rhir
So rorG.l; :> -Ili n g'r* o+ A I..ro1. q.. !n]thing io
this nrrgin

tlowren - tt.-l o er\ Mcu\r!r' c.q €.

€\rct\ <ocre-ln'ea tlae i qurfi

As ,r<

obt. $c,.*'orc o n\7 Y* tt^.ro.,Sh

ur idOtr*t n.otlqea
th.C l-rtle -Iin. .
.4.
r\s $ c e/f,
cp',\.other \-do rY-\e r\ olr^cl
e.

her Pr @3f\o\r^tJ b1 a' relct-lnvc/+;. ^{

b n.Ae fk'e C\rt\cro-u
qe-f -Hn e-
f\o.r<-e o+
w idout '
E^r j A aa,..,n"^.de
o+ Sud''cr-,n

cr$ e-
6 host
o the< c \cse \ain o
+ cle-a
tt,e r'^r,dOr^r
h.: sbO-.cIte r''. sC r'c''q^^^'eD
1-Ct'Itoe o-$ th e'
tt\e
r\1x ecr q s-t.{
Qhost V^"aC^:o"t,tt
uions { a
F*: B',rr"sh Co\urr\ bj
s .-rdor' .fr| djed
Nu gr'- o {- sc tqEI)
Ctr evo""
cr ClIo,^, tcrroo
t Se.
e-Y o t
+-r'qh'!'
49
9( O\rl.l 5q,+,'d->
4
_-.
I -_--.*--.-.

21
5V
 (rJb^"Y
4u NL^ r) L2A*'

(d) tlimalayan PolYandry

&a ,*"
vuLW
f
o{ sxlnn+qft-
a.

Po\'1
t3 a {Dr.' -ts ieJ
n 19 FOo-r$
(>n e- Lr-:o noe
g-rl-.

e verl o-t nn en '

r?t I
i

fc.rnt\i ^J. i

f.ole nr dI I
Nr-^n-F<o'+ewol.
ale- >LPr'tk'i c> I
I

'&
I

>Th os\r^r. & ->1t.ebcr, -$c\e S,l,H.

J +a
e fe-tc.r-*" d inou ^*rt*t' {ar-r\V
I ec, c\^. othe-r
VD gcr 6V. oUnc^
-T ib e+an
E^ trhooa o| E;t: NCLI Y- !5:
\
Lftta."crtu'a..l o L
{ l..Lcr.- ara"'a o-->
.-T t.,|.ololocr-r a| Yo\:oorr-
B N i-t x \ar"{ I

L cu)se s>
eN\.,j d.se lro SeogqoPln.'-U+
Less Prot
\€-e-
ygd.l>cf€ ' e 6 $rglther-s <Y\o-Ae U.r
fo orwoid c'ts't v {= a1scentcx*rcr^ .

JI
C et * Po\ 1cr"." dr{ \.\ th e tghotal
Ut\-cnoq\cb4ro )1 S\_.r.f-t e
d Frg
DSr t..rc\ucrclc,;r i-r \q 6)- He sc.ir ct

22
40
\l
fi. rrr
' Unai b ro'the r: N^o^\ sing\e u.b'...eil2Ar,
U)t o COrne-,> O\^.^-el
I)o nor
frw ea \.$ i tV- tlrs nn wrilc
ci c \ {r cr-r\ xnything in

Qv ur-tn C Q-\rei,^ (\nsfF}. this mrrgin

t
r
I

- s.nc^Jrrrr. *\- i (.\^6fC Lrs'rweA

I Orrre

bro" gtt icr'-thc l6 it tg c oJlr- d

Po\Y tgna""d-.l1 I (: rr: Ncr..n'..1.'o \_Q

D FEc^*c*etl

A \Jc-^ -
F.c'.-*c.uat-

o -==:: A -=-..--- O Grot,g

o h.LcA ^)cv

)
Fia I \
/ concePL
,t- i1^ \cY\Oaa-a tl.e fe- \c
.tr-t-e
"+
(rY\ e^er 6
?c,.^" $ * tr,^Yad \"'
r.1.rete-^
*'.--oA
ehe 13 rCt
o he
9porr 9e L.}) Y.e c- -'\r-b CV\oo:e
s€ I \:\ e t<-e
r)\^en Sh.e ts
\
hou
tJs Y!{r $.)
b.tt
COrrt.
) hcl.) ,e 9k
\o c\ -\ c.l':l'-9 ci ''+ 04
&a) w^ c crjr.}a

A\. 9q(er\G )
+\ c,.I r.no( r-,!.e5 {"ry F>rr*t-trJ
or$-"
(or'orn cr' Ye
r(\ H t, (' f--bcz
t O th.e r
i.{ s 6n-1":oll^
e te- ob-
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I
i, c\,-d gr< o
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a\^-@
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t-*'" ,9 I
Ccr"r.z",. U
23
41
 L2L'," TI,

t0
t:..-
(b) Doublc descent s -&t-.cr--L-

a ct) t
")L rt\)( a-t ?
Des ere.nt
Er.) (r\ {ch. G-'a
o+
(J (^.n e ct or\ e €' e,
eg$ffte A CO.ccro
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be,.ed on
iri",.d) d eacen k
6'Jb\ e, DgD'-e
Ct
i d''-rof icr he.,rrt<
a\ d-] v
TS tDl'.e (}a,a f
-Chcl"lctct ers frocn
- tn ( [cr1>ptn]
o.n,..t}. t-h\ e-
Crc>e.

th...e rflC-.tl *rUc.c

Lodx
t\ \i (\e-.

a o a

,"*
Cr

x
(w \ t F-l'. Biti.. "o \ Dea<-e+&

f-*' Yc,.Y Jr. i\ " of eaat

s:i3er,.r'ar
e,,i+s wroJ g4t -J t"o e cr.-&ln t--s rr^
ol +'{i ne o.r.l d f-N; c,.-A (--o.-.r..
t n-C(Jr r.rUc.e
?rA \, or.clo.," c9+ A$cc- Grc* q-t c"r\r\c.l\

E
24
36
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26
27
28
29
30
31
 L2A*
l0 (a
o$ tol
a
(rl) Totemism
theot R e.!.r'
tr
f_r

A
(
9()C'o
n clno "J
4.( ;Le )o rtrhetcn t\

o ded
b3
o \J
{-.""D
oI Pe-!-^'6.tv,,'.
r€ Ef,cr\'€n rr'Nl
),
rit e [eri-)
6o crelr3 i < oblecf
{{ rs PFr' ct-t"^ tr-r
o! €ocr 'oI Lea.tl o+ Ll.)Cl'(sVvlP (r
-Iot-er"t rrb.cd brinss
( 'aaJ
t! c(e ., O.-o-Lt-'
r
obou v soc-^
-l-

(r,r.--.'do^B in ltoot' \

s CLo-"' t..t'cmSc'>
N^
{

ci.ont Ei\\lcak Ck o.^o c\e gls u tdJ'-'-1 a

{' Tot ean eY o{ idt
\> \o,,.,^! /o''''c'
d- r'\'J .1, -f6tcwr
,V.-"
-tv'c* c\oA
e \-<-
U
\ncr^ reft"lz"'w'f o -.t

Sqc rad SPace t-r.r t t\o

h.
9-
$<icrod
'1
-f-1 foten^ r5 +\a3 1c
C,\^ct iouf d&
tu de U,ith s, 6v
ot-em Lh.e c-Lo.r)
----4
Io
10

1--s

32
10
 I)<; nrrt
fase e+rcl, . A .o..to T'=
tea '{ L2A'" Do no(

gsaui e J bU DorkXc
\\illl \ fltc
in
{fl:Jlhing
1;pJ-r'o
C ent.roj
tr
this margin

-1ot ec'o \S fv\ gtr.ee ac c . {u hion

thr n61g1,
'
\
nco rY.vC so'.
ey fY-osL
-1Vocx:! e \rr
-_) h\/$.e6cn - -
Tote rngr..
t{'
.Nu,) -f oda ! B;(l.or a}so ttltstr
E"(
LP*r-6)
c\ s I- )
S
qc-id +f'oJ Ats cq.
Qoda-rlfc- Evo.r:"" a-otz-^r^.
uxt'(<!\
.J 6!e $
T oterr\ t-.Ot c'J. (e c-t reoH d-t
I
\cjctn
-t is 6o-oe o$ cc'
ea@1 ' J.Y
.:\a,-h'a- o ! cr-ct
P"F
gor'J *'.o* N dr'd {u
! E+( d}) !5 .. c-t
qh oc\oSt c cJ {.,
Lev' -
n c co ur\
t {* P
E
\t N.ot-!} crO$r
A<-\
eY?L cr-rr"..d
O! rerr'7ian n (})e her O letne
cl

t+ ,.,.oth"o3
qocr.d o..boJL
thc (e -\ 'r( g c..P \e- c o/o q-
d
lo €f'n Ot"^
(-r.tr.- c ore id ereo$
t"l \\e c,c,.i J'
L'a-r'"
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Totcrn oJ>
(} use+-! LV'e or9
."r r5 rj'\),
r-e).,t- o.^ o! S','nqtr ""oe-S'e-'
eFg \d

33
11
 L2A'- t,

shamanism in differcnt
have understood
Q3. (a) \Yrite a note on how Anthropologists
l5
Societies

orlqin aled t-r-o rn Vhc

6{S
6l^'c.n" Of'r
Tvng us re #
) s
cLn
, b e,. ia

a{u
o t
uur \^ ert'e
tl: Ozr €t'lgr
r

\!cra d Sc^Jt^{a
J c' rr\ h<^ bo ov- :
\ Y\ t <<-r o. Er-r'o
l// aecl-rn ( q/AJ e o L
Arcr'''ct"t c
\I

\. t *t-tt '
S
"artt.'ott
ecs\ qI{:
))
\1s\

) UsooJ'tlJ nr^ralc ? Pa'^{r ar'c'rr e

--

tLr'q\" <ta$rg i c\ (ocret

USE d-' 1--c^,."4 '\
r
\*r N\qti'
N o r-<te&'c- goc-r'e*'''ca'
h ooac-t -"r*'"a)_ ' Pr e&'&., ,*: ecllheyc ?
GOr.ne, \-Lor..,\r-, eit(-
Sewe5 05 Healef t {-z (-t,c'elet}o4
e9 g;t\s\ G-x-\c--q/) ) -t: c rrt e_rr q.
CC Stqn
tse 3 C.^ d <3cor<.'<",t.oJ4
Olld h -r.1: ,J$ Sfi.-,\s
{ o.r\s -rt\cn I c.r,J -+.?) hc,...r-E
()< t $ Ovar:r ,o $
S . pirits
\rlortss ol-or.e q- F ot [€pfe.agntat]
o o'-n^ -7 q nsr.,
\- Aot o,.,.,c}-., -F-,.-o.Itr-"'

34
24
 I )rr n,,, .

cc. rc Mitcr'a EJ-r'o.&' rn L2A'" Do not

!!t ll!
,,rr1th,n1,
A !lnt!

o.rth Aoserica tlre S\-o.r.c.a.-.n +qE e,

arFhinr in
tllt\ Ilitrpr" this m:rgrn

udJe ol"\ f botlu.n "-l oc ecn

aY tlre C O nnrrr vnl t- e Q
tD
c SaU< thc t 3hcrc'oniscn hcrJ G'

6r i5\c, a4 \t Uuc,ro m.\ t

OCf\C{'\o(\ -tVr e
poy*r\c^r' )rel-r'XrcmJe +C rr\

P ".-f 'oJ-r*x i' c c:' e

5f--non i 6.r\g c\:",oE€ n 5c''J"K-e'r
qc"
brlr

s *o t'JC. tC \Ao-^Jo. 6on

Es\cicno { .,1
Ft d,/
\
-.1J E"od -)St-6cpe,
k nol- i.. h's
Oo A drco-nrtef" h.eo-d
d.-.ur-n e-'\
I

D
Exclrn b4
E\.i as o MP
*
Di E a>\
g G t\.]L c>v.\,\ a ba^&
E I C

Bt,t'gw ! MP
haii\-
P^
A lra,aat'

35
)q
 L2A'" ,.
C r.+1c-^Sc.\) th e- t-e-r'n"1

M-io flo d P
re*ers
e 1ef{ eoentadvq"-'
rno(
-)
Sh ood aD e? t- a
Cof\c
c dr rrar'aih
D+
cul< that t!^e-
s
tCrS vet e\E\c5 jri-rtr<e-
o\J\e ve*:1
C-t1'CLe'o
Y=o Dnai^.
hcr:f c C onnrnof'
!t errce cct.ir\r'o Y V-\; 7 q .*
ro
A\i ce Eehoc-
t rild". Mi r <r' G-
9ooo ) sq YOe/)
{V'..o#
p.i----.!" ov\ e. cled-
I-\'
ve q
S h\crro onigcr\ .
gq{s +l^.*t-
t\o\. \ccrn P-'dv i cLJ\
ho.rrans(-n I S o. e(le n$=$- "_
i

u \ rrs io 86.
/
g \ et(e Sh.a.r.con s q^e f<-L'sic6
Slog\co.! P
y c^ctr't +t.a$ seN e-
3
T nc\ia'^" 4r+ t\ne-
Severq-\ v\
COc-' S \rri.+\nS 't t

26

h
36
26
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
T\I
I\
i\ titc
L2A"l
(b) Discuss how Cliflord Gecnz provided an empathic undersranding otanorher
,,,,,
socra). ,",r:;],-;
through his Balincse cockfight
, "

Geer*z S -t-,.r &'e A Q "u*he.e, ccctc{sh$"*"''

to rqss f S ^s -^f
a^,1 A \^r\otC. .l
q:kl'o^
j

-\ntQ( P"-t
O +
-_, |

b ost I i

(u (Q.o. D"et\dilJ lo.+% er"l. th e'

c\efse c o Lr. tl6*k ec +3)']

? r\ ethod E ctdtoor\< l.l)iih

i6tergret<hvt

n
nlac-h t5 u6q
.CJ\./\
d
I
A \>P'* 9h,,, -(!..icts

'1- r' .{-Q Lc}

b e-t '1
Hi el.o'rs+l
V
-.6
Me +€^S.axJ r{<r,ul Y S<r".'"J
le_ C o e<. t*'€

r\e* Coc'ra
a-
c.f- '.1
o a) ;/t,*.
\r c-L
l,
?'*-Lc.'\rv
I
)"*
c--\ Y r:td:*

47
27
 s*ic>) L2A'' (-l
C\n ar.a crr en
(
.,or bclr- q h..
e SCV eoI
n^c CE \a\ r\ -t roop s o
a e \ e-f betuleeo
\ie, -*-\.P< +'cr.ft
lsl
r
ize o! \e-*s
p.r c-cdlJ
I
1(
tk\c c€-\' - $- x e$ccte,1
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H iero.n.e\-ie'D o &
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r
a\ b\ goercrlPJ
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Coc\c- $g k--f, l(
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B 3oc,r*r> 0rqcj.f\ ;t+.S \ tr.rro VLo-,

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1g {o \e- E q=P(esSe d. (

fv ,.
rt \s Yr k Y cr"rr.. -{*ge Si+rOcsti
28 (
)
Jt \r-5
e6 \qfrr.rQ g r-\ K$... S
crSe (
*tcrc-(
eqr-rsQ.C, -t-o g 1-6.,
l-?(r(l-o'r'ce <J-i<1>ote. ) .E - I

48
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