Fitt 2

Republic of the Philippines
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY NAIC

(Formerly CAVITE COLLEGE OF FISHERIES)
Bucana Malaki, Naic, Cavite
www.cvsu.naic.edu.ph
FITNESS EXERCISES 2
Prepared By :
Mylene G. Gallardo
BSED 1A - English
INTRODUCTION
Good Day Everyone! I hope everyone is well and in good health!
Speaking of Good Health, are you aware about Heart Diseases, Scoliosis and Asthma?
According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Heart disease is the leading
cause of death in the United States. The term “heart disease” refers to several types of heart
conditions. Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the airways of the lungs. Scoliosis is an
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW?

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :
● Identify what Heart Diseases, Asthma and Scoliosis.
● What are the appropriate or possible exercises for those who had these?
Heart Disease
refers to any condition affecting the cardiovascular system. There are several different types of
heart disease, and they affect the heart and blood vessels in different ways.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease is the
leading cause of death in the United States. Around 1 in 4 deaths in the U.S. occur due to heart
disease, and the condition affects all genders as well as all racial and ethnic groups.
There are many types of Heart Diseases and these are:
1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - is the most common heart problem. With CAD, you
may get blockages in your coronary arteries (the vessels that supply blood to your
heart). That can lead to decrease in the flow of blood to your heart muscle, keeping it
from getting the oxygen that it needs. The disease usually starts as a result of
atherosclerosis, a condition sometimes called hardening of the arteries.
Coronary Heart Disease can give you pain in your chest called angina, or lead to a heart
attack.
Something that may put you at a higher risk of coronary artery disease are:
* Age (for men, the risk goes up after age of 55; for women, the risk rises sharply after
menopause)
* Being inactive
* Having diabetes or metabolic syndrome
* Family History
* Genetics
* High Blood Pressure
* High Level of LDL “bad” cholesterol or low levels of HDL “good” cholesterol
* Obesity
* Smoking
* Stress
2. Heart Arrhythmias - when you have an arrhythmias, your heart has an irregular beating
pattern. Serious arrhythmias often develop from other problems but may also happen on
their own.
3. Heart Failure - with this , your heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should to meet
your body’s needs it is usually caused by coronary artery disease, but it can also happen
because you have thyroid disease, high blood pressure, heart muscle disease, or certain
other diseases.
4. Heart Valve Disease - Your heart has four valves that open and close to direct blood
flow between your heart's four chambers, the lungs, and blood vessels. An abnormality
could make it hard for a valve to open and close the right way. When that happens, your
blood flow could be blocked or blood can leak. Your valve may not open and close right.
The causes of heart valve problems include infections such as rheumatic fever,
congenital heart disease, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, or as a result of
a heart attack.
Diseases of the heart valves include:
* Endocarditis - this is an infection that's usually caused by bacteria, which may enter the
blood and take root in your heart during illness, after surgery, or after using intravenous
drugs. It often happens if you already have valve problems. Antibiotics can usually cure
it, but the disease is life threatening without treatment.
If your heart valves are seriously damaged as a result of endocarditis, you may need
valve replacement surgery.
* Rheumatic Heart Disease - his condition develops when your heart muscle and valves
are damaged by rheumatic fever, which is linked to strep throat and scarlet fever.
Rheumatic heart disease was more common earlier in the 20th century. But doctors are
now able to prevent it by using antibiotics to treat the diseases that lead to it. If you do
get it, the symptoms usually show up many years after the infection.
5. Pericardial Disease - Any disease of the pericardium, the sac that surrounds your heart,
is called a pericardial disease. One of the more common diseases is pericarditis or
inflammation of the pericardium. It's usually caused by an infection with a virus,
inflammatory diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, or injury to your
pericardium. Pericarditis often follows open heart surgery.
6. Cardiomyopathy (Heart Muscle Disease) - is a disease of your heart muscle, or

myocardium. It gets stretched, thickened, or stiff. Your heart may get too weak to pump
well.
There are many possible causes of the disease, including heart conditions, reaction to
certain drugs or toxins (such as alcohol), and infections from a virus. Sometimes,
chemotherapy causes cardiomyopathy. Many times, doctors can’t find the exact cause.
7. Congenital Heart Disease - happens when something goes wrong while the heart is
forming in a baby that’s still in a womb. The heart abnormality sometimes leads right
after birth, but other times there aren’t symptoms until you become an adult.
Septal abnormalities are among the most common congenital heart problems. These are
holes in the wall that separates the left and right sides of your heart. You can get a
procedure to patch the hole.
Another type of abnormality is called pulmonary stenosis. A narrow valve causes a
decrease in the flow of blood to your lungs. A procedure or surgery can open or replace
the valve.
In some babies, a small blood vessel known as the ductus arteriosus doesn't close up at
birth as it should. When this happens, some blood leaks back into the pulmonary artery,
which puts strain on your heart. Doctors can treat this with surgery or a procedure or
sometimes with medication.
Types of Exercise you can do

Stretches
1. Neck Rolls
2. Head Side to Side
3. Shake Head No
4. Shoulder Shrugs
5. Elbow Circles
6. Reach for the Ceiling
7. Trunk Twist
8. Side Bends
9. Inner Thigh Stretch
10. Bent-Knee Toe Touches
11. Calf Stretch
Weight Lifting
1. Palms Forward Curls
2. Military Press
3. Arm Abductions
4. Palms Backward Curls
5. Elbow Extensions
6. Forward Arm Raises
7. Thumbs Forward Curls
8. Side Bends
9. Butterfly
Supporting Video : https://youtu.be/Ohm56pv85A0
Asthma
is a disease that affects your lungs. It is one of the most common long-term diseases of
children, but adults can have asthma, too. Asthma causes wheezing, breathlessness, chest
tightness, and coughing at night or early in the morning. If you have asthma, you have it all the
time, but you will have asthma attacks only when something bothers your lungs.
We don’t know all the things that can cause asthma, but we do know that genetic,
environmental, and occupational factors have been linked to developing asthma.
If someone in your immediate family has asthma, you are more likely to have it.
“Atopy,” the genetic tendency to develop an allergic disease, can play a big part in developing
allergic asthma. However, not all asthma is allergic asthma.
What Is an Asthma Attack?

An asthma attack may include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble
breathing. The attack happens in your body’s airways, which are the paths that carry air to your
lungs. As the air moves through your lungs, the airways become smaller, like the branches of a
tree are smaller than the tree trunk. During an asthma attack, the sides of the airways in your
lungs swell and the airways shrink. Less air gets in and out of your lungs, and mucous that your
body makes clogs up the airways.
You can control your asthma by knowing the warning signs of an asthma attack, staying
away from things that cause an attack, and following your doctor’s advice. When you control
your asthma:
● you won’t have symptoms such as wheezing or coughing,

● you’ll sleep better,
● you won’t miss work or school,
● you can take part in all physical activities, and
● you won’t have to go to the hospital.
What Causes an Asthma Attack?

An asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to “asthma triggers.” Your
asthma triggers can be very different from someone else’s asthma triggers. Know your triggers
and learn how to avoid them. Watch out for an attack when you can’t avoid your triggers. Some
of the most common triggers are tobacco smoke, dust mites, outdoor air pollution, cockroach
allergen, pets, mold, smoke from burning wood or grass, and infections like flu.
How Is Asthma Treated?

Take your medicine exactly as your doctor tells you and stay away from things that can
trigger an attack. Everyone with asthma does not take the same medicine.
You can breathe in some medicines and take other medicines as a pill. Asthma
medicines come in two types—quick-relief and long-term control. Quick-relief medicines
control the symptoms of an asthma attack. If you need to use your quick-relief medicines
more and more, visit your doctor to see if you need a different medicine. Long-term
control medicines help you have fewer and milder attacks, but they don’t help you while
you are having an asthma attack.

1. Swimming
2. Hiking
3. Walking
4. Recreational Biking
5. Short-distance Track and Field
6. Sports with short burst of activities such as gymnastics, baseball, volleyball, golf and
Football.
Scoliosis
is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It is most often diagnosed in childhood or early
adolescence. The spine's normal curves occur at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions in
the so-called “sagittal” plane.
These natural curves position the head over the pelvis and work as shock absorbers to
distribute mechanical stress during movement. Scoliosis is often defined as spinal curvature in
the “coronal” (frontal) plane. While the degree of curvature is measured on the coronal plane,
scoliosis is actually a more complex, three-dimensional problem which involves the following
planes:
1. Coronal Plane - is a vertical plane from head to foot and parallel to the shoulders,
dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.
2. Sagittal Plane - divides the body into right and left halves.
3. Axial Plane - The axial plane is parallel to the plane of the ground and at right angles to
the coronal and sagittal planes.
Incidence and Prevalence

Scoliosis affects 2-3 percent of the population, or an estimated six to nine million people
in the United States. Scoliosis can develop in infancy or early childhood. However, the primary
age of onset for scoliosis is 10-15 years old, occurring equally among both genders. Females
are eight times more likely to progress to a curve magnitude that requires treatment. Every year,
scoliosis patients make more than 600,000 visits to private physician offices, an estimated
30,000 children are fitted with a brace and 38,000 patients undergo spinal fusion surgery.
What causes Scoliosis?

1. Idiopathic scoliosis - is the diagnosis when all other causes are excluded and comprises
about 80 percent of all cases. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of
scoliosis and is usually diagnosed during puberty
2. Congenital scoliosis - results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae

and may occur in any location of the spine. The vertebral abnormalities cause curvature and
other deformities of the spine because one area of the spinal column lengthens at a slower rate
than the rest. The geometry and location of the abnormalities determine the rate at which the
scoliosis progresses in magnitude as the child grows. Because these abnormalities are present
at birth, congenital scoliosis is usually detected at a younger age than idiopathic scoliosis.
3. Neuromuscular scoliosis - encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or

muscular diseases. This includes scoliosis associated with cerebral palsy, spinal cord trauma,
muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy and spina bifida. This type of scoliosis generally
progresses more rapidly than idiopathic scoliosis and often requires surgical treatment.
There are several signs that may indicate the possibility of scoliosis. If one or more of the
following signs is noticed, schedule an appointment with a doctor.
* Shoulders are uneven – one or both shoulder blades may stick out
* Head is not centered directly above the pelvis
* One or both hips are raised or unusually high
* Rib cages are at different heights

* Waist is uneven
* The appearance or texture of the skin overlying the spine changes (dimples, hairy
patches, color abnormalities)
* The entire body leans to one side
In one study, about 23 percent of patients with idiopathic scoliosis presented with back
pain at the time of initial diagnosis. Ten percent of these patients were found to have an
underlying associated condition such as spondylolisthesis, syringomyelia, tethered cord,
herniated disc or spinal tumor. If a patient with diagnosed idiopathic scoliosis has more than
mild back discomfort, a thorough evaluation for another cause of pain is advised.
Due to changes in the shape and size of the thorax, idiopathic scoliosis may affect
pulmonary function. Recent reports on pulmonary function testing in patients with mild to
moderate idiopathic scoliosis showed diminished pulmonary function.
Treatments
When there is a confirmed diagnosis of scoliosis, there are several issues to assess that can
help determine treatment options:
* Spinal maturity – is the patient's spine still growing and changing?

* Degree and extent of curvature – how severe is the curve and how does it affect the
patient's lifestyle?
* Location of curve – according to some experts, thoracic curves are more likely to
progress than curves in other regions of the spine.
* Possibility of curve progression – patients who have large curves prior to their
adolescent growth spurts are more likely to experience curve progression.
After these variables are assessed, the following treatment options may be recommended:
1. Observation - In many children with scoliosis, the spinal curve is mild enough to not require
treatment. However, if the doctor is worried that the curve may be increasing, he or she may
wish to examine the child every four to six months throughout adolescence.
In adults with scoliosis, X-rays are usually recommended once every five years, unless
symptoms are getting progressively worse.
2. Bracing - Braces are only effective in patients who have not reached skeletal maturity. If the
child is still growing and his or her curve is between 25 degrees and 40 degrees, a brace may
be recommended to prevent the curve from progressing. There have been improvements in
brace design and the newer models fit under the arm, not around the neck. There are several
different types of braces available. While there is some disagreement among experts as to
which type of brace is most effective, large studies indicate that braces, when used with full
compliance, successfully stop curve progression in about 80 percent of children with scoliosis.
For optimal effectiveness, the brace should be checked regularly to assure a proper fit and may
need to be worn 16 to 23 hours every day until growth stops.
3. Surgery - In children, the two primary goals of surgery are to stop the curve from progressing
during adulthood and to diminish spinal deformity. Most experts would recommend surgery only
when the spinal curve is greater than 40 degrees and there are signs of progression. This
surgery can be done using an anterior approach (through the front) or a posterior approach
(through the back) depending on the particular case.
Some adults who were treated as children may need revision surgery, in particular if they
were treated 20 to 30 years ago, before major advances in spinal surgery procedures were
implemented. Back then, it was common to fuse a long segment of the spine. When many
vertebral segments of the spine are fused together, the remaining mobile segments assume
much more of the load and the stress associated with movements. Adjacent segment disease is
the process in which degenerative changes occur over time in the mobile segments above and
below the spinal fusion. This can result in painful arthritis of the discs, facet joints and ligaments.
In general, surgery in adults may be recommended when the spinal curve is greater than
50 degrees and the patient has nerve damage to their legs and/or is experiencing bowel or
bladder symptoms. Adults with degenerative scoliosis and spinal stenosis may require
decompression surgery with spinal fusion and a surgical approach from both the front and back.

Scoliosis exercises for children
1. Bird-dog stretches
2. Double leg abdominal press

3. Prone plank
4. Leg lifts while lying on the back
5. Pelvic tilts
6. Cat-camel
Scoliosis Exercise for Teens

1. Wall Stand
2. Sitting Rotation
3. Plank
4. Pelvic tilts
5. Kettlebell suitcase deadlift
Scoliosis Exercise for Adults

1. Seated Twist
2. Cat/Cow
3. Child’s Pose
4. Kneeling Hip flexor stretch
5. Seated Butterfly stretch
Scoliosis Exercise for Senior

1. Wall Stand
2. Sitting Rotation
3. Plank
4. Pelvic tilts
5. Kettlebell suitcase deadlift
6. Bird dog
7. Pelvic tilt
8. Arm & leg raises
9. Plank
10. Glute bridges
11. Hip thrusts
12. Strength training on resistance machines
Scoliosis Exercise for Seniors

1. Wall stretch
2. Child’s pose
3. Lying hip stretch
4. Overhead stretch
5. Sitting on an exercise ball
6. Standing on one leg
7. Yoga
8. Pilates
9. Tai chi
References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. About
Multiple Cause of Death, 1999–2020. CDC WONDER Online Database website. Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022. Accessed February 21, 2022.
2. Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, et al. Heart
Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
3. Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2021 update: a report from the American Heart Association
4. aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/asthma-library/asthma-and-exercise
5. CHOC Children’s Orthopedic Institute. (2015). “Home exercise program for scoliosis.”
https://www.choc.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Scoliosis_Home_Exercise_Program.pdf

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Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY NAIC

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW?

There are many types of Heart Diseases and these are:

Diseases of the heart valves include:

6. Cardiomyopathy (Heart Muscle Disease) - is a disease of your heart muscle, or

Types of Exercise you can do

Supporting Video : https://youtu.be/Ohm56pv85A0

What Is an Asthma Attack?

● you won’t have symptoms such as wheezing or coughing,

What Causes an Asthma Attack?

How Is Asthma Treated?

Types of Exercise you can do

Incidence and Prevalence

What causes Scoliosis?

2. Congenital scoliosis - results from embryological malformation of one or more vertebrae

3. Neuromuscular scoliosis - encompasses scoliosis that is secondary to neurological or

​ * Spinal maturity – is the patient's spine still growing and changing?

Types of Exercise you can do

2. Double leg abdominal press

Scoliosis Exercise for Teens

Scoliosis Exercise for Adults

Scoliosis Exercise for Senior

Scoliosis Exercise for Seniors

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* Spinal maturity – is the patient's spine still growing and changing?