Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design

Assignment-3

1. Which of the following extrinsic factors affect durability? (Select all

suitable options) (2 points)
a) Mixing
b) Cement type
c) Abrasion
d) Aggregate
e) Placing
f) w/c
Answer: A, E

2. Which pores are responsible for durability issues? (1point)

a) Microspores
b) Capillary pores
c) Gel pores
d) Micro and capillary pores
e) Macro and capillary pores
f) Micro, macro, and capillary pores
Answer: E

3. Match the following terms (1 point)

a) Absorption 1) flow under pressure gradient
b) Permeation 2) flow under a concentration gradient
c) Diffusion 3) Movement due to electrical gradient
d) Migration 4) Capillary action
A) a-2, b-3, c-4, d-1 B) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3 C) a-3, b-2, c-4, d-1 D)
a-2, b-2, c-2, d-3
Answer: B

4. Which of the following is/are the methods to improve durability?

(Select all suitable options) (2 points)
a) Low w/c ratio
b) Better particle packing
c) High w/c ratio
d) Use of chemical and mineral admixtures
e) Proper curing
Answer: A, B, D, E
5. How much reduction in diffusion coefficient is possible when 10% of
silica fume is used in a concrete system? (1point)
a) 10%
b) 90%
c) 20%
d) 80%
Answer: D

6. Which of the following factor is not affecting the Alkali-Silica

Reaction in concrete? (1point)
a) Moisture availability
b) Greater content of Magnesium
c) Greater content of alkali
d) Reactive aggregate
Answer: B

7. Which of the following structure is not susceptible to internal

sulphate attack? (1point)
a) Heat-cured or steam cured.
b) Structural elements under soil or water having sulphate
content.
c) Massive structures
d) Precast concrete
Answer: B

8. Which of the following formation is responsible for internal sulphate

attack? (1point)
a) ASR gel formation
b) Early Ettringite formation
c) Delayed Ettringite formation
d) Mono-sulphate formation
Answer: C
9. Which defect is possible due to freezing and thawing in pavement
concrete? (1point)

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Answer: C

10. Select all the correct statements regarding freeze and thaw? (Select all
suitable options) (2 points)
a) All the pore water freezes when the temperature falls below 0o C.
b) When the temperature falls below 0oc, the ice expands and
creates pressure.
c) Dissolved ions in concrete do not let the water freeze when the
temperature falls just below 0oC.
d) The solidification occurs at a single temperature.
e) Air-entraining agents resist freeze and thaw damage.
Answer: B, C, E

11. Erosion is due to_____ (1point)

a) Movement of heavy vehicles
b) Movement of particles in water
c) Rapid development and dissipation of air bubbles
d) The curved surface in the structure causes localized high velocity.
Answer: B
12. Carbonation induce corrosion starts when the pH Range is? (1 point)
a) Between 12-14
b) Between 10-12
c) Below 9.5
d) It is not a function of pH.
Answer: C

13. Which of the following ones is more susceptible to durability issues ?

(1 point)

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Answer: D

14. Which of the following is/are the effect of Corrosion? (Select all
suitable options) (1 points)
a) Concrete staining
b) Delamination
c) Spalling
d) Popout
e) Internal cracking
Answer: A, B, C

15. Read the below statements and choose the appropriate answer.
(1point)
 Statement A: Durability is assumed in a prescribed-based approach
design.
Statement B: In the Prescribed based approach, specifications are
defined and not designed for the actual environmental condition.
a) Statement A is true, but Statement B is false.
b) Statement A is false, but statement B is true.
c) Both statements are true, and statement B correctly explains
statement A.
d) Both statements are true, but the statement B is not the correct
explanation for statement A
Answer: C

16. select the correct sequence of bars that exhibit a higher degree of
resistance to corrosion (1 point)

Answer: D

17. Select all the correct statements regarding the durability index. (Select
all suitable options) (2 points)
a) Physical, chemical, and electrochemical parameters
characterise concrete durability.
b) Some durability index tests are Sorptivitiy, oxygen
permeability, and conductivity.
c) Durability index helps in mix design.
d) The durability index helps in improving bad concrete.
 Answer: A, B

18. Which of the following helps in improving freeze and thaw

performance? (1point)
a) Using a low w/c ratio
b) Using a high dense concrete
c) Using Air entraining agents
d) Reducing the porosity in the system
Answer: C

19. The concrete having higher conductivity indicates (1 point)

a) Good durability performance
b) Poor durability performance
c) The strength of the concrete is higher.
d) The strength of concrete is lower.
Answer: B

20. What is the limiting crack width of the interior beam of the coastal
structure as per IRS 1997? (1point)
a) 0.1
b) 0.2
c) 0.3
d) 0.25
Answer: B

21. What type of cement need to be used in construction when

the total dissoluble sulphate is more than five g/l? (1point)
a) PPC cement
b) Sulphate-resisting cement.
c) PPC + protective coating
d) Sulphate resisting cement + Protective coating.
Answer: D

22. Permeability test is mandated in which Indian code? (1point)

a) IRS 1997
b) IRC 112
c) IS 456
d) All the code
Answer: A
23. What is the chloride content % (by mass of cement) for the
RCC bridge located in the rural area as per IRC 112? (1point)
a) 0.4
b) 0.3
c) 0.2
d) 0.1
Answer: B

24. What is the surface coating recommendation by IRS 1997 to

prevent corrosion for the bridge girder constructed on a tidal
zone? (1point)
a) No Coating
b) Epoxy coating
c) CECRI integrated four coat system
d) CFRP liners
Answer: C

25. What is concrete's allowable total soluble sulphate content as

per IRC SP 70-2005? (1point)
a) More than 4% by mass of cement
b) More than 4% by mass of concrete
c) Less than 4% by mass of cement
d) Less than 4 % by mass of concrete
Answer: C

26. What is the allowable RCPT value for HPC when the bridge
is exposed to occasional freezing and thawing conditions?
(1point)
a) <1500
b) >1500
c) <800
d) >800
Answer: A