GUAGUA NATIONAL COLLEGES, INC.

GUAGUA, PAMPANGA
A.Y. 2023 – 2024

HISTORY OF BADMINTON

I. DESCRIPTION
This module will introduce the brief history and development of badminton. It also
includes the facilities and equipment, terminologies and some suggested warm
up exercises that can help you in playing the sport.

II. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the session, you are expected to: describe and understand the
history of badminton, determine the benefits of warm exercises; and appreciate
the contribution of warm-up exercise in preventing muscle injury while playing
badminton.

III. INTRODUCTION

This module will explain all the essentials you need if you want to start with
badminton and to have the principles of the sport clear. It includes all the different
shots and how to perform them, the secrets of footwork, the rules and regulations,
tactics, and drills.
One of the activities/events in the sports program of physical education is
badminton. It is one of the sports where both women and men of all ages play
together. It is a game that spans both generation gap and gender issues.
Badminton is increasingly becoming popular in the Philippines both for
competitions and casual recreation. Part of its popularity is since badminton is
very economical to play. It is enjoyable game for the beginners, and if played
seriously, it can be an exciting and spectacular game that requires cleverness,
speed and agility.

IV. LEARNING CONTENT

A. LECTURE
Brief History of Badminton

Badminton like game was known in ancient Greece and Egypt - a game called
battledore and shuttlecock - in which two players hit a feathered shuttlecock
back and forth with tiny rackets. Worldwide popularity for the sport surged only
after badminton’s Olympic debut at Barcelona in 1992. In the 1860s it was
adopted by British Army officers stationed in India. The officers took the game
back to England, where it became a success at a party given by the Duke of
Beaufort in 1873 at his estate called "Badminton" in Gloucestershire.
Worldwide popularity for the sport surged only after badminton’s Olympic debut
at Barcelona in 1992. The first major tournament was the Thomas Cup (world
men’s team championships) in 1948. There are now many world tournaments.
After all these years, badminton is not so different from its ancient predecessors,
nor from the game played by elite society in the mid-1800s, except for the speed
of the game — the fastest smash recorded by Great Britain’s Simon Archer, was
clocked at over 160 mph (260 km/hr.)
Badminton organization

In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was organized with nine
members - Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Scotland and Wales. Membership grew steadily year after year. It
became the sport's sole international governing body in 1981. The International
Badminton Federation (IBF) decided in March 1939, that the time had arrived for
the inauguration of international competition. Its president, Sir George A. Thomas,
Baronet, offered a trophy for the winning team. The war and post-war shortages
of shuttlecocks delayed the first Thomas Cup matches until the 1948-49 season.
The idea of a women's international team badminton championship along the
lines of the Thomas Cup was broached in 1950. It was turned down then because
of financial problems. The topic continued to be brought up and eventually it was
decided to establish the tournament on a triennial basis. Mrs. H. S. Uber of England
donated the trophy, which is called the Uber Cup. The first tournament was held
during the 1956-57 season. Since then, the number of world events has increased
to seven, with the addition of the Uber Cup (ladies' team), World Championships,
Sudirman Cup (mixed team), World Juniors, World Grand Prix Finals and the World
Cup. Badminton was first contested as an official Olympic sport at the 1992
Olympic games in Barcelona, Spain.

Philippine Badminton

In Philippines, it was in the 1920 when British and American introduced badminton
in the country. As early as 1950's, the International Badminton Federation (IBF)
recognized the Philippines as its 21st member country. Since then, Filipino's have
been playing badminton in international tournaments. In 1949 national rankings
produced Adriano Torres, first national Men's single champion. In 1952, the
Philippine Badminton Association (PBA) was created and became the first
national badminton group, organized by 28 badminton clubs.

B. Badminton Facilities and Equipment

A. COURT AND COURT EQUIPMENT

1. The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually
marked for both singles and doubles play, although the laws permit a court to
be marked for singles only.

2. The lines marking out the court shall be easily distinguishable and preferably be
colored white or yellow.

3. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are the same length.
The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles
court has a shorter serve-length dimension.

4. The full width of the court is 6.1 meters (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced
to 5.18 meters (17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 meters (44 ft).

5. The service courts are marked by a center line dividing the width of the court,
by a short service line at 1.98 meters (6 ft 6 inch) from the net, and by the outer
side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long
service line, which is 0.76 meters (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary.

6. The net is 1.55 meters (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 meters (5 ft) high
in the center. The net posts are placed over the double’s sidelines, even when
singles are played.

7. The net shall be made of fine cord of dark color and even thickness with a mesh
of not less than l5 mm and not more than 20 mm.

8. The net shall be 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 meters wide.
9. The top of the net shall be edged with a 75 mm white tape doubled over a
cord or cable running through the tape. This tape shall rest upon the cord or

cable.

B. SHUTTLE

Shuttle, Shuttlecock, Bird, Birdie - whatever it is called, it is badminton's version of

a tennis ball. It has a small ball at the front to give it speed, and feathers protruding
from it to help it float when it is hit high into the air. An official shuttlecock must
have 14-16 feathers and are usually made from a goose or duck and from the left
wing of the bird only.

1. The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base.

2. The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62 mm to 70 mm when

measured from the tip to the top of the base.

3. The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68
mm.

4. The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material.

5. The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom.

6. The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

7. The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, shall replace natural

feathers.

8. Subject to there being no variation in the general design, speed and flight of
the shuttle, modifications in the above specifications may be made with the
approval of the Member Association concerned, in places where atmospheric
conditions due to either altitude or climate make the standard shuttle unsuitable.
C. RACKET

1. Racket used to hit the bird; the racquet is shaped like a tennis racket and has
strings but weighs much less.

2. The frame of the racket, including the handle, is not to exceed 680 mm (26.75
inches) in overall length, and 230 mm (9 inches) in overall width.

3. The Badminton Racket overall length of the head is not to exceed 290 mm.

4. Most rackets are made from light man-made materials such as aluminum or
graphite and are strung with synthetic material such as nylon.

5. Badminton rackets are lightweight, with top quality rackets weighing between
70 and 95 grams (2.4 to 3.3 ounces) not including grip or strings.

6. They are composed of many different materials ranging from carbon fiber
composite to solid steel, which may be augmented by a variety of materials.

7. Carbon fiber has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent
kinetic energy transfer.

8. There is a wide variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racket size
and shape. Different rackets have playing characteristics that appeal to
different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric
head shape is increasingly common in new rackets.

Parts of a Racket

Stringed area Head/ring

Neck/throat

Body/shaft

Handle/grip

Butt cup
D. BADMINTON TERMINOLOGIES

Player: Any person playing Badminton.

Match: The basic contest in Badminton between opposing sides each of one or
two players.
Singles: A match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides.
Doubles: A match where there are two players on each of the opposing sides.
Serving side: The side having the right to serve.
Receiving side: The side opposing the serving side.
Rally: A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle
ceases to be in play.
Stroke: A forward movement of the player's racket.

E. WARM UP FOR BADMINTON

A warmup for both training and competition should begin with some light activity to
increase blood flow to the muscles. The next phase of the warm-up is to stretch the
muscles and joints. This will be achieved initially by passive stretches followed by active
stretches specific for the action of badminton.

PASSIVE STRETCHES

Here are selections of stretches that can be used for badminton warm up. Hold each of
the following stretches for 10-20 seconds and remember to stretch both sides of the body.

Back and Forward Neck Stretch — Tuck chin down until it touches the
chest and feel tension at the back of the neck. Tip head to each side
slowly until you feel the stretch.

Side to Side Neck Stretch — Tuck chin down until it touches the chest
and feel tension at the back of the neck. Tip head to each side slowly
until you feel the stretch.

Overhead Shoulder Stretch — Point elbow upwards, with hand behind

the head. With the other hand grab elbow and gently pull towards the
other side until a good stretch is felt. Repeat for both sides.

Posterior Shoulder Stretch — Hold arm horizontally across the front of

the body. With the other hand, grab the elbow and gently pull towards
your chest. Repeat for both sides

Side Stretch — Begin with feet slightly apart, and arm pointing
overhead, held by the opposite hand. Keeping the hips stable, bend
torso so that the stretch is felt along your side. Repeat for both sides.
 Side Lunge Stretch — This will stretch the hip adductor muscles. With
body and feet all facing forward, and hands on hips. Shift weight to the
side, remaining as upright as possible and keeping both feet flat on the
floor. Repeat on opposite side.

Forward Lunge Stretch — This will stretch hip flexors and hamstring
muscles. With the body and feet all facing forward, place one leg back
and your other leg forward, hands on the front thigh. Shift weight
forward remaining as upright as possible and keeping both feet flat on
the floor. Repeat on opposite side.

Quadriceps Stretch — Support yourself with one hand while standing

on one leg. Bend free leg back and hold on to ankle with the free hand.
To increase the stretch, pull the foot higher behind the body.

Wrist Flexion — Hold out arm with the palm facing down. Drop the
fingers and palm at the wrist. Grab fingers with the other hand and pull
them towards the body. Change hands and repeat.

Wrist Extension — Hold out arm with the palm facing down. Bend the
fingers and palm at the wrist. Grab fingers with the other hand and pull
them back and towards the body. Change hands and repeat.

BASIC SKILLS IN BADMINTON

I. DESCRIPTION

This is a beginning badminton module in which you will develop the basic skills
necessary to play the game of badminton. Basic skills include the gripping, strokes,
body composition, foot works, different shots and service. Instruction will include
an emphasis on the fundamental strategies and rules used in both singles and
doubles play.

II. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, you are expected to demonstrate the skills in
badminton properly and perform foot work drills used in the game.

III. INTRODUCTION

Badminton is a popular and physically demanding game with an interesting

history. Like most sports, it requires that players be physically fit and alert. The
game demands intense playing time on the court—in fact, games can last
anywhere from thirty to ninety minutes.

Badminton is officially the fastest of all racket sports. Players can hit the
shuttlecock at speeds of up to 180mph (288kph) toward their opponent. But it is
not just all about speed; a player can expect to run up to four miles (6.4km)
 around the court during a match whilst having the agility to maintain energy-
busting rallies.

So, whilst stamina and agility are important, certainly at a competitive level,
anyone can play badminton and the sport is a popular choice for people of all
ages and fitness abilities.

IV. LEARNING CONTENT

A. LECTURE: BASIC SKILLS IN BADMINTON

GRIP

Badminton grip is a way of holding the racket in order to hit shots during a match.
The most used grip is the forehand grip. Most players change grips during a rally
depending on whether it is a forehand or backhand shot. A grip is also the
wrapping around the handle of the racket.

Types of Gripping

a. Forehand Grip b. Backhand Grip

Grip the racket as if you are
shaking someone’s hand. Form a V
with your thumb and index finger on
the top of the racket handle. Spread
your fingers slightly along the handle
with the index finger place higher up
the racket than the thumb. Grip the
racket firmly but not too tightly. A
tighter grip can lock the wrist to
quickly snap when striking the
shuttlecock or bird.
Place your thumb along the flat
side of the racket, higher up the
handle than your index finger. Put
more pressure on the racket with
your thumb when swinging. This
allows you greater reach for the
backhand shot. Move your fingers
closer together for the backhand
shot than the forehand grip and
hold the racket more firmly.

STROKES

Badminton offers a wide variety of basic strokes, and players require a high level
of skill to perform all of them effectively. All strokes can be played
either forehand or backhand. A player's forehand side is the same side as their
playing hand: for a right-handed player, the forehand side is their right side, and
the backhand side is their left side. Forehand strokes are hit with the front of the
hand leading (like hitting with the palm), whereas backhand strokes are hit with
the back of the hand leading (like hitting with the knuckles). Players frequently
play certain strokes on the forehand side with a backhand hitting action, and
vice versa.

In the forecourt and midcourt, most strokes can be played equally effectively on
either the forehand or backhand side; but in the rear court, players will attempt
to play as many strokes as possible on their forehands, often preferring to play
a round-the-head forehand overhead (a forehand "on the backhand side")
rather than attempt a backhand overhead. Playing a backhand overhead has
two main disadvantages. First, the player must turn their back to their opponents,
restricting their view of them and the court. Second, backhand overheads
cannot be hit with as much power as forehands: the hitting action is limited by
the shoulder joint, which permits a much greater range of movement for a
forehand overhead than for a backhand. The backhand clear is considered by
most players and coaches to be the most difficult basic stroke in the game, since
the precise technique is needed in order to muster enough power for the
shuttlecock to travel the full length of the court. For the same reason, backhand
smashes tend to be weak.

READY POSITION

Ready position is the stance and position that you want to reach before your
opponent hits the shuttlecock. It’s called the ready position because it helps you
get ready for the next shot. Your actual position on court will vary a lot depending
on whether you are playing singles or doubles, and depending on the
circumstances during the rally. Although there are many variations, it’s still good
to learn a basic ready position. Once you understand these basic ideas, you can
adapt the ready position for different situations.

Elements of the ready position

Stance

You should be ready with a somewhat wide stance: your feet a little more than
shoulder-width apart. You cannot simply stand there, feet together, as though
waiting for a bus! Your weight should be lowered a little, with your knees slightly
bent. Your weight should be shifted forwards a little, so that you are on the balls
of your toes. This does not mean that you should be perched uncomfortably on
your tiptoes, leaning forwards so much that you almost fall over! Rather, you need
to lean forwards just enough to take the weight off your heels. Failure to do this
will leave you flat footed. Your right foot should be slightly ahead of your left
foot — only about half a foot length ahead. This position is effective for covering
all four corners of the court.

Racket carriage

Your racket position varies a lot depending on the situation. It should never be left
to dangle near your ankles, however. Bring your racket up! Your racket should be
held out in front of you, and away from your body. Typically, you will hold it about
waist height; but you’ll hold it higher when attacking and lower when defending.

Your left arm

Don’t forget that you have two arms! Although your left arm does not hit the
shuttlecock, it affects your balance a great deal. Your left arm should be used to
balance your right arm and racket. In the ready position, this generally means
holding it in front of your body and slightly out to the side. Never leave your left
arm dangling at your side!

FOOT WORK

Good badminton footwork is the reason why professionals make a game of

badminton look graceful and effortless. This is because it enables you to reach
the shuttle in the fastest and shortest time possible.

Badminton footwork basically encompasses two main things:

 1. Where you position yourself on the court.
2. How you position your feet

The three main benefits of mastering proper footwork are as follows:

1. Allows you to conserve strength by reducing unnecessary steps.

2. Provides sufficient reaction time for the next oncoming shot.
3. Increase your speed.

Hence, without proper footwork, powerful and skillful badminton strokes and
smashes will be useless.

Here are three points to follow to improve your badminton footwork.

1. Position on the court - always return to base

A common mistake committed by new players is to stay rooted at the same

position where they hit the last shot. What they should do is to return to base
position immediately after every shot.

The base position will vary for a badminton singles and doubles game. The base
is usually the center of the area which a player is covering. This position is most
ideal as it allows the player to get to where the shuttle lands with the least number
of footsteps. By doing so, you will have sufficient time to react to the next
oncoming shuttle.

2. Maintain stable posture and balance

Badminton is a fast-moving game that requires lightning-fast reaction. As such,

you may often find yourselves in situations where you need to stretch your legs
and arms (forward or backwards) far and wide, to reach the shuttle. Such quick
and big movements will affect your balance and delay your recovery to base.

In order to maintain a stable posture and balance, place more of your body
weight on your stronger leg and make it your anchoring foot to the ground. Keep
the other foot nimble so that you can stretch and reach the shuttle wherever it
goes. By doing so, you will find it easy to return to neutral position without losing
your balance and expending too much energy.

3. Be light and nimble and learn how to jump

Being light and nimble on your feet can make a surprisingly huge difference to
your speed. By adding bounce to your footwork, you will be able to respond faster
to an oncoming shuttle, particularly the high shots.

On top of that, adding jumps to your footwork is important for players who want
to take their skills to the next level. Jumps are especially useful if you are covering
the back court and can be executed in any direction. The best way to perform a
jump is to take off with either one or two feet and try to land on both to spread
the impact to your knees.

Jumps are especially useful for smashes as this will give you a good angle for
attack. At the same time, jumps are also good for retrieving high shots. Not only
will this save you the effort of retracting backwards to retrieve the shuttle, but it
will also shorten your opponent’s recovery time with your faster than expected
return shot.
Six Basic Foot works

1. Forehand forward

The key point here is if you are right-handed you have to start with your left leg
going forward and then ending with your right leg slightly at the lounging
movement. Make sure the foot is turn towards the direction which you are going
towards and not to the straight angle because you could potentially injure
yourself and twist your ankle. Always have a nice balance to support your entire
body in a lounging motion to end the footwork.

2. Backhand forward

To start off, make sure to step your left foot first if you are right-handed and end
with your right leg in a lounging motion reaching towards the net. Make sure the
foot is pointing the proper direction to balance the body in a proper lounge rather
than any other direction which potentially twist the ankle.

3. Forehand sideward

To start off, make sure to start with the left foot and lounge outward with the right
foot. Make sure the foot is turn towards the direction which you are going towards
and not to the straight angle because you could potentially injure yourself and
twist your ankle. Have a nice balance and a nice lounging motion.

4. Backhand sideward

To start off, make sure to start with the left leg and end with the right leg towards
the side that you want to go towards. Make sure the foot is pointing the proper
direction to balance the body in a proper lounge rather than any other direction
which potentially twist the ankle.

5. Forehand backcourt

To start off, take the back leg right one step back towards the direction in which
you want to go towards and make shuffle movements until you get to the back
ending with the right leg having the weight of the body and swing the racket and
run back to the center of the court.

6. Backhand backward

To start off, step with the left leg towards the direction in which you want to go
towards and step with the next leg with the right leg and continue following the
birdie as you shuffle until you see the birdie in the right position, weight of the body
should be on you right leg and hit the birdie quickly using the backhand shot. And
run back to the center of the court.

CLEAR

This unusual defensive stroke is employed in singles and generally used sparingly.
The object is to hit the shuttle high and deep to the opponent’s back court. This
shot is played well behind the shuttle. The point of impact is directly above or
slightly behind the head. The arm moves straight up as racquet head and shuttles
meet.
DROP

This shot is sometimes referred to as a “controlled smash” shot. It differs from the
smash because it is hit with less force. The drop is considered a sure way to score
a point when the opponent is out of position. To execute this shot, the player must
use the same motion as with any overhand stroke except that he/she tilts the
racquet head slightly to cause the shuttle to move downward.

FOREHAND DRIVE

This shot is used when the shuttle is too low to smash. The forehand drive is hit hard
with the full racquet face slightly in front of the body at full arm’s length.

FOREHAND UNDERARM CLEAR

This can be a tricky shot. It is best described as hitting a high serve, only lower
down. The player lunges forward with the front knee bent and the back leg slightly
bent while he/she leans toward the shuttle.

BACKHAND DROP

The overhand backhand shot is performed the same way that the clear and
smash are played. This shot demands both excellent timing and wrist-snap action.

SMASH

This type of shot is considered the ultimate “attacking” shot and requires a
powerful arm stroke. It can be played from anywhere on the court, although it is
usually played between the doubles back and the front service lines.

SERVE
The serve is an underhand shot. The racquet head must be below the level of the
server’s hand while the shuttle is hit below waist level.

It is especially important to follow through the serve by continuing to keep the

racquet moving upward after the shuttle is hit. If the racquet does not complete
the follow-through, the shuttle may end up in an undesirable location.

Types of serve

Low serve

The low serve is played gently over the net to land at the front of your
opponent's service court, near the short service line. It's important that this serve
passes low over the net.

The low serve is used in both singles and doubles. In doubles, the low serve is
used more frequently than any other serve.

High serve

The high serve is played powerfully upwards, so that the shuttlecock travels very
high and falls almost vertically downwards at the back of the receiver's service
court. High serves are used frequently in singles, but never in doubles (at a high
standard of play). The high serve can only be played with a forehand action.
Unlike the other three serves, you just won't get enough power from a backhand
to play a good high serve.
Flick serve
The flick serve is also played upwards, but much more shallowly than the high
serve. The idea is to deprive the opponent of time, forcing him to hit the
shuttlecock when it's behind his body.

Flick serves are used extensively in doubles, and occasionally in singles.

Drive serve

The drive serve is played flat and fast towards the back of the receiver's service
court, passing low over the net. The idea is to provoke an immediate reaction,
hoping that the receiver will mishit the shuttlecock. Drive serves are a gamble: if
your opponent is too slow, then you will win the point immediately; but if he
reacts quickly enough, then you are likely to lose.

Drive serves are almost never used by professional players, because their
opponents are quick enough to counter-attack the serve consistently. At low
levels of play, drive serves are used extensively by competitive players, because
many opponents are unable to handle them.

RULES, REGULATION, AND BADMINTON EVENTS

I. DESCRIPTION
This module will introduce the rules and regulations of the game as well as
the events of the sport mainly singles game for men and women, doubles game
for men and women, and mixed doubles.

II. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the session, you can: identify basic rules and regulations in
playing badminton; comprehend the basic rules in the different badminton
events singles game show camaraderie among fellow students; and conduct a
mini tournament on badminton.

III. INTRODUCTION
In any game or sport particularly in badminton, it is of paramount
importance to know and master the rules and regulations and different events in
badminton for you to play well with deeper understanding as the game is being
held. Knowing the ins and outs of the game will give you a satisfying experience
and fulfillment.

IV. LEARNING CONTENT

A. LECTURE: Rules and regulations

General rules:

 According to the Badminton World Federation (BWF), the game is usually

played in 3 matches with the goal of attainting 21 scores per match. A point
is scored whenever a serve is executed. Every time the scores ties by 20, the
side that first scores 2 points wins the game and at a tie score of 29, the first
one to reach 30 points wins. The side that won the first set will have the first
serve in the next match.
 For the interval and change of base, players get a 60 second interval after
the leading side reaches 11 points. Between each game, a 2-minute
interval is allowed. During the third game, when the leading sides reaches
a score of 11 points, the players changes base.
 When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second
interval.
  A 2-minute interval between each game is allowed.
 In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11
points.

Badminton Events

Singles
- Played by two opposing players.

Rules for Singles:

1. Serve – One of the most important rules in badminton is the way of serving.
the right way of serving should be done below the server’s waist and underarm.
Serving with an over arm is against the basic rules and is considered a fault.

2. Format - The side on which the player serves will always depend on the
score, when the score is even the server serves from the right side of the court and
when the score is odd the player serves on the left side of the court.
The server starts with the appropriate side of the court. Only when the server loses
a rally, can the opposing side get the serve.

3. Faults - Every time a fault is committed the opposing side gets a point and
the serve must be surrendered to them. it is considered a fault when a player
missed the shuttle while serving. when passing the shuttle and it went underneath
the net it is also counted as a fault and lastly hitting the shuttle when it is out of
bound is also considered as a fault.

Doubles
- Doubles is usually played by 2 paired teams.

Rules for Doubles:

1. Coin toss - used during any badminton rally in choosing which player gets
the first serve.
2. Boundaries – the serve is done inside the white lines of opposite diagonal
side for the shuttlecock to fall inside the court. When the serve is made, the player
can then hit the shuttlecock anywhere inside the court.
3. Format – the serving side during a double tournament starts at the right-
hand side of the court and the order of the serve is determined by the score. If
the score is an odd number, the player serves from the left side of the court and
if the score is an even number, the player serves from the right side of the court.
4. Switching sides of the court – players can only switch side at the end of
each game. Note: if a third game is to be played, the players switches place
when the score reaches 11 points
5. Faults – Each player has only one attempt in hitting the shuttlecock. Every
time the shuttlecock flew pass the white boundaries; a point will be given to the
opposing side. Another important rule is that the receiver is the only one that can
return the serve directed at them.

Mixed Doubles
- Mixed Doubles is usually played by a pair consists of a male and a female.

Rules for Mixed Doubles:

1. Serving – When the male serves, the female player stands in front of him
and vice-versa. The reason for this position is that it plays to both player
strengths. The female can immediately attempt dominate as their partner serves
and the male player step forward and receive any midcourt shots.