Preliminaries:

Module title: Physical Education 104 PATH-FIT (Sports) II

Course title: Physical Activities towards Health and Fitness (Sports) II
Course Number: P.E. 104

Course Description: This course deals with the history and development of badminton and
volleyball, facilities and equipment, rules and regulation of badminton and volleyball, basic skills
in badminton and volleyball, calisthenics and drills, actual tournament of badminton and
volleyball.

Total Learning Time: 36 hours (18 weeks)

Pre-Requisites (if there’s any)

Overview:
This unit is prepared for students to gain knowledge on the importance of Sport; It helps
to understand their origins, familiarization of equipment used and with emphasis of rules and
regulations. It provides us with a deeper insight in the development of Badminton and Volleyball.
Furthermore, the study of Badminton and Volleyball also lends to execute the basic skills and
find pleasure in playing. It will also serve as a productive leisure time pursuit and can provide
students with a better understanding and appreciation about sports.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course the student should be able to:

1. To improve the students ability in performing different types of sports;

2. to enhance and improve their ideas in different types of sports;
3. to apply what they learn into real-life situation- the real test of their possessing executive
competence.
Indicative Content:

UNIT 1 Badminton

• Definition of Badminton
• History of Badminton

UNIT 2 Badminton

• Supplies and Equipment

• Hand strokes of Badminton

UNIT 3 Badminton

• Basic skills in badminton

• Footwork in badminton
• Tips
• Faults in badminton
• Law of badminton

UNIT 4 Volleyball
•
• Definition of Volleyball
• History and development of Volleyball
• Supplies and Equipment

UNIT 5 Volleyball

• Basic Skills in Volleyball

- Serving
- Setting
- Blocking

2
 Unit 1
Badminton

Introduction

Badminton is an indoor skill sport and considered to be the fastest racquet-sport played
by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing duos/pairs (doubles). The players or
duos/pairs take positions opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net.

The sport uses shuttlecock also called a birdy or shuttle, which is a 16-feathered projectile
material fixed in a cock base covered in a kid leather that has the aerodynamic properties of flying.
The players strike the shuttlecock with their rackets so that it passes over the net and into the
opponents’ half of the court. The rally ends once a player commits a fault or the shuttlecock
touches the floor.

Five events of Badminton

1. Men’s Single
2. Women’s Single
3. Men’s Doubles
4. Women’s Doubles
5. Mixed Doubles

Brief History and Development

Sports historians cited that the sport Badminton has originated in ancient Greece about
2000 years ago, which spread to China, India, Japan and Siam (Thailand). Throughout the
medieval times, an English children’s game named Battledore and Shuttlecock was a popular and
played, the battledore being a paddle and the shuttlecock as a small feather cork, now usually
called a bird. Children would use paddles hitting and preventing the shuttlecock from hitting the
floor.
During the mid-18th century (1860’s), British India Army Officers in Poona were playing
the traditional English game wherein sooner they added a net. The game was known as Poona at
that time. The game was taken by retired officers back to England ( 1980’s) where it developed
and rules and regulations were set out.
The new sport was introduced in 1873 at the Badminton House, Gloucestershire. The
Duke of Beaufort was entertaining soldiers at his estate while others are playing Poona. Non-
military guests began referring to the game as Badminton Game, and thus later became known as
Badminton.
The first badminton club in the world was established in 1887 known as Bath Badminton
Club with standardized rules and regulations. The International Badminton Federation (IBF) (now
known as Badminton World Federation) was established in 1934 with Canada, Denmark,
England, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand, Scotland, and Wales As it’s founding
members. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now governs international badminton
and develops the sport globally. Badminton was officially granted Olympics Status in the 1992

3
Barcelona Games. From 9 founding members, the IBF to BWF now have over 150 member
countries.
Unit 2
Supplies & Equipment

1. Badminton Racket

A. Light ( can be made of wood, plastic, aluminum or other light metals with nano-
materials added for durability)

B. Weighs about 75-100 grams.

C. Racquet head is either isometric or oval

D. Racket Strings should be about 0.62 to 0.73 mm in thickness with range of 80 to 160
N tension.

E. Racket shall not exceed 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall width.

F. Racket is composed of carbon fiber composite ( graphite reinforced plastic) and with
titanium composites (nanocarbon).

G. Overgrips may be added for friction.

4
2. Shuttlecock

A. Open conical shape, and made with

16 goose feathers embedded into a
rounded cork base (covered with a
thin leather or synthetic material)

B. High-drag projectile

C. The feathers shall be measured

from the tip to the top of the base.
This length can be between 62 mm
and 70 mm; weighs between 4.74 to
5.50 g

3. Net. The net must be in dark color raised 1.55 meters high at the edges ( 5 ft. and 1 inch)
and 1.524 meters ( 5 ft.) high in the center.

5
4. Net posts. The net posts are placed on the top of the line within the double side lines and
are extended 5 feet and 1 inch high from the floor

5. Clothing. Whole clothing (shirt and short) should be comfortable . Playing clothes
should be of a short –sleeved shirt or T-shirt while the shorts should be raised above the
knees. The girls may wear a skirt with cycling shorts inside. Accessories may be added
to the body for certain use.

6
6. Shoes. Badminton shoes are lightweight with gum soles of rubber or similar high-grip,
non- marking materials. Thick socks will cushion the feet and will be more competitive
to use during the game.

7
7. Badminton court. Rectangular and divided into halves by a net. A court is marked with
side lines (Singles and Doubles), long service lines (single/back boundary and for
doubles), short service lines, and center lines, and center lines (service) including left
and right service courts.

Measurements:
a. Width for Singles – 5.18 m (17 ft.)
b. Width for doubles – 6.1 m (20 ft.)
c. Full of length of the court – 13.4 m (44 ft.)
d. Distance of short service lines away from the net – 1.98 m (6 ft, 6 inches)
e. Distance of long service lines way from back boundary lines – 0.76 m ( 2 ft, 6
inches)

8
Two Types of H and Stroke

1. Forehand

2. Backhand

9
 UNIT 3
Badminton

Basic Skills

1. Clear or Lob. Hitting the shuttle upwards to the back of the opponent’s court. The
shuttle goes very high, so that a player gains time for recovery to a good based position.
2. Smash. A powerful hit so that the shuttlecock travels on a steeply downwards at a great
speed into the opponents court.
3. Drop. Hitting the shuttlecock into lightly so as to move downwards into the opponent’s
forecourt.
4. Netting/Net Shot. Hitting the shuttlecock into the opponent’s forecourt, as close to the
net as possible.
5. Drive. Hitting the shuttlecock on a straight line just above the net into the opponent’s
court.
6. Service. The court act of putting the player/s in play. Inevitably, a service takes place
after the umpire mentioned the score.

10
Badminton Footwork

1. Ready Stance. Stride standing position (feet

apart) with knees a bit bended. One foot is a
little bit ahead over the another. Do this, in the
center or middle of a half of Left Foot Right
Foot the court.

2. Side-to-side (Defense). Starting in the Ready

Position, step right foot sideward, finishing in
lunge position (use forehand stroke if right
dominant). To go back, hop (jump) both feet
sideward left finishing in ready position.
Execute this again on the other side starting
with right foot (use backhand for the stroke if
right dominant)

3. V-Front. Starting in the Ready Position, step

right foot and then hop jump) obliquely forward
finishing in lunge position (use forehand stroke
if right dominant). To go back, step left and then
hop (jump) both feet obliquely backward left
finishing in ready position. Execute this again on
the other side starting with left foot to right foot
obliquely in lunge position (use backhand for the
stroke if right dominant) o go back, step right
foot, and then hop jump) both feet obliquely
backward right position. ready finishing in

11
4. V-Back. Starting in the Ready Position, step right
foot, and then hop jump) both feet obliquely
Using a racket, hit a shadow shuttle moving the
left foot in rear and right foot in front (use
forehand if right dominant). backward right. To
go back, step left foot followed by hopping9
(jumping) both feet obliquely forward left
finishing in ready position. Execute this again on
the other side starting with left foot followed by
right foot (R across L facing back) obliquely
backward right (use backhand for the stroke if
right dominant). To go back, step right foot to
original facing the other side of the cOurt and then
hop (jump) both feet finishing in lunge position

5. Front and Back/Forward Backward (Vice-Versa).

Starting in the Ready Position, gallop (like
hopping) 2-3 times backward towards the back
boundary line, facing the right side of the court
right foot. Using a racket, hit a shadow shuttle
moving the left foot in rear and right foot in front
(use forehand stroke if right dominant). Starting
with left foot, hop jump) both feet forward and
then do two (2) running steps forward finishing in
lunge position and simultaneously hitting a
shadow shuttle on the last step. Hop (jump) both
feet facing the left side of the court and then repeat
from the beginning (f left dominant, from the
beginning start with left foot facing the left side of
the court).

12
 BASIC TIPS

Smash - Badminton for Everyone (Instructional CD) by Paolo Bediones, 2004

1. Know your opponent. Height plays a vital role in playing the sport. If the player is tall, he/she will
have a hard time in drop shots and body shots. If shorter, the player has a disadvantage in rally
because the two steps of taller players are only equal to three-four steps of shorter ones.

2. Serve well. A good serve can get you a point.

3. Avoid lobbing. A player prefers to be in attack position rather than in a defense mode.

4. Focus on the game. Avoid destruction to the sides, court, spectators, etc. Concentrate on beating
the opponent/s.

5. Attack on the middle or in the body.

FAULTS IN BADMINTON

1. If the racket is higher than the server's hand

2. If the shuttlecock did not land in the correct court after the service
3. If the shuttlecock passed on or below the net
4. If the shuttlecock hits the ceiling
5. If the shuttlecock hits the clothing or body of the player
6. If the player hits the net.

LAWS OF BADMINTON

Approved at Badminton World Federation AGM, May 15, 2010. (As indicated in the Part
II of Section 1 -A of the Handbook, 2010-2011)

• Definitions

A. Player. Any person playing Badminton.

B. Match. The basic contest in Badminton between opposing sides each of 1 or 2 players.
C. Singles. A match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides.
D. Doubles. A match where there are two players on each of the opposing sides.
E. Serving side. The side having the right to serve.
F. Receiving side. The side opposing the serving side.
G. Rally. A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle
ceases to be in play.
H. Stroke. A movement of the player's racket with an intention to hit the shuttle.

13
• Court and Court Equipment

1.1 The court shall be a rectangle marked out with lines 40 mm wide.
1.2 The lines marking out the court shall be easily distinguishable and preferably colored
white or yellow.
1.3 All the lines shall form part of the area which they define.
1.4 The posts shall be 1.55 meters in height from the surface or the court and shall remain vertical
when the net is strained as provided in Law 1.10.
1.5 The posts shall be placed on the doubles side lines irrespective Or whether singles or doubles
is being played. The posts or its Supports shall not extend into the court beyond the side
lines.
1.6 The net shall be made of fine cord of dark color and even thickness with a mesh of not less
than 15 mm and not more than 20 mm.
1.7 The net shall be 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 meters wide.
1.8 The top of the net shall be edged with a 75 mm white tape doubled over a cord or cable
running through the tape. This tape shall rest upon the cord or cable.
1.9 The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly, flush with the top of the posts.
1.10 The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 meters at the center of the
court and
1.55 meters over the side lines for doubles.
1.1l There shall be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If necessary, the full depth
of the net at the ends shall be tied to the posts.

3. Shuttle

2.1 The shuttle shall be made of natural and/or synthetic materials. From whatever material the shuttle
is made, the flight characteristics generally shall be similar to those produced by a natural
feathered shuttle with a cork base covered by a thin layer of leather.

2.2 Feathered Shuttle

2.2.1 The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base.

2.2.2 The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62 mm to 70 mm when measured
from the tip to the top of the base.
2.2.3 The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68 mm.
2.2.4 The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material.
2.2.5 The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom.
2.2.6 The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 grams to 5.50 grams.

2.3 Non-Feathered Shuttle

2.3.1 The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, shall replace

natural feathers.
2.3.2 The base shall be as described in Law 2.2.5.

14
 2.3.3 Measurements and weight shall be as in Laws 2.2.2, 2.2.3 and 2.2.6. However,
because of the difference in the specific gravity and other properties of
synthetic materials in comparison with feathers, a variation of up to 10 percent
shall be acceptable.

2.4 Subject to there being no variation in the general design, speed and flight of
the shuttle, modifications in the above specifications may be made with the
approval of the Member Association concerned, in places where atmospheric
conditions due to either altitude or climate make the standard shuttle
unsuitable. Note: Diagonal length of full court = 14.723 m

3.Testing a Shuttle for Speed

3.1 To test a shuttle, a player shall use a full underhand stroke which makes contact
with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an
upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines.
3.2 A shuttle of correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990
mm short of the other back boundary line.

4. Racket
4.1 The racket shall be a frame not exceeding 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm
in overall width consisting of the main parts described in Laws 4.1.1 to 4.1.5
4.1.1 The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by a player.
4.1.2 The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended that a
player hits the shuttle.
4.1.3 The head bounds the stringed area.
4.1.4 The shaft connects the handle to the head (subject to Law 4.1.5)
4.1.5 The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head.

4.2 The stringed area:

4.2.1 shall be flat and consist of a pattern of crossed strings either alternately
interlaced or bonded where they cross. The stringing pattern shall be generally
uniform and, in particular, not less dense in the center than in any other area;
and
4.2.2 shall not exceed 280 mm in overall length and 220 mm in overall width.
However, the strings may extend into an area which otherwise would be the
throat, provided that
4.2.2.1 the width of the extended stringed area does not exceed 35 mm; and
4.2.2.2 the overall length of the stringed area does not exceed 330 mm.

4.3 The racket:

4.3.1 shall be free of attached objects and protrusions, other than those used solely
and specifically to limit or prevent wear and tear, or vibration, or to distribute

15
 weight, or to secure the handle by cord to the player's hand, and which are
reasonable in size and placement for such purposes; and
4.3.2 shall be free of any device that makes it possible for a player to change,
materially, the shape of the racket.

4. Equipment Compliance.

The Badminton World Federation shall rule on any question of whether any racket,
shuttle or equipment or any prototype used in the playing of Badminton complies with the
specifications. Such ruling may be undertaken on the Federation's initiative or on application
by any party with a bona fide interest, including any player, technical official, equipment
manufacturer or Member Association or member thereof.

5. Toss

6.1 Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall
exercise the choice in either Law 6.1.1 or 6.1.2:
6.1.1 to serve or receive first;
6.1.2 to start play at one end of the court or the other. 6.2 The side losing the toss shall then
exercise the remaining choice.
7. Scoring System .

7.1 A match shall consist of the best of three games, unless. otherwise arranged (Part II
Section 1B Appendix 2 and 3).
7.2 A game shall be won by the side which first scores 21 pointe except as provided in Law
7.4 and 7.5.
7.3 The side winning a rally shall add a point to its score. A side shall win a rally if the
opposing side commits a fault or the Shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the
surface of the court inside the opponent's court.
7. 4 I the score becomes 20-all, the side which gains a two-point lead first shall win that
game.
7..5 lf the score becomes 29-all, the side scoring the s0" point shall win that game.
7.6 .The side winning a game shall serve first in the next game.

8. Change of Ends

8.1 Players shall change ends 8.1.1 at the end of the first game;
8.1.2 at the end of the second game, if there is to be a third game; and
8.1.3 in the third game when a side first scores 11 points.

8.2 If the ends are not changed as indicated in Law 8.1, it shall be done so as soon as the
mistake is discovered and when the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall
stand.

16
9. Service

9.1 In a correct service,

9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server
and the receiver àre ready for the service. On completion of the backward
movement of server's racket head, any delay in the start of the service (Law 9.2),
shall be considered to be an undue delay;

9.1.2 the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts
without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;

9.1.3 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact with the
surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service (Law 9.2)
until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);

9.1.4 the server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;

9.1.5 the whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by the
server's racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the
body, level with the lowest part of the server's bottom rib;

9.1 .6 the shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing
in a downward direction;

9.1. 7 the movement of the server's racket shall continue Toward from the start of the
service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);

9.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the Server's racket to pass over the net
so that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver's service court (1.e., on or
within the boundary lines); and

9.1.9 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.

9.2 Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server's
racket head shall be the start of the service.

9.3 Once started (Law 9.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server's
racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle

9.4 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be
considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.

9.5 In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the partners may take up any
positions within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server or
receiver.

17
10. Singles

10.1 Serving and receiving courts

10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts
when the server has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
10.1.2 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service courts
when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game.
10.2 Order of play and position on court: In a rally, the shuttle be hit by the server and the
receiver alternately, from position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle Ceases
to be in play (Law 15) .

10.3 Scoring and serving

10.3.1 If the server wins a rally (Law 7.3), the server shall score a point. The server shall
then serve again from the alternate service court.
10.3.2 If the receiver wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiver the score a point. The receiver shall
then become the new server.

11 Doubles

11.3 Serving and receiving courts

11.3.1 A player of the serving side shall serve from the right service court when the
serving side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.

11.3.2 A player of the serving side shall serve from the let service court when the serving
side has scored an odd number of points in that game.

11.3.3 The player of the receiving side who served last shall stay in the same service
court from where he served last. The reverse pattern shall apply to the receivers
partner.

11.3.4 The player of the receiving side standing in the diagonally opposite service court
to the server shall DE the receiver.

11.3.5 The players shall not change their respective service courts until they win a point
when their side is serving

11.3.6 Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from the service court
corresponding to the serving sides score, except as provided in Law 12.

18
11.4 Order of play and position on court: After the service is returned in a rally, the shuttle may
be hit by either player of the serving side and either player of the receiving side alternately,
from a position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle cease to be in play (Law 15).

11.5 Scoring and serving

11.3.1 If the serving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the serving side shall score a point. The server
shall then serve again from the alternate service court.
11.3.2 If the receiving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiving side shall score a point. The
receiving side shall then become the new serving side
11.4 Sequence of serving. In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively:
11.4.1 from the initial server who started the game from the right service court
11.4.2 to the partner of the initial receiver
11.4.3 to the partner of the initial server
11.4.4 to the initial receiver
11.4.5 to the initial server, and so on
11.5 No player shall serve or receive out of turn, or receive two Consecutive services in the
same game, except as provided in Law 12.

11.6 Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player of
the losing side may receive first in the next game.

12 Service Court Errors

12.1 A service court error has been made when a player:
12.1.1 has served or received out of turn; or
12.1.2 has served or received from the wrong service court;

12.2 If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing score shall
stand.

13. Faults. It shall be a fault

13.1 if a service is not correct (Law 9.1);

13.2 if, in service, the shuttle:
13.2.1 is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top;
13.2.2 after passing over the net, is caught in the net; or
13.2.3 is hit by the receiver's partner;

13.3 if in play, the shuttle:

13.3.1 lands outside the boundaries of the court (1.e. not on or within the boundary
lines);
13.3.2 passes through or under the net 13.3.3 fails to pass over the net;

19
 13.3.4 touches the ceiling or side walls;
13.3.5 touches the person or dress of a player;
13.3.6 touches any other object or person outside the court: (where necessary on
account of the structure of the building, the local badminton authority may,
subject to the right of veto of its Member Association, make by. laws dealing
with cases in which a shuttle touches an obstruction).

13.3.7 is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke;

13.3.8 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the head
and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a fault,

13.3.9 is hit by a player and the player's partner successively; or

13.3.10 touches a player's racket and does not travel towards the opponent's court;

13.4 if, in play, a player:

13.4.1 touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress
13.4.2 invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except that the
striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a
stroke after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker's side of
the net;
13.4.3 invades an opponent's court under the net with racker or person such that an
opponent is obstructed o distracted; or
13.4.4 obstructs an opponent (i.e. prevents an opponent fro making a legal stroke
where the shuttle is followed ove the net);
13.4.5 deliberately distracts an opponent by any action suC as shouting or making
gestures;
13.5 if a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offence ch under Law 16.
14. Lets

14.1 Let shall be called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play.
14.2 It shall be a let, if:
14.2.1 the server serves before the receiver is ready (Law 9.4);
14.2.2 during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted;
14.2.3 after the service is returned, the shuttle is:
14.2.3.1caught on the net and remains suspended on its top; or
14.2.3.2after passing over the net is caught in the net;
14.2.4 during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the
rest of the shuttle;
14.2.5 in the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of the opposing side is
distracted by a coach;

20
 14.2.6 a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision; or 14.2.7
any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred.
14.3 When a let occurs, play since the last service shall not count and the player who served
last shall serve again.
15. Shuttle Not in Play. A shuttle is not in play when:
15.1 it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the striker's
side of the net;
15.2 it hits the surface of the court; or
15.3 a fault or a let has occurred.
16. Continuous Play, Misconduct and Penalties
16.1 Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except as allowed
in Laws.

16.2 Intervals:

16.2.1 not exceeding 60 seconds during each game when the leading score reaches 11
points; and
16.2.2 not exceeding 120 seconds between the first and second game, and between the
second and third game shall be allowed in all matches.

(For a televised match, the Referee may decide before the match that intervals as in Law are
mandatory and of fixed duration).

16.3 Suspension of play

16.3.1 When necessitated by circumstances not Within the control of the players, the umpire
may suspend play for such a period as the umpire may consider necessary
16.3.2 Under special circumstances the Referee may instruct the umpire to suspend play.
16.3.3 If play is suspended, the existing score shall stand and play shall be resumed from
that point.

16.4 Delay in play

16.4.1 Under no circumstances shall play be delayed to enable a player to recover

strength or wind or to receive advice

16.4.2 The umpire shall be the sole judge of any delay in play.

16.5 Advice and leaving the court

16.5.1 Only when the shuttle is not in play (Law 15), shall a. player be permitted to receive
advice during a match.
16.5.2 No player shall leave the court during a match without the umpire's permission, except
during the intervals as described in Law 16.2.

21
16.6 A player shall not:

16.6.1 deliberately cause delay in, or suspension of, play;

16.6.2 deliberately modify or damage the shuttle in order to change its speed or its flight;
16.6.3 behave in an offensive manner; or
16.6.4 be guilty of misconduct not otherwise covered by the Laws of Badminton.

16.7 Administration of breach

16.7.1 The umpire shall administer any breach of Law 16.4.1 16.5.2 or 16.6 by:
16.7.1.1issuing a warning to the offending side;
16.7.1.2faulting the offending side, if previously warned. Two such faults by a side
shall be considered to be a persistent offence; or 13. 50
16.7.2 in cases of flagrant offence, persistent offences or breach of Law l6.2 the umpire
shall fault the offending side and report the offending side immediately to the
Referee, who shall have the power to disqualify the offending side from the match.

17. Officials and Appeals

17.1 The Referee shall be in overall charge of the tournament or championship(s) of which
a match forms part.

17.2 The umpire, where appointed, shall be in charge of the match, the court and its immediate
surrounds. The umpire shall report to the Referee.

17.3 The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur (Law 9.1.2
to 9.1.8).

17.4 A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed in or out on the line(s) assigned.

17.5 An official's decision shall be final on all points of fact for which that official is
responsible except that if, in the opinion of the umpire, it is beyond reasonable doubt that
a line judge has clearly made a wrong call, the umpire shall overrule the decision of the
line judge.

17.6 An umpire shall:

17.6.1 uphold and enforce the Laws of Badminton and, especially, call a fault or a let
should either occur
17.6.2 give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before the next
service is delivered;
17.6.3 ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match;
17.6.4 appoint or replace line judges or a service judge in Consultation with the Referee
17.6.5 where another technical official is not appointed, arrange for that official's duties to
be carried out;

22
17.6.6 where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out that official's duties or play a let;
17.6.7 record and report to the Referee all matters relating to Law 16; and
17.6.8 refer to the Referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such appeals
must be made before the next service is delivered or, if at the end of the match, before
the side that appeals has left the court.)

Additional Learning:
https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton#:~:text=The%20roots%20of%20the%20spor
t,in%20India%20in%20the%201860s.
https://www.sportsrec.com/6612657/badminton-equipment-facilities
https://www.badmintonbc.com/page/2888/The-Laws-of-Badminton
https://www.badmintonsbest.com/blog/skills-you-need-to-play-badminton/
https://www.teachpe.com/badminton

23
 UNIT IV

INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is one of the most popular, competitive and recreational sports in the
world. It is fast, it is exciting and the action is explosive (FIVB, 2013) It has become
a widespread team sport in United States of America and throughout the world. The
game is open for young, adult and even the senior rank. It is played by six players as
the official game, two players as beach volleyball and sometimes even more for
recreational activities. The basic objective of the sport is to volley the ball over the
net. It is a game of skill, endurance and strategy. This game can play by any level
(beginners and elite). It is entertaining and enjoyable.

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF VOLLEYBALL

In 1895 Prof. William G. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of the Young
Men's Christian Association (YMCA) developed the game of volleyball, initially
called "mintonette" after the invention of basketball in 1891. He designed the game
to be a combination of basketball, baseball, softball, and tennis.
Before the development of volleyball, basketball game became popular recreation for
men. Unfortunately some people particularly older businessman rejected the
basketball because of body contact and the roughness or game. He comes up with the
idea of hitting the basketball back and forth by hand. He also considered the game
tennis, but rejected the idea because of the sport required balls, racquets, and nets
which were too expensive. However the concept of a net was a good idea to divide
the players. He put a net which is SIX Feet and six inches in height between two
groups of participants. 1nen he developed some rules and a mintonette was
developed. In 1896, Alfred Halstead, who is also a faculty member changed the name

24
mintonette to "'volleyball", after the game demonstration of Morgan. The rules may
vary and change. Some rules were similar and others were different, For example, in
the original game rules, any number of players could play regardless of gender and
status. The players were not allowed to touch the net. Other rules such as players did
not rotate and the court size was not standardized and even the height of the net. In
1912, the new version of the rules started. The court, height of net and the ball were
standardized, and the rule requiring the players to rotate clockwise before a serve was
established. In 1916, the YMCA and the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic
Association) published the rules and made added changes such as the height of the
net became eight feet, the game score set at 15, and the winner of the match which
the team that won two out of three games. The popularity of sport is rapidly rising as
a recreational and professional sport; participant and as a spectator sport.

PERIODICAL EVENTS OF VOLLEYBALL

In 1910, the game was introduced in the Philippines by Elwood Brown.
In 1913, Volleyball was played in Far Eastern Championship Games (Manila).
In 1916, "attack" which is an offensive skill of hitting the ball in a high trajectory was
introduced in the Philippines. In 1917, the scoring system was changed from 21 to 15
points (side-out).
In 1920, three hits per side were allowed and back row attack rules were instituted.
In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY.
Twenty-seven teams from 11 states were represented.
In 1930, the beach volleyball game was introduced consisting of two men a-side.
In 1947, Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB), the international
governing body of volleyball was founded.
In 1964, volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo as a medal sport.
In 1974, the World Championships was held in Mexico
.In 1986, Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
In 1995, marked the 100 years of the volleyball sport!
In 1996, two-person beach volleyball became an Olympic sport.

25
VOLLEYBALL COURT

26
THE NET AND COURT

The volleyball court measures 18 x 9 meters

Free zone that is 3 meters wide on all sides
Height of Net for women: 2.24 meters
Height of Net for men: 2.43 meters

LINES AND ZONES

Side line 18 meters

End line or Service Line 9 meters
Attack line 9 meters
Center line 9 meters
Back Zone or Back Row Area 6 meters
Front Zone or Front Row Area 3 meters

THE POSTS AND CABLE

Posts distance 0.5 to 1.0 meter outside the sidelines and 2.55 meters high.

THE ANTENNAE AND SIDE BANDS

Antennas are 1.8 meters long made of fiberglass

THE REFEREE'S STAND

It allows the referee to stand about four Feet above floor level. From this point, the
umpire or the official can see ne rally of the play, the action of the game and the illegal
movements committed by a player or a team.

THE BALL

27
 The Ball The ball is made of leather or synthetic leather, spherical and have a
circumference of 65-67 cm, a weight of 260-280 g and an inside pressure of 0.30-0.325
kg/cm2.

HOW TO PLAY
A team is made up of 12 players (6 starting players), 1 coach, and 1 asst. coach The
game is a rally point system, there will be a score once they committed error or fault
regardless if the team is serving or receiving team. For every set, there will be a twenty
five (25) points. A match is won when a team has won three sets out of five or, in a
"short match', when a team has won two sets out of three.
Tossing the coin or "toss coin" is done by the team captains before the Start of the first
game and another toss coin for the deciding set if needed. The Winning team captain
can choose service or preferred side of the court.
Positions and zones are important. The players in the front zoes are called the right front
(zone 2), center front (zone 3), and left front (zone 4). The three back row. players are
the left back (zone 5), the center back (zone 6), and the server or right back (zone 1).
After the side out, the new server moves from the right front zone (zone 2) to the right
back (zone 1). Players rotate clockwise.
Each team is allowed to have two time outs per set. Time outs are 30 seconds long.
For substitutions, a starting player can be replaced only one time per set. The substitute
player cannot return to the game once he or she is replaced by the original player.
Substitution made six times per set (international rules).
In the first contact, there will be no double violation; the player may hit the ball with
any part of the body.
Only three touches or contacts are allowed per side of the net. A fourth contact would
be a violation. For a common scenario pass, set, and attack would be the three normal
contacts that a team would make. The ball can be hit over the net with one and two
contacts are also allowed. A block is not counted as one of the three contacts.

TERMINOLOGIES
Ace. An successful in-bound legal serve, resulting in a point for the serving team.
Antennae. The vertical red and white flexible rods along the outside edge of the
net; they extend 32 inches above the net and indicate out of bounds along the sideline.
Assist. A ball pass or a set to a teammate, who attacks or hit the ball to the
opposite court.
Attack. The offensive action of hitting the ball; the attempt by one team to
terminate the play by hitting the ball to the opposite court.

28
 Attack line. A three-meter line parallel to the net; the attack line separates the
front-row players from the back-row players.
Attacker. Also known as the "hitter" or "spiker"; a player who attempts to hit a
ball offensively with the purpose of terminating the play in his or her team's favor.
Back-row attack. An attack in which a back-row player jumps from behind the
nine meter line.
Ready position. The flexed yet comfortable posture a player assumes before
moving to the point of contact.
Rotation. The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the
serving position.
Serve. The act of putting the ball in play.
Set. The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where a player can
attack or hit into the opponent's court.
Setter. The player who makes the set to the attackers.
Side-out. Occurs when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away
against the serving team, or when the serving team commits an unforced error; the
receiving team thus gains the right to serve.
Spike. Also "hit" or "attack"; a ball contacted with force by a player on the
offensive team with the intent to terminate the ball on the opponent's floor or off the
opponent's blocker
Target area. The area toward which the pass is directed; the setter is released
into this area to prepare to set.
Transition. The term for changing from offense to defense or defense to offense.
Underhand pass. Same as a bump or dig pass.
Volley. An overhand pass or set of the ball.
Zones. A numbering system that designates the placement of a player or the
target area of the ball.

UNIT V
BASIC SKILLS OF VOLLEYBALL

1. SERVING
is the act of putting the ball in play by a player sounds simple, but
actually it describes one of the most important plays in the game of
volleyball. ... The ball is held in the left hand to the front and right
side of the body so that it will be directly in line with the right hand.

29
Ø Underhand serve: The most common served used by the neophytes in the
lower level of tournament. It has a greater chance of achieving the 90
percent accuracy rate.

Ø Sidearm serve: the one side of the player that is going to serve the ball
should be turned towards the net or to the opponents' side. The ball should
rest on one palm. The arms of the server should be stretched or half
stretched at the level of the shoulder.

Ø Overhead (Frontal) Serve: Hitting the ball overhead.

30
 Ø Jump Serve: a type of volleyball serve where the player increases the
power and height of their serve by jumping into the hit.

2. SETTING

Setting is the second step of passing, and it can be done to either

dump the ball over into an undefended spot or to “set” the ball into
a position that allows the hitter to spike it over. The perfect set is a
high ball, just inches from the net.

Ø Forearm setting: Forearm Pass Forearm volleyball pass involves

hitting the ball in a controlled manner to your teammate.
The forearms are made into a flat platform, positioned ready for the
ball to come into contact. The arms aren't necessarily swung when
passing. Swinging the arms will result in a less controlled pass.

31
 Ø Overhead setting: overhead pass involves hitting the ball using
an overhead playing motion to direct the ball to your teammate. The
ball is played with the fingers using an overhead setting
action. Overhead Passing. Obviously, the goal of passing is to prevent
the ball from landing on the court.

3. BLOCK
A stuff block is when a player jumps above the net and blocks the ball back into
the person that spiked the ball.

Ø Kill or Attack: A kill is when a team spikes the ball and it is successfully
put away. A six pack occurs when a defensive player gets hit in the head or
face by a spiked ball. Also called a facial.

32
 Ø Floor Defense: the art of defending the ball behind the block, and often
requires player to dig or dive to keep the ball alive. Use this session and get
your players down and digging the ball, and turning offense into defense as
quickly as possible.

Exercise/Drills:

Online exercises/ Activity Sheets

Evaluation:

Oral Recitation/Performance task

References:
Adami, M. R. (2012). Aqua fitness

Anderson, J. L...& Martin, C. (1981).

Catapang, J.P. (1999) manual physical fitness.

Corbin, C. B.,&Lindsey, R. Fitness for life

33