LEATHER

AN INTRODUCTION
 GENERAL TERMS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LEATHER

LEATHER -- TANNED ANIMAL SKIN

TANNING – PROCESS OF CONVERTING THE SKINS INTO STABLE
AND UNPUTRIFIED MATERIAL CALLED LEATHER.
TANNERY – FACTORY WHERE THE LEATHER IS TANNED.
FULL CHORME -- TANNING COMPLETELY DONE WITH A MINERAL
TANNING AGENT “ CHROMIUM”
VEG TAN -- TANNING PROCESS COMPLETELY DONE WITH THE
VEGETABLE EXTRACTS , NUTS AND BARKS.
SEMI CHROME – TANNING PARTLY CHROME AND PARTLY VEG.
DYEING – UNIT PROCESS IN POST TANNING USED TO GET
THE DESIRE COLOUR TO THE LEATHER.
 GENERAL TERMS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LEATHER

SHAVING – UNIT OPERATION TO REDUCE THE THICKNESS OF

THE LEATHER
SPLITTING – UNIT OPERATION TO SPLIT THE THICK LEATHER IN
TO REQUIRED THICKNESS.
SKIVING – UNIT OPERATION TO REDUCE THE THICKNESS
ONLY ON THE EDGES OF A COMPONENT IN THE
MAKING OF LEATHER GOODS.
FINISHING - A PROCESS IN LEATHER MAKING WHERE THE
SURFACE IS PREPARED ACCORDING TO THE
CUSTOMER REQUIREMENT
 GENERAL TERMS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LEATHER

BUFFING – UNIT OPERATION IN WHICH THE FLESH SIDE OF

THE LEATHER IS ABRADED WITH A SAND PAPER
TO GET A CLEAN AND SMOOTH SURFACE.
SNUFFING -- UNIT OPERATION IN WHICH THE GRAIN SURFACE
IS ABRADED WITH A SAND PAPER TO GET A
SMOOTH VELEVTY NAP SURFACE
GLAZING -- THE FINISHING OPERATION TO GET A ANILINE
HIGH SHINE LEATHER
POLISHING -- THE FINISHING PROCESS TO GET A SMOOTH AND
MEDIUM SHINY SURFACE
 GENERAL TERMS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LEATHER

ANILINE -- INDICATES THE TYPE OF FINISHING WHERE THE

NATURAL GRAIN, TEXTURE, QUALITY IS NOT
COVERED WITH A COVERING PIGMENTS.
SEMI ANILINE – A TYPE OF FINISH WHERE THE COVERING IS
MADE WITHOUT LOSING THE NATURAL FEEL OF
THE LEATHER.
PIGMENTED – A TYPE OF FINISH WHERE THE DEFECTS IN THE
LEATHER IS COMPLETELY COVERED BY PIGMENTS
AND POLYMERS. THESE LEATHERS WILL NOT HAVE
NATURAL GRAIN AND FEEL.
 GENERAL TERMS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LEATHER

NUBUCK – TYPE OF FINISHED LEATHER WHICH BELONGS TO

ANILINE CATOGORY WHERE THE GRAIN SURFACE
IS ABRADED TO GET A SMOOTH VELEVTY NAP.
SUEDE -- TYPE OF LETHER WHERE THE FLESH SIDE IS
BUFFED TO GET A SMOOTH AND VELEVTY NAP.
PULL UP -- TYPE OF FINISH IN WHICH OILS WAS APPLIED TO
GET A SURFACE DARKENING AND COLOUR TURNS
LIGHTER WHEN PULLING OR BENDING THE
LEATHER.
DISTRESSED - DISTRESSED LOOK IN THE LEATHER OBTAINED BY
USING OILS AND WAXES IN THE FINISH.
 GENERAL TERMS TO KNOW MORE ABOUT LEATHER

HAIR ON HIDES -- THESE LEATHERS ARE TANNED IWTHOUT

REMOVING THE HAIR.
VELLUM -- TYPE OF LEATHER PREPARED FROM
LIMESPLIT TO GET A TRANSLUSCENT
SUBSTRATE.
TWO TONE -- TWO DIFFERENT CONTRAST COLOURS IS
APPLIED ON A TEXURED LEATHER EITHER
BY HAND OR BY MACHINE
EMBOSSING -- VARIOUS DESIGN IS OBTAINED BY
PRESSING TEXURED HOT PLATE ON THE
GRAIN SURFACE.
 COMMONLY USED ANIMAL SKINS
• COW
• BUFF
• GOAT
• SHEEP
• PIG
• SNAKE
• STINGRAY
• CROCODILE
• OSTRICH
• RABBIT
• DEER
• EEL
 COW
BABY CALF KIPS CALF
6 – 8 SQFT 8 – 12 SQFT 12 – 18 SQFT

COW SIDES COW HIDES SHOULDER

18 – 25 SQFT 25 + SQFT 10 – 14 SQFT

DOUBLE BUTT SINGLE BUTT BELLY

14 – 22 SQFT 8 – 12 SQFT 6 – 12 SQFT
SHAPE AND AREA OF FULL COW HIDES

MAX USABLE AREA

1.7M X 1.5M
SHAPE AND AREA OF FULL COW HIDES
RAW TO FINISHED LEATHER
RAW
TANNIN
G

WET BLUE/
EI
DYEING

CRUST
FINISHI
NG

FINISHED
LEATHER
 FINISHING

FINISHING

SEMI FOIL PU COATED

ANILINE PIGMENTED
ANILINE FINISHES LEATHER

NATURAL
NUBUCK SUEDE PULL UP PLAIN TEXTURED TEXTURED PLAIN
FINISHES
 LEATHER AND USAGE
• SHOES
• BAGS AND SMALL LEATHER GOODS
• GARMENTS
• BELTS AND SADDLERY/HARNESS
• UPHOLSTERY AND FURNITURES
 PRICING
LEATHER IS PRICING DEPENDS ON
• GRADE
• FINISH
• SIZE
AREA OF THE SKIN IS MEASURED BY SQUARE
FOOT OR SQUARE DECIMETER OR SQUARE
METER. GENERALLY PRICE IS GIVEN PER SQFT
OR PER SQMT.
 AREA COVERTION
• 1 SQFT = 9.29 SQ DCM
• 1 SQMT = 10.76 SQFT

EACH SKIN IS FROM DIFFERENT ANIMAL

THEREFORE EACH SKIN WILL HAVE A
DIFFERENT SHAPE AND AREA. EACH ARTICLE
WILL HAVE AN APPROXIMATE AVERAGE AREA.