Université Hassan 1 - Faculté d’Economie et de Gestion - Settat.

NOM : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · N o APOGEE : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
PRENOM : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · GROUPE : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Examen de Statistiques -S3- 2020/2021 : Durée : 1H.

Professeurs : Bouajaja (Groupe 1) ; Skalli (Groupe 2) et Redwane (Groupes 3 et 4)
Répondre aux questions en justifiant tout. Aucun document n’est autorisé.
Tous les tirages sont fait au hasard et avec remise.
Problème 1 :Une entreprise de matériel produit des pièces pour l’industrie. Dans un important
stock de ces pièces, on prélève au hasard 100 pièces pour vérification. Le stock est assez important
pour qu’on puisse assimiler ce prélèvement à un tirage avec remise de 100 pièces. On considère la
variable aléatoire X qui, à tout prélèvement de 100 pièces, associe le nombre de pièces défectueuses.
On suppose que la probabilité qu’une pièce soit défectueuse est égale à 0,02.
1/ Quelle est la loi suivie par X ?. Déterminer les paramètres de cette loi. (1 point)

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2/ Calculer, à 10−3 près (à 3 chiffres après la virgule), les probabilités P (A) et P (B) de chacun
des événements suivants :
A : ≺ il n’y a aucune pièce défectueuse ≻ ; B : ≺ il y’a au plus 2 pièces défectueuses ≻. (3 points)

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3/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi de Poisson de paramètre λ. Justifier cette approxi-
mation et déterminer λ. (1 point)

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4/ Calculer les probabilités P (A) et P (B) à l’aide de la table jointe. (2 points)

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5/ On suppose n = 400 et p = 0, 02. On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi normale N (µ ; σ).
Justifier cette approximation et déterminer µ et σ. (2 points)

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6/ : En utilisant la correction de la continuité ≺approximation d’une loi discrète par une loi
continue≻, calculer la probabilité d’avoir exactement 5 pièces défectueuses. (2 points)

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 Problème 2 : On a observé sur des entreprises le ratio CAF/D totales (Capacité d’Auto-Financement/Dettes).
Si celles-ci sont saines, ce ratio suit une loi normale d’espérance 0,7 et d’écart-type 0,18. Si elles sont
défaillantes, ces mêmes paramètres s’établissent respectivement à 0,1 et 0,15.
1/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio égal à 1 ? (1 point)

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2/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio compris entre 0,6 et 0,8
?(2 points)

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3/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises saines. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, de la proportion des entreprises (parmi les 100) qui ont un ratio
CAF/Dettes compris entre 0,6 et 0,8. (3 points)

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4/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises défaillantes. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, du ratio moyen CAF/Dettes totales enregistré par ces entreprises.
(3 points)

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 CORRECTION.
Problème 1 :1/ Quelle est la loi suivie par X ?. Déterminer les paramétres de cette loi. (1 point)
On a deux possibilités pour chaque pièce (bonne/défectueuse) : c’est une loi de Bernoulli. Les
productions des pièces sont indépendantes. La variable X suit une loi Binomiale : B(100 ; 0, 02)
2/ Calculer, à 10−3 près (3 chiffres après la virgule), les probabilités P (A) et P (B) de chacun des
événements suivants :
A : ≺ il n’y a aucune pièce défectueuse ≻ ; B : ≺ il y’a au plus 2 pièces défectueuses ≻. (3 points)
0
P (A) = C100 (0, 02)0 (0, 98)100 = 0, 132 = 13, 2%
P (X ≤ 2) = P (0) + P (1) + P (2) = 0, 132 + 0, 270 + 0, 273 = 0, 675 = 67, 5%
3/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi de Poisson de paramètre λ. Justifier cette approxi-
mation et déterminer λ. (1 point)

On a : n = 100 ≥ 30 ; p = 0, 02 = 2% ≤ 10% et np = 100 × 0, 02 = 2 < 5.

Par suite, on peut approcher la loi Binomiale B(100 ; 0, 02) par une loi de Poisson P(λ) avec
λ=n×p=2
4/ Calculer les probabilités P (A) et P (B) à l’aide de la table jointe. (2 points)

D’après la table de la loi P(2), on a :

P (A) = 0, 135 et P (X ≤ 2) = 0, 676

5/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi normale N (µ ; σ). Justifier cette approximation et
déterminer µ et σ. (2 points)

Comme n = 400 ≥ 30 ; np = 400 × 0, 02 = 8 ≥ 5 et n(1 − p) = 400 × 0, 98 = √ 392 ≥ 5, alors la loi

√ X est approchée par une loi normale N (µ ; σ) avec : µ = n × p = 8 et σ = n × p × (1 − p) =
de
400 × 0, 02 × 0, 98 = 2, 8
6/ : En utilisant la correction de la continuité ≺approximation d’une loi discrète par une loi
continue≻, calculer la probabilité d’avoir exactement 5 pièces défectueuses (2 points)

( 5, 5 − 8 ) ( 4, 5 − 8 )
P (X = 5) = P (5 − 0, 5 ≤ X ≤ 5 + 0, 5) = F −F
2, 8 2, 8
= F (−0, 89) − F (−1, 25) = F (1, 25) − F (0, 89) = 0, 8944 − 0, 8133 = 0, 0811 = 8, 11%
Problème 2 : On note par X : le ratio CAF/Dettes des entreprises saines, X = N (0, 7 ; 0, 18)
et par Y le ratio des entreprises défaillantes, Y = N (0, 1 ; 0, 15).
1/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio égal à 1 ? (1 point)

On a : P (X = 1) = 0 car X est une variable aléatoire continue.

2/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio compris entre 0,6 et 0,8
(2 points)

( 0, 8 − 0, 7 ) ( 0, 6 − 0, 7 )
P (0, 6 < X < 0, 8) = F −F = 2F (0, 55)−1 = 2×0, 7088−1 = 0, 4176 = 41, 76%
0, 18 0, 18
3/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises saines. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, de la proportion des entreprises (parmi les 100) qui ont un ratio
CAF/Dettes compris entre 0,6 et 0,8.. (3 points)

Soit P la
√distribution d’échantillonnage des proportions. On a : E(P ) = p = 0, 4176 et σ(P ) =
√
pq 0, 4176 × 0, 5824
= = 0, 0493. Comme n = 100 ≥ 30 ; n × p = 100 × 0, 4176 = 41, 76 ≥ 5 et
n 100
n × q = 58, 24 ≥ 5, alors P = N (0, 4176 ; 0, 0493). À 95 % on a : Z0,975 = 1, 96 et la marge d’erreur
√
pq
E = Z0,975 = 1, 96 × 0, 0493 = 0, 0966. Par suite : IA = [p − E ; p + E] = [32, 1% ; 51, 42%]
n
4/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises défaillantes. Donner un intervalle
d’acceptation de niveau de confiance 95 %, du ratio moyen CAF/Dettes totales enregistré par ces
entreprises. (3 points)
σ
Soit Y la distribution d’échantillonnage des moyennes. On a : E(Y ) = µ = 0, 1 et σ(Y ) = √ =
n
0, 015. Comme n = 100 ≥ 30 (ou encore Y suit une loi normale) alors Y = N (0, 1 ; 0, 015). À 95 %
on a : Z0,975 = 1, 96 et la marge d’erreur
σ
E = Z0,975 √ = 1, 96 × 0, 015 = 0, 0294. Par suite : IA = [p − E ; p + E] = [0, 0706 ; 0, 1294]
n
 Université Hassan 1 - Faculté d’Economie et de Gestion - Settat.

NOM : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · N o APOGEE : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
PRENOM : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · GROUPE : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Examen de Statistiques -S3- 2020/2021 : Durée : 1H.

Professeurs : Bouajaja (Groupe 1) ; Skalli (Groupe 2) et Redwane (Groupes 3 et 4)
Répondre aux questions en justifiant tout. Aucun document n’est autorisé.
Tous les tirages sont fait au hasard et avec remise.
Problème 1 :Une entreprise de matériel produit des pièces pour l’industrie. Dans un important
stock de ces pièces, on prélève au hasard 75 pièces pour vérification. Le stock est assez important
pour qu’on puisse assimiler ce prélèvement à un tirage avec remise de 75 pièces. On considère la
variable aléatoire X qui, à tout prélèvement de 75 pièces, associe le nombre de pièces défectueuses.
On suppose que la probabilité qu’une pièce soit défectueuse est égale à 0,06.
1/ Quelle est la loi suivie par X ?. Déterminer les paramètres de cette loi. (1 point)

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2/ Calculer, à 10−3 près (à 3 chiffres après la virgule), les probabilités P (A) et P (B) de chacun
des événements suivants :
A : ≺ il n’y a aucune pièce défectueuse ≻ ; B : ≺ il y’a au plus 2 pièces défectueuses ≻. (3 points)

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3/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi de Poisson de paramètre λ. Justifier cette approxi-
mation et déterminer λ. (1 point)

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4/ Calculer les probabilités P (A) et P (B) à l’aide de la table jointe. (2 points)

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5/ On suppose n = 600 et p = 0, 06. On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi normale N (µ ; σ).
Justifier cette approximation et déterminer µ et σ. (2 points)

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6/ : En utilisant la correction de la continuité ≺approximation d’une loi discrète par une loi
continue≻, calculer la probabilité d’avoir exactement 20 pièces défectueuses. (2 points)

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 Problème 2 : On a observé sur des entreprises le ratio CAF/D totales (Capacité d’Auto-Financement/Dettes).
Si celles-ci sont saines, ce ratio suit une loi normale d’espérance 0,8 et d’écart-type 0,24. Si elles sont
défaillantes, ces mêmes paramètres s’établissent respectivement à 0,15 et 0,25.
1/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio égal à 1 ? (1 point)

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2/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio compris entre 0,7 et 0,9
?(2 points)

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3/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises saines. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, de la proportion des entreprises (parmi les 100) qui ont un ratio
CAF/Dettes compris entre 0,7 et 0,9. (3 points)

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4/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises défaillantes. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, du ratio moyen CAF/Dettes totales enregistré par ces entreprises.
(3 points)

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 CORRECTION.
Problème 1 :1/ Quelle est la loi suivie par X ?. Déterminer les paramétres de cette loi. (1 point)
On a deux possibilités pour chaque pièce (bonne/défectueuse) : c’est une loi de Bernoulli. Les
productions des pièces sont indépendantes. La variable X suit une loi Binomiale : B(75 ; 0, 06)
2/ Calculer, à 10−3 près (3 chiffres après la virgule), les probabilités P (A) et P (B) de chacun des
événements suivants :
A : ≺ il n’y a aucune pièce défectueuse ≻ ; B : ≺ il y’a au plus 2 pièces défectueuses ≻. (3 points)
0
P (A) = C75 (0, 06)0 (0, 94)75 = 0, 009 = 0, 09%
P (X ≤ 2) = P (0) + P (1) + P (2) = 0, 009 + 0, 046 + 0, 109 = 0, 164 = 16, 4%
3/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi de Poisson de paramètre λ. Justifier cette approxi-
mation et déterminer λ. (1 point)

On a : n = 75 ≥ 30 ; p = 0, 06 = 6% ≤ 10% et np = 75 × 0, 06 = 4, 5 < 5.
Par suite, on peut approcher la loi Binomiale B(75 ; 0, 06) par une loi de Poisson P(λ) avec
λ = n × p = 4, 5
4/ Calculer les probabilités P (A) et P (B) à l’aide de la table jointe. (2 points)

D’après la table de la loi P(2), on a :

P (A) = 0, 0111 et P (X ≤ 2) = 0, 1736

5/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi normale N (µ ; σ). Justifier cette approximation et
déterminer µ et σ. (2 points)

Comme n = 600 ≥ 30 ; np = 600 × 0, 06 = 36 ≥ 5 et n(1 − p) = 600 × 0, 94 = √ 564 ≥ 5, alors la loi

de X est approchée par une loi normale N (µ ; σ) avec : µ = n × p = 36 et σ = n × p × (1 − p) =
√
600 × 0, 06 × 0, 94 = 5, 81
6/ : En utilisant la correction de la continuité ≺approximation d’une loi discrète par une loi
continue≻, calculer la probabilité d’avoir exactement 5 pièces défectueuses (2 points)

( 20, 5 − 36 ) ( 19, 5 − 36 )
P (X = 20) = P (20 − 0, 5 ≤ X ≤ 20 + 0, 5) = F −F
5, 81 5, 81
= F (−2, 66) − F (−2, 83) = F (2, 83) − F (2, 66) = 0, 9977 − 0, 9961 = 0, 0016 = 0, 16%
Problème 2 : On note par X : le ratio CAF/Dettes des entreprises saines, X = N (0, 8 ; 0, 24)
et par Y le ratio des entreprises défaillantes, Y = N (0, 15 ; 0, 25).
1/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio égal à 1 ? (1 point)

On a : P (X = 1) = 0 car X est une variable aléatoire continue.

2/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio compris entre 0,7 et 0,9
(2 points)

( 0, 9 − 0, 8 ) ( 0, 7 − 0, 8 )
P (0, 7 < X < 0, 9) = F −F = 2F (0, 41)−1 = 2×0, 6591−1 = 0, 3182 = 31, 82%
0, 24 0, 24
3/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises saines. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, de la proportion des entreprises (parmi les 100) qui ont un ratio
CAF/Dettes compris entre 0,7 et 0,9. (3 points)

Soit P la
√distribution d’échantillonnage des proportions. On a : E(P ) = p = 0, 3182 et σ(P ) =
√
pq 0, 3182 × 0, 6818
= = 0, 0465. Comme n = 100 ≥ 30 ; n × p = 100 × 0, 3182 = 31, 82 ≥ 5 et
n 100
n × q = 68, 18 ≥ 5, alors P = N (0, 3182 ; 0, 0465). À 95 % on a : Z0,975 = 1, 96 et la marge d’erreur
√
pq
E = Z0,975 = 1, 96 × 0, 0465 = 0, 0911. Par suite : IA = [p − E ; p + E] = [22, 71% ; 40, 93%]
n
4/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises défaillantes. Donner un intervalle
d’acceptation de niveau de confiance 95 %, du ratio moyen CAF/Dettes totales enregistré par ces
entreprises. (3 points)

Soit Y la distribution d’échantillonnage des moyennes. On a : E(Y ) = µ = 0, 15 et σ(Y ) =

σ
√ = 0, 025. Comme n = 100 ≥ 30 (ou encore Y suit une loi normale) alors Y = N (0, 15 ; 0, 025).
n
À 95 % on a : Z0,975 = 1, 96 et la marge d’erreur
σ
E = Z0,975 √ = 1, 96 × 0, 025 = 0, 049. Par suite : IA = [p − E ; p + E] = [0, 101 ; 0, 199]
n
 Université Hassan 1 - Faculté d’Economie et de Gestion - Settat.

NOM : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · N o APOGEE : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
PRENOM : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · GROUPE : · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Examen de Statistiques -S3- 2020/2021 : Durée : 1H.

Professeurs : Bouajaja (Groupe 1) ; Skalli (Groupe 2) et Redwane (Groupes 3 et 4)
Répondre aux questions en justifiant tout. Aucun document n’est autorisé.
Tous les tirages sont fait au hasard et avec remise.
Problème 1 :Une entreprise de matériel produit des pièces pour l’industrie. Dans un important
stock de ces pièces, on prélève au hasard 70 pièces pour vérification. Le stock est assez important
pour qu’on puisse assimiler ce prélèvement à un tirage avec remise de 70 pièces. On considère la
variable aléatoire X qui, à tout prélèvement de 70 pièces, associe le nombre de pièces défectueuses.
On suppose que la probabilité qu’une pièce soit défectueuse est égale à 0,05.
1/ Quelle est la loi suivie par X ?. Déterminer les paramètres de cette loi. (1 point)

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2/ Calculer, à 10−3 près (à 3 chiffres après la virgule), les probabilités P (A) et P (B) de chacun
des événements suivants :
A : ≺ il n’y a aucune pièce défectueuse ≻ ; B : ≺ il y’a au plus 2 pièces défectueuses ≻. (3 points)

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3/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi de Poisson de paramètre λ. Justifier cette approxi-
mation et déterminer λ. (1 point)

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4/ Calculer les probabilités P (A) et P (B) à l’aide de la table jointe. (2 points)

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5/ On suppose n = 500 et p = 0, 05. On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi normale N (µ ; σ).
Justifier cette approximation et déterminer µ et σ. (2 points)

····················································································································

6/ : En utilisant la correction de la continuité ≺approximation d’une loi discrète par une loi
continue≻, calculer la probabilité d’avoir exactement 15 pièces défectueuses. (2 points)

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 Problème 2 : On a observé sur des entreprises le ratio CAF/D totales (Capacité d’Auto-Financement/Dettes).
Si celles-ci sont saines, ce ratio suit une loi normale d’espérance 0,6 et d’écart-type 0,14. Si elles sont
défaillantes, ces mêmes paramètres s’établissent respectivement à 0,20 et 0,30.
1/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio égal à 1 ? (1 point)

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2/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio compris entre 0,5 et 0,7 ?
(2 points)

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3/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises saines. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, de la proportion des entreprises (parmi les 100) qui ont un ratio
CAF/Dettes compris entre 0,5 et 0,7. (3 points)

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4/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises défaillantes. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, du ratio moyen CAF/Dettes totales enregistré par ces entreprises.
(3 points)

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 CORRECTION.
Problème 1 :1/ Quelle est la loi suivie par X ?. Déterminer les paramétres de cette loi. (1 point)
On a deux possibilités pour chaque pièce (bonne/défectueuse) : c’est une loi de Bernoulli. Les
productions des pièces sont indépendantes. La variable X suit une loi Binomiale : B(70 ; 0, 05)
2/ Calculer, à 10−3 près (3 chiffres après la virgule), les probabilités P (A) et P (B) de chacun des
événements suivants :
A : ≺ il n’y a aucune pièce défectueuse ≻ ; B : ≺ il y’a au plus 2 pièces défectueuses ≻. (3 points)
0
P (A) = C70 (0, 05)0 (0, 95)70 = 0, 027 = 2, 7%
P (X ≤ 2) = P (0) + P (1) + P (2) = 0, 027 + 0, 101 + 0, 184 = 0, 312 = 31, 2%
3/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi de Poisson de paramètre λ. Justifier cette approxi-
mation et déterminer λ. (1 point)

On a : n = 70 ≥ 30 ; p = 0, 05 = 5% ≤ 10% et np = 70 × 0, 05 = 3, 5 < 5.
Par suite, on peut approcher la loi Binomiale B(70 ; 0, 05) par une loi de Poisson P(λ) avec
λ = n × p = 3, 5
4/ Calculer les probabilités P (A) et P (B) à l’aide de la table jointe. (2 points)

D’après la table de la loi P(3, 5), on a :

P (A) = 0, 0302 et P (X ≤ 2) = 0, 3208

5/ On approche la loi suivie par X par une loi normale N (µ ; σ). Justifier cette approximation et
déterminer µ et σ. (2 points)

Comme n = 500 ≥ 30 ; np = 500 × 0, 05 = 25 ≥ 5 et n(1 − p) = 500 × 0, 95 = √ 475 ≥ 5, alors la loi

de X est approchée par une loi normale N (µ ; σ) avec : µ = n × p = 25 et σ = n × p × (1 − p) =
√
500 × 0, 05 × 0, 95 = 4, 87
6/ : En utilisant la correction de la continuité ≺approximation d’une loi discrète par une loi
continue≻, calculer la probabilité d’avoir exactement 15 pièces défectueuses (2 points)

( 14, 5 − 25 ) ( 14, 5 − 25 )
P (X = 15) = P (15 − 0, 5 ≤ X ≤ 15 + 0, 5) = F −F
4, 87 4, 87
= F (−1, 95) − F (−2, 15) = F (2, 15) − F (1, 95) = 0, 9842 − 0, 97441 = 0, 0098 = 0, 98%
Problème 2 : On note par X : le ratio CAF/Dettes des entreprises saines, X = N (0, 6 ; 0, 14)
et par Y le ratio des entreprises défaillantes, Y = N (0, 20 ; 0, 30).
1/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio égal à 1 ? (1 point)

On a : P (X = 1) = 0 car X est une variable aléatoire continue.

2/ Quelle est la probabilité pour qu’une entreprise saine ait un ratio compris entre 0,5 et 0,7
(2 points)

( 0, 7 − 0, 6 ) ( 0, 5 − 0, 6 )
P (0, 5 < X < 0, 7) = F −F = 2F (0, 71)−1 = 2×0, 7611−1 = 0, 5222 = 52, 22%
0, 14 0, 14
3/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises saines. Donner un intervalle d’acceptation
de niveau de confiance 95 %, de la proportion des entreprises (parmi les 100) qui ont un ratio
CAF/Dettes compris entre 0,5 et 0,7. (3 points)

Soit P la
√distribution d’échantillonnage des proportions. On a : E(P ) = p = 0, 5222 et σ(P ) =
√
pq 0, 5222 × 0, 4778
= = 0, 0499. Comme n = 100 ≥ 30 ; n × p = 100 × 0, 5222 = 52, 22 ≥ 5 et
n 100
n × q = 47, 78 ≥ 5, alors P = N (0, 5222 ; 0, 0499). À 95 % on a : Z0,975 = 1, 96 et la marge d’erreur
√
pq
E = Z0,975 = 1, 96 × 0, 0499 = 0, 0978. Par suite : IA = [p − E ; p + E] = [42, 44% ; 62%]
n
4/ On tire au hasard 100 entreprises parmi les entreprises défaillantes. Donner un intervalle
d’acceptation de niveau de confiance 95 %, du ratio moyen CAF/Dettes totales enregistré par ces
entreprises. (3 points)

Soit Y la distribution d’échantillonnage des moyennes. On a : E(Y ) = µ = 0, 20 et σ(Y ) =

σ
√ = 0, 03. Comme n = 100 ≥ 30 (ou encore Y suit une loi normale) alors Y = N (0, 20 ; 0, 03). À
n
95 % on a : Z0,975 = 1, 96 et la marge d’erreur
σ
E = Z0,975 √ = 1, 96 × 0, 03 = 0, 0588. Par suite : IA = [p − E ; p + E] = [0, 1412 ; 0, 2588]
n