CBSE Class 12

Mathematics
Year 2023 Question Paper
Series: EF1GH/2 Set- 2

Code no. 65/2/2

Please check that this question paper contains 32 printed pages.

Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should
be written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
Please check that this question paper contains 38 questions.
Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
15 minutes of time has been allotted to read this question paper. The
question paper will be distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m.,
the students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on
the answer script during this period.

MATHEMATICS

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks:

80
General Instructions:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:

(i) This question paper comprises five Sections A, B, C, D and E. This

question paper carries 38 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Section A – Questions no. 1 to 20 comprises of 20 questions of 1
mark each.
(iii) Section B – Questions no. 21 to 25 comprises of 5 questions of 2 marks
each.
(iv) Section C – Questions no. 26 to 31 comprises of 6 questions of 3 marks
each.
(v) Section D – Questions no. 32 to 35 comprises of 4 questions of 5 marks
each.
(vi) Section E – Questions no. 36 to 38 comprises of 3 questions of 4 marks
each.
(vii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal
choice has been provided in 3 questions of one mark, 2 questions of two
marks, 2 questions of four marks and 2 questions of six marks. Only one of
the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
(viii) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section
and question, wherever necessary.
(ix) Use of calculators is not permitted.

SECTION - A
Question numbers 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
Question numbers 1 to 10 are multiple choice type questions. Select the
correct option.
0 1 
A= 
1. If  0 0  , then A2023 is equal to
0 1 
 
(a) 0 0 
0 2023
 0 
(b) 0
0 0 
 
(c) 0 0 
 2023 0 
 2023
(d)  0
Ans:
 0 1
A=
0 0 
0 1  0 1  0 0 
A2 =  =
0 0  0 0  0 0 
0 0  0 0
A2023 = A2021  A2 = A2021    = 0 0
 0 0   

2 0
5 4 = P + Q
2. If   , where P is a symmetric and Q is a skew symmetric

matrix, then Q is equal to

 5
2 2
 
5 4
(a)  2 

 −5 
0 2
 
5 0
(b)  2 

 5
0 2
 
 −5 0
(c)  2 

 −5 
2 2
 
5 4
(d)  2 
Ans:
2 0
5 4 = P + Q
 
Any matrix can be expressed as
1
( 1
A = A + AT + A − AT
2 2
) ( )
1  2 0 2 5 
Q =   − 
2   5 4   0 4  
1 0 −5
= 
2 5 0 
 −5 
0 2
= 
5 0
 2 

1 2 1
 2 3 1
 

3. If  3 a 1 is non-singular matrix and a  A , then the set A is
(a)

(b) 0

(c) 4

(d) − 4
Ans:
1 2 1
2 3 1 0
3 a 1

1( 3 − a ) − 2 ( 2 − 3) + 1( 2a − a )  0

3 − a + 2 + 2a − a  0

a−40
a4

A= − 4

4. If A = kA , where A is a square matrix of order 2, then the sum of all

possible values of k is
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 2
(d) 0
Ans:
A = kA

A = k2 A

k2 =1

k = 1

Sum = −1 + 1 = 0

d
 f ( x )  = ax + b
5. If dx and f ( 0 ) = 0 , then f ( x ) is equal to

(a) a + b
ax 2
+ bx
(b) 2
ax 2
+ bx + c
(c) 2

(d) b
Ans:
 d
dx
( f ( x ) ) = ax + b
Integrating on both sides
ax 2
f ( x) = + bx + c
2

Given f ( 0 ) = 0

0+0+c =0
ax 2
 f ( x) = + bx
2

 dy 
sin x + cos   = y 2
6. Degree of the differential equation  dx  is
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) not defined
(d) 0
Ans:
 dy 
sin x + cos   = y 2
 dx 
 dy 
cos   = y 2 − sin x
 dx 

= cos −1 ( y 2 − sin x )
dy
dx
Order = 1
Degree = 1

7. The integrating factor of the differential equation

(1 − y2 )
dx
dy
+ yx = ay, ( −1  y  1)
is
 1
(a) y − 1
2

1
(b) y2 − 1
1
(c) 1 − y
2

1
(d) 1 − y
2

Ans:

(1− y2
dx
dy
)
+ yx = ay

dx  y  ay
+ 2 
x=
dy  1 − y  1 − y2
y
 1− y 2 dy
IF = e
1 −2 y

−2 1− y 2
dy
=e
−1
ln 1− y 2
=e 2

−1
ln1− y 2 2
=e
−1
= (1 − y 2 ) 2

8. Unit vector along PQ , where coordinates of P and Q respectively are

( 2,1, −1) and ( 4,4, −7 ) , is
ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a) 2i + 3 j − 6k
ˆ ˆ ˆ
(b) −2i − 3 j + 6k
−2 ˆ 3 ˆ 6 ˆ
i − j+ k
(c) 7 7 7
 2ˆ 3 ˆ 6 ˆ
i + j− k
(d) 7 7 7
Ans:

PQ = ( 4 − 2) iˆ + ( 4 − 1) ˆj + ( −7 + 1) kˆ
= 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ
2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ 2 ˆ 3 ˆ 6 ˆ
PQ = = i + j− k
22 + 32 + 6 2 7 7 7

ˆ ˆ ˆ
9. Position vector of the mid-point of line segment AB is 3i + 2 j − 3k . If
ˆ ˆ ˆ
position vector of the point A is 2i + 3 j − 4k , then position vector of the point
B is
5iˆ 5 ˆj 7kˆ
+ −
(a) 2 2 2
ˆ ˆ ˆ
(b) 4i + j − 2k
ˆ ˆ ˆ
(c) 5i + 5 j − 7k
iˆ ˆj kˆ
− +
(d) 2 2 2
Ans:
 OA + OB
OM =
2
2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ + OB
3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ =
2
6iˆ + 4 ˆj − 6kˆ = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 4kˆ + OB

OB = 4iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
10. Projection of vector 2i + 3 j on the vector 3i − 2 j is
(a) 0
(b) 12
12
(c) 13
−12
(d) 13
Ans:

a = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj

b = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj

a b
b=
b
Projection of a on
6−6
= =0
10

11. Equation of a line passing through point (1,1,1) and parallel to z -axis is
x y z
= =
(a) 1 1 1
x −1 y −1 z −1
= =
(b) 1 1 1
 x y z −1
= =
(c) 0 0 1
x −1 y −1 z −1
= =
(d) 0 0 0
Ans:
Given point (1, 1, 1)
Parallel to z-axis DC → (0, 0, 1)
x −1 y −1 z −1
= = =
Equation of line 0 0 1

12. If the sum of numbers obtained on throwing a pair of dice is 9, then the
probability that number obtained on one of the dice is 4, is:
1
(a) 9
4
(b) 9
1
(c) 18
1
(d) 2
Ans:
Total possibilities = 6  6 = 36
Acceptable results = ( 4,5) & ( 5,4 )
2 1
= =
Probability 36 18

tan x − 1
13. Anti-derivative of tan x + 1 with respect to x is
 
sec2  − x  + c
(a) 4 
  
− sec2  − x  + c
(b) 4 
 
log sec  − x  + c
(c) 4 
 
− log sec  − x  + c
(d) 4 
Ans:
tan x − 1
tan x + 1
   
  h
tan  x −  dx = ln sec 

x −
h
 +C


14. If ( a, b ) , ( c, d ) and ( e, f ) are the vertices of ABC and  denotes the area
2
a c e
b d f
of ABC , then 1 1 1 is equal to
2
(a) 2
2
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) 4
Ans:
( a, b ) , ( c, d ) , ( e, f ) are vertices of triangle
a b 1
1
= c d 1=
2
Area e f 1
a b 1
c d 1 = 2
e f 1
 2 2
a c e a b 1
b d f =c d 1 = 4 2
1 1 1 e f 1

15. The function f ( x ) = x x is

(a) continuous and differentiable at x = 0 .

(b) continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 .

(c) differentiable but not continuous at x = 0 .

(d) neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 0 .

Ans:
f ( x) = x x

LHL = RHL = 0 Continuous

LHD = −2 x = 0 
 Differentiable
RHD = 2 x = 0 

x+ y dy
tan   = k,
16. If  x− y then dx is equal to
−y
(a) x
y
(b) x
 y
sec2  
(c) x
  y
− sec2  
(d) x
Ans:
x+ y
tan  =k
 x− y
x+ y
= tan −1 k
x− y

( x − y ) 1 +
dy   dy 
 − ( x + y ) 1 − 
  dx   dx  = 0
( x − y)
2

dy
( x − y − x − y) + ( x − y + x + y) = 0
dx
dy
−2 y + ( 2x) = 0
dx
dy y
 =
dx x

17. The objective function Z = ax + by of an LPP has maximum value 42 at

(4, 6) and minimum value 19 at (3, 2). Which of the following is true?

(a) a = 9, b = 1

(b) a = 5, b = 2

(c) a = 3, b = 5

(d) a = 5, b = 3
Ans:

4 x + 6 y = 12

3x + 2 y = 19
Solve the above two equations to find x & y .

18. The corner points of the feasible region of a linear programming problem are
 20 4 
( 0,4) , (8,0) and  3 3  . If Z = 30 x + 24 y is the objective function, then
,

(maximum value of Z – minimum value of Z) is equal to

(a) 40
(b) 96
(c) 120
(d) 136
Ans:

P1 : Z = 30 ( 0 ) + 24 ( 4 ) = 96

P2 : Z = 30 (8) + 24 ( 0 ) = 240

 20  4
P3 : Z = 30   + 24   = 200 + 32 = 232
 3  3

 Maximum value of Z – Minimum value of Z = 232 − 96 = 136

19. Assertion(A): Maximum value of (

cos x ) −1 2

is  .
2

 −  
−1  2 , 2 
Reason(R): Range of the principal value branch of cos x is .
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans:
cos −1 x   0,  
( cos x )
2
−1
 0,  2 

20. Assertion(A): If a line makes angles  ,  ,  with positive direction of the

coordinate axes, then sin  + sin  + sin  = 2 .
2 2 2

Reason(R): The sum of squares of the direction cosines of a line is 1.

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Ans:

l 2 + m2 + n 2 = 1

cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1

(1 − sin  ) + (1 − sin  ) + (1 − sin  ) = 1

2 2 2

3 − ( sin 2  + sin 2  + sin 2  ) = 1

 sin 2  + sin 2  + sin 2  = 2

SECTION - B
Question numbers 21 to 26 carry 2 marks each.
 3 
sin −1  sin  + cos −1 ( cos  ) + tan −1 (1)
21. (a) Evaluate  4  .
OR

(b) Draw the graph of cos x , where x   −1,0 . Also, write its range.
−1

Ans:
 3 
sin −1  sin  + cos ( cos  ) + tan (1)
−1 −1

(a)  4 
  1 
sin −1   + cos ( −1) + tan (1)
−1 −1

 2
  3
+ + =
4 4 2
OR
(b)

x   −1,0

 
cos −1 x   ,  
2 

22. A particle moves along the curve 3 y = ax + 1 such that at a point with x-
3

coordinate 1, y-coordinate is changing as fast at x-coordinate. Find the value of

a.
Ans:

23. If a , b , c are three non-zero unequal vectors such that a  b = a  c , then find

the angle between a and b − c .

Ans:

a b = a c
a b − a c = 0
( )
a b −c =0

 a ⊥ r (b − c )

 = 90

x y −1 z +1
= =
24. Find the coordinates of points on line 1 2 2 which are at a

distance of 11 units from origin.

Ans:

 d 2 y   dy 
2

y 2  +   = 0
25. (a) If y = ax + b , prove that  dx   dx  .
OR
 ax + b ; 0  x  1
f ( x) =  2
(b) If 2 x − x ; 1  x  2 is a differentiable function in (0, 2), then

find the values of a and b .

Ans:

(a) y = ax + b

y 2 = ax + b
dy
2y  =a
dx
d2y dy dy
2y  2 + 2  = 0
dx dx dx
 2
d 2 y  dy 
y 2 +  =0
dx  dx 
OR
 ax + b ; 0  x  1
f ( x) =  2
(b) 2 x − x ; 1  x  2

LHL = a + b
RHL = 2 − 1 = 1

 a + b =1
 a ; 0  x 1
 f ( x ) = 
4 x ; 1  x  2
LHD = RHD

a=4

 b = −3

SECTION - C
Question numbers 26 to 31 carry 3 mark each.

4

 log (1 + tan x ) dx
26. (a) Evaluate 0 .
OR
dx
 sin 3 x cos ( x −  ) .
(b) Find
Ans:
  1 − x + x2 
e
cot −1 x
  dx
 1+ x  .
2
27. Find
Ans:

log 3
1
 (e x
+ e− x )( e x − e − x )
dx
28. Evaluate log 2 .
Ans:
log 3
1
 (e x
+ e− x )( e x − e − x )
dx
log 2

log 3
e2 x
 ( e2 x + 1)( e2 x − 1) dx
log 2

Put e = t
2x

2  e x dx = dt
3
1 dt
 
2 2 ( t + 1)( t − 1)

1 ( t + 1) − ( t − 1)
3
=  dt
4 2 ( t + 1)( t − 1)
3
1 1 1
=  − dt
4 2 t −1 t +1
1
= ln ( t − 1) − ln ( t + 1) 2
3

4
1  t −1 
3

= ln  
4  t + 1 2
 1  2 1 1
= ln   − ln  
4  4 4 3
1 3
= ln  
4 2

29. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation:

( xy − x ) dy = y dx .
2 2

OR
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation:

( x2 + 1) dy
dx
+ 2 xy = x 2 + 4
.
Ans:

(a) (
xy − x )
2 2
dy = y 2 dx

dy y2
=
dx xy − x 2
2
 y
 
=  
dy x
dx  y 
  −1
x
y
=t
Put x

y = tx

dt t2
t + x =
dx t − 1
dt t2
x = −t
dx t − 1
 dt t 2 − t 2 + t
x =
dx t −1
dt t
x =
dx t − 1
t −1 dx
dt =
t x
 1 dx
 1 − t  dt =  x

t − ln t = ln x + C

y y
− ln = ln x + C
x x
y
= ln y + C
x
OR

(b)
(x 2
+ 1)
dy
dx
+ 2 xy = x 2 + 4

dy 2x x2 + 4
+ y= 2
dx x 2 + 1 x +1
2x
 x 2 +1dx
I.F. = e
ln x2 +1
=e = x2 + 1
x2 + 4
 y ( x + 1) =  ( x + 1)  2
2
dx + C
2

x +1
y ( x 2 + 1) =  x 2 + 4 + C
30. (a) Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn
containing equal number of red balls and green balls. Find the probability
distribution of number of red balls. Also, find the mean of the random variable.
OR
(b) A and B throw a die alternatively till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins the
game. Find their respective probabilities of winning, if A starts the game first.
Ans:
1 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1
P ( A) = +   +     + ...
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
2 4
1 5 1 5 1
= +    +    + ...
6 6 6 6 6
   
 
1 1  1 1 
=  =  
6   5 2  6  36 − 25 
1 −     36 
 6 
1  36  6
=  =
6  11  11
OR
5 1 5 5 5 1
P ( B ) =  +    + ...
6 6 6 6 6 6

1  5   5   5  
3 5

=   +   +   + ....
6  6   6   6  
 5   5 
 
1 1 
=  6 2=  6 
6   5   6  11 
1 −     36 
 6 
1 5 36 5
=   =
6 6 11 11
31. Solve the following linear programing problem graphically:

Minimize: Z = 5 x + 10 y

Subject to constraints: x + 2 y  120, x + y  60, x − 2 y  0, x  0, y  0

Ans:

x + 2 y  100 2 x + y  200

( 0,50 ) ( 0,200 )
(100,0 ) (100,0 )

B : x + 2 ( 2 x ) = 100

5 x = 100

x = 20

 y = 40

C : 2 x + 2 x = 200

4 x = 200

x = 50
y = 100

 A : Z = 0 + 2 ( 50 ) = 100

B : Z = 20 + 2 ( 40 ) = 100

C : Z = 50 + 2 (100 ) = 250

D : Z = 0 + 2 ( 200 ) = 400 → Maximum

SECTION - D
Question numbers 32 to 35 carry 5 mark each.

 −3 −2 −4  1 2 0

A= 2 1 
2 , B =  −2 −1 −2  ,
   
32. (a) If 
 2 1 3 
 
 0 −1 1  then find AB and use it to solve
the following system of equations:
x − 2y = 3

2x − y − z = 2

−2 y + z = 3
OR
cos  − sin  0
f ( ) =  sin  cos  0
 
(b) If  0 0 1  , prove that f ( )  f ( − ) = f ( −  ) .
Ans:
 −3 −2 −4   1 2 0 
AB =  2 1 2   −2 −1 −2 
  
(a)  2 1 3   0 −1 1 
  −3 + 4 + 0 −6 + 2 + 4 0 + 4 − 4 
=  2−2+0 4 − 1 − 2 0 − 2 + 2
 
 2 − 2 + 0 4 − 1 − 3 0 − 2 + 3 

1 0 0 
= 0 1 0  = I = AB
 
0 0 1 

 B −1 = A
According to equation

BX = C

X = B −1C = AC
 x   −3 −2 −4  3
 y  =  2 1 2   2
    
 z   2 1 3   3

 x   −9 + 4 + 6   1 
 y  =  −6 + 2 + 3  =  −1
     
 z   −12 + 4 + 9   1  Column by Column

x = 1, y = −1, z = 1
OR

(b) f ( )  f ( − )
cos  − sin  0   cos  − sin  0
 sin  cos  0   − sin  cos  0
  
 0 0 1   0 0 1 

cos  cos  + sin  sin  cos  sin  − sin  cos  0

sin  cos  − cos  sin  sin  sin  + cos  cos  0
 
 0 0 1 
cos ( −  ) − sin ( −  ) 0
 
 sin ( −  ) cos ( −  ) 0 = f ( −  )
 0 0 1 

33. (a) Find the equations of the diagonals of the parallelogram PQRS whose

vertices are P ( 4,2, −6 ) , Q ( 5, −3,1) , R (12,4,5) and S (11,9, −2 ) . Use these

equations to find the point of intersection of diagonals.
OR

(b) A line l passes through point ( −1,3, −2 ) and is perpendicular to both the
x y z x + 2 y −1 z +1
= = = =
lines 1 2 3 and −3 2 5 . Find the vector equation of the line l .
Hence, obtain its distance from origin.
Ans:

(a) P ( 4,2, −6 ) R (12,4,5)

Direction ratios: (12 − 4,4 − 2,5 + 6 )  (8,2,11)

x−4 y−2 z+6
D1 : = =
8 2 11

Point: (8 + 4,2 + 2,11 − 6 )

Q ( 5, −3,1) , S (11,9, −2 )

d.r’s: (11 − 5,9 + 3, −2 − 1)  ( 6,12, −3)

x − 5 y + 3 z −1
D2 : = =
6 12 −3

Point: ( 6 + 5,12 − 3, −3 + 1)

OR
 ˆ ˆ ˆ
(b) a = i + 2 j + 3k

b = −3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 5kˆ

iˆ ˆj kˆ
n = a b = 1 2 3
−3 2 5

= iˆ (10 − 6 ) − ˆj ( 5 + 9 ) + kˆ ( 2 + 6 )

= 4iˆ − 14 ˆj + 8kˆ

(
= 2 2iˆ − 7 ˆj + 4kˆ )
r = ( −iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ ) +  ( 2iˆ − 7 ˆj + 4kˆ )

Point A ( −1 + 2 ,3 − 7 , −2 + 4 )

OA = ( −1 + 2 ) iˆ + ( 3 − 7 ) ˆj + ( −2 + 4 ) kˆ

OA  n = 0

2 ( −1 + 2 ) − 7 ( 3 − 7 ) + 4 ( −2 + 4 ) = 0

−2 + 4 − 21 + 49 − 8 + 16 = 0

69 − 31 = 0

 =3

Point A ( 5, −18,10 )

OA = 52 + ( −18 ) + 102
2

= 25 + 324 + 100
= 449

34. Using integration, find the area of region bounded by line y = 3 x , the curve
y = 4 − x 2 and y-axis in first quadrant.
Ans:

1− 5
AB : y − 5 = ( x − 0)
−1 − 0

y − 5 = 4x

y = 4x + 5
2−5
BC : y − 5 = ( x − 0)
3−0

y − 5 = −x

y = −x + 5
1− 2
AC : y − 1 = ( x + 1)
−1 − 3

4 ( y − 1) = x + 1

4y + 4 = x +1
 x−3
y=
4
0 3
A =  AB − AC  dx +  BC − AC  dx
−1 0

A function f :  −4,4 → 0,4 is given by f ( x ) = 16 − x . Show that f is

2
35.

an onto function but not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘ a ’

for which f ( a ) = 7 .
Ans:

−4  x  4

0  x 2  16

−16  − x 2  0

0  16 − x 2  16

0  16 − x 2  4

 Codomain = Range
Hence onto function

Here, f ( − x ) = f ( x )

 f ( −1) = f (1)

f ( −2 ) = f ( 2 )

f ( −3) = f ( 3)

f ( −4 ) = f ( 4 )
Hence not one-one
 f (a) = 7

16 − a 2 = 7

16 − a 2 = 7

a 2 = 16 − 7 = 9

 a = 3

SECTION - E
Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 mark each.

36. Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all the
pistons of a piston engine. The piston moves inside the cylinder bore

The cylinder bore in the form of circular cylinder open at the top is to be made

from a metal sheet of area 75 cm .

2

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) If the radius of cylinder is r cm and height is h cm, then write the volume V
of cylinder in terms of radius r .
dV
(ii) Find dr .
(iii) (a) Find the radius of the cylinder when its volume is maximum.
 OR

(b) For maximum volume, h  r . State true or false and justify.

Ans:

A =  r 2 + 2 rh

75 =  r 2 + 2 rh

75 = r 2 + 2rh
75 − r 2
= =h
2r

(i) V =  r h
2

 75 − r 2 
=  r2  
 2r 

= r ( 75 − r 2 )
2

=
2
( 75r − r ) 3

dV 
= ( 75 − 3r 2 )
(ii) dr 2
dV
=0
(iii) (a) dr

 75 = 3r 2

r 2 = 25

r =5
OR
 30
h= =3
(b) 10

hr

37. Recent studies suggest that roughly 12% of the world population is left
handed.

Depending upon the parents, the chances of having a left handed child are as
follows:
A: When both father and mother are left handed:
Chances of left handed child is 24%.
B: When father is right handed and mother is left handed:
Chances of left handed child is 17%.
D: When both father and mother are right handed:
Chances of left handed child is 9%.
1
P ( A) = P ( B ) = P ( C ) = P ( D ) =
Assuming that 4 and L denotes the event that
child is left handed.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
L
P 
(i) Find  C 
L
P 
(ii) Find  A 
  A
P 
(iii) (a) Find  L 
OR
(b) Find the probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that
exactly one of the parents is left handed.
Ans:
L
P   = 0.17
(a) (i)  C 
L
P 
L
P  =  
A
(ii)  A  P ( L )
0.24
=
0.25 ( 0.24 + 0.22 + 0.17 + 0.09 )
OR
L L
P   + P   = 0.22 + 0.17 = 0.39
(b)  B  C

38. The use of electric vehicles will curb air pollution in the long run.

The use of electric vehicles is increasing every year and estimated electric vehicles

in use at any time t is given by the function V :

1 5
V ( t ) = t 3 − t 2 + 25t − 2
5 2
Where t represents the time and t = 1,2,3... corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003,
….. respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Can the above function be used to estimate number of vehicles in the year
2000? Justify.

(ii) Prove that function V ( t ) is an increasing function.

Ans:
(i) No

For year 2000, t = 0

 V ( 0 ) = −2
Not possible
dV 3 2
= t − 5t + 25
(ii) dt 5
3
D = ( −5 ) − 4   ( 25 )
2

5

= 25 − 60  0
dV
 0
dt
Increasing function.