Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Drilling Cutting motion (V)

Machining operations used to create a round hole

in work parts not as the boring operation that is
used in enlarging the holes. Feed
motion
It is performed with a cylindrical tool that has two
cutting edges which is called drill or drill bit.
The rotating drill feeds in the stationary work part
form hole whose its diameter is determined by the
drill diameter.
This operations are performed on a drill press or
other machines tool such as turning or milling.

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Twist drill (types and geometry)

Twist drill:
•Diameter between 0.15 to 75 mm.
•Helix angle around 30º.
•Point angle is 118º.

The cutting action of the drill is complex.

The cutting is most effective at the outer
diameter and least effective at the drill
point (why).

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

•A large thrust force is required to drive the drill

forward into the hole.
•At the beginning of the operation the chisel edge
tends to wander on the surface, causing loss of
position accuracy.

•Chip removing in drilling.

•Friction in drilling.
•The hole depth is limited to four times the drill diameter (why).
•How to cooling the drill and the workpiece.
•The material of the twist drill is high speed steel and the outer shell is
hardened while the inner core is relatively tough.
•Grinding is used to sharpen the cutting edges and shape the drill point.

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Cutting conditions in drilling

1- Machining Time
fr = N * f fr feed rate mm/min
f feed mm/rev
1000V V speed m/min
N=
 *D N
D
No. of revolution (rpm)
drill diameter (mm)
Through hole Blind hole
t+A
Tm =
fr Tm = d
fr
 
A = 0.5 * D * tan  90 −  d hole depth.
 2
A approach allowance
t work thickness

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

2- Metal removal rate

 * D 2* f r
MRR = mm3/min
4
3- Cutting power

2NT T torque
Power = KW C constant depending on the
60000 work material

T = Cf 0.75D1.8 N.m f mm/rev

D mm

Work Aluminum Soft brass C.I Mild steel Carbon

material steel
C 0.11 0.084 0.07 0.36 0.4

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Operations related to drilling

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Tapping operation

Steps for making holes.

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Drill presses

1- Upright drill press &

bench drill

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Radial drill

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Gang drill
Consisting of two to six upright
drill connecting together in a line
arrangement.

Each spindle is powered and

controlled separately and they
shared a common worktable.

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Multiple spindle

In this machine type several drill spindles

are connected to drill multiple holes in the
same time into the workpart.

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

CNC turret drill

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Drill holding

Sleeve

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Production Engineering (1) Chapter 5 Drilling ENG121

Work holding
• The work is holding in vice or jig.
• Jig is a work holding device specially designed for the work part. The
jig is provided means of guiding tool during the drilling operations.
• Jig is used to get high accuracy in positioning work part relative to
machine head, faster production rate and greater operator fitness in
use.

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