There are several reasons causing the poor education system in the Philippines.

First, Kritz
(2019 in Regalado, 2020) found that excessive schoolwork makes pupils in public schools less
motivated. According to Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), Philippines has
been one of the lowest performing countries as shown by their data where 15-year-old-students
score’s average is below the expected given level (Orbeta Jr. & Paqueo, 2022). Second,
according to Maligalig et. al. (2010) poverty is also a significant problem in the education system
as because of this, several children drop out of school every year. In fact, their study found that
an increase in Professional Tax Receipt (PTR) increases the odds of not attending school for
ages 13-16. Third, teacher training and development has been a problem in the country for the
past years deteriorating the quality of education in the Philippines (Sergio, 2012). In addition,
aside from lack of training, Regalado (2020) states poor learning facilities and lack of access to
learning materials also leads to low teacher commitment. Lastly, according to Calderon (2014),
while upgrading the Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) to the new K-12 Curriculum is good,
outdated curriculum might hinder the success of this plan as there is not enough learning materials
to cope with the new demand of the curriculum. She added that because of the lack of new
learning materials, especially in public schools, teachers would sit down and ask their students to
write down notes or worse, mass promotion of students regardless of the student's performance.
In conclusion, in order for Filipino students to have a better education system, people in authority
must solve these problems.

References:
Asian Development Bank. (2010). Education outcomes in the Philippines. ADB Economics
Working Paper, Series No. 199.
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28409/economics-wp199.pdf
Calderon M. T. F. (2014). A critique of K-12 Philippine education system. International Journal of
Education and Research, 2 (10).
https://www.ijern.com/journal/2014/October-2014/42.pdf

Orbeta Jr., A. C. & Paqueo, V. B. (2022). Philippine education: Situationer, challenges, and ways
forward. PIDS Discussion Paper, Series 2022-2023.
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/document/pidsdps2223.pdf
Regalado P. M. (2020). The reality of Philippine education: A photovoice participatory action
research. International Forum, 23 (2), pp. 22-39.
file:///C:/Users/Hello/Downloads/310-Article%20Text-574-1-10-20210114.pdf

Sergio M. R. (2012). K-12 Education reform: Problems and prospects. Gib´on, 9 pp. 70–80.
https://www.adnu.edu.ph/urc/download/p070p080.pdf