TIMELINE AND HISTORY

OF COMPUTERS

1801: JOSEPH MARIE

JACQUARD
a French merchant and inventor
invents a loom that uses punched
wooden cards to automatically
weave fabric designs. Early
computers would use similar
punch cards.

1821: CHARLES BABBAGE

conceives of a steam-driven
calculating machine that would be
able to compute tables of numbers.

1853: PER GEORGE

SCHEUTZ
The machine is significant for
being the first to "compute tabular
differences and print the results,"
according to Uta C. Merzbach's
book, "Georg Scheutz and the First
Printing Calculator"

1931: VANNEVAR BUSH

invents and builds the Differential

Analyzer, the first large-scale
automatic general-purpose
mechanical analog computer,
according to Stanford University.

1937: JOHN VINCENT

ATANASOFF
a professor of physics and
mathematics at Iowa State
University, submits a grant
proposal to build the first electric-
only computer, without using
gears, cams, belts or shafts.
 1945: JOHN MAUCHLY AND
J. PRESPER ECKERT

design and build the Electronic

Numerical Integrator and
Calculator (ENIAC).

1953: GRACE HOPPER

develops the first computer

language, which eventually
becomes known as COBOL, which
stands for COmmon, Business-
Oriented Language according to
the National Museum of American
History.

1968: DOUGLAS
ENGELBART
His presentation, called "A
Research Center for Augmenting
Human Intellect" includes a live
demonstration of his computer,
including a mouse and a
graphical user interface (GUI),
according to the Doug Engelbart
Institute.

1972: RALPH BAER

a German-American engineer,
releases Magnavox Odyssey, the
world's first home game console, in
September 1972 , according to the
Computer Museum of America.

1976: STEVE WOZNIAK

the first computer with a single-

circuit board and ROM (Read Only
Memory), according to MIT.
 1983: APPLE LISA

standing for "Local Integrated

Software Architecture" but also the
name of Steve Jobs' daughter,
according to the National Museum
of American History (NMAH), is the
first personal computer to feature
a GUI.

2001: MAC OS X

later renamed OS X then simply

macOS, is released by Apple as the
successor to its standard Mac
Operating System.

2006: MACBOOK

from Apple hits the shelves. The

Pro is the company's first Intel-
based, dual-core mobile
computer.

2016: THE FIRST QUANTUM

COMPUTER
"Until now, there hasn't been any
quantum-computing platform that
had the capability to program new
algorithms into their system.