Test Bank for Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 7th Edition, Michael Goldberg, Janice Fischer

Test Bank for Genetics: From Genes to Genomes,

7th Edition, Michael Goldberg, Janice Fischer, Leroy
Hood Leland Hartwell

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Student name:__________
CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1) Which statement(s) about the rII− strain of T4 bacteriophage that Benzer studied is (are)
true?

A) It grows in E. coli K(λ), but not in E. coli B.

B) It grows in E. coli B, but not in E. coli K(λ).
C) It produces larger plaques than wild-type.
D) It produces smaller plaques than wild-type.

2) Which are important aspects of a complementation test done by coinfection of bacterial

cells with phage T4?

A) counting the number of plaques that are produced after infection of E. coli K(λ)
cells
B) using sufficient amounts of two phage strains; each with different mutations
C) infecting bacteria with two phage strains that have recessive mutations
D) recovering phage from the plaques after growth and lysis

3) What level(s) of protein structure could be affected by a nucleotide substitution that

results in an amino acid change in a polypeptide?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) There will be no structural changes.

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
4) What is true about the mutations within a complementation group?

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 A) They produce the same mutant phenotype.
B) They complement each other and are in the same gene.
C) They do not complement each other and are in the same gene.
D) They complement each other and are in different genes.
E) They do not complement each other and are in different genes.

5) A plaque is

A) a colony of bacteria growing on a plate.

B) a clump of bacterial cells that contain phage within them.
C) a region on a plate where bacteria that have survived phage infection are living.
D) an area on a plate that has live phage-resistant bacteria.
E) an area on a plate that has phage and dead bacteria.

6) One strain of rII− phage has a deletion in the rII region, another has a point mutation in
the rII region. When E. coli K(λ) cells are infected with either rII− phage (not both) no
plaques form. When E. coli K(λ) cells are infected with both rII− phage simultaneously
plaques do form. Why do plaques form when E. coli K(λ) cells are infected with both types of
rII− phage simultaneously?

A) Recombination between the two phage genomes resulted in a wild-type phage.

B) The two phage have mutations in different rII genes and their genomes complement
each other.
C) A protein made by the deletion phage can repair the DNA of the phage with the point
mutation.
D) Bacteria can survive infection with one phage, but they cannot survive infection with
two phages.

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7) What is the correct order of events that occur during one round of infection by
bacteriophage T4?
1) The bacterial cell is lysed.
2) Phage proteins and DNA are synthesized, and bacterial DNA is degraded.
3) New phages are assembled.
4) The phage head proteins enter the bacterial cell.
5) The phage injects DNA into the bacterial cell.

A) 4, 2, 3, 1
B) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
C) 5, 1, 2, 3
D) 5, 2, 3, 1
E) 4, 5, 3, 1

8) How many progeny phage are released when a single E. coli cell is lysed by phage T4?

A) between 1 and 10
B) between 10 and 100
C) between 100 and 1,000
D) about 10,000
E) about 100,000

9) A researcher is studying coat color in mice. Wild-type fur in mice is brown. Three pure-
breeding strains of mice with white fur have been isolated. The strains are called milky, blanc,
and weiss. White fur is a recessivecharacteristic in each strain. These mice are crossed to each
other in pairs and the progeny phenotypes are recorded.
milky × blanc = all white progeny
milky × weiss = all brown progeny
blanc × weiss = all brown progeny
What conclusion is consistent with these results?

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 A) All three strains have mutations in the same gene.
B) All three strains have mutations in different genes.
C) The milky and blanc strains have mutations in the same gene; weiss has a mutation in
a different gene.
D) The milky and weiss strains have mutations in the same gene; blanc has a mutation
in a different gene.
E) The weiss and blanc strains have mutations in the same gene; milky has a mutation in
a different gene.

10) Which statement about biochemical pathways is correct?

A) All enzymes in the pathway catalyze the same reaction.

B) If an enzyme in a pathway is absent, adding excessive amounts of its substrate will
restore the normal phenotype.
C) If an enzyme in a pathway is absent, adding excessive amounts of its product will
restore the normal phenotype.
D) If the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in a pathway is absent, all the other
enzymes will be inactivated.
E) If the first enzyme in a pathway is absent, adding the final product will not restore the
normal phenotype.

11) In the human genetic disorder alkaptonuria, urine turns black because of the presence of
homogentisic acid in individuals with the trait. This is due to

A) the presence of large amounts of homogentisic acid in the diet.

B) failure of individuals with alkaptonuria to manufacture enzymes involved in the
synthesis of homogentisic acid.
C) failure of wild-type individuals to manufacture enzymes involved in the synthesis of
homogentisic acid.
D) failure of the kidneys to remove homogentisic acid from the urine.
E) failure of individuals with alkaptonuria to manufacture enzymes involved in the
breakdown of homogentisic acid.

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12) Consider the pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine in Neurospora:

Mutant strains of Neurospora may carry one or more mutations. Neurospora mutant strain a is
grown on minimal media plus supplements as shown. Growth is shown by (+) and no growth is
shown by (o). Growing strain “a” cells accumulate citrulline.

Which statement is true about strain a?

A) It has one mutation in ARG-H.

B) It has two mutations, one in ARG-F and one in ARG-H.
C) It has two mutations, one in ARG-E and one in ARG-H.
D) It has two mutations, one in ARG-E and one in ARG-F.
E) It has mutations in ARG-E, ARG-F, and ARG-H.

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13) Consider the pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine in Neurospora:

Mutant strains of Neurosporamay carry one or more mutations. Neurosporamutants strain a

and strain b are grown on minimal media plus supplements as shown. Growth is shown by + and
no growth by o.

What can you conclude from these data?

A) Strain a has only one mutation and it is in ARG-E.

B) Strain b has only one mutation and it is in ARG-H.
C) Strain a has a mutation in ARG-F and strain b has a mutation in ARG-E.
D) Strain b has mutations in ARG-E, ARG-F, and ARG-H.

14) Which statement about amino acids is false?

A) Every amino acid contains a carboxyl group.

B) The side chain or R group is the same in each amino acid.
C) In a polypeptide, amino acids are joined by peptide bonds.
D) One end of a polypeptide, the N terminus, contains a free amino group.

15) Which statement about amino acids is false?

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 A) A polypeptide is made up of several amino acids attached by peptide bonds.
B) Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds that form between two amino groups.
C) The C terminus of a polypeptide chain contains a free carboxylic acid group.
D) Each type of amino acid has a unique R group.

16) Which condition does not involve a defect in an enzyme pathway?

A) Alkaptonuria
B) Albinism
C) Sickle-cell disease
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

17) Which interaction is not involved in maintaining tertiary structure in protein molecules?

A) covalent bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) electrostatic interactions
E) All of the choices may be involved in maintaining tertiary structure in proteins.

18) Sickle-cell disease is due to

A) the insertion of an amino acid.

B) the deletion of an amino acid.
C) substitution of an amino acid.
D) failure to synthesize a hemoglobin molecule.
E) deletion of the β-globin gene.

19) Which statement about sickle-cell disease is false?

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 A) Individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle-cell allele cannot make hemoglobin.
B) The sickle-cell hemoglobin molecule contains an amino acid substitution.
C) The hemoglobin molecules of an individual with sickle-cell disease clump together.
D) The red blood cells of an individual with sickle-cell disease distort and elongate.

20) In a polypeptide, what level of structure refers to a localized region that takes on a
particular geometry?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) both tertiary and quaternary structures

21) Interaction between two distinct polypeptide chains is what type of structure in a protein?

A) primary structure
B) secondary structures
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) both primary and secondary structure

22) The photoreceptor protein rhodopsin

A) is found in cone cells and is sensitive to weak light at many wavelengths.

B) is found in rod cells and is sensitive to weak light at many wavelengths.
C) is found in cone cells and is responsible for blue color vision.
D) is found in rod cells and is responsible for red color vision.
E) is missing in individuals who exhibit red-green color blindness.

23) Examination of the rhodopsin gene family provides evidence for gene evolution by

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 A) duplication and divergence.
B) accumulation of random mutations.
C) convergent evolution.
D) spontaneous generation.

24) Red-green color blindness is more common in males than females because

A) the red pigment gene is on the X chromosome, the green is on an autosome.

B) the green pigment gene is on the X chromosome, the red is on an autosome.
C) the rhodopsin gene is on the X chromosome.
D) both the red and the green pigment genes are on the X chromosome.
E) both the red and the green pigment genes are on an autosome.

25) Assume that a series of compounds has been discovered in Neurospora. Compounds A–F
appear to be intermediates in a biochemical pathway. Conversion of one intermediate to the next
is controlled by enzymes that are encoded by genes. Several mutations in these genes have been
identified and Neurospora strains 1–4 each contain a single mutation. Strains 1–4 are grown on
minimal media supplemented with one of the compounds A–F. The ability of each strain to grow
when supplemented with different compounds is shown in the table (+ = growth; o = no growth).
Which biochemical pathway fits the data presented?

Media Supplement
Strain A B C D E F
1 o o o + + +
2 o o o o + +
3 o o o o + o
4 o o + + + +

A) A→B→C→D→E→F
B) A→B→C→F→D→E
C) F→B→C→D→A→E
D) A→B→C→D→F→E
E) A→B→F→E→C→D

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SECTION BREAK. Answer all the part questions.
26) Shown below are the maps of a series of rII− deletion strains (1–5). The deleted region is
indicated as (......) and the intact region as ______.

1 ___________(...........)_______________

2 _________________(...........)_________

3 (.....................)_____________________

4 ________________________(................)

5 _____(..........)______________________

rII− phage strains A-E have point mutations in the rII region. E.coli K(λ) cells are coinfected
with one phage that has a deletion and one phage that has a point mutation. The presence of
wild-type progeny phage is assessed by the presence (+) or absence (o) of plaques.
1 2 3 4 5

A + o + + +
B o + + + +
C + + + o +
D + + o + +
E + + o + o

26.1) Indicate the order of the point mutations in the rII region.

A) CADBE
B) DEBAC
C) BADCE
D) ABDEC
E) CEADB

26.2) The test described here is a recombination test.

⊚ true
⊚ false

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27) Shown below are the maps of a series of rII− deletion strains (1–5). The deleted region is
indicated as (......) and the intact region as ______. Note that strain 5 carries two different
deletions.
1 ___________(...........)_______________

2 _________________(...........)_________

3 (.....................)_____________________

4 ________________________(................)

5 _____(..........)________________(.........)
rII− phage strains A-E have point mutations in the rII region. E.coli K(λ) cells are coinfected
with one phage that has a deletion and one phage that has a point mutation. The presence of
wild-type progeny phage is assessed by the presence (+) or absence (o) of plaques.
1 2 3 4 5

A + + o + o
B + o + + +
C + + o + +
D o + + + +
E + + + o o

27.1) Indicate the order of the point mutations in the rII region.

A) CADBE
B) DEBAC
C) BADCE
D) ABDEC
E) CEADB

27.2) The test described here depends on recombination.

⊚ true
⊚ false

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28) A researcher is studying the rII locus of phage T4. FourrII− strains are obtained: A, B, C,
and D. In the first experiment, E. coli strain K(λ) is coinfected with two rII− strains
simultaneously and the results are recorded.
Infection with A and B phage = lysis occurs
Infection with A and C phage = lysis occurs
Infection with B and C phage = no lysis occurs
Infection with B and D phage = no lysis occurs
Infection with C and D phage = no lysis occurs
In a second experiment, coinfections are performed first in E. coli strain B, then the progeny
phage are used to infect E. coli strain K(λ).
Progeny of A and B phage = plaques form
Progeny of B and C phage = plaques form
Progeny of C and D phage = plaques form
Progeny of B and D phage = no plaques from

28.1) Which conclusions are consistent with these data?

A) Strains A and B carry mutations in the same gene.

B) Strains B and D both carry the same mutation.
C) Strains B, C, and D carry mutations in the same gene.
D) Strain A carries a mutation in a different gene than strains B, C, and D.
E) Strains B and C both carry the same mutation.
F) A, B, C, and D carry mutations in the same gene.

28.2) Experiment 1 depends on recombination.

⊚ true
⊚ false

28.3) Experiment 2 depends on recombination.

⊚ true
⊚ false

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29) Fruit flies normally have red eyes. Eight different true-breeding strains of fly with white
eyes have been identified (A-H). In each strain, the white eye trait is due to an autosomal
recessive allele. It is possible that all eight strains have mutations in the same gene.
Alternatively, some or all of the strains may have mutations in different genes. To determine
how many genes are involved in eye color in these flies, all possible pairwise crosses are
performed. The offspring phenotypes resulting from each cross are observed. (+ = wild-type; − =
mutant)

29.1) Which strains’ mutations represent a complementation group?

A) C, D, F
B) A, B
C) E
D) A, B, E, G, H
E) A, B, E, H

29.2) Based on these crosses, how many different eye color genes are mutant in all of
these strains collectively?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8

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Answer Key

Test name: Hartwell 8

1) [B, C]
2) [B, C]
3) [A, B, C, D]
4) C
5) E
6) B
7) D
8) C
9) C
10) C
11) E
12) B
13) C
14) B
15) B
16) C
17) E
18) C
19) A
20) B
21) D
22) B
23) A
24) D
25) D
26) Section Break

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Test Bank for Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 7th Edition, Michael Goldberg, Janice Fischer

26.1) B
26.2) FALSE
27) Section Break
27.1) A
27.2) FALSE
28) Section Break
28.1) [B, C, D]
28.2) FALSE
28.3) TRUE
29) Section Break
29.1) E
29.2) C

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