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CONFIDENTIAL / SULIT

MAY 2022 SEMESTER / SEMESTER MEI 2022

FINAL EXAMINATION / PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR
(ESSAY / ESEI)

COURSE /
: INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY
KURSUS
CODE / KOD : XBET3103
DATE / TARIKH : 22-08-2022 10:00 AM
TIME / MASA : 22-08-2022 10:00 AM - 23-08-2022 10:00 AM

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES / ARAHAN KEPADA CALON

1. This question paper is set in English and Bahasa Melayu. ANSWER ALL questions
using ONE LANGUAGE ONLY either ENGLISH or BAHASA MELAYU.
Kertas soalan ini disediakan dalam Bahasa Inggeris dan Bahasa Melayu. JAWAB SEMUA soalan dalam
SATU BAHASA SAHAJA sama ada BAHASA INGGERIS atau BAHASA MELAYU.

2. Read CAREFULLY the instructions for each PART.

Baca DENGAN TELITI arahan bagi setiap BAHAGIAN.

3. In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used.

Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah
diguna pakai.

4. Submit your answer ONLINE.

Hantar jawapan anda secara ONLINE.

5. Submission deadline : 23-08-2022 10:00 AM

Tarikh akhir penghantaran

6. Total number of answer pages SHOULD NOT EXCEED 20 pages.

Jumlah keseluruhan muka surat jawapan TIDAK BOLEH MELEBIHI 20 muka surat.

This question paper consists of Part A and Part B only.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi Bahagian A dan Bahagian B sahaja.

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PART A / BAHAGIAN A

INSTRUCTIONS / ARAHAN

Part A contains THREE questions. Answer TWO.

Bahagian A mengandungi TIGA soalan. Jawab DUA.

QUESTION/ SOALAN MARKS/MARKAH

1. Based on the article's headline, toxicologist agrees with the need for a critical review of the
current occupational exposure limit (OEL) in the industry settings to protect workers in the
pharmaceutical industry.

(a)Identify THREE (3) possible biological or chemical hazards exposed to the workers in
the pharmaceutical manufacturers.
(6)

(b)Describe TWO (2) main challenges in setting a new airborne concentration of a

substance for the workers in the pharmaceutical manufacturers.
(4)

(c)Explain the role of OSHA 1994 in supporting the management of biological or chemicals
in pharmaceutical manufacturers.
( 10 )

( Total / Jumlah: 20 )

2. Berdasarkan kepada tajuk artikel, ahli toksikologi bersetuju dengan keperluan untuk semakan
kritikal terhadap had pendedahan pekerjaan (OEL) semasa dalam tetapan industri untuk
melindungi pekerja dalam industri farmaseutikal.

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(a) Kenal pasti TIGA (3) bahaya biologi atau bahan kimia yang mungkin terdedah kepada
pekerja di pengilang farmaseutikal.
(b) Huraikan DUA (2) cabaran utama dalam menetapkan kepekatan bawaan udara baharu
bahan untuk pekerja di pengilang farmaseutikal.
(c) Terangkan peranan OSHA 1994 dalam menyokong pengurusan biologi atau bahan kimia
dalam pengeluar farmaseutikal.

2. Our World in Data shows global data on the issue of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
from 1990 to 2019. The trend keeps increasing, and most Governments worldwide focus on
preventive measures for non-communicable diseases.

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(a)Identify THREE (3) risk factors that lead toward the increasing trend of NCDs related to
the long-term exposure to chemical toxicants.
(6)

(b)Give examples of FOUR (4) specific other NCDs not listed in the figure above.
(4)

(c)Discuss FIVE (5) strategies to reduce the increasing trend of NCDs resulting from
industrial toxicants.
( 10 )

( Total / Jumlah: 20 )

2. Our World in Data menunjukkan data global tentang isu penyakit tidak berjangkit (NCD) dari 1990
hingga 2019. Tren ini terus meningkat, dan kebanyakan Kerajaan di seluruh dunia menumpukan
pada langkah pencegahan penyakit tidak berjangkit.

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(a) Kenal pasti TIGA (3) faktor risiko yang membawa kepada peningkatan tren NCD yang
berkaitan dengan pendedahan jangka panjang kepada toksik kimia.
(b) Berikan contoh EMPAT (4) NCD khusus lain yang tidak disenaraikan dalam rajah diatas.
(c) Bincangkan LIMA (5) strategi untuk mengurangkan tren peningkatan NCD akibat daripada
toksik industri.

3. Toxicants are typically introduced into the environment through human activity.
(a)Categorise the TWO (2) main sources of environmental odours.
(4)

(b)Explain THREE (3) preventive measures to prevent smog from damaging the
human body.
(6)

(c)Outline the FIVE (5) methods to avoid the exposure of toxicants to the human body in
the agriculture industry.
( 10 )

( Total / Jumlah: 20 )

2. Bahan toksik biasanya diperkenalkan ke dalam alam sekitar melalui aktiviti manusia.
(a) Kategorikan DUA (2) sumber utama bau persekitaran.
(b) Terangkan TIGA (3) langkah pencegahan bagi mengelakkan asap daripada merosakan
tubuh badan manusia.
(c) Senaraikan LIMA (5) kaedah untuk mengelakkan pendedahan bahan toksik terhadap
tubuh badan manusia dalam industri pertanian.

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PART B / BAHAGIAN B

INSTRUCTIONS / ARAHAN

Part B contains TWO questions. Answer ALL.

Bahagian B mengandungi DUA soalan. Jawab SEMUA.

QUESTION/ SOALAN MARKS/MARKAH

1. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) interview, Dr

Keri Hornbuckle commented that PCBs are a large group of chemicals that persist in the
environment.
(a)Briefly discuss the health impact of eating PCB-contaminated fish on the human
population.
( 10 )

(b)Outline the mitigation measures to reduce the risk of exposure in the surrounding
population, such as the schools and residential nearby the source of PCB-contaminated
sites
( 10 )

( Total / Jumlah: 20 )

2. Menurut temu bual Institut Sains Kesihatan Persekitaran Kebangsaan (NIEHS), Dr Keri
Hornbuckle mengulas bahawa PCB adalah kumpulan besar bahan kimia yang berterusan
dalam alam sekitar.
(a) Bincangkan secara ringkas kesan kesihatan makan ikan yang tercemar PCB terhadap
populasi manusia.
(b) Senaraikan langkah-langkah mitigasi untuk mengurangkan risiko pendedahan kepada
penduduk sekitar, seperti sekolah dan kediaman berhampiran sumber tapak tercemar
PCB.

2. “Our study shows that microplastics are an additional vector for exposing fish to
micropollutants like progesterone, a steroid hormone that can be found in the
environment,” says Florian Breider, the head of EPFL’s Central Environmental Laboratory
(Technology Networks, 2021).
(a)Select ONE (1) toxicant and explain its sources and endocrine disruptor's
characteristics.
( 10 )

(b)Analyse the actions of endocrine disruptors in (a) and their effects on human health.
( 10 )

( Total / Jumlah: 20 )

2. "Kajian kami menunjukkan bahawa mikroplastik adalah vektor tambahan untuk mendedahkan
ikan kepada mikropolutan seperti progesteron, hormon steroid yang boleh ditemui di alam

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sekitar," kata Florian Breider, ketua Makmal Alam Sekitar Pusat EPFL (Rangkaian Teknologi,
2021)
(a) Pilih SATU (1) bahan toksik dan terangkan sumber dan ciri gangguan endokrinnya.
(b) Analisakan tindakan gangguan endokrin di (a) dan kesannya terhadap kesihatan
manusia.

END OF QUESTION PAPER / KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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