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Science Physics Laws of thermodynamics

An air-standard cycle is
executed in a closed
system and is composed
of the following four...
Question:
An air-standard cycle is executed in a closed system
and is composed of the following four processes:

1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 250 K to

1 MPa.

2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition in amount of 2200

kJ/kg.

3-4 Constant-volume heat rejection to 100 kPa.

4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection to initial state.

Assume constant specific heats at 250 K.

(a) Show the cycle on p-v and T-s diagrams.

(b) Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle.

(c) Determine the thermal efficiency.

Thermodynamic cycle:
A thermodynamic cycle consists of a linked sequence
of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of
heat and work into and out of the system, while
varying pressure, temperature, and other state
variables within the system, and that eventually returns
the system to its initial state.

Answer and Explanation: 1

Given:

P1 = 100kP a
P2 = 100000kP a
T1 = 250K
Qin = 2200kJ/kg
P4 = 100kP a

The four processes of an air-standard cycle are

described. The cycle is to be shown on P-v and T-s
diagrams, and the maximum temperature in the cycle
and the thermal efficiency are to be determined.

Assumptions :

1 The air-standard assumptions are applicable.

2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.

3 Air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats.

Properties: The properties of air at room temperature

are cp = 1.003

kJ/kgK, cv = 0.716 kJ/kgK, and k = 1.401

P-V and T-S diagrams:

P-V diagram

T-S diagram

Maximum temperature:

For process 1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa

and 250 K to 1 MPa.

k−1
T2 = T1 ( )
P2 k
P1
1.401 − 1
100000
)
1.401
T2 = 250(
100
0.401
100000
)
1.401
T2 = 250(
100
T2 = 250 × 1.933
T2 = 483.24K

For 2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition in amount of

2200 kJ/kg.

Qin = Cp (T3 − T2 )
2200 = 1.003 (T3 − 483.24)
Solving :
483.24 + 2193.42 = T3
T3 = 2676.65K
Maximum temperature , T3 = 2676.65K

For 3-4 Constant-volume heat rejection to 100 kPa.

P 3 V3 P 4 V4
=
T3 T4
P4
T4 = × T3
P3
Solving :
T4 = 267.66K

The thermal efficiency:

For heat rejected:

Qout = Q34 + Q41

Qout = Cv (T3 − T4 ) + cp (T4 − T1 )
Qout = 0.716 (2676.65 − 267.66) + 1.003 (267.66 − 250)
Qout = 1724.84 + 17.712
Qout = 1742.55kJ/kg

Thermal efficiency;

Qout
η=1−
Qin
1742.55
η=1−
2200
η = 1 − 0.792
η = 0.207
η = 20.7

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Learn more about this topic:

The Laws of Thermodynamics

from

Chapter 2 / Lesson 11
41K

Explore how the laws of thermodynamics function in

everyday life, review the three laws of
thermodynamics, and learn about energy in a closed
system.

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