Test Bank for Psychology of Gender, 4th Edition: Helgeson

Test Bank for Psychology of Gender, 4th Edition:

Helgeson

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-psychology-of-gender-4th-edition-hel
geson/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

 TEST QUESTIONS: CHAPTER SEVEN

Multiple Choice/True-False

1) Concerning interaction between children and styles of play, boys play in____ and
girls play in____.
a. Teams, squads
b. Groups, dyads
c. Squads, teams
d. Dyads, teams
Answer: B, page 221

2) The same-sex play preference is stronger for females than for males.
a. True
b. False
Answer: B, page 221

3) One of the reasons for same-sex play preference is that:

a. Girls’ groups are more exclusionary.
b. Boys view other boys who play with girls as confident.
c. Boys’ groups are more exclusionary of the other sex.
d. Girls feel a need reject masculinity.
Answer: C, page 221

4) Based on a summary of research findings, why do children prefer to play with

others of the same sex?
a. Girls and boys have different styles of play and communication that are not
always compatible.
b. Boys find it difficult to influence girls, which makes interactions with girls less
desirable for boys.
c. Girls reject masculinity as an ideal.
d. Other people encourage other-sex interactions.
Answer: A, page 221-222

5) When a boy brags to and insults his friend, he is showing:

a. Prosocial dominance.
b. Task behavior.
c. Egoistic dominance.
d. Negative social behavior.
Answer: C, Page: 222
Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

6) What does Macoby suggest is a reason for boys and girls different styles of play?
a. Cognitive Differences
b. Biology
c. Socialization
d. All of the Above
Answer: D, page 222

7) According to Maccoby what is/are the primary reason(s) why boys’ play is louder
and more aggressive than girls’ play?
a. Nature and nurture
b. Biology, socialization, cognitive differences
c. Socialization, cognitive differences, communal language
d. Social role theory
Answer: B, page 222

8) Research suggests that greater time in same-sex play predicts more sex-
stereotyped play over time.
a. True
b. False
Answer: A, page 224

9). ______ is more gender stereotyped than _____ and mixed sex play has the potential
to reduce stereotyped play.
a. Mixed sex play, same sex play
b. Same sex play, mixed sex play
c. Solitary play, group play
d. Group play, solitary play
Answer: B, page 224

10) Women engage in more ________ behavior than men.

a. Negative social
b. Positive social
c. Task-oriented
d. Egoistic dominance
Answer: B, page 226

11) One determinant of sex differences in interaction styles is the nature of the task.
Research suggests that:
a. Women are more task oriented in masculine situations.
b. Men are more prosocial in feminine situations.
c. Men are more task oriented in masculine situations.
d. Women are more prosocial in feminine situations.
Answer: C, page 227

2
 Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

12) Both men and women engaged in more ______ behavior when they were paired
with men and more __________ behavior when they were paired with women.
a. Negative social, positive social
b. Positive social, task
c. Positive social, negative social
d. Task, positive social
Answer: D, page 227

13) In a meta-analytic review of adult speech (Leaper & Ayres, 2007), men were more
talkative than women but research findings depended on:
a. The way that language was measured.
b. The topic of discussion.
c. Whether their goal was to dominate the situation.
d. Whether men were interested in their conversational partner.
Answer: A, page 230

14) When we classify language along specific dimensions we find that:

a. Men are more indirect and women are more direct.
b. Women ask fewer questions.
c. Men’s language is more instrumental, succinct, and directive.
d. Men refer to quality rather than quantity.
Answer: C, page 231-232

15) Hall, Carter, and Horgan (2000) conducted a meta-analytic review of the literature
on nonverbal behavior. They concluded that:
a. Females smile and gaze less than males.
b. Males stand closer to others, face others more directly, and are more likely
to touch other people.
c. Males have less expansive body movements (i.e., take up less space) than
females.
d. Females are more accurate in interpreting others’ emotional expressions and
are better able to convey emotions than males..
Answer: D, page 234

16) Hall (2006) concluded that sex differences in nonverbal behavior, in particular
smiling and decoding, are:
a. Smaller than most sex differences and smaller than most psychological
effects.
b. Larger than most sex differences and larger than most social psychological
effects.
c. Larger than most sex differences but smaller than most social psychological
effects.
d. Smaller than differences in cognitive ability and are cross-culturally
significant.
Answer: B, page 235

3
Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

17) According to the research presented in the text, females are more easily
persuaded because:
a. Women process information differently than men.
b. Women don’t feel confident about their expertise, thus women are more
easily influenced.
c. People feel more comfortable interacting with women and thus display more
agreeable behavior.
d. It is part of the gender role.
Answer: C, page 241

18) How did the groups respond when there was a male or a female expert in their
midst?
a. The female experts were judged as having less knowledge about the task
than the male experts.
b. Female experts had less influence on the group’s overall performance.
c. Groups that contained a female expert had a poorer outcome compared to
groups that contained a male expert.
d. All of the above
Answer: D, page 244

19) Men are more influential than women because__________

a. They are viewed as more credible sources of information.
b. They are stronger and more powerful.
c. They have more experience in the workforce.
d. They are able to communicate well and make more money.
Answer: A, page 242

20) Group members perceived ______ as more competent, as talking more, and as
engaged in more _________ behavior.
a. Wome, task
b. Men, process
c. Men, task
d. Women, process
Answer: C, page 245

21) According to a review of the research, men are more likely to emerge as leaders:
a. In laboratory studies where participants are often strangers and have only a
brief opportunity to interact.
b. When using a more communal style of leadership.
c. When they are experts in the field.
d. When they are more agentic and task oriented.
Answer: A, page 247

4
 Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

22) Women are more likely to display a ___________________style of leadership,

whereas men are more likely to display a ________________ style of leadership.
a. Transactional, transformational
b. Contingent reward, intellectually stimulating
c. Transformational, transactional
d. Democratic, charismatic
Answer: C, page 242

23) The transformational style, which is the more common leadership style of men, is
most effective.
a. True
b. False
Answer: B, page 243

24) Female leaders are judged more harshly than male leaders when they display
communal characteristics.
a. True
b. False
Answer: B, page 244

25) Despite the fact that women are more likely than men to use a transformational
leadership style, the style that has been shown to be most effective, people still
prefer to have men than women as their bosses.
a. True
b. False
Answer: A, page 247

26) Men were more likely than women to report positive emotions and women were
more likely than men to report negative emotions. The reason offered for this
difference was:
a. Men have more control in their lives.
b. Women are more likely to be depressed.
c. Women’s lower status.
d. Laboratory settings cause men to be concerned with their performance.
Answer: C, page 248

27) According to Brody & Hall (2008), studies examining differences in emotion using
physiological measures suggests that:
a. Women are more physiologically reactive to emotion.
b. Sex differences in physiological reactivity are larger than most sex
differences.
c. Physiological reactivity is most strongly measured by facial expression.
d. Men are more physiologically reactive than women.
Answer: D, page 250

5
Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

28) Women’s emotions are more likely to be attributed to __________, whereas

men’s emotions are more likely to be attributed to ____________.
a. Internal states; situational factors
b. External events; physiology
c. Situational factors; internal states
d. Physiology, external events
Answer: A, page 251

29) Men may encode emotional events in greater detail than women, which would
account for the sex difference in retrospective emotion reports.
a. True
b. False
Answer: B, page 251

30) Retrospective measures of emotion show that women report more emotion than
men, but online measures tend to show no sex differences in the experience of
emotion.
a. True
b. False
Answer: A, page 251

31) Once one controls for the status or power differential between women and men,
sex differences in communication disappear.
a. True
b. False
Answer: A, page 252

32) Status theory seems to be a good explanation for sex differences in nonverbal
behavior.
a. True
b. False
Answer: B, page 254

33) Compared to men, women:

a. Talk more.
b. Use less emotional language.
c. Use more uncertainty verbs.
d. All of the above.
Answer: C, page 253

6
 Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

34) Studies of gender differences in nonverbal communication show that:

a. Males are more likely than females to gaze at their conversational partners.
b. Females are more likely than males to smile at their conversational partners.
c. Males are more likely than females to accurately perceive the nonverbal
messages of others.
d. All of the above.
Answer: B, page 252

35) Hall’s research on touch between professionals attending psychology and

philosophy conventions showed that:
a. Men consistently touched women more than women touched men.
b. When the toucher and recipient were of similar status, women touched men
more than men touched women.
c. When the toucher and recipient were of similar status, men touched women
more than women touched men.
d. Women consistently touched men more than men touched women.
Answer: C, page 253 - 254

36) The best way to distinguish male versus female conversation may be from:
a. The way the nouns are placed in the sentence structure.
b. The way questions are presented.
c. The way positive and negative words used.
d. The topic.
Answer: D, page 232

37) One study (Carli, 1990) found that men liked women more who:
a. Spoke with assertive speech rather than tentative, and thought of the
assertive speaking women to be more competent.
b. Spoke with tentative speech rather than assertive, and thought of the
tentative speaking women to be more competent.
c. Spoke with tentative speech rather than assertive, and found the assertive
speaking women to be more competent.
d. Spoke with assertive speech rather than tentative, and found the tentative
speaking woman to be more competent.
Answer: C, page 243 - 245

38) Regarding language use, research has shown _______ tend to use more intensive
adverbs.
a. Men
b. Women
c. Lower status employees
d. Directive managers
Answer: B, page 231

7
Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

39) According to the social role theory, men’s and women’s communication styles
have to do with the different social roles. The female role is ______ and the male
role is _____ in our society.
a. Agentic, communal
b. Communal, agentic
c. Dependent, interdependent
d. Interdependent, independent
Answer: B, page 256

40) Women are more likely to display a ___________style of leadership, whereas men
are more likely to display a _________style if leadership.
a. Directed high involvement
b. High involvement, directed
c. Transformational, transactional
d. Transactional, transformational
Answer: C, page 247

41) Which interaction style is characterized by verbal aggression that intends to

demonstrate superiority over other participants in the interaction?
a. Negative social behavior
b. Positive social behavior
c. Prosocial dominance
d. Egoistic dominance
Answer: D, page 222

42) ______ state(s) that group members form expectations about their own and
others’ abilities which influence the nature of interactions.
a. External attributions
b. Expectations states theory
c. Group attributions
d. Role expectations
Answer: B, page 259

43) _____ is a response that encourages the speaker to continue, such as “uh-huh” or
“OK.”
a. Back channeling
b. Minimal response
c. Maximal response
d. Hedging
Answer: B, page 259

8
 Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

44) Behavior during group interaction that could harm a relationship, such as
disagreement and provoking conflict is called:
a. Negative social behavior.
b. Positive social behavior.
c. Prosocial dominance.
d. Egoistic dominance.
Answer: A, page 259

45) Social behaviors engaged in during group interactions that are intended to
maintain group harmony are called:
a. Negative social behavior.
b. Positive social behavior
c. Prosocial dominance
d. Egoistic dominance
Answer: B, page 259

46) The interaction style characterized by providing instruction or assistance that

intends to foster connection between those involved in the interaction is called:
a. Negative social behavior.
b. Positive social behavior.
c. Prosocial dominance.
d. Egoistic dominance.
Answer: C, page 259

47) Aggressive interaction behavior, usually expressed by girls, that is characterized by

social alienation tactics such as excluding someone from an activity or threatening
not to be a person’s friend anymore is called:
a. Negative social behavior.
b. Relational aggression.
c. Physical aggression.
d. Egoistic dominance.
Answer: B, page 259

48) Social behavior, such as asking questions and offering suggestions, that is directed
toward achieving a specific goal is called:
a. Negative social behavior.
b. Process behavior.
c. Task behavior.
d. Egoistic behavior.
Answer: C, page 259

9
Test Bank for Psychology of Gender, 4th Edition: Helgeson

Helgeson: Test Questions for Chapter 7

Essays

49) Researchers have examined three primary sources of information to address

gender differences in emotion: people’s self-reports of their experience of
emotion, people’s nonverbal expressions of emotion, and people’s physiological
responses to emotion stimuli. How do you explain the influence of these sources
on research findings? How do you reconcile the findings to cohesively summarize
gender differences (or similarities) in emotion?

50) Identify the strongest evidence in support of Status Theory or Social Role Theory
and explain your rationale.

51) Explain the double bind for women in leadership positions.

10

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters