Unit:02

1st year lesson:01 Numbers

Common Questions about numbers: What is percentage?/ What is fraction?/ What is the rate?
Simple numbers

• There are thirty blue-chip stocks in the Dow Jones stock market index.
• The consumption tax rate in Hungary is twenty seven percent.
• The income tax rate in Bahrain and Qatar is eight percent.
• In nineteen fifty five the dollar-yen exchange rate was three hundred and sixty.

Large numbers:

✓ The starting capital of Apple Computers was one thousand three hundred dollars.
✓ The average summer semi-annual bonus in Japan in twenty twelve was six hundred and eleven thousand yen
(net).
✓ AOL’s merger with Time Warner was worth a hundred and sixty five million dollars.
✓ In nineteen seventy nine four point one million UK workers were involved in strikes.
✓ The highest ever price per share was one hundred and sixty seven point nine million Japanese yen (for one share
of Yahoo Japan, in two thousand).
✓ In April twenty thirteen, the Bank of Japan announced that it would invest seventy trillion yen (in bonds etc).
Decimals:

✓ In Sweden the top rate of income tax is fifty nine point seven percent.
✓ The largest ever daily drop in the Dow Jones Stock Index was twenty two point six percent (in nineteen ninety
seven).
✓ In twenty eleven, zero point four percent of the oil used in Japan was extracted
Fractions:

• A third of the world’s workforce will change jobs in the next twenty four months.
• Companies in the Association of British Insurers own one fifth of shares on the London
Stock Exchange.
• Look at the above and ask about anything you aren’t sure about, e.g. the words in italics.
 Activities:
Activity1: Pronounce the numbers written below:
Simple numbers:
▪ There are 30 blue-chip stocks in the Dow Jones stock market index.
▪ 84% of Japan’s energy is imported from other countries.
▪ In two thousand and seven, the Central Bank of Zimbabwe set interest rates at 800%.
Large numbers:
• The average summer semi-annual bonus in Japan in twenty twelve was six hundred and eleven thousand yen
(net). Bonuses dropped 65,000 yen from summer twenty eleven to summer twenty twelve.
• 12,000,000 Japanese people belong to trade unions (= labor unions).
• Japan’s workforce in two thousand and eight was 66,000,000 workers.
• The IPO (initial public offering) for the Chinese technology group Alibaba raised
• $25,000,000,000 (in twenty fourteen).
• In April twenty thirteen, the Bank of Japan announced that it would invest 70,000,000,000,000 yen (in bonds
etc).
• Inflation per month in Hungary in August nineteen forty six was 13,000,000,000,000,000% (= thirteen
thousand trillion percent per month, meaning prices doubling every fifteen minutes).
Decimals:
❖ In December twenty thirteen, the unemployment rate in Japan was 3.7% percent.
❖ In twenty thirteen, 48.8% of Japanese employees said that their bonuses had remained steady.
❖ Corporate tax in Japan is 37.8% percent (the highest in the developed world).
❖ In Sweden the top rate of income tax is 59.7% percent.
❖ The largest ever daily drop in the Dow Jones Stock Index was 22.6% (in nineteen ninety seven).
Fractions:
1/5 of Japan’s energy comes from coal.
Activity 2:Write the figures above as words, e.g. “a fifth” or “one fifth” for the last one.
Financial vocabulary collocations
Activity3:Try to match up the phrases in each section below to make expressions related to finance and
economics. Check your answers with the first worksheets. Note that they are in a different order there.
blue- tax
consumption chip stock
corporation debt
corporate growth
economic tax
exchange rate
foreign reserves
gross domestic product
income bankruptcy
individual capital
initial publiccapita GDP
insurance offering
interest premiums
labor union
per rate
white bonus
semi- annual collar crime
 1st year lesson: 02
Prices

Pricing is an integral part of marketing. Consumers decide which products to purchase based on the
price, whether it is a low price decision or a perceived luxury.
Page | 1 item based on a high price. Successful businesses know exactly how much it costs to produce, and market
their products so they can price them to make money and not lose money. They also understand who
their target market is, and how price sensitive they may be. There are also legal considerations that must
be taken into account to ensure that the business is following government regulations regarding pricing.

Do you think a rise in prices affects grocery stores?

• Grocery stores are very price competitive. A grocery store may sell staple items such as milk
at a lost just to get customers into their stores.

Would you continue to purchase gasoline even if the price was over 109.000 DZD per gallon?

• Gasoline is a necessity and most people are forced to continue to purchase gasoline even if it
becomes very expensive.
I. Price is the value of money placed on a good or service

A. The key to setting price is to understand the value that a customer would place on the item.
II. Gaining Market Share:
A. Increase the firm’s percentage of total sales in a given market.
B. Return on Investment
1. A company may price their products to have a certain percentage of return on investment.
C. Goal of Pricing
1. Meeting the Competition
2. Some companies just want to be priced similarly to their competitors.
 III. Costs and expenses
A. Businesses must continually monitor their costs and expenses when producing a product to
ensure they are making a profit.
B.Rising costs and expenses
C. Decreasing costs and expenses
D.Break
E. Price
F.Target Market

VI. Government Regulations

A.Federal and state laws
1.The value that a customer places on a product can make a difference on how much they are willing
to pay for a product. If a customer sees the product has better value or more features they are willing
to spend more. But customers have to see the value. In order to be successful, businesses must know
how much it costs them to produce, market, sell and pay any other expenses associated with their
products. If businesses do not understand what their expenses are, they risk not pricing the product
high
enough and losing money. Companies that don’t know, or understand their expenses will not be in
business for long.
2.Different products have different characteristics when it comes to supply and demand. For
instance, everyone needs gas for their cars and is willing to pay more for it because they have to
have it more than candy bars.

Activities:

Question 01: Give the opposite to the following words

1. Rise
2. Purchase
3. Meet competition
4. Staple item
5. Luxury item

Question 02: Explain the following statements in other words

1. Setting a price
2. Goal of pricing
3. Government Regulations
4. Return On Investment (ROI)
5. Features of a product
1st year english lesson :03
Changes in values
Sales describes what a business sells and the money it receives for it. In a sales report, or sales analysis
report, we give an overview of the state of the sales activities within a company. In which we may use some
terms to define the situation such as : fluctuate, decline, expand…etc.

Situation1:
Name’s company: Henderson Audio/Robert Higgins: Sales Manager
First quarter Sales Report:
Overall, first quarter sales increased. However, some products sales declined sharply. I recommend
immediate action. Otherwise, our market share will shrink.

Sales Trends:
MP3 Player: Sales of our X2 MP3 players grew through January and February. They peaked in early March.
Headphones: Headphones sales fluctuated in January. So, we lowered prices. Sales became steady after that.
Microphones: Microphone sales decreased in January and bottomed out in March. Expanding our market
share will be difficult. I suggest new advertisements and large discounts.

Situation2:
Worker1: Rick, do you have a moment ?
Worker2: Sure thing, Karen. What do you need ?
Worker1: Well, I missed your sales report. Can you fill me in ? I just need the basic changes.
Worker2: Of course I can. First, computer sales decreased a bit.
Worker1: Should we be worried ?
Worker2: No. Those actually fluctuate. And second, Microsoft sales increased by ten percent.
Worker1: That’s great news!
Worker2: It is. Software sales grew more than any other product.

Peak

fluctuate
bottom out

increase decrease steady

 Activities:
Activity1: Answer the comprehension questions:
1- According to the Sales Report, which product had the least fluctuating sales ?
2- How do you refer to stock that is increasing in value ?
Activity2: Mark these statements as true(T) or False (F) from the sales report:
1-………………….. X2 sales were highest in March.
2-…………………. Headphones sales did not change in the first quarter.
3-………………….. Microphone sales were highest in March than in January.

Activity3: Put the following terms and phrases in the right place of the chart: bottom out,
peak, decline, shrink, expand, increase.

To become larger to become smaller

…………………………………………… …………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………… …………………………………………………………….

Activity4: match the words with their definitions:

1- grow 3- decrease
2- fluctuate 4-steady
A- ………………….not changing.
B- ………………….to change frequently.
C- …………………..to become larger or bigger.
D- …………………..to become less or smaller.
Activity5: Choose the correct answer:
1* What is the conversation mainly about?
a- Sales report errors.
b- Basic sales changes.
c- Increased company sales.
d- Reasons for increased sales.
2* What does the man say about computer sales?
a- They declined slightly.
b- They rarely fluctuate.
c- They are making him worried.
d- They grew more than any other product.