Project Mid -term Review Meeting

IAEA Technical Cooperation Project

RAS1030 - Using Radioisotope Techniques and Computational Fluid Dynamics
Simulation for Troubleshooting and Optimizing of Industrial Processes
(Ref. No.: ME-RAS1030-2302670)

28 August to 1 September 2023

Centre for Applications of Nuclear Technique in Industry (CANTI)

Da Lat, Viet Nam

Group photo
 Content

1. Introduction

2. Objectives

3. Summaries of Participants Reports

4. Discussions

5. Conclusions

6. Workplan for 2023-25

7. Recommendations to IAEA

Appendix (Agenda and Participants’ List)

1. Introduction
Troubleshooting of process plant anomalies and plant diagnostics in the existing chemical and
processing plants will cause the plant to shut down and thus increase the operational costs of
respective plants, especially in the oil and gas industries (refineries and petrochemicals),
wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and mineral and processing plants. Hence, the radiotracer
technology should be strengthened and enhanced in each Member State (MS) so that its full
advantages can be reaped. Radiotracer technology has proven to contribute to the understanding
of these processes, aiding both their design and performance optimization. The success of
radiotracer applications is mainly due to the possibility — offered by the unique properties of the
radioactive materials — to collect data without shutting down the processing plant, which cannot
be obtained by other techniques of investigation. A better knowledge of the flow of fluids
passing through vessels contributes to information about internal processes and mechanical
modifications of the unit operations, which induce improvements of their performance. The
implementation of radiotracer methods allows to answer a certain number of questions
concerning the characteristics of material transfer in the units without disrupting the operations.
Radiotracers play an important role in troubleshooting of processes in the petrochemical
industry. Due to the poor acceptance of industries in this region to use radiotracer technology,
the introduction of CFD simulation can be used as a tool of process visualization in the
respective industries. The hybrid of CFD and radiotracer technology will generate good
synergies by industries in which the ability of tracking and monitoring of tracer whereabouts can
be observed. Therefore, skepticism and safety concerns about introducing radiotracer technology
among the stakeholders can be minimized. Radiotracer technology which implements the
principle of RTD will be introduced in this project. At least two sodium iodide (NaI) detectors
are installed upstream of the plant/unit operation to guarantee radiotracer entry, and downstream
for RTD measurement. The RTD peak will be analysed to monitor the plant anomalies of the
processing plant. Radiotracer material can be from generators or irradiated in the reactor
belonging to the MS. CFD simulation is carried out after receiving all the operating parameters
from the stakeholders/plant owners. MSs that have CFD facilities will carry out the CFD
simulation accordingly, and the results will be shared with the other MSs which have not owned
the software during the meeting arranged by the IAEA. The simulated RTD results will be
compared to radiotracer RTD results. Good agreement will indicate that CFD simulation is
mimicking the actual plant. Strong support from the IAEA in building regional capabilities is the
most important part and contributor in ensuring the success of this project. The IAEA, through
the initiation of the activities, will provide the platform for familiarization and expansion of
radiotracer technology, especially the certification module, CFD or both to all interested
stakeholders and beneficiaries. Although the significance of RTM is well highlighted for
economic development, continuous support from the IAEA will further promote advanced
radiotracer techniques for sustainable industrial development. Excellent training programmes,
radiotracer certification modules from the IAEA and funded by the IAEA, and experts visits, and
assistance will benefit MSs to ensure the outlined objectives are achievable. Through the
platform under the Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training
Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the Pacific (RCA), an effective
mechanism for increasing regional self-reliance and cooperation can be implemented with the
use of regional resources, thus strengthening regional networks.

The meeting was opened by the chairman of …., PMO and the TO from the IAEA and
welcomed all participants to the meeting after which the PMO Mr. Syahril Syahril and technical
officer Ms. Hannah Affum gave presentations on the status of the project and radiotracer
technology emphasizing the meeting objectives and its overall output as well as the expected
meeting output. The presentations provided a comprehensive overview of the project, its
objectives, and the expected outcomes of the meeting. They also emphasized the importance of
the radiotracer technology which is at the heart of the project. After the adoption of the agenda,
Dr. Noraishah binti Othman was requested to be the meeting chair, Mr. Dhanaj Saengchanter as
Co-chair, and Mr. Thaar Aljuwaya and Mr. Muhammad Badar U Zaman were nominated to be
the meeting rapporteurs. As the meeting chair, Mrs. Noraishah binti Othman was responsible for
leading the discussion and ensuring that all views were considered. The co-chair, Mr. Dhanaj
Saengchanter, provided important supporting roles, such as making sure the agenda was
followed and that all voices were heard. Meanwhile, the rapporteurs, Mr. Thaar Aljuwaya and
Mr. Muhammad Badar U Zaman, were tasked with taking notes and summarizing the
discussions. This allowed for an efficient and organized meeting that focused on the progress of
the project. Representatives from all states agreed to the proposal and the meeting was officially
declared open. Mrs. Noraishah welcomed all the participants and thanked them for attending the
meeting. She then proceeded to the agenda.

2. Objectives
The objective of the project is to build and strengthen human capital teams of radiotracers
practitioners in industry for increased utilization. The project seeks to create a network of
professionals with specialized knowledge of radiotracers that can be tapped into for
implementation. It will also provide opportunities for training and development of the workforce
among the member states. This effort will build a platform for the sharing of experiences and
practices among member states in the field, allowing for the exchange of ideas and best
practices. It will foster the development of research and innovation in this field, and create an
environment of collaboration and knowledge sharing. This will help also to bridge the gap
between the workforce in different countries, and will also aid in the development of new skills
and competencies.
3. Summaries of Participants Reports
Participating member states reported the current state of proposed research. Highlights of the
presentations are arranged as follows:

3.1 Bangladesh
Brief background
The institution I belong to is Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) established in
1973, which has the ultimate mandate and honor to carry out research and development, as well
as the use and expansion of atomic energy for the welfare of the people of Bangladesh. The
Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka is an institute under BAEC were Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
Research Group and the Tracer Technology Research Group work together.
We have a Tracer Technology Laboratory. Currently, we have started renovating the tracer lab; it
is halfway finished, and the rest will be completed. We need to repair our existing instruments,
such as the Gamma Computed Tomography System (GORBIT), Water Flow RIG for
Radiotracer Experiments, and Data acquisition system, among others.
Considering the industrial needs, the applied research program of NDT Division focuses on the
following fields of both conventional & advanced NDT methods:
o Radiographic Testing (RT) using different radiation sources
o Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of metallic and non-metallic materials
o Magnetic Particle (MT) and Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) for detecting Subsurface and
Surface Breaking Discontinuities
o Eddy Current Testing (ET) of Plane and Tubular Products
o NDT of Concrete Structures

Status/Achievement:
Due to a lack of facilities such as required instruments and research personnel, the improvement
of these process and industrial application is being hindered, but this hindrance can be
minimized. Training and workshops can improve the competence of the research personnel.
 Trained Personnel: Our Trained personnels already retired and left abroad. Thus, we need
trained research personnel and certified individuals.
 Radiotracer Data Acquisition System/Detector: Our Radiotracer Data Acquisition System
(DAQ) is not in working condition. We require 02 NaI detector and 01 data acquisition
system.
 Simulations/CFD Software: We don’t have any CFD Simulation software.
 Scientific Visit: We need to have scientific visit on this topic.
 Non-working Sealed Sources (computed tomography)
  Outreach/Workshops/Conferences: To gather knowledge, we need to attend workshops or
conferences.
This tiny activity was even disrupted by the retirements of our senior colleagues involved in the
project. Now we want to resume, we want to restart with vigor and greater energy. We need all-
out supports from the IAEA through this project so that we might contribute to a satisfactory
level.

Work Plan for 2023-25:

Through a national project or IAEA TC project, we will overcome the problems of the
Radiotracer Laboratory Group and work in a new way. Although it is very difficult to do in our
country due to selected number of TC. I wish proper cooperation from IAEA.
The authorities of a petroleum industry are being approached about using radiotracers in gas
fields. One of the personnel in this industry is working as a team member of this project.
We need to repair our existing facilities, such as the Gamma Computed Tomography System
(GORBIT), Water Flow RIG for Radiotracer Experiments, and Data Acquisition System, among
others.

3.2 Indonesia
Brief Background
Current Status of BRIN and designation group for implementation of RAS 1030 project.
BRIN is established in 2021 through Presidential Regulation No. 78 as unification of four
research institutions, namely (1). Indonesian Institute of Science, LIPI, (2). State Ministry for
Research and Technology-Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology,
Kemenristek-BPPT, (3). National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, LAPAN, and (4).
National Nuclear Energy Agency, BATAN. With more than 14K employees (sivitas), BRIN is
now the only one and the biggest research institution in Indonesia. BATAN has the new name as
Research Organization for Nuclear Energy. The designation research group for the RAS 1030
implementation is the Group of Nuclear Techniques for Investigation and Evaluation.
The group uses radiotracer, gamma column scanning, gamma tomography and neutron
backscattering methods as tools for R&D and services to industry. Typical industrial problems
that can be identified using radiotracer technique is flow-rate measurement, leakage in
underground pipelines, leakage in heat exchanger, mixing efficiency and dead volume
calculation, material inventory., etc. Meanwhile, gamma column scanning technique is used to
identify problems in internal structure of processing unit of industry such as tray/ bed damaged,
flooding and blocking on down-comer, entrainment, weeping and liquid level. Gamma
tomography which is considered as the advanced gamma scanning is used for image
reconstruction of the scanned object. Neutron backscattering method is used for interface of
multiphase liquid in a storage tanks.
Involvement of the Indonesia in the thematic RAS projects on radiotracer and sealed source fir
industrial applications was started in early 1990s. A number aids from the IAEA were received,
such as radiation detectors, collimators, rate-meter, palm-top computer, injector, winchers and
radiation sources for gamma scanning and radiotracers applications. These stuffs are still in using
and have been developed for R&D and services. A number research projects has been reported
and a number services has been provided to identify source of problems in industry. Now these
techniques are used routinely in industries and potential users are identified.
Equipment
Basic infrastructure for implementation RAS 1030 is laboratory building, equipment, radiation
sources and supporting program or document. The main equipment that is used for radiotracer,
gamma scanning and gamma tomography are radiation detectors, data acquisition system (DAQ)
and radiation sources as summarized in Table 1 and Figure 1.

Table 1. List of equipment for radiotracer, gamma scanning and gamma tomography
No Items Availability Remark
Yes No
1 Radiation detector x Need additional detector
2 Data-logger x Sufficient, minimum
3 DAQ x Sufficient, minimum
4 Radiation sources x Co-60, Cs-137
5 Rig for radiotracer simulation x Relocate to Serpong
6 Rig for gamma scanning simulation x Sufficient
7 Rig for gamma tomography simulation x sufficient
8 Procedures x sufficient
9 Software for scanning and tomography x Matlab, CAD
10 Data processing tool x sufficient
11 Software for CFD x To be proposed
12 Certified personnel x To be proposed
 Figure 1. Equipment utilized for R&D and services.

Status of Achievement
In the beginning, radiotracer method has been introduced and applied in the mid 1980s by
the group of hydrology for environmental application. Recently, the hydrological group
prefers to use non-radioactive tracer (chemical tracers) and natural radioisotopes. Application
of radiotracer for industry was begin in the 1993s to detect leak in underground pipeline.
Since then, the application of radiotracer technique was widespread, not only for underground
pipeline leak detection but also for detection of leak in heat exchanger, Figure 2, flow-rate
measurement of vapor phase in geothermal pipelines. The past experiences on the application
of radiotracer techniques for industry is summarized Tabel 2 below.

Figure. 2. Leakage measurement in refinery using I-131 radiotracer

Table 2. List a number of radiotracer techniques to industry.

No Activities: Leak detection
1 Underground pipeline in fuel transmission pipeline, indramayu, West java
2 Heat exchangers in petrochemical plant, Cilegon, West Java.
3 Heat Exchanger in Petroleum Refinery, Dumai, Riau Province.
4 Underground fire fighter hydrant in coal-fire power plant (electricity), Banten.
5 Mercury inventory in caustic soda industry, Sidoardjo, West Java.
6 Prilling tower in fertilizer plant, Palembang, South Sumatera.
7 Underground avtur pipeline in Soekarno-Hatta Airport, Jakarta.
8 Ammonia Converter in petrochemical plant, Palembang, South Sumatera.
9 Underground high voltage electric cable, Jakarta.
No Activities: Flow-rate measurement
1 Favor phase measurement of geothermal liquid in Kamojang geothermal pipeline,
Bandung West Java.
2 Multiphase (crude oil, water and gas) measurement in EOR pipeline of Petroleum
Industry (PT. JOB PT. Pertamina and PT Bumi Siak Pusako, Riau Province.
 No Activities: Mixing measurements.
1 Gold processing plants in Cikotok, West Java.
2 Gold processing unit in Pongkor, West Java.
3 Gold processing plant in Kelian, Borneo Island.

Application of gamma column scanning was performed for the first time in middle 1990s in
petroleum company. Nowadays, gamma column scanning technique is used routinely to detect
any problems in internals structure of processing units. The number application of gamma
column scanning to industry is in the range of 1-5 times annually. Recently, the gamma column
scanning technique was applied to detect flooding in petroleum column as shown in Fig. 2.a. The
simulation rig of gamma scanning experiment has been established in the laboratory for
educational purposes, Fig.2.b.

Figure 3. Field work column scanning (a) Simulation rig for gamma scanning education (b)
Development of gamma tomography for laboratory and field work has been started in 2005.
Continous development on gamma tomography equipment has been doing since then. Significant
achievement in gamma tomography was realized by establishing mobily type of gamma
tomography system for application both in laboratory and in filed/industry, as shown in Figure 3
(a) and (b). The main different system between the two is the gantry system. Laboratory purpose,
the gantry is
fixed design,
meanwhile
for field applications
the design of the
gantry is replaceable.
Figure 4. Development of mobile tomography system for (a) field work and (b) laboratory work.

Work Plant for 2023-2025

Radiotracer, gamma scanning and gamma tomography are mature techniques. A number
activities have been planned and summarized in the Table 3.
No Activities Year
1. Development of rig simulation for radiotracer experiment. 2025
2. The use of Fluent-ANSYS license for CFD simulation. 2024-2025wr
3. Implementation of National project related to utilization of 2025
radiotracer, gamma column scanning and gamma tomography for
industrial application.
4. Continuation of R&D and services 2023-2025
5. At least 3 personnel of the member group are certified in the field 2024-2025
of radiotracer and/or gamma scanning techniques.
6. Purchase 2 radiation detectors for radiotracer application. 2024-2025
7. Availability of patent proposal document for mobile gamma 2025
tomography system.
8. Create/ participate in outreach through possible occasions such as: 2024-2025
conference, promotion, exhibition, end-user meeting.
9. Prepare scientific articles for publication and for ISTRA 2023-2025
10. Utilization of radiotracer and gamma tomography by other 2023-2025
research organization through collaborative scheme

Expected Output.
Expected output generated from continuation of R&D in radiotracers, gamma tomography,
gamma scanning and neutron backscattering is summarized below:
  Availability of radiotracers, gamma tomography, gamma scanning and neutron
backscattering technique for R&D and services.
 Availability of written patent proposal document of the mobile gamma tomography for
laboratory and field work.
 Rig simulation for radiotracer experiment will be ready established in the laboratory.
 Increase number of university student utilizes radiotracer, gamma column scanning and
gamma tomography for final projects.
 Publication of scientific article in international journals.
 Radiotracer and gamma tomography are utilized by other research institutions, including
for life science applications.
 Increase number of applications and number of end-users.
 Certified personnel in the field of radiotracer and gamma scanning (and gamma
tomography) level 1 -2 by ISTRA.
Utilization of Fluent ANSYS for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The
radiotracer technique is used to validate the CFD simulation.

3.3 Iran

3.4 Laos P.D.R.

Background of Lao PDR in Radiotracer Technology.
Lao PDR was started to set up Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Nuclear Techniques in 2020
under the Dept. of Standardization and Metrology, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, which is
responsible for inspection by using Non-Destructive Testing and Nuclear technique in particular:
Radiographic Testing (RT), Ultrasonic Testing (UT), Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) &
Penetration Testing (PT) for Industrials sector such as: Metal, Pipe, Presser vessel, Hydro Power,
Thermal Power, Preto Chemical…etc.
Radiotracer equipment available: Not available.
Gamma scan, tomography and related equipment available: Not Available.
Number of trained/certified personnel: 6 staffs in RT, UT, PT & MT level 1.
Potential users / industry and their needs: Hydro and Thermal power, Petrochemical industrial.

RAS 1030 Related Activities 2022-2023

Radiotracer Utilization in industry: Now we don’t have this Technology yet, we use NDT
Technique to inspection by using RT -Xray generator.
Gamma column scans, tomography etc. performed: not yet
Training Workshops: we don’t have any person training related Radiotracer and sealed source
now. However, we had trained in RT, UT, PT & MT level 1.
Publications, newsletters: workshop on NDT in Vientiane Lao PDR
Challenges
In case of Lao PDR, we don’t have capacity in this Technology, we had lacks of experience,
limit of knowledge and competence staffs, lack of the budget & Equipment's, doesn’t have
enough legislation to implement, lacks of public awareness to stakeholder and hard to
cooperation with related sector.

Workplan for 2023-2024

Training of Personnel: now we don’t have training with Radiotracer and sealed source
technology yet. We are developing NDT Technique in 2023-2024.
Utility Radiotracer in industry: Industry, Hydro Power, Petro chemical…

Conclusion.
Lao PDR, we don’t have capacity in Radiotracer in Industry yet, we are focusing now with NDT
and Nuclear technique for industrial first, In Lao PDR the main industry need to Radiotracer are:
Petrochemical, industrial and Hydro Power, we have 6 staffs had been trained related with NDT
and Nuclear Techniques: RT, UT, PT & MT level 1.

We looking to have the fellowships on Radiotracer and Seal source technology to develop our
human facilities and hope for next 2026-2027 we can apply the TC Project.

3.5 Malaysia
Brief background
Malaysia has embarked into the industrial radiotracer technology and sealed source application
for years since early 2000s. Several requests from industries particularly in petrochemicals and
refineries have been conducted and multiple services have been provided for the troubleshooting
of mechanical problems and diagnostic of the process plant anomalies without plant shut down.
Malaysia has received assistance from IAEA through TC National Project and Regional project
respectively. Due to these, we have received continuous assistance from IAEA through the
Expert Missions, Fellowships and Scientific Visits for human capacity building, development of
infrastructure and facilities as well as procurement of some equipment. Sealed source technology
such as gamma scanning (ie; column and pipe scanning) and neutron backscattering has paved
very positive acceptance from industries and stakeholders since the radioactive source is sealed
and not intrusive the system under investigation. Computer Tomography (CT) is another
promising technology which provides the image of the respective system or object which is most
preferred by industries because the results is basically self-explanatory whereby it eases their
understanding and they can easily diagnose the problems by visualization. Unlike radiotracer
technology, the injection of liquid radiotracer at the upstream of particular system has triggered
the red flag from the industries in the beginning thus, the alternative is planned to convince them
by introducing the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to be complimentary with
radiotracer technology especially in determining the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of the
process.
Status
 The commercial ANSYS CFD Software is renewed by IAEA for 1-year under RAS 1030
project and new version of 2022R2 is available for single user license. However, the
license will expire in November 2023
 Sufficient equipment for radiation detection is readily available such as NaI scintillation
detectors attached to individual coaxial cable, data acquisition system (Single and 12
channel analyzer), radiation monitoring devices, injection system and in-house RTD
software. Each detector is calibrated every time to ensure data reliability and accuracy
 Each personnel is a certified radiation worker endorsed by the local Regulatory Body.
Besides, Malaysia has 4 personnel who has been awarded Level 2 Radiotracer
Certification and 17 personnel have been awarded Level 1 Radiotracer Certification
respectively. Each personnel should undergo various industrial plant compliance (Oil &
Gas Safety Passport (OGSP), Basic Offshore Safety Induction and Emergency Training
(BOSIET), Work at Height (WAH), Authorized Gas Tester (AGT), Health check
declaration, etc.) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) documentation should be issued prior
approval of plant entry
 A multiphase flow rig and industrial sealed source application facility are available and
used as a testing ground prior actual execution at industrial plant. Recently, Malaysia
received a flow rig for RTD measurement as donation from IAEA under RAS 1030
 CT technology has been extended to a structural integrity assessment of concrete which
was previously focused on palm oil tree disease identification and Gaharu wood’s resin
determination
 Low-cost core flood rig is developed to conduct R&D works on the intervention of
radiotracer technology in water flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) application
 New innovated shoreline erosion measurement is developed to cater the erosion issue
along Malaysia shoreline
 New innovated pigging system utilizing SiPM detector for underground leak detection
will be completed by early 2025
 Continuous industrial outreach is strengthened through the Commercialization Division
initiative
Achievement
 To date, Malaysia has successfully provided services to various sectors especially in oil
and gas industries as well as for environment assessment. On top of that, continuous
R&D works related to radiotracer and sealed sources applications have been carried out
by engaging with industries to ensure their industrial related problems can be addressed
using nuclear related technology.

3.6 Mongolia
Brief background
The development of non-destructive testing (NDT) in Mongolia has evolved over the years, with
significant milestones and contributions leading to its current state. Here is a brief history of
Mongolian NDT development:
Introduction of NDT Concepts (Pre-1990s): The foundational concepts of non-destructive
testing, aimed at assessing the integrity of materials and structures without causing damage, were
likely introduced through international collaborations, academic studies, and technological
advancements.
Gamma Radiography Laboratory (1992): The establishment of the gamma radiography
laboratory at the Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST) in collaboration
with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) marked a significant step in bringing NDT technology to Mongolia.
Expansion of Training Courses (1998): The introduction of national training courses on
radiography testing at Level-II, taught by IAEA experts, advanced the training and skill
development in NDT.
Establishment of NDT Society (1999): The establishment of the Mongolian Non-Destructive
Testing Society in 1999 showcased the growing recognition of NDT as a specialized field and
facilitated networking and knowledge sharing among professionals.
Creation of NDT Training and Research Center (2000): The establishment of the NDT Training
and Research Center within the physics department of MUST demonstrated Mongolia's
commitment to providing dedicated resources for NDT education and research.
Strengthening NDT Expertise (2011): The strengthening of the Center for NDT through Level III
training courses conducted by IAEA experts reinforced higher-level expertise in the field.
Accreditation Certificate Body (2012): The establishment of an accreditation certificate body
added a formalized aspect to the practice of NDT, ensuring adherence to quality standards.
Overall, the history of Mongolian NDT development reflects a progression from foundational
learning and training to the establishment of institutions, societies, and practical applications
across diverse industries. The continuous collaboration with international organizations and
experts, as well as the integration of advanced technologies like radioisotopes, has contributed to
the growth and recognition of NDT in Mongolia.

Current Status
The general overview of the current status of non-destructive testing (NDT) in Mongolia.
Industry Applications: NDT techniques are likely being applied across various industries such as
mining, energy, manufacturing, construction, and transportation. Companies involved in these
sectors are likely utilizing NDT to ensure the integrity and safety of their equipment, structures,
and products.
Private NDT Companies: The entry of private NDT companies into the field has likely led to an
expansion of NDT services, providing options for industries to access specialized testing services
and expertise.
Industry-Specific Projects: The involvement of NDT in projects like the Mongol Refinery
Project demonstrates the application of NDT techniques in crucial sectors, such as the
petrochemical industry, to ensure safety, compliance, and quality.

The use of radioisotopes in Mongolia.

Radioisotopes are used in various applications in Mongolia across different sectors. These
applications range from industrial processes to medical diagnostics and research. Here are some
common uses of radioisotopes in Mongolia:
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Radioactive sources, such as Co-60, and Cs-137, are been used
for radiographic testing in industries like manufacturing, construction, and mining. NDT helps
assess the integrity of materials and structures without causing damage.
Industrial Process Control: Radioisotopes can be used to monitor and control industrial
processes, such as thickness measurements of materials in manufacturing or detecting level
changes in containers.
Medical Diagnostics and Treatment: Radioisotopes are used extensively in the medical field for
imaging (using gamma cameras or PET scanners) and in radiation therapy to treat cancer.
Isotopes like Tc-99m, I-131, and F-18 are used for these purposes.
Agriculture and Food Industry: Radioisotopes can be used to study plant growth, soil nutrient
uptake, and agricultural processes. They can also help trace the movement of contaminants in
food and water.
Environmental Monitoring: Since the Ulaanbaatar city of Mongolia is the one of the coldest city
the families using coal and wood to make fire and the air quality control is the common issue
that’s why the Radioisotopes are used to study environmental processes, including tracking the
movement of pollutants, understanding water circulation patterns, and monitoring soil erosion.

Achievement
The achievements of Mongolia in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) that you've
mentioned demonstrate significant progress and a commitment to advancing NDT practices in
the country. Here's how these accomplishments are impactful:
Attainment of National Level-3 NDT Experts: Achieving Level-3 expertise in NDT through
training organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is a notable
accomplishment. Level-3 certification indicates a high level of competence and knowledge in
NDT methodologies, techniques, and standards.
Adoption of International Standards as National Standards: The adoption of international
standards such as ISO 9712, ISO 17025, ISO 25107, and relevant standards for non-destructive
testing as Mongolian national standards is a significant step toward standardization and quality
assurance.

Work plan for 2023-2025

The establishment of a grassroot crude oil refinery in Mongolia with a capacity of 1.5 million
tons per annum is a significant milestone for the country's energy and petrochemical industry.
This project not only addresses domestic energy needs but also lays the foundation for Mongolia
to become more self-reliant in terms of refined petroleum products.
The involvement of the government of Mongolia and the Nuclear energy commission in
supporting the establishment of a training and research center within the Mongol Refinery
State Owned Company reflects a forward-thinking approach. Such a center can serve several
important purposes:
International Cooperation: Collaborating with international organizations is a key component of
Mongolia's vision. By expanding cooperation, Mongolia aims to enhance its human resource
capacity and competitiveness through knowledge exchange, sharing of best practices, and access
to international expertise.
International atomic energy agency: Training and Workshops: participating the project
“RAS1030 Using radioisotope techniques and computational fluid dynamic simulation for
troubleshooting and optimizing of industrial process” conduct training and workshops for
Mongolian experts in implementing s highlights a commitment to skill development.
Radiography tracing and simulation training:
We would like to prepare 4 persons, who is going to work in industrial field.

3.7 Myanmar
Brief background
In Myanmar, radiotracer and sealed source techniques were introduced with the support of
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) technical co-operation program since in 2012.
Radioisotope Techniques Laboratory, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) carried out national
project ''Building National Capability to Use Radiotracer and Sealed Source Techniques in
Industry'' MYA 1014. Building National Capacity in Radiotracer and Non Destructive
Evaluation Techniques in Industry (MYA1016) is continuing project of MYA 1014. We are
carrying out IAEA, CRP project ''Design and Program Development of Gamma Transmission
CT system for Industrial Application'' (MYA22509).
Aims are to enhance the capacities in radiotracer and sealed source techniques in local
industries, sea ports and harbours, as well as capacities in conventional and advanced Non-
Destructive Evaluation Techniques (NDE) techniques in local industry, and oil and gas
enterprises.
To have professional development, skill development and to have opportunities for career
advancement and future job prospects, human resource development program in radioisotope
techniques for the application to industry has being carried out through national TC project
cooperating with IAEA since 2012. IAEA provided technical assistance, some necessary
equipment etc.
As the laboratory-scale experiments, the major radiotracer and sealed source applications such as
Residence Time Distribution (RTD) analysis and troubleshooting diagnosis, flow rate
measurement, leak testing and mixing efficiency, gamma ray scanning; CT & Gamma Column
Scanning, neutron back scattering for level and interface measurement and Nucleonic gauge for
sediment density measurement were implemented in laboratory.
Two awareness seminars for introduction to end-user for the benefit of Sealed Techniques and
their ability of problems solving in industries were held in DAE and Refinery and Urea fertilizer
plant. Radioisotope Techniques team participated in two science exhibitions for public and
students to disseminate of our news: the applications of Radiotracer and Sealed Source
Techniques in industries. There are some publications and conference paper by team members.
Team members participated in training, workshop, meeting and International Conference
concerning with this field.

Work Plan for 2023-25 and Expected Outputs

Research and field work are conducted by using Water Flow Rig for simulation of chemical
reactors + DAQ, Gamma Column Scanning Systems + DAQ, Neutron backscatter gauge for
level and interface measurement, Nucleonic Gauge + DAQ, GORBIT First Generation Gamma
Computed Tomography, etc. In some factories, field work may be provided.
Training of personnel is through the IAEA program and will be fulfill.
Promoting the sharing the knowledge of radioisotope techniques application, utilization of that
technique in industry will be started.
“Design and Program Development of Gamma Transmission CT system for Industrial
Application” project is being implemented.
Measuring the sedimentation of fine particles accumulates at the bottom of navigable depth and
dam by using Nucleonic gauge is also being implemented.

3.8 Pakistan
Brief Background
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology [PINSTECH] is the premium research and
development institute in Pakistan serving the humanity for more than fifty years. PINSTECH has
diversified scientific and technological departments promoting peaceful applications of
radiations in different areas. Isotope Applications Division [IAD] of PINSTECH is providing
radioisotope technology-based services in the fields of industry, hydrology, life sciences and
marine environment.

Industrial applications group [Tracer group] of IAD has developed the tracer laboratory with
cooperation of IAEA through participation in different RAS projects. Radiotracer technology is a
state-of-the-art technology that tenders high sensitivity, on-line measurement, better statistics,
high benefit to cost ratio and possibility of getting information from remote locations of process
equipment. Tracer group has played a pivotal role in providing the radiotracer technology based
services to the local end users. The type of services group is providing to industries are as
follows, Inter-well tracing for water disposal in petroleum sector, leakage detection in heat
exchangers and residence time distribution analysis in waste water treatment plants. The group
has also conducted extensive research on flow visualization of bi-phasic flow through 90 0
horizontal/vertical bends using gamma computer tomography in combination with computational
fluid dynamics modeling.

Status/ Achievements
Various technical activities have been conducted related to RAS-1030 in 2022-23. Inter-well
tracing for water disposal in an oilfield in Pakistan is one of the activities performed during this
tenure. After drilling of production well, oil came out at surface water at certain pressure it also
accompanied gas and produced water. This produced water is environmental concern and needed
to be reinjected underground. Therefore, higher authorities of industry decided to drill a well to
inject this produced water in Lockhart formation. Industry was also concerned about the
contribution of injected produced water with their nearby production wells. To check this inter-
well connectivity, 53 Ci of 3H has been injected in an injection well along with produced water.
Now periodic sampling of producer wells and nearby water bodies are carried out to check the
breakthrough of injected tracer if any. This study will last for 2 years.
Froth flotation column is a complex multiphase process that is widely used to upgrade the coal
fines that are too small to be treated using density-based separators. Coal recovery in the column
depends upon the flotation kinetics which is related to the gas and water hold up, residence time
distribution and the degree of mixing of phases. So, this motivated the tracer group to conduct
RTD analysis of froth flotation column using radiotracer in combination with CFD for the
process optimization. Radiotracer experiments were carried out at two different set of operating
conditions. In first set liquid velocity was increased step by step while gas velocity was kept
constant and in the second set gas velocity was increased step by step while keeping the liquid
velocity at constant value. Experimental RTD results were obtained from these experiments.
RTD modeling of column was also carried out using mixing cells with recycling. Experimental
results were validated against model results with minimum error.3D geometry of this column is
also made in design modular of ANSYS. Hybrid meshing approach was adopted including
structured and unstructured methodology. Geometry formed has 116640 elements with
maximum skewness of 0.817. Simulation of column to perform the RTD analysis will be carried
out in near future. In past extensive research has been carried out on flow regimes visualization
in 900 horizontal and vertical bends using gamma computer tomography and results were
validated by CFD. Euler-Euler multiphase model with standard turbulence model was applied in
fluent to visualize the flows. Stratified and wavy stratified flows have been observed across the
bend at low gas velocity. In recent CFD simulation of vertical bend, gas velocity has been
increased to a maximum value and water velocity was decreased gradually than
sluggish/transitional flow regimes have observed at different cross sections of bend. These
results will be validated against Gamma CT results in near future.
Tracer group is already providing radiotracer technology-based services to local industry.
Laboratory is equipped with radiotracer data acquisition system, NaI scintillation detectors,
radiotracer injection systems, radiation survey meters, TLC meter and dose calibrator etc. Group
also has ANSYS software in collaboration with PIEAS University. Tracer laboratory is being
used by the students from different universities to do their thesis research. Moreover, internees
also have access to the laboratory for training purposes. One research paper was presented in
proceedings of ICARST 2022 in Vienna, Austria. Two technical reports regarding inter-well
tracing have been prepared in 2023.
Being radioisotope technologists’ various challenges are encountered. Men power of tracer group
is highly trained and providing some remarkable services to industry but is not licensed. So the
need of hour is that men power must be certified in the field of radiotracer and sealed source
applications in industry through RAS1030. Another problem is the non-availability of
radiotracers which is becoming worse now. Radiotracer technology is very expensive to practice.
After Covid-19 hyperinflation has prevailed through the world due to which import of the
technical equipment/tracers have become difficult. In addition to these challenges, strict
legislation is utmost challenge. Prior to radiotracer injection hectic documentation has to be done
to fulfill the necessary requirements.

Work Plan for 2023-25

Work plan for 2023-2025 is crystal clear. National workshop on use of radioisotopes in industry
and environment will be conducted. Tracer group requires fellowship training of two personnel
in the field gamma column scanning through RAS 1030. Certification of the men power in the
field of radiotracer and sealed source applications in industry are required on priority basis. Data
acquisition system along with NaI detectors of various sizes will be procured. Group also has
intention to buy latest version of ANSYS software. Outreach activities will be enhanced to look
for more potential end users.

Expected Outputs
RAS1030 project will strengthen the capability of tracer group in terms of human resource
development and latest equipment for the better utilization of radiotracer technology in industry.

3.9 Saudi Arabia

The vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia is a long-term economic and social reform plan that seeks to
reduce Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil and diversify its economy, creating diversified sources
of income and jobs. It is also aimed at improving the country's quality of life, by providing better
education and healthcare, and developing infrastructure. It is vital that the petroleum,
petrochemical, and mining industries play a major role in the vision 2030 to make the transition
from fossil fuel use to a more sustainable economy. In order for the transition from fossil fuel use
to a more sustainable economy to succeed, these industries must be able to use more efficient
technologies and processes. This will also reduce the amount of energy consumed, the amount of
waste created, and the number of emissions released. In these industries, multiphase systems are
essential parts, as their selected types and performance dictate the number of
separation/mixing/blending units needed in the processes and their load (before and after the
reactors) and thus, affect profoundly the overall economics of the processes. This is because the
type of multiphase system and its performance can determine how efficiently the process can be
completed, as well as the amount of energy required. This, in turn, affects the cost associated
with the process and the overall economic feasibility of the process. In many process industries,
radiotracer technologies have been used for equipment and process troubleshooting, monitoring,
control, inspection, optimization, and many other reasons. As such, the development of
radiotracer technologies for industrial applications is essential for Saudi Arabia to reduce
operational costs and improve economic feasibility in the above-mentioned industries. In King
Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), the nuclear technologies institute (NTI) is
working toward developing such technologies for the first time in the country. At the meeting, it
was revealed that NTI has a group of researchers who conduct advanced research on radiotracer
technologies. The group team is working via simulation on developing different radiotracer
techniques such as gamma-ray computed tomography (CT), radioactive particle tracking (RPT)
and gamma ray densitometry (GRD) where such techniques are used for measurements of
multiphase flow systems. The efforts involve the assessment and optimization of such techniques
using Monte-Carlo-based simulation. Moreover, outlines were revealed for the design and
development of novel gamma-ray densitometry (GRD). To further strengthen the NTI's research
and development capabilities, the meeting also discussed the importance of providing the
necessary resources and support that would allow the group team to manufacture high-quality
radiotracer technologies that could benefit the country. The representative from NTI explained
that the institute is seeking to lay the foundation for the development of radiotracer systems
taking into account the potential of these systems in the above-mentioned industries. In addition,
the representative highlighted the need for the NTI to cooperate with member states and industry
partners to leverage existing knowledge and resources in radiotracer technology in order to build
a more comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of the technology. In addition, the NTI
representative noted that a very successful scientific visit had taken place at the plant assessment
group - Malaysian nuclear agency. Furthermore, the NTI representative noted that the visit to the
plant assessment group was well-received, demonstrating the positive effects of collaboration.
Moreover, the representative stressed that effective collaboration would be essential to
effectively utilize the resources available and maximize the potential of radiotracer technology.
As a result of the meeting, the NTI was encouraged to continue its efforts towards the
development of radiotracer techniques. The NTI is now ready to move forward and take the
initiative in developing the technology and working on collaboration with member states. This
will open up new possibilities and opportunities in the field of radiotracer technology. The NTI
was encouraged to begin developing basic and high demand radiotracer techniques, such as
gamma column scanning. In addition, the NTI could focus on training and education in
radiotracer techniques, in order to increase the number of qualified experts in the field. The NTI's
radiotracer group is in need of a fellowship, a training course, and a scientific visit via the
RAS1030 project in order to improve their skills. With the necessary fellowships, training
courses, and scientific visits, the NTI's radiotracer group can gain the expertise needed to
advance basic and high demand radiotracer techniques, such as gamma column scanning, and
help build a larger pool of qualified experts in the field. This will serve to benefit the NTI's
radiotracer group with both knowledge and experience, and help them to develop the skills
needed to become reliable experts in the field. A request for these activities has been forwarded
to the PMO and the TO. Finally, the NTI could work towards the implementation of radiotracer
techniques in cooperation with member states, in order to facilitate the application of this
technology in the country.

3.10. Sri Lanka

Brief Background
The Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board (SLAEB) is a Statutory Body functioning under the
Ministry of Power and Energy, which was established by the Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Act
No.40 of 2014. The SLAEB has the responsibility of facilitating the utilization of Nuclear
Science and Technology in the fields that can make a significant contribution to the development
of medical, agricultural, industrial, energy and environmental sectors in Sri Lanka. In SLAEB
there are 05 Scientific divisions and 03 Administrative divisions.
The SLAEB has already identified the importance of Radiotracer applications for national
industry and has decided to establish the Radiotracer Lab under the National Centre of NDT
which is the industrial connecting hub between SLAEB and national industry.
National Centre for Non-Destructive Testing (NCNDT) of Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board
(SLAEB) is the pioneer NDT Service provider in Sri Lanka. It provides NDT training (TVEC
registered as an ATB) and inspection services (Accredited as per ISO 17020) to government and
private sector industries. Also, the NCNDT facilitates the National Certification Body for Non-
Destructive Testing (NCBNDT-Sri Lanka) (Accredited as per ISO 17024 and ICNDT MRA-2
registered as PCB).
Target Industry: At the beginning, the SLAEB is mainly target 04 industrial Sectors.
1. Waste water Treatment Plants of 14 nos. of Export processing zones.
2. Gem Mining industry
3. Power Generation Sector (Ceylon Electricity Board)
4. Oil and Gas
SWOT:
Strengths Weaknesses
• Well Educated, Trained & Experienced (in • Lack of Trained Staff members for
the field of NDT) and self-motivated Radiotracer Testing Techniques.
Scientific Staff and supportive technical • Lack of equipment (Detectors, Source
staff. Generators, Data acquisition system, etc)
• Well Facilitated Laboratories and Lecture for RTD.
halls including Computer labs. • No licence software for CFD.
• Two NCNDT staff members successfully • Technology transferring delay Because
completed IAEA/RCA (RAS/1/022) there is no implementation of RTD
Regional training course on Computed techniques using previous IAEA RAS
 Tomography in Associated with 3D image projects.
analysis for industrial components, 06th to
10th Sep, 2021, Virtual Mode.
• Support from the Department of
Mathematics, University of Ruhuna,
University of Kelaniya and the
Department of Nuclear Science of
University of Colombo Sri Lanka.
Opportunities Threats
• Two IAEA Fellowship trainings in the field • Current Economic disaster of the
of Computer Tomography (CT) are already country.
planned for this year; under the NEW TC • High manpower turnover of the
Project: TC SRL1010. Country.
• One IAEA Expert mission for
establishment of CT facility in NCNDT is
planning for this year; under the NEW TC
Project: TC SRL1010.
• Planning to purchase CT system & DDA
system and appropriate software for
NCNDT in this year 2023; under the NEW
TC Project: TC SRL1010.
• High demanding from the industry.

RAS 1030 Related Activities in 2022-2023:

1. Two staff members successfully completed (RAS/1/030) Regional Training Course on
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Industrial Process Flow Modelling and
Simulation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 3rd to 7th October 2022
2. Submitted Report to the SLAEB by mentioning the importance of this field and drafted
an action plan to initiate, establish this testing facility.
3. Introduced RTD applications and CFD simulations blend with other NDT methods for
Boilers and Heavy Machinery Industry, 26th -28th April 2023.
a. During this workshop we introduced CFD simulations using SOLID WORKS
software. 18 participants from various industries, Power generation, Oil refinery,
Ship building, Airport aviation were participated in this workshop.
4. Established a working group/project team on last July 2023. (Already forward to Director
General of SLAEB to obtain approval)
a. 01 participant from Ceylon Electricity Board- Mechanical Engineer
b. 01 participant from Ceylon Petroleum Cooperation- Chemical Engineer
c. 01 participant from Industrial Development Board- Mechanical Engineer
d. 02 participants from local universities- Senior Lectures in Mathematics
 e. 04 participants from the NCNDT of SLAEB- Engineering, Scientific and
Technical

Work Plan for 2023-25:

Intended outputs
Radiotracer equipment/Sealed
Sources equipment
Trained personnel
Simulations tool acquired
Promotional/outreach
documents developed
Radiotracer equipment/Sealed
Sources equipment
Trained personnel
Baseline and indicator
Not available
02 personnel for CFD
simulation
02 personnel for CT
No licensed simulation
software
No documents available
Not available
02 personnel for CFD
simulation
02 personnel for CT
Target by 2025
Purchase and install a full
setup (Local Funds)
20 personnel from various
industrial sectors (Through
National Training/workshop
Programs)
Purchase at least one
simulation software-full
package
At least 03 promotional
documents
Purchase and install a full
setup (Local Funds)
20 personnel from various
industrial sectors (Through
National Training/workshop
Programs)

Future Expectations:
1. We expect SVs, Fellowships, and Training Workshops to gain theoretical and more
practical experiences especially by ‘learning by doing’ activities in Radiotracer
techniques and CFD simulations from the IAEA and other MSs.
2. We try to find necessary funds from the Sri Lankan government and private sector to bear
the cost of the initial instrumentations.
3. We will try to align our ongoing TC project SRL 1010 with the Radiotracer techniques.

3.11 Syrian Arab Republic

Brief background of AECS:
Atomic Energy Commission of Syria was established in 1976 and it is a governmental agency
responsible for peaceful utilization of atomic and nuclear technologies.
AECS includes a group of basic and applied scientific departments: Department of Protection
and Safety; Department of Radiation Technology; Department of Radiation Medicine;
Department of Nuclear Engineering; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology;
Scientific Services Department; Technical Services Department; Department of Physics;
Department of Chemistry; Department of Geology and Department of Agriculture.
The activities of AECS are focused on:
 Environmental measurements of the level of radon in the air (Department of Protection
and Safety).
 Production of short-lived radioactive isotopes used in the medical diagnosis of tumors:
Iodine-123, Gallium 67, Fluorodeoxyglucose-18.
 The irradiation facility used in sterilizing medical materials and in preserving and safety
of foodstuffs (Department of Radiation Technology).
 We have The National Radiation Metrology Laboratory of AECS, which was recently
adopted as a regional reference center (Department of Protection and Safety).
Status/Achievement:
Regarding the current status of Radiotracer Technology Measurement (RTM) and Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation in Syria, I would like to point out that we are still beginners
in this field. Until now no established laboratory for RTM&CFD (no radiotracer lab). Due to the
lack of RTM equipment (data acquisition system, detectors, RTD software for industrial
applications of radiotracers).
Moreover, we don't have trained/certified personnel in RTM from international society for tracer
and radiation applications (ISTRA) endorsed by IAEA. Our national project team will consist of
at least 4 members.
I would like to point out here that we have experience (human resources) in dealing with
radiotracer works (preparation of tracer, calculation, injection, analysis, etc.) as a result of
involvement in earlier regional and national projects.
The suitable industries for hybrid applications in my country are wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP) and oil and gas specifically the Baniyas refinery located in Tartous, and Homs
Refinery located in Homs).
 Two participants from Syria have completed the Regional Training Course on
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Industrial Process Flow Modelling and
Simulation held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2022.
The challenges related to RT&CFD industrial applications in my country are:
1. Lack of RTM equipment (Data-Acquisition System (DAS) unit for Industrial Applications of
Radiotracers, Sodium Iodide (NaI) Scintillation Detectors (Waterproof), RTD software for
Industrial Applications of Radiotracers).
2. Lack of trained/certified Personnel in Radiotracers & Gamma Scanning (RTM).
3. Less amount of funds
4. Lack of Hybrid activities (RTM&CFD).
Work Plan for 2023-25:
In order to learn/benefit from the expertise and experience of other countries in this field and to
contribute effectively to the development of the project, the following are needed:
Assistance in providing equipment/software:
1. Two Sodium Iodide (NaI) Scintillation Detectors (Waterproof) for Industrial
Applications of Radiotracers.
 2. Data-Acquisition System (DAS) unit for Industrial Applications of Radiotracers.
3. RTD software for Industrial Applications of Radiotracers.
Suggested activities:
 Training Course on RTM in industrial applications.
 Fellowship (to the country that has applied technologies RTM and CFD).

3.12 Thailand
Background and Achievement
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) is an organization that separated from Office
of Atoms for Peace (OAP) since 2006. The main missions of TINT are to promote the safe and
peaceful use of nuclear and radiation technologies in the field of agricultural, medical, industrial.
TINT has played an important role in promotion of technology to especially petrochemical, oil
and gas industries through services. Process diagnostic using gamma transmission technique is
accepted by users by the three major reasons. Firstly, and most importantly, there is considerable
economic benefit to these industries from radioisotope technology. Refineries and petrochemical
plants are large and continuously operating so that the ability to diagnose problems on line and
with minimal disruption to the process can lead to very large savings. Secondly, the processes
operated by them are complex: the insights provided by on-line radioisotope applications can be
invaluable, both for trouble-shooting and as inputs to process optimization. Thirdly the industries
are international in nature. Scientific, engineering and technical personnel are often assigned to
overseas postings in the course of career development and take their user experience with them.
This has been an important factor in the worldwide acceptance and use of radioisotope
technology by industry. Applications in these industries are therefore reasonably representative
of industrial usage in general. TINT has provided the massive routine services in gamma
scanning of distillation column. This is very well-known technology among 23 client companies.
For the radioactive tracer technology, TINT has done both laboratory experiment and field
experiment. There are many lessons learned from field experiment is that, the promotion as well
as education to the user are big important issue and must be done at early stage before providing
service. Though in Thailand, it has not been proven the benefit of using radioactive tracer
technology in the industry, the users are aware of the technology and are waiting for the
experiment to them. TINT has also developed the gamma computed tomography using fan beam
incorporate with conventional gamma scanning. Thus, it enhances the result for better
understanding to the customer. To be more emphasize, the following remarkable services are
reported; (i) Gamma scanning for process column and pipe scan TINT has continuously provided
services for petroleum and petrochemical industries. Table 1 shows the statistic of column
scanning service toward 23 companies, for example PTT, ThaiOil, Gas Separation Plant, etc.
Significantly number of column serviced per year is approximately 50 columns which indicates
the satisfactory of client toward the service from TINT. (ii) Neutron backscattering technique is
applied to evaluate the sand deposit in the horizontal tank as well as deposition of sludge in the
tank farm. Along the year, TINT regularly provide the service of neutron backscattering to the
industries. Oil rig off-shore is one of customer who satisfied with the project. (iii) Radiotracer
technique can be regarded as radiation emission technique which emit from the mixing between
medium and radiotracer compound. Such that, medium behavior can be observed through the
detection signal. This technology enables the petroleum and petrochemical to benefit the internal
phenomena such as flow rate measurement, leak detection in heat exchanger, etc. During 5 years,
TINT has studied the radiotracer technique to measure the resident time distribution of
laboratory scale process. Though the process has been dismantled to be install in the new
building, previous study presents some results as mean resident time of the laboratory scale plant
as well as the water purification plant at TINT. The field study was implemented as well. The
lesson learned from the field study play an important role in development of both scientific sense
and mentality sense. The dependency of this technology is baring on the operation of research
reactor to produce the radiotracers. Yet, it is possible to obtain the radiotracer from the
radioisotope production from Isotope center of TINT who provide the 99mTc and 131I. The
industries learned the advantage of technology from IAEA publication. Since then, there is a
possibility to provide the radiotracer services to inspect leakage in heat exchangers. (iv)
Computed Tomography is an advance gamma transmission method. The transmission
measurement is performed formulary until it meets the minimum requirement for computation.
Measured data set are treated and used in the computation algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The process column problem sometime cannot be solved or cannot be identified by simple
gamma scanning. For better understanding of problem, the fan-beam computed tomography is
applied. The spatial resolution and complication of operation should be optimized in order to
make a feasible and possible process and transportable equipment and technology.
Current research and development
Refurbishment of hot cell for industrial radiotracer production
Development of Flooded Member Inspection equipment for subsea pipe inspection
Industry computed tomography to sectional inspection of process column couple with
conventional gamma scanning technique
Development of Radio particle tracking with encapsulated nano Se-75
Development of Laminography to couple with conventional gamma scanning
Needs
Thailand needs support in terms of certification of radiotracer and gamma scanning
personnel.

3.13 Vietnam
Background and Achievement
Centre for Applications of Nuclear Technique in Industry (CANTI) is the public organization
under Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM). The missions of CANTI are research and
development of applications of nuclear technique such as radiotracer, radiation sources and
related techniques in the field of industry and life sciences, provision of technical consultancy
and services, technology transfer and training in the interests of production needs.
With the technical support of the IAEA through the implementation of IAEA/RCA/RAS as well
as TC projects and the support of VINATOM through many national projects, laboratories of
application of nuclear technique in industrial process investigation has been formed and
developed in CANTI nowadays, creating capacity including human resources, methods and
equipment, participating in solving many incident situations as well as meeting needs to optimize
production lines. By application of nuclear techniques and related techniques, CANTI has
contributed to improving production efficiency and reducing costs, preventing environmental
disasters in industrial production of the country such as petroleum production, petroleum
refineries, fertilizers and power plants.
CANTI has participated actively in implementation of RCA/RAS Projects and TCDC through
technology transfer and provision of expert missions, equipment, procedures to the Member
States and organization of the project events.
The outstanding technologies of CANTI in the field of tracer/radiotracer and radioisotope sealed
source can be mentioned as follows: i) inter-well tracer to study direction and velocity of injected
water/gas in secondary oil production, ii) gamma scanning for inspecting process column, oil/gas
pipelines, iii) flooded member inspection iv) design and fabrication of industrial computed
tomography scanner. Each technology has a success story that is evidence of the effective
coordination between regional cooperation projects (RCA/RAS), technical cooperation (TC)
projects and national investments.
During the past three years, many scientific research and technological development activities
related to the RAS1030 project have been conducted at CANTI and has achieved some
remarkable results, there were:
- Study of the compartment modeling (CM) method on the basic non-reactive tank using
CFD and RTD measurement;
- Design and fabrication of fast Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
(SPECT) scanner for studying flow dynamic;
- Research on tomographic gamma scanning (laminography) for investigating of
industrial process column;
- Design and fabrication of mini-SPECT prototype scanner;
- Establishment of flood member inspection (FMI) using gamma scan technique;
- Assessing local pore velocity along preferential flow in earthen dam using salt tracer;
- Determination of direction and velocity of injected gas in gas condensate reservoir by
gas tracer;
- Determination of direction and velocity of injected water in sediment oil reservoir by
chemical tracer.

Work Plan for 2023-25

 - Research on the preparation of radioactive tracers for high temperature aqueous and
hydrocarbon phases for leak detection in heat exchanger;
- Design and fabrication of large-scale tomographic gamma scanner (laminography) for
investigation of industrial process column in oi refinery;
- Design and fabrication of small size detector for radiotracer measurement;
- Design and set up a new flow-rig for tracer experiment;
- Carry out at least 1 tracer experiment for validation of CFD simulation and CM model.
- Organize internal training on CFD, RTD measurement, RTD analysis as well as CM.
- Organize workshop, meeting with end-user to promote radiotracer technique for
problem solving of industrial processes.

Expected Outputs
- Consolidate and strengthen the capacity of laboratories in the field of application of
sealed source and radioisotope techniques for investigation and troubleshooting of industrial
processes;
- Build and form at least one more technology/equipment/procedure that can be applied
in practice or can be transferred to some Member States.
- Form strong research groups that capable to solve urgent requirements arising from
actual production.

4. Discussions
●
●
● .

5. Workplan for 2023-25

6. Recommendations to the IAEA

Recommendations to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) could be concluded in the
following points.

1. Fostering international collaboration on the radiotracer’s technologies and applications

among the member states.
2. Supporting research and development on the radiotracer’s technologies
 3. Promoting standardization
4. Strengthening international cooperation
5. Dissemination of information on radiotracer technologies among the members states.

7. Conclusions
The mid-term review meeting of the IAEA technical cooperation project, RAS1030 - using
radioisotope techniques and computational fluid dynamics simulation for troubleshooting and
optimizing of industrial processes, was held between 28 August to 1 September 2023 at Da Lat,
Viet Nam. The meeting aimed to evaluate the progress and achievements of the project thus far
and provide recommendations for its successful completion. The meeting brought together
member states to share their knowledge, experiences, and best practices. During the meeting,
several key conclusions were drawn, highlighting the significance and potential of radiotracer
technologies in diverse fields. These conclusions are as follows:
1. During the meeting, the participants discussed various aspects of the project, including
the implementation of radioisotope techniques and computational fluid dynamics
simulation in troubleshooting and optimizing industrial processes. It was evident from the
presentations and discussions that these techniques have proven to be valuable tools in
identifying process inefficiencies, improving product quality, and reducing operational
costs in a wide range of industrial sectors.
2. Radiotracer applications in industrial processes, such as oil and gas exploration, mining,
and manufacturing, were discussed extensively. Participants acknowledged the
significant role of radiotracer techniques in optimizing process efficiencies, and
troubleshooting.
3. One of the key conclusions drawn from the project mid-term review meeting is the
importance of collaboration and knowledge sharing among the participating countries.
The exchange of expertise and best practices has facilitated the successful
implementation of the project and has enhanced the capabilities of the participating
countries in troubleshooting and optimizing their industrial processes.
4. The meeting underscored the importance of capacity building and knowledge sharing in
the field of radiotracer technologies. Participants recognized the need for training
programs, fellowships, workshops, expert mission, and knowledge exchange platform to
foster the development of skilled professionals in radiotracer applications. The IAEA was
commended for its efforts in supporting member states in this regard.
5. …
6. ….
7. ….
8. ….
9.
In conclusion, the mid-term review meeting of the IAEA technical cooperation project -
RAS1030 using radioisotope techniques and computational fluid dynamics simulation for
troubleshooting and optimizing of industrial processes - has provided valuable insights and
recommendations for the successful continuation of the project. The progress achieved thus far is
a testament to the effectiveness of radioisotope techniques and computational fluid dynamics
simulation in improving industrial processes. By building upon these achievements and
addressing the identified challenges, the project has the potential to make a significant and
lasting impact on industrial sectors worldwide. The collaboration among participating countries,
the utilization of radioisotope techniques and computational fluid dynamics simulation, and the
emphasis on research and development have all contributed to the success of the project. It is
anticipated that the outcomes of this project will continue to benefit member states and pave the
way for further advancements in radiotracers technologies.
Finally, the IAEA and member states express their gratitude and appreciation to CANTI
for hosting the Mid-term Review Meeting of the IAEA Technical Cooperation Project. Their
support and collaboration have been invaluable in ensuring the success of this important event.
Furthermore, CANTI's warm hospitality and impeccable arrangements have made all participants
feel welcome and comfortable throughout the duration of the meeting. The success of this
meeting would not have been possible without their support and commitment to the project's
objectives.

Appendix
 Project Mid -term Review Meeting
IAEA Technical Cooperation Project
RAS1030 - Using Radioisotope Techniques and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation for
Troubleshooting and Optimizing of Industrial Processes
(Ref. No.: ME-RAS1030-2302670)
held at
Centre for Applications of Nuclear Technique in Industry (CANTI)
Da Lat, Viet Nam
28 August to 1 September 2023

Provisional Agenda

Monday, August 28
09:00 – 09:45 Opening of Meeting
- Dr. Nguyen Huu Quang, Chairman of Science, CANTI
Technology and Training Council, CANTI
-Ms. Hannah A. Affum, Technical Officer, IAEA
IAEA
- Mr. Syahril Syahril, Programme Management
Officer (PMO), IAEA
-Introduction of Participants
-Election of the Chairman/Chairperson and All Participants
Rapporteurs
-Adoption of the Agenda
-Administrative Arrangements (funds, etc)
-Announcements (group photograph, reception etc)
9:45 – 10:15 Overview of the Project RAS1030 Mr. Syahril Syahril,
IAEA
10:15 – 10:45 Status and trends in Radiotracer Applications for Ms. Hannah A. Affum
Industrial Applications IAEA
10:45 – 11:00 Coffee break
11:00 – 11:30 Challenges and Opportunities of Radiotracer Dr. Nguyen Huu
Application in Industry in Vietnam Quang, CANTI
Country Presentations 1
11:30 – 12:00 Bangladesh Chair:
12:00 – 12:30 Indonesia Rapporteur
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch break
 Country Presentations-2
13:30 – 14:00 Iran Chair:
14:00 – 14:30 Laos Rapporteur
14:30 – 15:00 Malaysia
15:00 – 15:30 Coffee break
Country Presentations-3
15:30 – 16:00 Mongolia Chair:
16:00 – 16:30 Myanmar Rapporteur:
16:30 – 17:00 Pakistan
Tuesday, August 29
Country Presentations-4
09:00 – 09:30 Saudi Arabia Chair:
09:30 – 10:00 Sri Lanka Rapporteur
10:00 – 10:30 Syria
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break
Country Presentations-5
11:00 – 11:30 Thailand Chair:
11:30 – 12:00 Vietnam Rapporteur
12:00 – 13:30 Lunch Break
Special Presentations
13:30 – 15:00 - General discussions and takeaways from country Chair:
presentations Rapporteur
- Feature Presentation on ‘Industrial Tech Pack’ and Committee Rep.
discussions
15:00 – 15:30 Coffee break
15:30 – 17:30 Review of Workplan/Activities All Participants
Wednesday, August 30
9:00 – 10:30 Technical visit (Nuclear Research Institute) All Participants
- Nuclear Reactor
- Radioisotope Production Labs
11:00 – 12:30 Technical visit (Centre for Applications of Nuclear All Participants
Technique in Industry)
- Tracer lab
- Gamma scan and CT lab
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch Break
13:30 – 15:00 Discussion on future Workplan All Participants
15:00 – 15:30 Coffee Break
15:30 – 17:00 Discussion on future Workplan All Participants
18:00 – 20:30 Hospitality Reception All participants
 Thursday, August 31
9:00 – 10:30 Preparation of meeting report 1 All Participants
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break
11:00 – 12:30 Preparation of meeting report 2 All Participants
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch Break
13:30 – 15:00 Finalization of Meeting report Chair, All Participants
15:00 – 15:30 Coffee Break
15:30 – 17:00 Discussion and finalization of the Meeting report Chair, All Participants
Friday, September 1
9:00 – 10:30 Review of Meeting report Chair/Rapporteurs/All
participants
10:30 – 11:00 Coffee Break
11:00 – 12:30 Presentation of Meeting report Chair/Rapporteurs
12:30 – 13:30 Lunch Break
13:30 – 17:00 -Acceptance/Approval of Meeting Report PMO, TO
-Acknowledgements
-Announcements
-Meeting Closure

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS