Lecturer's Notes Microprocessor and Microcontroller (MPMC ) Mrs Banaja Mohapatra Department Of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineeringay The cPv budit Récwe pre ceasore + re come [i]s [eee > BA Thecce are B type of ae va DD Dera bre Q Aclawers bus ® Comtwor ber : core rer ease ts a physical cammecting cosce used + fea &6) betcoeen CPU peripherals - tirecticnal. » preem a a eae or” sbus are Used to identify she peru phieles A. gnoup of Line i i Abo prrerenk io \ aransfers he cocrbrot, aegoat . D TEAR siinghs ame - ( teevide » Aeron (is < a cH écwoprnce sor Se Logic cles eC Amie, isi tne feet 20g operakens © Prixheontic operedon i L @ Logtead 8 ne \ @) Dedal transfer i ; @ Henereation ot comysh 2 2. Shakos ae FRET SRS, Lo a wii ready” spenipherdh to. pri\ . q ™~s poe Kp have. ‘Rhe teocang apecifen tiene sy 7? S bee. ‘ > Uo pen yo “> Die, LS. chep. . | | | > Sk acl wer space . > + SV Scepply . —? Ste S MHz clock. Frequency , pe Th @ a hos Micreoprocemore > B bit és the prraceasen capacity cf BOBS pep a eahich opercoke ot man. 2 bit of cleaka. Dm PIP — Duet To Lene PACK fe. Pn each side of Bhe ~ aqreot n0.6F pins arce preeseok ». LSt— fe, are fabetcaked en harege scole integration . " . i _ S88E —ematt scale antegrntion > 110} oo. of ' ~ Msfumedium 1 a BR 10-406), Awansistors Lsf -large 9 ” > log ceo ae VEST —voray starege 1 » |e 10G0 o000— 7 SUK is the oddwers space. - | GUKB 4» “ c, ek | / opacity 6uk = Q'6 > 16 addwen Liner ! / @ dofa Uners. | \D-+sv supply és nent to beas bbs ce! Clock. Frequency is, ‘sect fore Ae Bequemteak Cirrcusihe » i oe TH frequency és more Rirne WEL be Lem) so System wrk be mere Fostert, >: wy . ‘Aw the uo pins of ‘goes ocd, N% G groups - These ane —-, pal i | 3 ; i— > Murtiplerxed addrers data bua . — High onder addrem deta btu - —> Controm & ghabus plo. Power supply and clock ~> SrRerenatty Emékiated signab’ 2 éHlerrupte . TY Serial Yo scomash péns . : Malti plexed oddeen data bu + { In 808s — ne \ | » Bhe Low order Pies addreos pins 12: Ae Aa and dota ping .De-09 ane mubtiplezed. and cebered os ADe—AD, - This & Pies can Sorry ef there dota . Addrem Liner Ao- Ais ower orders addrem Pins — Ae to As highere orederc addres pins — Ae to Ais Héghere orclere adden pins are cec! Lo corey the MSO of the address. CAs ns’) d lower addres ow the | Control and status pins ‘- @ Are CAddvese latch encdote) cdelress date bus . when -thes pin é& ak hogee* operation and AD- ADs ck as Ay—A . cohen thés pin is ak Logic oO, Cd inctiartas Bhere & a daka Operation - and ADs - AD; acts os Do-Dp - a ©) RD (React) 7 hes is an ackve Row PIN and Ek indicaker whether here is any mead operation goeng O17 TP thés pin is Low 4 ck indicoker Ahe : or dakar ant transferee see 4 Mierop rece mor Teadér from peniphermbt to preceasow - & SSPe GR (ucite) — PM és a signa to comPror Conéte Opertarion . Cohan é& goer Loew Ihe doko On khe data bes ls coreitten ictto the selected Memery oy L/o operation. 7 yer ii @ 20/M.— (VP op mecnery) TL is a alobes Ségnak eobech distinguishes a fhe oddren for machory ow S/o. eghen Ct goes egh the Address OO the aclelren bus és: for an L/O olevlce . eIhen EL goer low ,-+the adetren bur és b eee acolo. ‘ |® Soc ~ these ane she -gdodus gnats Aeat by he EP: St So Status. ° Oo Hatt ° 1 Wretke, \ o Read i ' ! Fetch. ©” Vee (+5v) ©” Ves (grecund. ceforrence) ®: Xi +X2 — These are, Leieridnera! £o- ve, AMeiec ted | fo On extenrnel cuyetal“ocet LY = inte gna Clad oh the: [fuser ‘elock for the: opertation fe f | : b Clock and power supply = ae i r Banaja Mohapatra Dept. OF E ¢ T Engg. reuroreinenaentcontd |XX — These tuwo pens! Cresta Oscittator. fs connecrs Ahere, PINA.ANd the Prequrency Osciakos is made halt Counker ndernally and “tha Fc ney és cesed ay Cperating freq: of pep: ; CLKOUT — This pio is Wed to prroviste < ee — TH IS a lireéquert that és preovécect | the. Peripheral Yo Lhe Preeasor Ao stop cs” Normol execution | _lotereeaspt Ackedesledge— me. Afjerc geting ac émlerrupt wequest she procemor WUL Shop bts Hormal execution as s00n as Possible .andt then C& Sency an acknowlectgeme fe &he pereipheyal . ‘thes paocemo& sendin indertrupt and getting, acknasledgement is known ae Q wouy hand shaking noclemg . Pa BOBS we Have jes énkertrcapl pine. These om + © Ont : @® rxstas RST. 655 @ est ss © TRee fe TNA | Centerrept ackreledye, Fife i -menk pia)PAM kMese S toherrupls ane linoe2n ay hardware ioMwerupls “Gag eRe Can be Ged _by Die glace, Merrupi the pp. AWS Grom hese 5 enterrupis (Rap is MoNMaskebhe ond Cayricn seme the highest peconty tom The wemaining coxercreupts » the priority (O &he order RST 9.5 7TRSTE: SZ RST SE vo BK OT ae AN hee were ee PNY | Masketle inberccreupt i FB mashable tterrupt fs one cahech ean be cmacte affective /eneflectve according * sohe ) wequivement ef the programmer /user - Whereas, a noomasketole ontereupt és atcoeys mace eflectives SS TRIB — “Ihe Pe cs Usecl by the pLP eo khe | Pereépherat which aencl ackrosiedgement SEQMebs . ~@ yore @® Hrea Chead acknouiledgenent) ‘these Q pens orce esed fore DMA (chivect | memory access) t DMA — (Ba DMA she Yo sercts a mequerl co the | Processor Bo the hob pin. Afker getting the [| weqeest , the precemor webk STOP Ms Normal execution: as peom as possi and ek csegy Bend an acknowledgement © the Ve, Aster gesting the acknoledgement the 276 | weceives ghe COMtroL of addre» bus and dota bus. and by wing that the Yo con easAi COMMEURIecaRE COTA, Lhe MEMOMY wethordk, aN Support “from -parceror. "D READY - Thies pin ts Udech to Wterfiace Ahe KP hich has alovoort pererpherahk levees» Skye wee Ub 208s, i READY “i 'Qsec ¥ Sec ; oom) oe ; ») RESET IN ‘— Rerek &) pin & Wed zo ise whe EP or cto bring, the. mak to as tmettal conditien. : . MD RESET GoT 1: Reseb out “pin és, aed bo eset Ahe peredpherc» hoy Bhe. proceso, Serial To Cookrot pens G)STD'- Serial Cope data. . Ths peg. és used | by, Hhe, HE ke wead Rhe Aeka sorcéatty « ‘ 4 GD) Sop- genvat ube aba’, This pen és cxrech Poe coritting the data Autiody . ‘eeTT Uo Vee nvoan Ro al Vss ‘ Furctionat Bleck Diagram of 8085 BP eee aSSiQN Men} — § Pin déagram ) Block cliagramn olution of Micrecompeler eycten TA is ctiviclect ento &) Register. block . @ General purpose regesters Cores) ® Tastiwockoned re giskers. @ Stack Posner . @ Progracn counter . © Toternal vegister (c2,2) ® Frag weqésher o Temp, wegisher ® Acideess Latch Increment / Decrement . @ Acceractetore[ |. 4p yey 85a: quad) [e2W2BI| Berd ausod | 4 Wdosrajenn weLe Pi) 4 Meméng- 2 conkwok Unedk ) ero at ) Insteeuc thon ctecoder 2 Serial Yo comlvol }F) Inkerrapt contre. $32. Sysgam ‘Bus . Regestere Block 1 Qenerok Porpese vegisters (OPRa) pee ‘ Tr Boss Ce have G purpose (eegis hers those are B,C5D,E,HL. Lach of B bik These reeqéskercs Can also 16 bee operant 2 oe 79 he poiving | Poirs ane Bt,0e, HL: | Accumutator (eer Dede Regt) -tThes és also to holch the operand doin: apecto® but ¢& have Some O For any binary be’ cereal “ke hho La aster pair .cohere, as Redd’ and, the register = 1,8 bee wegisker .cohéch ts Ose andy, operation fanckons— operation Codhere 2 operands) age need ) | oy the operands fs abewoys present @ Por oy he wesulk accucnloter : eee EO Bhe acct mmutaker . andhanoke! /legtcad leper hoo és olways ebrained co Lhe\asdruc tion wegisters ‘- TR is ako an 8 wegester be sth to Hold Lhe (insdruc kon » Code before decodic G Cee Stack peirkerc H Shack & a dala ghructere Where dear are ae be stored wm LIFo method . and Steck. Poroker is a IG bed vagéster Bhar holla he Oddren oh Shack *op: Y, _ WOGrwradv, COuNker bo Pregram. counker és a |G .lb6k vegésker Ve. Used ‘to holed the addnrress Sf the ext Cnskruchion’ to be: exectekeal + Ta other word @ Program counter Sequences Lhe execution, of Bhe Pregram . ' | lokernck vregisker CO.) Thece A wegisters CFF gag know os ea Lnvesiole wegisters:: onal each weqester is of B ork Length - These a Tegesters ore only Used log a -pmoce saw cote nally aed Goret be wees by a programmer / User a Temporary register This és obo. On @ bit program eovéséble Segisker ie Used by the PrPEcoMor eqrernaby . Srack / atack ds a raquence of memory loc? eek once by oO pregramer +o Store Jrekrcieve tne contents Bf accumulator Aiag /PC & oPRS Auaing exec™ of o Pry:Ve Clow onclee nozetket « : Vo kO4 eqesher = Ty 2088 there és on ® bik Prag TRY Coho xy Of the thos is wed So shou She Stok a of any ast thratic / Logécob pe Moe Proc) this & brds ootys bexs : flag bes , Qnd the eens B bits ote nok Usd and are wemain in Aonk cave shake . > Parity flag eee renee Pusillasy car ry. Fla Zero flag q | es 8igo Flag. S Flag ~ (stgmfieg) 2 D5 “Thes bea ts Cesech Ro ghous Uhether the presutx | ts Positive or Negative im ‘core of..ségn " Magnityde Nambers. DP the reautt ~s +ve then géqr flag és vresek Co). pp wreacrt ‘is =Vve then sign flag é sek'C). Z Pag (zero fiag).: De thes Pag indicate, Cohefher Ahe weaurt is Zoro or Monxeno for any ALU operation, (DP the resutk is Keno ythés flag & set “ Otheredtse EL tS weaek. LAc CAuscilleany comny flag) + Du Sta a ame elobol: This flag indicader & Caer frogn locoer OOS af Rheve (So 4D Uppere Mébbke or Dg~7 Dy - Larry free Dey then. thés flag se - , —sTCO Ctheswise ék Es weaek- i P Prhag (Party flag) De | Ty e+ eneticadas: Ahe ch is O, G4 indicates TR Ahis Ptag és reer és ta even Posthy ane if an odd Parity . : -C Pag (carry Prag) Dot éo D3 for any avithens sek (1) Te there & a carry the operation then 5 this flag - es Otheruxse (4 cs weset CO) the comkecit of the flog vregister (@ bal és known a, PSW png. Status eworel) OR Psu (paar sicduel t a Cp ies skados word) (ace +-fieq) 1Toillorot 1110 Coty we 011000 Le ° df dfofolds -> PSO — BH, re]oe 4 ; 4 ecrl Vy Adltress fateh cneremnent /' iaasee 5 és (aed ty ‘ 6 xk vegéester cohich és This ts a | av ot addres, : “Lhe MOcremerk /deerernenk °# PolMLoy , (lemeng Q co a | PReel be ; Raveng ate fP. operations ee Tat ! Precesmox theugh gore comlaoh and s S Stgnab . Thes Signab are generoked by the ‘ Aiming and condwok Unch - ALY i— Thee block oS Kerponséble fy, OM the Oritheoatic. 2 logtast SPperotions . Trstvuction decolay Fach Apeodte ay 808s (G Tepeeented by an & beh benaey curcnee tO Bhe CO Tres Ponca format “ane Shak code. decodess by the Ostwrchon clecodex before Lhe VReecohog-, Sertat Wo control 2 Thes! God? de menporigiels to control the serttal data Beonsfer ' bel inoar HP and Peripherals theroogh SID and sop Peas. Macher. danguage Toterrupt CONROE Te look Comtaobs ott he. five Dkerruph wequest ard the acknowledgement - Sustees Bus Thes és dhe COMMURCOL A Core cao s cl. ot usire,” thos Cm Aon colclrey, Ord comb’ signat. awh, TWhés block Proviclen communication beteoen MP PerePherals ord alse inside, -the Procestorc . : Adetreessan, modes “of goss BPS Pddwessing mmode cs the! iprocen baz ool eh on Opsrark.is apeccRect P addlesssed in a0 énsteuction, To BO8S we have five. deff adderessing mneden. These ate — a : » © Dever Oddwessing cece . D Regester addwessirg mods « ® Regester éadireck addressing mode . a @ Tomedicte addressing mods © Mphicer addressing mede . Direct cold ressing Mode Sf the oparand Belt coolains 16 bet Cechory adldlress or & bk D/O addeess Wren the ad asin] roode és cliveck + To general 1 (9a cdiveck addressing mode s the operand is a Memon comPent or To elecnenr| cohéch és specified by els addvess. example-- STA UOSOH . —SAdd rem wrarge C000 to PPFF —64K. fifo addres 00 fp FR +266. LDA ues) Register adtdwesséng Mode '- TP the operand & O register comer and és Ras at cpecihed by the rame of cegésier then thet by of addeess. fs Vegéster adetress . }. 4ex - Mov Bic ADD D a : ‘ ; Regéstes tncdixect arelcta eascerg : TP she “operard és a memosy content eohich is Endivectiy addeessed by o wegester Pair then -the ade rening- ts register indirect ex — Mov BM Thes ENSteeicHon cont transfer “Ihe coclert of memory which es endivectiy ocldressl eee Hot oegister pair «0 vegéister By To Boss HL és xhe aefaeta Mmernory pocorter, Ten netics acldressing I Th a & bez OF [6 bek eperart Agila fs preseot clivrecaly €9 the. operarck +Retd ythen the | adlelressiog Mode és éramecdiate : en — MVE A: SOH. ADF B,30H. LR GB, UCDOH. Ponpiicté addwressing ne For some specie unary ‘operagioos agi operand és ot specihed 2a the iosiwuch 6 — a et rer, 20d the operand is She ackum qari eee tne Operation fs aloo held 09 as oy hocation: “This aype Of addwressieg ee actavess': ex-— ema, DAA Mein LiGomplemens occiareutesor’) enad adyvst aceyrnutetrr) ws Banaja Mohapatra Dept OF E ¢T Engg. weo a ait a ® dp _ Peeable snterropt excep TRAP - @® Som ~ Sek eMervpt Mask © Rim ~ Read Werropd mark . © Nop ~ No Operation , | | BE ser — : Tamana ‘Diaaram aa/oejed. A Kiming ciagram is a i Wepreson, taken Which shaes the execution st an ENWg4wuckoN CO.wr.& Heme : cee ] 1 = 3.38 KIO = B3Spra. (3-S MHz | BxIoF req) Ta kiming Uagram xAhe status of the Biiwseng 1 Peas awe to be Show) co.n. 4 be T Staken/ Clock Pulse , } © As-Ais @ avde-ad, ® Are (Bota & address ® © GR Comtrol. & Bhodus pins . © The ticne wrequaret cho antecute. ene struction és emoean (OD A EOStUction Cycke.i leveded. arto qine et A enstruchon cycle 2s oivide Rec “odd ai Mies and ihe asengle Mc. spect co of 44° operation és going *P be h . Fa A ME may be —. Mw ® Opecode feach Lop @ Operend -road . © Memory read . @ Memory cowie. - M eeoprocerror : & £/0 woad ictaked operation. ©® Vo ore. : STA. UOSCH L-3 ce Nos Opceds I Merm ‘ ode opcode ite 4 i Fetch ee “redel con te | Moy am nYC- 2 ae ae meenort ee ocd rc ndgosa' Moy A-B eo kilg M-1 oT-U- Cor) ie ! | 00 Arenscten time > ts required for Araasehoo fron o3t/ i ‘ 2.8) | . TN CEGish Here ieabecod) 7 RG! ol oe ee | giaDs cach Mov ALB = oe je Ted Mio > i ALE \ , | Lofq- : 5 Lo ie T—oddren } RD I opr? — TesTa~ Data | i wR _| a opr | [Ta — OF Gecodins | a in ° | i & < | | Tester yoas INR B. i eagth 1 MC >4 - opcode Batch: TStote > UY i Th. Ps ca: TS of: Te Bglosary Uoas: oe Mvt aA 450n A aR lopcod usa : : YOAE loperareh Me ~~ 9 7 OFC Trg oR (SD | | J — Lxf H,40S@ :UWOAS DL saan CFLa) Cc os ee ee MWo-4U< og (ise) OR CHse TH43 ae ) Hott ©5) 4 RBetoritéor React (10) a Ade} Fete Cid VA oa pda eS add cele! L ae—~ eo | ey ee ele St = QE SV ran TU L 6 oe cit ao : : vr | Abe, a oh f ey em te’ WON : 7 $7 floodo /| | Kea ea ke aL | “abidh= ay : (uzt2} xposd dQ) ; ee 2) eH SAF TR >lnstercrction OUT ade i oF MGs 3g T- State + TOLOR : 10 Me =1 Twistote Bubfer = he _ oe. Enabhe Ackive lec enable boffer, Ackive hégh enable buffer : arte | web legs That (9S, ottance tach | We Lipide a ' hey On ee ‘ejecitucet open ee Tuer: Tree -SoB ope haga Huns) ; tobe] enable ness é, my A 4 ee 4a tien HSOQ0H S Active boco — LDA add ® Hegh COOmecamce Actress epace Poelidion ing DET, The total Aclawess genernectect logo aystern 4, a ai wcohich depends o¢ ae oo porsenk 02 the over, TL these are A addeess Liner Peek thor ee eee sf ot addaessas oo y he BeNere he, Chaveng Harhog Acldress from 1 M0-Sf 20K, to lant address 0 most ones) Hence EnchirecAty a macimum 6 Q° no. St Periphern: Aevices Can be Connected with the SY skern | As a Peri pherah Mey be eH OO ey / Vo hence the PoRek adldaess FJeneraked or 4), address space 63 to ba eliveded between ECs ond foe technique sf Li victeng the acldyese SPece —& known ay Oddress space Pert tonin: Nowa as There cure Desrcattey A Rech neque are Used tow address SpPaco Part Honiton — QD Meenony Mapped To , @® Po mepped To,1 Memory mapped Toi Ba Ty ahes technique she total adctae< treated by a Processor ts for me 4 Qemnomis Here 4he procesroe “considers dhe to ‘Aas maliengi Yn sing Fremony glenerA 8: S/os ‘ave leorngekadh . Gikyen Prachi Be) SPR) Gon ctor bee Weta recen os Pddwrsc. uk: the peocegey astute the HS ooo by Cantona Memory instruc Hons . Here ne separute CNSdruckions ore there for Vo opewation . i TE mappest tyo —_———_ \ fi | | | | To ahs Aethnique a single address can be | Signed to a Memory and Abe same ear be Suseqnecd “bo To. The preceson oem cdenthe Whether the address betongs te mnemmany o7 Ifo. by the help of TeJM - Hence the” Capseity of peripherals that can be Commected te a §ystem by taing To | 5 Hopped AO cs dlouHed fer Tro Cpercton Separate iAsdeuckions Are presesk tt Anis proces. A Banaja Mohapatra Dept of E & T Engg. = —aie=aniaree nt SadPater — SOBGpup Specch€ation-—s le bet. EHP > Based on ON Channel H-Mos hecho to, T° B360mA on Sv supply _ =e Temp. WEUNGe == BOR | +tes 1Borp TP Acelress space — 1M ‘ a ine, = aS s Bs z sh —> Operating Speed —sming 73 MZ fro, Jets > UOpM Dip. ST vee a1 nds 33 t—7 PB /S2 Segment aa A 15/ Sy D wenfier 32 17 Ag] Ss — enterrupt status 2s | 7An/ og wT? BABY S53 33 (= MN/aR : de ae toes root Jd et 31 TRG / ST, CHoLD) i rm az- 4 Ee RQ/GT. (HLA) 10 NY Lock (GR) 28 [82 CM /) ae y= Cote) sy CEN). ay La 88 Cate) oy t az |e— S31 Cinta) Test Is a2 Ready tJ ale Rene ~ Nw oOADe ~ ADS, > Muttiplead actress dota bus, a sThe 16 later pas fro. Dew Dis Are con bere orcler 16 aclcre ss pens weforrd ay ADs. ADIs. cf 9% athe clata adteleress » Ale = Ais cot -Ure lace Orr} “There, plas cure rrexponsitals and atyo Ahe locwer te pin > Hegh owler adelrese pens « These Pins ame Mulkiplere d ctAh -Lhe stokes péos Sg- Se + Maeeeghey Ba and Sy acre “the Seqment éctentRey and sewthe slatws ol the Segment ‘“cohéch és Cusrenlly , '€) Uae. CThye Pens aoe beg hy Segment set" Wedonce setae] °o Alternacke note ake. ( Snbrea. es my © Stack aeqnenk } Cok a Dasa nah | Bs. ES the totes rare Slatus ond 36 & cored fy Brac Speciak purpose ghd 20) BAY So ~ (Bur hegh enable) Tres pen és wed > enable dhe most signcktant hart SF the dota bun :( DE Dic) | g, Saleat | | RD tr Alckive how PEN anal endicates es Prrcessow 5 reackéng ‘hho dota feveo he Peripheral 5 qRe ADy — J6 - te hace sloesor ey Used + Pemipheray deweey torth the Mp: INTRO Non vectored tyus COR TrUPL ea, pt, SET = (Neomnasbeub be trkerrup® rR Ae) cp Reset Bring jap ce enchal cond® CL KK : — PROBA Glock BETO © Cop by caper i Yee, Ond -— $086 we have a Bound pir ae le. pin oo. 4 Sa Ber m0. d0 u The pes no. 5 - om D*Pund ptr, ox Keno wofereorics For athe COMPONE M45 Prrerenk inscle gone. The 264 Onp pio be. pin nol & the refere, VeRtage for cock an. ae Vee és Mine FSV px. oe TP a2. PLO és kopl Lows Rey \4 CPSC cu Ve Clock Petey Ahern Bhe ee CeCe ane war & Fest Pty goes hegh. (hee y ne SOP Cris. 2 (Stee, Sam operation of ao86 pepe re oe s Pepe e Modes of BORG Operate &9 2 Mecho» . O> Men Medco . CID Max Mode. when eAly licey C8oge) es fo be Kred Ma ke Conn puter Sqstem LBhen Sose és Cet " Gm, Bho ME. peck: of operation RMAs ioctl te cad FJenerakey art he COMtvoh Seqraly wequéred fe memory i ' ; é COSATUCHCA UO Aho Sa~~ | and Jo operation , 7 WI URE PROCESS O° sysiem 8086 eperakes 10 the ma cnode » LA Mor. mode the Contrmh stqnal are generated by inret 8as8 bw comlrmilac. - The tevel of. the pe MN/MX ecéclor he operaking modes 6f 808&. When Ch es hou s the CPO operate (A MAX mode ancl Vice vemra. Prom pin au-a1, & AifPewt sets 5f 364 cads acre owtgnecl for cach anode . pins’ Rr mnin mood Operntion Cire Sper? NAAR os duvet “Io et moda. UNV TRE Heyy, Sonmettedl to tS VS | ONTA = lo Rerrop & acknowleclgement 1 ALE & 5 W) DEN" This sqned oote ies an O/P ena Do. whenever (hel 8886 / a8) ockal “bea puiees és sed. (of adores Gennal dada Vis ae 3 ess Le a. JR a indicate ata Heit oe a, oe FRO. Octters cohen this ipto és hfgr Ukery lota TR wdicokes “dara ane received “oy the “octal bus transcer ver’. : ’ VY) M/S TO wm : vd) OR = of pie ia how hed pep ts en thing. vO Horp Y " ; wed Hupa > B pens are Aheve . hes 9 Pins are, Used for DNA operation.ifs Pins Be Mak Mods opevo on G OS ae a dD PK be Cone 5, i F8 srouna ORS Och, ee aa Se Paeeeeaiey 4, — Shera the Quece stotos ay Rikooe se, Qs, Qs. ee O OetNe Operation a a _ ; Bh UUBUTECH Sacatie FP ; _ Empty the Glaecse © Stbseneent yee fa eu ie Stoter bets endccatis Abe bud) op SoS 3 Sy a Currant bes aces epee: bes © 2 OM ipveeeneadens ‘D! es DONT reer) Read form Vo AGG "tout, Oe a ©. write te Yo DE Pew Po ho) OD: Rap or, > ROL GT, —Thes 2 pens an “ed bo Serc the mequedt Seyrak to Motel Saee bus ceaten Mark ton obtaineng the system bux anc Oko he J¥a0t Ségnat CNS cure. FAL R Ce 9, Citid Lock "Aes Bea ee TesisicR Bhe Oxhor Precessors -to Joan The contaat St!) the | Bossy < ’ Banaja Mohapatra Dept of E ¢T Engg. aei ol ws apg -o “ Nad Bie SIU ULNI ¢ Yan ‘ 8 que S/BHOL ‘ uasobou Kou? our Oo do 0 a % wpEG, YORVU SAG 3 L A . ; KAA suns : ae g : VES ssaepy 0 fe 6d, 2 sq) 3 «& v 3S i5g i By + 6 7257 pe sapened f Laysrbae Ort pee 6 | a fon Big e243 i 83 ssajsrbae, \ o ao PSUB dS puawbes . S u QL da & sop iod 42046 dE copay yy SF capa 8 st en Sa |OM), Clekay es i ee) GQyranrGer nies aoe’) The generat ptrcposo Megeste rs (ORRs) 7 Stack Potnter , bare poenter , enclore wegesters 4 16 bee Aw , flag along with decoder aod ae a & comter® cenet combenedity knocon o> Ahe OLLCUHOEA Lance Thes canek és werponsiabe Fee cecoding Q execettion of xzhe Ueructions clhecht eae present (2 the 6 byte quece . Bru AU the segment atgesters and énstructoo Pointer along coh 6 og te Ger are sociated cotth bu» interface Une. The BPO handle Aranshey of dota Grd addyess Between Processor and memory or Yo Aevéces » TR abo Salctutaten Ane Physical addeess OF Lhe enstruckions Bag ctebo, @steuctons fen the adeloess and Sfores them ce the G byte Fqeoecen tp be executed Sug which j ther by BU, Dy Pest “wrchoned block cliaqrann ef Porc te deveded Cero Ur ae ead eel ae teeWhenever BIV és fetcheng OEY COSEpCLCt on foes Memon , at the Seme -kiene CG és tealedine is the tostmeeHooe Peover Lhe FH LO. cal aAtreacty Paceak. Lerched by anu. Honet » beth the fuachonal uniis are operatic of 2 ctefferene Enstructions previcting Lon ticey 1 hechare | fev execution . This type J overlappeng operation \ | General purpose weg . & a Sunchomal units: of 8086 P+ és knaon on Piperé NOY st wey mevex coor, O95 Cenbral Fashul | —— ‘ Ew Bru Segment reg. Stack PowmAreye loste uct of pototer bese pomn&kes cee ee H®elex wegisters 1é b& ALU ticning RZ comtsed Vote Fiag estth decoder’,3 lroffic Light conmlrot System Mime Pexad. Roa ae eae Doo} CTUSS Acree te SIS Gg Case Ce ete ahead Ready -f0 cross Cvat — Bs : a Coa a = Por pectestrian s A rofke Mg cootwh syshern te a HP baned system opphicatiog where the erent avalhe digMab In tern 6f Light: 2 CoMwowe ed by A processor, Let ane ten fhe ouee . Qighas, e The Cndicates ae Sec be3% Shows — Reghs conker have s A, chove wd Light és aa Poe Hers Sch “hot there doing he a Ando of reel Elton Sf the ay & oramme Might 2 sood ats cia a tene é5 04 DX Pan Dy ie j AE es o on Ore Sea OW _aiw vi Giseeeso go ore ore ON OM fen | an) _ 13H he OFF NS) Ore Ore = 244 ONLet Ahe data Linen Axe CONMecked to tne, grafic Adighas en Ane Fo2mocsing Ordag D9 —wed Da —coeRkK Ds- Gren De~ Den walk | Dae, ae Temeong B cdeta Linen Dy, D3, De ae Hot Wed oF Main donot care - | Let ave traffic Light system és | 3 i | connected tA On ofp port having ao port oddren 30H + ' one 10000000 Pel LRT O,FPFF i AIDC D. i Ave Ays ih Mov Aj€ Cue eOH Chie a | MUS Gage itr pck 6 ca. DEL fMv2 ®t) pe ¥ Out geoH Pe MvT 8508 cet. DEL | MVD et i | OUT BoH ' Mva 8,8Q car DEL. | | mere x I } |Registers of 808Gitiees ae Trtet R086 comlains -Rhe fotherving wegés ONG fe 2 1h S Plutpese tceq¢sterc « Powter and tnctex vegqister, Seqment registers @®@ Meslbuction poate. & Plag argestes. ' 1S, Ses (o, {| Ascomciator | Ax | AH AL pe Bx GPRS count o~ Dato Px Sack pt |—_~ , A Bose piv Lf eel age 2 Sourwe ere — > st 4 ay ext” tade o Cede Aegnnes ses Ae Seqmernk Ga ea : eq. Stack tS iP a , inset Ser 7 cr Spee GereraX poxpoce xegénlors Sa ee Here VG Bek res ceteme Go. Ax. ax Cx Ono DX ae cras Lalske Uhech Mat) abso Be ued. te belch alc ee, és hivided int OPH) AL eves [5e-f) weYEStETS lhave some 2 And so on ets Alo hese Registens & pece fi fateAx (accumulator) for 16 bth OF 8B bet binary operution -the clefaree boot oo Hore |Opernnd is AM oy AL syes pee as vets : BX (Beye weg.) — BX ts Wed to hold Ae ober adelrers fore memory] chuezing oo Wemory Operation . COX) Count reg) . Tee eg ed eg des oe matt cteretion cstacetion MOV CX , OOGUH REP/apt HOP BX, BX Dx (Dake req) Ca Ths eg. es Uned te holkd -aAhe operand clata Auing Program execution . Perwner 2 PMadex wegesters Tea 8086 (ve have 3 ppcoer wegester And Q inclex Tegisters(s,, 59°? PPP? Sp-is the. stack Pointer which. Molds the offsee foe stack segment (stack top) - ~ Be — Usech ar A Memory PowkeT Sor cata BEAoeok St De — thon Gl ecg 2 Stfsot 6F the asourwe siving ond dertination cere cred fo hold the i) adldivess ve spechvely ._, i This is Pquvalent lo Pa (9 BOBS orl stoway, TP CMastevchon Pocoter) the Sfset HM CO shooclion to be @HCCLebee| MLE. CN cocte segment - Segment wegesters Se 808g deals cred U type of segments. ie. code , lata jexton sgtack segments . Cocle Segment (cs) :— Used -fo holed he preg, ae ee ae 2 ; stipe Tp > Coclen OF Co stouchons - obser C aPL eta seyener| CDS) 1— Hotes theo peer cata. OM cahéch the operation és 4° bee Aone : Caieasy Shack aegment (ss) I Thes segment €e webatec 4e lemporury stoweg® oy 520g de. .Gostwsctioe Push ooch popCie-. LIFOJ. 9 C. FFA: Sxtecr seyret (ES) — ALS colled os ‘Oilerasie Goan sagenecrk Gohech ca Rebated With Slang operation. (Come syeD Ds Du Da D2 Du De Da De De Eckl: Rte rir x |x lor [De elie SF nN PIX Steg vag. of 20a || og — overfiew S1aq CFE - carry flag i pee diweetion Stow PF ~ Parity hag Hote — Taterrupt flag AF ~ Aunillany corny flag | ZF — Zero flog SF Si4ry Pierg i \| tp = Trap flag Tr BORE y The reug sweqister és ct 16 beh from deh bits are ued ay flag bets . frum these 9 ttag bids 5 some flags arte status ing and the wrest cee contro) flags Comlent flag ot gone — (we, 4616) : This icg Wed to comteel the clivechion én case St aiid Operation . Cohen (2 és Zero 4 String bytes arte ecceept sfecen accened from lower ko hegher memo address. OP A es 4 y then String bytes ove aceexedd from higher 0 Loco Memory adelress - To sek the clivection diag » the enstruchen cs — STD for o-— cLDd Colean) ® Totereupt flag (Ba) + The cMkertrtupt flag & set to 4 +o enobke INTR ot 8086. INTR és chiseblect When mating ahis fiag xerxo. STL ~—set ficg Oh tet Chear diceg jer Se : ore CO R WOE wNeag CDs) tee ; or a a the P93 ¢ “hese flag = set fo, J -the ; eo cr sengle step eee ® steetus fag Oe é the ary 6O Lverefios fag OP there & oO « a) tO Bee posch on Duin bet) OF Gyles ee Cane of g moO, bet operation elie oF COMsiclewecl ay an overfloce eae CS Ged =e -ehew “the commys OP abe ‘. 2 ned POStions. and a és cisech an ase RSIS o. PMagnNéetode Mo.s, x eo (Cemaineng flags same ar goss ped Banaja Mohapatra Dept of E #T Engg.Memeny Segrountotan * \ co BOBG Dy $086 5 -Hhe =torat adldsess gpace és IM «Heng, I for any Memory Locobion 4 dhe physical gctclress |e gpectfect by Ao beds. in beaany or 'S bits | wr hexactecemat. [.e. The Memory add ress wat range Pom G@ocoon — ee ere H) +) ‘oO 4g As -the Fe listers * capable of hoteten operand hence driving “Bhes oegéstere COMOX be wed at Memory acl oess -effectemtly @an Sh cs desegned which Coes ne SOpPPost Qobet address operand. Hence yy avedd these Preoblenans she Physzcal memory Cam) és Atveclect évt smath —~ Memory blocks cotted B Memon) go. ments. As , the man. adelress lengths Ahet cam be usec Present Os the instection ct tebet > hence 2cich Menor Segment Capacity y COWL Joe - equead-s to 2" - Cues | I Ma C0000 TN oat > aa — ofrer “| ao r.2ee Gee INIPJaygKe Ae {ERP BOOO = 16 vd sg: \ > oPheas f BREE S ——— 1 bi 7 7 Ye te scgments ko be Corece — prere) oO Freep. 7 OS : Poo j ; }. beePddress require to sedeck the memon oo i bOkerAaby — offset : | Segment wegister vate for Sate Dos Ta 80¢6 rthe ao bet physicol coldress ¢s Represens ny Or 2 6 bee ogecot tore — ® Segment aedarees .Clebel) @® oMect Gebel) Segment address — the 16 Msp of the Shorting Sak ee Gcolress Sf Qa aegmment fs NON an Aho SCGMeNt Qacdeess Lohech ‘és ho be Plated on tne Sevres poncling aegene nk vregesher » For exarnp lo C9 segment Sg, Skarting aidelwem of ceqrnens Is Q0000 H hence. Br the regent the PEGemank wegésgarc witrk hold BROOCH Offser i Pe és the 16 beh togéca) ccblren that és cued enkesncl memory solection sich a Aegmentk and ck oat Var Poes Oo000H— FRR FH £ Th other wores an offset can be clefinecf cx lhe isharier, between any Heory becotion - Osicb. OQ Segmnedt wlth fhot of Harty aoleress ofthe seqcnens. The ser. Onky speceRes the offee of aa TOUMom Location (9 any EnsdruchiwA on Ahe Ib bik) Logécah |‘ adoleess . Reng RXeceetion the. Biv és Bsponstbde ko convert. Khés Logégon. Addren Yo cde comresponding Phystcal Adaren by Combining segment Bele whe aedSree poet | Segment. oday —__» : muds.” Jag.” Physceat actly Liaau. :aseq] = [sr :off]tok (ie) aren N IABHO +2509 —> physécod oddrees, = 13 Ach [28:1 ax) = [1000% 2569] = (0000 +0869 2 125694 ~ Seg veg . ~ Potryber eq. CoPlssa) EES SSR 2B. BOR BS : a Ss R : at E88 86 /oe Addresseng modes’ of Bossa! B Io e086. there ave bertcally 8 dddeesseng Mode OD Register Odd veasing “Mode . TS Anes type of addressing’ tmode , the operand, of an imsteuchor és spaced by an, ge bek or t6bce segistor content + Mov AX, BX ADD AL ,CH:: Banaja Mohapatra Dept of E ¢ T Engg. x8 mode — Po Ahis type of oe oa Bddeesety mace, cosdauc lion operend is Specified “by an a Det / 6 bak tenrnediake dl ata Mov AX >. 1oaktrt APID -AL, SoH t OPP CH. OAH The wemaineng 6 acldwescéng mo-bs specifiy i Rocation sf an operand cohech és ploud ca Menor The memory Address’ GF an: oprcapd conststs Sf 8 pacts QD stathag addorss 6fdhe. PAOMO® @ Afsct The [6 Ms Cf =the starting adcleess of a ee) Segmenk wesedier Segemen& wegester « AO operand is placed at an gfPset cortnen * the Segment gf] Segre ED Bhe Lowres Poodiry Lota, Wespeck fo Ae Starting Cddeess. An offset ds abso. called an an od fective addwen Wlréch cs Atkeremenmed by aALkNG ang moenbinakion 6 9 adden slemerls ® Base (axor Be) @ Pooken ‘Cse or DL) 8) Displacement C 2 bet /le bex- @ : Regester eadirect aeld ress! og Moca | IP the opernd’s -offiser & Specified by OA Neb wegistey her rhe addressicy és b Begister (NAgreck .ener a ae a phe opereuncts stot Generally specited &4 a OKOR Sf bese Ancor wegisker - Move Ax Coe) Movs Aw Tse) Io Mov pr, cae] Rose acldvessing mode _ Moy. ae OVA £3 TP khe Oberandl'e ctfsot és specthed oy She Combination Gh a 2 bese wege and & bed / io bee PASE ERY We Bes Aisplacemeo ther che adclrussing és bose addexsseng Mode . Mov ax, Lax +igual Mov aH , Cee +05] Oarctentd adel ressing mods '— The operand’s sfPaot ts specified by Q Combination CF trden gegister corth of B bet /le bet clisplace— Ment . 8 Mov ax . [jst + (aan) Mov AH > [pr--osH] “Based irctexed addressing Spe nee ole ce of any bare wegtster: cocth Any erdon aogested - then the addcessing. as bareel erdened addeessing mora Mov Ax [Ox+ Or] Mov A#L,CeP+se]fH ~ PO Undesed Coeds clisplacemen| 1 Mov ®©x, [ax+ ops 123sh)} Mev et [ar+s¢ +05] i 4 La dees cing oe Oohy displace rrient és j “EN operancdl’s .offser. : i Mov ax, Causey] 16/2 bet clisplcorrens Nov AL , Tia] ; Bore | loden Dés placement (@x/ Be) Cst/or) |(8/16 bY oo.) |. cease aTi | : Ve , Register ledlivecs a [— y i Rea _ ee Deweck | — = Based : | a ae | _ oe me X e Bare -toclexod ‘ rae | Boze -tedexod eat al a Aisplacemont . Exctuding here a fer sither: adetwoning modes Are rere related to sthe Conieol toancke. «bas Totersegemne ot : [i ana clopear ‘ vs Banaja Mohapatra Dept of E:€ T Engg.TH P O4ersc IMenk addressing abe program rae es ay (2e) ts transfeced 4a Some other Segmeny a totencegmnk He coivat Aeansfered J ak side the same segment | ese aay avi led woe iy OXY seqaenent alaweck 4 a tr\cline ct Sects. reece PeeRD oe reeee Lae a On Ocld back | Aig si2 kis a kK a Ooces ae | cCooo> ooool| Mia) si Dis (Ds nM >. for Slax — 27° _ on , 10 cdcaess Liner are reequtved Card — AnD Po- 1 address toe fer emmory bank setection, eye _ Ao ra aS x a A oc0| [e900 Occ ean | {Dateien ese fe! LimeTs R08G he total avaitiable physteal addres Ima ( COOVDOH-FFEEFE 1) €3 Aivictod } ter Cvery bank 2 adel bon) space «4 R oem » banks . oF alt the ewn Add rey, Tre ovr bank concéols BF ALl the old addy, tohewtas odd hank concests PLEO » ArKg A CENsocudiwe Present i one bank memory th he enem,,, | MEP sho itaoot for selection of there banks Bre And Ae ou Lacd . aie As Selec fon : ° aus tees Aolected ° Vs | Otel eck ' >: Even back U ' No Banke 90 ane elected Pe Es 5 ORES Bie)... St dado gel Sha even bank aneee cloba i are wed Br odd bank Pines i.e. Ds - Dis The address Linen gackucling abe, TSB (Ac Pe. BBs ere. Uusod) te aeened Memory Sdechon fr beth the bank, Tota tranche Operation @\ OSG are — Q) €vee adatwessed’ bok transfer i @ Gad) aadwcsal hagp betas fore, @® Grn . acelweered coord deca @ Se addaemed evord laters >| @D The Asta fines € TG Even Odldse s i Ssed LA ete Sate Mev an, Cog 3d) WWE even back és selected BA CO Whe ememoey by A Aig, dhe cata diner De Even Addressed hoyle Bs=0, Be | AL Fie, tow emhernat Memoey . De -Ds5 fox data set” Even ade wrescec! coord) Pe= 0, BHE =o AI -Aiq int, Memory, De- Dis For data sel” -laoas YJ * | id - oS } | kes} for: type oe | Cie] fer type N ain = ga (esl der toe | Ciel fer tus 1 _tooia | a ay (oJ -for -type 8 Pode 2 . ool f Overct[owo [Ciel fer type 3 le aae : Nuno : Le Ooo yo. : Ene veny) Ge} fer type) Lf scog 5 rey [test torshge oy Devedle \ Ciel fer tye 0 = }ocoe bq 2 Type S-dype BI ace merereved for clher advancted Meemprneersor sto ba designed by “tndet en febrre - Type 3a- Type 855 arte provicedl os rer alef neq interevpts The memory lecation fer any corkeryupe tia Ahe, cobervept table ts colecetated : bq the foe cellar UN eeheire. Corre ponding Enkerseph és type-N. | ) *K Vector location for reret is Foosaeo, ak