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Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
States of America. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the
condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students,
teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe
Algebra 1. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written
permission of the publisher.

Send all inquiries to:

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027

ISBN: 0-07-827752-3 Algebra 1

Solutions Manual
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 009 07 06 05 04 03 02

Contents

Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 2 Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 3 Solving Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 4 Graphing Relations and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chapter 5 Analyzing Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Chapter 6 Solving Linear Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Chapter 7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities . . . . . . 305
Chapter 8 Polynomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Chapter 9 Factoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Chapter 10 Quadratic and Exponential Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Chapter 11 Radical Expressions and Triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Chapter 12 Rational Expressions and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Chapter 13 Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Chapter 14 Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Prerequisite Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Extra Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Mixed Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 66

iii

Chapter 1 The Language of Algebra

Page 5 Getting Started 1-1 Variables and Expressions
1. 8  8  64 2. 4  16  64 3. 18  9  162
57
4. 23  6  138 5. 57  3   19
68 72
3
90
Page 8 Check for Understanding
6. 68  4 
4
 17 7. 3
 24 8. 6
 15 1. Algebraic expressions include variables and
9. P  2(l  w) numbers, while verbal expressions contain words.
 2(5.6  2.7) 2. Sample answer: The perimeter is the sum of the
 2(8.3) four sides of the rectangle. Thus, the perimeter is
 16.6 the sum of two l’s and two w’s, or 2l  2w.
The perimeter is 16.6 meters. 3. Sample answer: Let a be the variable. Then, a to
10. P  2(l  w) the fifth power is a5.
 2(6.5  3.05) 4. The word sum implies add, so the expression can
 2(9.55) be written as j  13.
 19.1
5. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Less than
The perimeter is 19.1 centimeters. implies subtract in reverse order, and times
11. P  4s implies multiply. So the expression can be written
as 3x  24.
 1 2 4 18
3

6. 92  9  9
 41 2
11
8
 81


11 7. 44  4444 4
2
 256
1
 52 8. the product of 4 and m to the fourth power
1
The perimeter is 5 2 feet. 9. one half of n cubed
12. P  2l  2w 10. Lorenzo will receive the difference of $20 and p
the cost of the peanuts. The word difference
 1
2 42 8
5
2  2 125 2 1
4
implies subtract, so the expression can be written
10 2
 84 8
 50 4 as 20  p.
2 2
 85 8  50 4
1 2
 85 4  50 4 Pages 8–9 Practice and Apply
 135 4
3 11. The word sum implies add, so the expression can
be written as 35  z.
3
The perimeter is 135 4 feet. 12. Sample answer: Let x be the number. The word
1 4
sum implies add, so the expression can be written
13. 1.2 14. 3.9 as x  7.
 6  0.5 13. The word product implies multiply, so the
7.2 1.95 expression can be written as 16p.
1.8 7.6 14. Sample answer: Let y be the number. The word
15. 1.83.2 4  
16. 1.4 10.6 4   product implies multiply, so the expression can be
1 8 9 8 written as 5y.
144 84
15. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Increased
1 4 4 8 4
by implies add, and twice implies multiply by 2.
0 0
So the expression can be written as 49  2x.
3 3 12 2 3 5 3
17. 4
 12 
4

1
18. 1 3  4 
3

4 16. And implies add, and times implies multiply. So
3 12
3
5
1
3
the expression can be written as 18  3d.
   
4
1
1 3
1
4 17. Sample answer: Let x be the number. Two-thirds
2
9 5 implies multiply by 3, and square implies raise
 
1 4 to the second power. So the expression can be
2
 9  14
1 written as 3 x 2.
1
5 9 5 12 5 2 5 3
1
18. One-half implies multiply by 2 , and cube implies
19. 16

12

16

9
20. 6

3

6

2 raise to the third power. So the expression can be
1
written as 2 n3.
2

3
5 12 5

16

9

4
19. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of
4
money Kendra will have is represented by the
15 1

36
 14 expression s  12d.
5

12

1 Chapter 1

20. The word square implies raise to the second 47. You can use the expression 4s to find the
power. So the area of the circle is represented by perimeter of a baseball diamond. Answers should
the expression r2.2 include the following.
21. 62  66 2 • four times the length of the sides and the sum
 36 of the four sides
2 • ssss
22. 8  88
 64 48. D; More than implies add, and times implies
4 multiply. So the expression can be written as
23. 3  3333
6  2x or 2x  6.
 81
49. B; 4  4  4  43 and c  c  c  c  c4
24. 63  666
 216
25. 35  33333
 243
Page 9 Maintain Your Skills
3.2
26. 153  15  15  15 1 09 91 11
50. 14.3 51. 10.00 52. 1.04 53. 4.8 15.3 6 
 33753 

 1.8 3.24  4.3 14 4

27. 106  10  10  10  10  10  10 16.1 6.76 312 96
 1,000,000 416 9 6
28. 1003  100  100  100 4.472 0
 1,000,000 1 2 5 6 3 1 9 2
54. 3
 
5 15

15
55. 4
 
6 12

12
29. The word for implies multiply. So the cost of 11 7
buying b dozen bagels for $8.50 a dozen can be  
15 12
represented by the expression 8.5b. Also the cost 1 1
3 4 3 4
of buying d dozen donuts for $3.99 a dozen can be 56. 8
  
9 8 9
2 3
represented by the expression 3.99d. The word
1
and implies add. So the cost of buying b dozen 
6
bagels and d dozen donuts can be represented by 7 3 7 5
the expression 8.5b  3.99d. 57. 10
 
5 10

3
1
30. The word for implies multiply. So the amount of 7 5
 
miles driven for two weeks can be represented by 10
2
3
the expression 14m. The mileage on Sari’s 7 1
odometer after her trip is the sum of 23,500 and 
6
or 16
14m or the expression 23,500  14m.
31. 7 times p
32. 15 times r Page 10 Reading Mathematics
33. three cubed 1. c; 9  2  n 2. b; 4  (n  6) 3. f; n  52

34. five to the fourth power 4. h; 3(8  n) 5. g; 9  (2  n) 6. d; 3(8)  n

35. three times x squared plus four 7. a; (n  5)2 8. e; 4  n  6

36. 2 times n cubed plus 12 9. Sample answer: one more than five times x
37. a to the fourth power times b squared 10. Sample answer: five times the quantity x plus one

38. n cubed times p to the fifth power 11. Sample answer: three plus the product of seven
and x
39. Sample answer: one-fifth 12 times z squared
12. Sample answer: the sum of three and x multiplied
40. Sample answer: one-fourth 8 times g cubed
by seven
41. 3 times x squared minus 2 times x
13. Sample answer: the sum of six and b divided by y
42. 4 times f to the fifth power minus 9 times k cubed
14. Sample answer: six plus the quotient of b and y
43. Sum implies add, and product implies multiply.
1
So the expression can be written as x  11x.
44. Sum implies add, product implies multiply, and
twice implies multiply by 2. So the expression can
1-2 Order of Operations
be written as 2lw  2lh  2wh.
45. The word by implies multiply, so the expression Page 13 Check for Understanding
can be written as 3.5m. 1. Sample answer: First add the numbers in
46. The area of the square can be represented by the parentheses, (2  5). Next square 6. Then
expression a2 or a  a . The perimeter can be multiply 7 by 3. Subtract inside the brackets.
represented as a  a  a  a or 4a. If a  4, Multiply that by 8. Divide, then add 3.
then a  a  4  4  16 and 4  a  4  4  16. 2. Sample answer: (2  4)  3
Thus, the value of a is 4. 3. Chase; Laurie raised the incorrect quantity to the
second power.

Chapter 1 2

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4. (4  6)7  (10)7 5. 50  (15  9)  50  24 17. 15  3  2  15  6 18. 22  37  22  21

 70  26  21  43
6. 29  3(9  4)  29  3(5) 19. 4(11  7)  9  8  4(18)  9  8
 29  15  72  9  8
 14  72  72

7. [7(2)  4]  [9  8(4)]  [14  4]  [9  8(4)]  0

 10  [9  8(4)] 20. 12(9  5)  6  3  12(14)  6  3

 10  [9  32]  168  6  3
 10  41  168  18
 51  150
(4 
3 )2 5 (12) 2 5
 

21. 12  35  42  12  3  5  16
8. 9  3

9 3
144 5 
 4  5  16
  20  16
9 3


720  4
9 3
720 22. 15  35  42  15  3  5  16

12  5  5  16
 60  25  16
3  23 3 8  9
9. 52 (4 )
 2
5 (4 ) 23. 288  [3(9  3)]  288  [3(12)]
11
 2  288  [36]
5 (4 )
 8
11

25 (4 ) 24. 390  [5(7  6)]  390  [5(13)]
11
  390  [65]
100
 6
10. hk  gj  6  12  4  8
2 
82  22 
8 2
64  4  
8
 72  4  8 25. 
2 8 
2 8 

 72  32 128  32

 40 2 8 

96
11. 2k  gh2  j  2  12  4  62  8 
2 8 

 2  12  4  36  8 96

 24  4  36  8 16

 24  144  8  6
 168  8 4 
62  42 
6 4
36  16  
6
26. 4 6 

4 6 

 160
144  96

4 6 

2g (h  g ) 2 4( 6  4 ) 

12. gh  j

4 6 8 


48
4 6 

2 4(2) 

 48
4 6 8 


24
8(2)
  2
4 6 8 

16
 [ (8  5)(6  2 ) 2 ]  ( 4 17 
 2) [(13)(4) 2 ]  ( 4 17 
 2)
4 6 8 
27. [(24  2 )  3 ]

[ ( 2 4  2)  3 ]
16
 [ ( 13 ) ( 1 6) ]  ( 4 17 
 2)
24  8 
[(24  2 )  3 ]
16
 208  ( 68  2)
16 
[ ( 2 4  2)  3]
 1 208  34

[ ( 2 4  2)  3 ]
13. 3 packages 2 additional
174
of software plus packages 
[(24 2)  3]
1442443 123 1442443
174
20.00  2  9.95 
[ 12  3 ]
or 20.00  2  9.95 174

4
14. Evaluate 20.00  2  9.95. 87 1
20.00  2  9.95  20.00  19.90 
2
or 43 2
 39.90
The cost of 5 software packages is $39.90.
28. 6  3 2 

3
7
 (2  3  5) 463 2 

3
7
 (6  5) 4
 6  3 4
2  7
3
 1
 6  3 4
9
3
 1
Pages 14–15 Practice and Apply
 6  [3  1]
15. (12  6)  2  6  2
 6  2
 12
 4
16. (16  3)  4  13  4
 52

3 Chapter 1

29. Evaluate n(2n  3) for n  4. x 2 12 2

12 3y  z 3 8 3
1 2


38. y

(x  y ) 2

8

(12  8) 2
n(2n  3)  4(2  4  3)
3 2
12  3 8 3


 4(8  3) 
2 (12  8 ) 2
 4(11) 9 3 8 3 

 
 44 4 (12  8 ) 2

The area of the rectangle is 44 cm 2.2. 9

 
24  3
4 (12  8 ) 2
30. Samantha Derrick 9 21
sells 60 70 balcony sells 50 90 balcony  
4 (12  8 ) 2
floor seats and seats and floor seats and seats.
1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443
9 21
60(7.5)  70(5)  50(7.5)  90(5)   2
4 4
or 60(7.5)  70(5)  50(7.5)  90(5) 9 21
 
31. Evaluate 60(7.5)  70(5)  50(7.5)  90(5). 4 16
36 21
60(7.5)  70(5)  50(7.5)  90(5)  450  350 
16

16
 375  450 15

 800  375  450 16
 1175  450 x  z2 2y  x 12  3 2 2 8  12 

39.  2  
82  2
 1625 y x y  2 8  12
12  9 16  12
Samantha and Derrick have collected $1625. 
8  12

64  2
32. x  y2  z2  12  82  32 3 4
 
 12  64  32 8  12 64  2
3 4
 12  64  9  2 
32
 76  9 3
3 4
 85  32 
32
3 3 3 3
33. x  y  z  12  8  3 9 4
 
 1728  8  33 2 32
9 16
4
 1728  8  27 
2 16

32
 1736  27 144 4
 
 1763 32 32
148
34. 3xy  z  3  12  8  3 
32
 36  8  3 37 5

8
or 48
 288  3
 285 40. 100 cells after 250 cells after
35. 4x  yz  4  12  8  3 20 minutes plus 20 minutes
144424443 123 144424443

 48  8  3 100.2 250.2

 48  24
or 100  2  250  2
 24
Evaluate 100  2  250  2.
2xy  z3 2  12  8  3 3
36. z

3 100  2  250  2  200  250  2
2  12  8  27  200  500

3
 700
24  8  27

3 The total number in both dishes is 700 bacteria
192  27 cells.

3
165
41. the sum of salary, commission, and 4 bonuses

3 42. salary plus commission plus 4 bonuses
14243 123 1442443 123 1442443

 55
s  c  4b
xy2  3z 12  82  3  3
37. 3

3 or his earnings e is s  c  4b.
12  64  3  3

3 43. Evaluate s  c  4b for s  42,000,
768  3  3 c  12  825 or 9900, and b  750.

3 s  c  4b  42,000  9900  4  750
768  9
  42,000  9900  3000
3
 51,900  3000
759
  54,900
3
 253 Mr. Martinez earns $54,900 in a year.

Chapter 1 4

44. Sample answer: Using 1, 2, 3: 4 9 91 1

64. 0.5000 65. 5.600
1  2  3  6; 1  2  3  7; 1  2  3  5;
0.0075  1.612
3  2  1  1; (2  1)  3  3
0.4925 7.212
45. Use the order of operations to determine how
many extra hours were used and then how much 2.884 1 11
the extra hours cost. Then find the total cost. 66. 5.214.9968  
67. 6.42 5
10 4  2.3
Answers should include the following.
4 59 1 9 27 5
• 6 [4.95  0.99(n)]  25.00
4 16 12 8 50
• You can use an expression to calculate a specific 436 14.7 77 5
value without calculating all possible values. 416
46. A; Evaluate a  b  c for a  10, b  12, and c  17. 208
a  b  c  10  12  17 208
 22  17 0
 39
1 1 33 3 3 5 3 19
68. 4 8  12   69.  27  
47. B; (5  1)3  (11  2)2  (7  4)3  43  92  33 3 8 2 5 5 7
33 3 4 
21 95
 64  81  27    
8 2 4 
35 35
 145  27 33 12 116
  
 172 8 8 35
21 11
( .25   3
48. Enter:  .75 2 )  ( 7  8 35
5
 2
.75 3 ) ENTER 0.0476190476 8
1 2

49. Enter: ( 2  27.89 2 )  ( 27.89 5 4 5 4

70.  
6 5 6

5
2 27.89 ) ENTER 2.074377092
3 1
2

3
50. Enter: ( 12.75 3 12.75 2 ) 
2 8 2
71. 8   
( 12.75 3 12.75 2
) 9 1 9
8 9
 
ENTER 1.170212766 1 2
4
8 9
 
1 2
1
36
Page 15 Maintain Your SkillsMaintain Your Skills 
1
51. Product implies multiply, so the expression can be  36
written as a3  b4.
52. Less than implies subtract in reverse order, and
times implies multiply. So the expression can be Open Sentences
written as 3y2  6.
1-3
53. Sum implies add, increased by implies add, and
quotient implies divide. So the expression can be
b
Page 18 Check for Understanding
written as a  b  a. 1. Sample answer: An open sentence contains an
54. Times implies multiply, sum implies add, equals sign or inequality sign.
increased by implies add, twice implies multiply 2. Sample answer: x  7
by 2, and difference implies subtract. So the
3. Sample answer: An open sentence has at least
expression can be written as 4(r  s)  2(r  s).
one variable because it is neither true nor false
55. Triple implies multiply by 3, and difference until specific values are used for the variable.
implies subtract. So the expression can be written
4. Replace x in 3x  7  29 with each value in the
as 3(55  w3).3).
replacement set.
56. 24  2  2  2  2
 16
x 3x  7  29 True or False?
?
57. 121  121 10 3 1 10 2  7  29 S 23  29 false
58. 82  8  8 59. 44  4  4  4  4 11 3 1 11 2  7  29 S 26
?
 29 false
 64  256 ?

60. Five times n plus n divided by 2 12 3 1 12 2  7  29 S 29  29 true 

?
61. 12 less than q squared 13 3 1 13 2  7  29 S 32  29 false
?
62. the sum of x and three divided by the square of 14 3 1 14 2  7  29 S 35  29 false
the quantity x minus two ?

63. x cubed divided by nine 15 3 1 15 2  7  29 S 38  29 false

The solution of 3x  7  29 is 12.

5 Chapter 1

5. Replace x in 12(x  8)  84 with each value in 11. Replace x in 3(12  x)  2  28 with each value
the replacement set. in the replacement set.
x 12(x  8)  84 True or False? True or
? x 3(12  x)  2  28 False?
10 12 1 10  8 2  84 S 24  84 false
?
? 1.5 3(12  1.5)  2  28 S 29.5  28 false
11 12 1 11  8 2  84 S 36  84 false
?
? 2 3(12  2)  2  28 S 28  28 true 
12 12 1 12  8 2  84 S 48  84 false ?
? 2.5 3(12  2.5)  2  28 S 26.5  28 true 
13 12 1 13  8 2  84 S 60  84 false ?
? 3 3(12  3)  2  28 S 25  28 true 
14 12 1 14  8 2  84 S 72  84 false
?
The solution set for 3(12  x)  2  28 is {2, 2.5, 3}.
15 12 1 15  8 2  84 S 84  84 true 
12. the number
The solution of 12(x  8)  84 is 15. The number of Calories the number divided the number
of Calories is perpound times of pounds by of days.
2 3
6. Replace x in x  
5
1 20 with each value in the 1442443

C
123


1442443

3500
123

.
1442443

4
14243


1442443

14
replacement set. 3500  4
or C 
14
2 3
x x  1 20 True or False? 3500  4
5
13. Solve C 
14
.
1 1 2 ? 3 13 3
4 4
 
5
1 20 S 20  1 20 false C 
3500  4
14
1 1 2 ? 3 9 3 14,000
  1 20 S 10  1 20 false C 
14
2 2 5

3 3 2 ? 3 3 3 C  1000
4 4
 
5
1 20 S 1 20  1 20 true 
The number of Calories a person would have to
2 ? 3 2 3 burn each day is 1000 Calories.
1 1  
5
1 20 S 1 5  1 20 false
1 1 2 ? 3 13 3
14 14  5  1 20 S 1 20  1 20 false
2 3 3
Pages 19–20 Practice and Apply
The solution of x 
5
 1 20 is 4 . 14. Replace b in b  12  9 with each value in the
7. Replace x in 7.2(x  2)  25.92 with each value in replacement set.
the replacement set. b b  12  9 True or False?
?
True or 12 12  12  9S0  9 false
x 7.2(x  2)  25.92 False? ?
? 17 17  12  9S5  9 false
1.2 7.21 1.2  2 2  25.92 S 23.04  25.92 false ?
? 18 18  12  9S6  9 false
1.4 7.21 1.4  2 2  25.92 S 24.48  25.92 false ?
?
21 21  12  9 S 9  9 true 
1.6 7.21 1.6  2 2  25.92 S 25.92  25.92 true  ?
25 25  12  9 S 13  9 false
?
1.8 7.21 1.8  2 2  25.92 S 27.36  25.92 false
The solution of b  12  9 is 21.
The solution of 7.2(x  2)  25.92 is 1.6. 15. Replace b in 34  b  22 with each value in the
14  8
8. 4(6)  3  x 9. w  2 replacement set.
6
24  3  x w 2
b 34  b 22 True or False?
?
27  x w3 12 34  12  22 S 22  22 true 
The solution is 27. The solution is 3. ?
17 34  17  22 S 17  22 false
10. Replace x in 24  2x  13 with each value in the ?
replacement set. 18 34  18  22 S 16  22 false
?
x 24  2x  13 True or False? 21 34  21  22 S 13  22 false
? ?
0 24  2102  13 S 24  13 true  25 34  25  22 S 9  22 false
?
1 24  2112  13 S 22  13 true  The solution of 34  b  22 is 12.
?
2 24  2122  13 S 20  13 true 
?
3 24  2132  13 S 18  13 true 
?
4 24  2142  13 S 16  13 true 
?
5 24  2152  13 S 14  13 true 
?
6 24  2162  13 S 12  13 false
The solution set for 24  2x  13 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

Chapter 1 6

16. Replace a in 3a  7  31 with each value in the 7 17

20. Replace x in x  4 
8
with each value in the
replacement set. replacement set.
a 3a  7  31 True or False? 7 17
x x  True or False?
4 8
?
0 3(0)  7  31 S 7  31 false 1 1 7 ? 17 15 17
? 8 8
 
4 8
S
8

8
false
3 3(3)  7  31 S 16  31 false
3 3 7 ? 17 17 17
?   S  true 
5 3(5)  7  31 S 22  31 false 8 8 4 8 8 8
? 5 5 7 ? 17 19 17
8 3(8)  7  31 S 31  31 true  8 8
 
4 8
S
8

8
false
?
10 3(10)  7  31 S 37  31 false 7 7 7 ? 17 21 17
8 8
 
4 8
S
8

8
false
The solution of 3a  7  31 is 8.
7 17 3
17. Replace a in 4a  5  17 with each value in the The solution of x  
4 8
is 8
.
replacement set. 7 25
21. Replace x in x  12 
12
with each value in the
a 4a  5  17 True or False? replacement set.
?
7 25
0 4(0)  5  17 S 5  17 false x x  True or false?
12 12
?
3 4(3)  5  17 S 17  17 true  1 1 7 25 13 25 ?

2 2

12

12
S
12

12
false
?
5 4(5)  5  17 S 25  17 false
7 ? 25 19 25
? 1 1   S  false
8 4(8)  5  17 S 37  17 false 12 12 12 12

?
1 1 7 ? 25 25 25
10 4(10)  5  17 S 45  17 false 12 1 2  12  12 S 12  12 true 
The solution of 4a  5  17 is 3. 7 ? 25 31 25
2 2 
12

12
S
12

12
false
40
18. Replace a in a
 4  0 with each value in the
7 25 1
replacement set. The solution of x 
12

12
is 1 2.
40 2 8
a a  4  0 True or False? 22. Replace x in 5
(x  1) 
15
with each value in the
40 ?
replacement set.
0 0
 4  0 S undefined  0 false
2 8
?
x 5
1 x  12 
15
True or False?
40 1
3 3
 4  0 S 93  0 false ?

40 ?
1
6
2 1
5 6 1
 2 1 
8
15
S
7
15

8
15
false
5 5
 4  0S4  0 false
?

40 ?
1
3
2 1
5 3 1
 12 
8
15
S
8
15

8
15
true 
8 8
 4  0S1  0 false
?

40 ?
1
2
2 1
5 2 1  12 
8
15
3
S 
5
8
15
false
10 10
 4  0 S0  0 true 
?

40
2
3
2 2
5 3 1  12 
8
15
2
S 
3
8
15
false
The solution of a
 4  0 is 10.
2 8 1
19. Replace b in 2
b
  4 with each value in the The solution of 5
(x  1) 
15
is 3
.
3
replacement set. 23. Replace x in 2.7(x  5)  17.28 with each value in
b the replacement set.
b
3
 2  4 True or False?
True or
12 ?
12 3
 2  4 S2  4 false x 2.7( x  5)  17.28 False?
?
17 ? 2 1.2 2.7(1.2  5)  17.28 S 16.74  17.28 false
17 3
 2  4 S 33  4 false
?

18 ? 1.3 2.7(1.3  5)  17.28 S 17.01  17.28 false

18 3
 2  4S4  4 true  ?
1.4 2.7(1.4  5)  17.28 S 17.28  17.28 true 
21 ?
21 3
 2  4S5  4 false ?
1.5 2.7(1.5  5)  17.28 S 17.55  17.28 false
25 ? 1
25 3
 2  4 S6 
3
4 false The solution of 2.7(x  5)  17.28 is 1.4.
b
The solution of 3
 2  4 is 18.

7 Chapter 1

REDEFINING PICKUP
PERFORMANCE. Learn more
*Based on IEC 62285-7 with dust. In multiple iRobot products.

1
24. Replace x in 16(x  2)  70.4 with each value in 35. p 
4
[7(23 )  4( 52 )  6(2)]
the replacement set. 1
p 
4
[7(8)  4(25)  12]
True or
1
x 16(x  2)  70.4 False? p 
4
[56  100  12]
? 1
2.2 16 (2.2  2)  70.4 S 67.2  70.4 false p 
4
[156  12]
? 1
2.4 16 (2.4  2)  70.4 S 70.4  70.4 true  p 
4
[144]
? p  36
2.6 16 (2.6  2)  70.4 S 73.6  70.4 false
?
The solution is 36.
2.8 16 (2.8  2)  70.4 S 76.8  70.4 false 1
36. n 
8
[6(32 )  2( 43 )  2(7)]
The solution of 16(x  2)  70.4 is 2.4. 1
n 
8
[6(9)  2(64)  14]
25. Replace x in 21(x  5)  216.3 with each value in
1
the replacement set. n 
8
[ 54  128  14]
1
True or n 
8
[182  14 ]
1
x 21(x  5)  216.3 False? n  [164]
8
?
3.1 21 (3.1  5)  216.3 S 170.1  216.3 false n  21
? The solution is 21.
4.2 21 (4.2  5)  216.3 S 193.2  216.3 false
?
37. Replace a in a  2  6 with each value in the
5.3 21 (5.3  5)  216.3 S 216.3  216.3 true  replacement set.
?
6.4 21 (6.4  5)  216.3 S 239.4  216.3 false a a  2  6 True or False?
?
The solution of 21(x  5)  216.3 is 5.3. 6 6  2 6 6 S4 6 6 true 
26. ?
The adult the student is no
7 7  2 6 6 S5 6 6 true 
number price number price more ?
of adults
1442443
times per ticket
123 1442443 123 1442443
plus of students times per ticket
123 1442443 123 123
than $30. 8 8  2 6 6S6  6 false
?
2  a  3  s  $30
9 9  2 6 6S7  6 false
or 2a  3s  30 ?
10 10  2 6 6S8  6 false
27. Evaluate 2a  3s for a  4.50 and s  4.50.
?
2a  3s  2(4.50)  3(4.50) 11 11  2 6 6S9  6 false
 9  13.50
The solution set for a  2  6 is {6, 7}.
 22.50
The cost for the family to see a matinee is $22.50. 38. Replace a in a  7  22 with each value in the
replacement set.
28. Evaluate 2a  3s for a  7.50 and s  4.50.
2a  3s  2(7.50)  3(4.50) a a  7  22 True or False?
 15  13.50 ?
13 13  7 6 22 S 20 6 22 true 
 28.50
?
The cost for the family to see an evening show is 14 14  7 6 22 S 21 6 22 true 
$28.50. ?
15 15  7 6 22 S 22  22 false
29. 14.8  3.75  t 30. a  32.4  18.95
?
11.05  t a  13.45 16 16  7 6 22 S 23  22 false
The solution is 11.05. The solution is 13.45. ?

12  5 15  6
17 17  7 6 22 S 24  22 false
31. y 
15  3
32. g 
16  7
60 90
The solution set for a  7  22 is {13, 14}.
y 
12
g 
9 a
39. Replace a in 5  2 with each value in the
y5 g  10
replacement set.
The solution is 5. The solution is 10.
a
33. d 
7(3)  3
 6 34. a 
4(14  1 )
 7 a 5
 2 True or False?
4( 3  1 ) 3(6)  5
21  3 4(13) 5 ?
d   6 a   7 5  2 S1  2 false
4(2) 18  5 5
24 52
d   6 a   7 10 ?
8 13 10 5
 2S2  2 true 
d36 a47
15 ?
d9 a  11 15 5
 2S3  2 true 
The solution is 9. The solution is 11.
20 ?
20 5
 2S4  2 true 

25 ?
25 5
 2 S5  2 true 

a
The solution set for 5
 2 is {10, 15, 20, 25}.

Chapter 1 8

2a 44. Replace b in 2b  5 with each value in the

40. Replace a in 4  8 with each value in the
replacement set. replacement set.
2a b 2b  5 True or False?
a
4
 8 True or False?
?
2 1 12 2 ? 1 2112 6 5S2 6 5 true 
12 4
 8 S6  8 true  ?

2 1 14 2 ?
1 12 2 12 1 2 1
6 5S3 6 5 true 
14 4
 8 S7  8 true  ?
2 2122 6 5S4 6 5 true 
2 1 16 2 ?
16  8 S8  8 true  ?
4
2 1 18 2 ?
21
2
2 22 1 2 1
6 5 S5  5 false
18 4
 8 S9  8 false ?
3 21 32 6 5 S6  5 false
2 1 20 2 ?
20  8 S 10  8 false
4
2 1 22 2 ?
The solution set for 2b  5 is 1, 12 , 2 . 5 1
6
22 4
 8 S 11  8 false 45. Total number glasses glasses glasses
of glasses is of milk plus of juice plus of soda.
2a 1442443 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243

The solution set for 4

 8 is {12, 14, 16}. g  15,579  6220  18,995
41. Replace a in 4a  3  10.6 with each value in the or g  15,579  6220  18,995
replacement set.
46. Evaluate 15,579  6220  18,995.
True or 15,579  6220  18,995  21,799  18,995
a 4a  3  10.6 False?  40,794
The average American drinks 40,794 glasses.
?
3.2 4(3.2)  3  10.6 S 9.8  10.6 false 47. The cost of the number the charge is not
each sweater times of sweaters plus for shipping more than $102.50.
? 1442443 123 1442443 123 1442443 14243 14243

3.4 4(3.4)  3  10.6 S 10.6  10.6 true  $39  n  $10.95  $102.50

? or 39n  10.95  102.50

3.6 4 1 3.62  3  10.6 S 11.4  10.6 true 
48. Explore You can spend no more than $102.50.
?
3.8 4 1 3.82  3  10.6 S 12.2  10.6 true  So the situation can be represented by
the inequality 39n  10.95  102.50.
?
4 4(4)  3  10.6 S 13  10.6 true  Plan Since no replacement set is given,
estimate to find reasonable values for
The solution set for 4a  3  10.6 is the replacement set.
{3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4}.
Solve Start by letting n  1 and then adjust
42. Replace a in 6a  5  23.8 with each value in the
values up or down as needed.
replacement set.
39n  10.95  102.50
True or ?
a 6a  5  23.8 False? 39(1)  10.95  102.50
?
? 39  10.95  102.50
4.2 6 1 4.22  5  23.8 S 20.2  23.8 false 49.95  102.50
? The estimate is too low. Increase the value of n.
4.5 6 1 4.52  5  23.8 S 22  23.8 false
? Reason-
4.8 6 1 4.82  5  23.8 S 23.8  23.8 true 
n 39n  10.95  102.50 able?
? ?
5.1 6 1 5.12  5  23.8 S 25.6  23.8 true  2 39 1 2 2  10.95  102.50 S 88.95  102.50 too low
? ?
5.4 6 1 5.42  5  23.8 S 27.4  23.8 true  3 39 1 3 2  10.95  102.50 S 127.95  102.50 too high

The solution set for 6a  5  23.8 is {4.8, 5.1, 5.4}. Examine The solution set is {0, 1, 2}. You can buy
43. Replace a in 3a  4 with each value in the 2 sweaters and stay within your budget.
replacement set. 49. The solution set includes all numbers less than or
1
equal to 3 .
a 3a  4 True or False?
? 50. You can use equations to determine how much
0 31 02  4S0  4 true  money you have to spend and how you can spend
1 ? your money. Answers should include the following.
1
3
3 12 4
3
 S1  4 true 
• Sample answers: calculating gasoline required
? for a trip: cooking time
2
3
3 1 24
2
3
S2  4 true 
?
1 31 12  4S3  4 true 
?
1 13 3 13 1 2 1
 4S4  4 true 

The solution set for 3a  5

4 is 0, 3 , 3 , 1, 1 3 .
1 2 1
6
9 Chapter 1

15  n 22  5 57. 53  3(42)  53  3(16)

51. B; Replace n in 6 28 with each value in
19  32 2  n  125  3(16)
the replacement set.  125  48
15  n 22  5
 173
n 2
 28 True or False? 38  12 26
19  3 2  n 58. 2  13

2  13
15  5 22  5 ?
26
11 
5 6 28 S 8 38 6 28 true ✓ 26
19  32 2  5
 1
2
15 72 5 ?
59. [5(2  1)]4 [5(3)]4  3
  23
7 6 28 S 16 6 28 true ✓  3 
19 332 7 37
 
 [15]4  3
2
15  92  5 ? 7  50,625  3
9 6 28 S 28 37  28 false
19  32 2  9  50,628
2 1 1
15  11 2  5 ? 2 1 2 1 2 4 3 4 3
11 2
6 28 S 43 7  28 false 60.    61.   
19  3 2  11 6 5 6 5 9 7 9 7
3 3
1 4
15  13 2 2  5 ? 7  
13 6 28 S 62 34  28 false 15 21
19  32 2  13
5 1 6
15 n2
2
5 5 15 5 15 6 12 6 12
The solution set for
 
6 28 is {5, 7}. 62. 6

16

6

16
63. 14

18

14

18
2 2 7 3
19  32  n
2
25 6
52. C; 27  3  (12  4)  27  3  8  
32 21
 9  8 7
2
 17 
7
8 2 8  2 4 4 4  4
64. 13

11

13  11
65. 7

9

7  9
16 16
Page 20 Maintain Your Skills 
143

63
53. Increased by implies add, and times implies 8
3 7 3  7 2 24 2 24
multiply. So the expression can be written as 66. 11

16

11  16
67. 9

25

9

25
r 2  3s. 3
21 16
Evaluate r2  3s for r  2 and s  5. 
176

75
r2  3s  22  3  5
 4  3  5
 4  15 Page 20 Practice Quiz 1
 19
1. twenty less than x
54. Times implies multiply, and sum implies add. So 2. five times n plus two
the expression can be written as t(4s  r).
3. a cubed
1
Evaluate t(4s  r) for r  2, s  5, and t  .
2 4. n to the fourth power minus one
1
t 1 4s  r2 
2
1 4  5  22 5. 6(9)  2(8  5)  6(9)  2(13)
1  54  2(13)
 1 20  2 2
2  54  26
1
 1 22 2  28
2
3
6. 4[2  (18  9) ]  4[2  (2)3]
11
 4[2  8]
55. Sum implies add, and times implies multiply. So  4[10]
the expression can be written as (r  s)t2.  40
2 1 2 2
Evaluate (r  s)t for r  2, s  5, and t  .
2 7. 9(3)  4  6  2  9(3)  16  62  2
 9(3)  16  36  2
1r  s2t 2
 1 2  52 12 1 2
2  27  16  36  2
27  16  18
 1 22 172
1
2

 11  18
 172 1 2
1
4  29
7 15  22 2
132 2
 8. 
4
314  2  72 314  2  72
56. Decreased by implies subtract, so the expression 9

314 72
can be written as r5  t. 9
 2 

1 
Evaluate r5  t for r  2 and t  2. 318  7 2
9
5 5 1 
r  t  2 
2
3 1 12
9
1 
 32 
2
3

1
 3
 31
2

Chapter 1 10

5  4 2  10  2 5
16  10  2  11. From Exercises 9 and 10 we determine that four
9. 6 5

6 5 score and seven years is 87 years.
80
10  2 

6 5
90  2

6 5
88
Pages 23–25 Practice and Apply

11 12. Multiplicative Identity Property;
 8 n  1, since 12  1  12.
10. Replace n in 2n2  3  75 with each value in the 13. Multiplicative Identity Property;
replacement set. n  5, since 5  1  5.
14. Reflexive Property;
n 2n2  3  75 True or False?
n  5, since 8  5  8  5.
?
2
4 2  4  3  75 S 35  75 true ✓ 15. Reflexive Property;
? n  0.25, since 0.25  1.5  0.25  1.5
5 2  52  3  75 S 53  75 true ✓
?
16. Additive Identity Property;
2
6 2  6  3  75 S 75  75 true ✓ n  0, since 8  0  8.
?
7 2  72  3  75 S 101  75 false 17. Additive Identity Property;
1 1 1
? n  3, since 3  0  3.
8 2  82  3  75 S 131  75 false
? 18. Multiplicative Inverse Property;
9 2  92  3  75 S 165  75 false 1 1
n  2, since 1  2  2 .
2
The solution set for 2n  3  75 is {4, 5, 6}. 19. Multiplicative Inverse Property;
1
n  1, since 4  4  1.
20. Substitution Property;
1-4 Identity and Equality Properties n  5, since (9  7)(5)  2(n).
21. Substitution Property;
n  3, since 3  (2  8)  n  10.
Page 23 Check for Understanding 22. Multiplicative Identity Property;
1. No; for 1 to be an additive identity, the sum of
any number a and 1 must be a. However,
n  3, since 3 52 1 
1
25
 2 3 251 
1
25 2
3  1  4  3. 3 1 

2. Sample answer: 5  3  2, and 3  2  4  1, so  3.

5  4  1; 5  7  8  4, and 8  4  12, so 23. Multiplicative Identity Property;

5  7  12. n  2, since 6 1 1
2
 2 2  6  1  6.
3. Sample answer: You cannot divide by zero. 3
24. 4
[ 4  (7  4) ]
4. Multiplicative Property of Zero;
3
n  0, since 13  0  0. 
4
[4  3 ] Substitution; 7  4  3
5. Additive Identity Property;
n  17, since 17  0  17.

3 4
4 3 34 Substitution; 4  3 
4
3
3 4
 1 Multiplicative Inverse;   1
6. Multiplicative Inverse Property; 4 3
1 2
n  6, since 6  6  1. 25. [ 3  (2  1) ]
3
7. 6(12  48  4)  6(12  12) Substitution; 48  4  12 
2
[3  2 ] Multiplicative Identity; 2  1  2
3
 6(0) Substitution; 12  12  0
 0 Multiplicative Property 
2 3
3 2 34 Substitution; 3  2
3
2
of Zero; 6  0  0 2 3
 1 Multiplicative Inverse; 3

2
 1
1
8. 15  15
1
 80 2  12 26. 2 (3  2  5)  3
1
3
 (1 + 8  0)  12 Multiplicative Inverse; 1
1  2(6  5)  3  3 Substitution; 3  2  6
15  15  1 1
 2 1 12  3  Substitution; 6  5  1
 (1  0)  12 Multiplicative Property of Zero; 3
1
8 00  2  33 Multiplicative Identity;
 1  12 Additive Identity; 1  0  1 2  1  2
 12 Multiplicative Identity;
1  12  12  21 Multiplicative Inverse;
1
3   1
9. four score and seven 3
1
442443 123 1424
3
 3 Substitution; 2  1  3
4(20)  7
or 4(20)  7
10. 4(20)  7  80  7 Substitution; 4  20  80
 87 Substitution; 80  7  87

11 Chapter 1

1 35. 35% of
27. 6  6  5 (12  4  3) offensive
Eight base weight
1 players times salary plus below 240 lb plus plays
 66  5(3  3) Substitution; 12  4  3 14243 123 14243 123 1442443 123 14243

8 
($400,000  $100,000  $50,000)
1
 6 
6
 5102 Substitution; 3  3  0
or 8(400,000  100,000  50,000)
 1  5(0) Multiplicative Inverse;
1 Three base 12 76 points
6 
6
 1 players times
14243 123
salary
14243 123
plus touchdowns plus scored
1442443 123 14243

 1  0 Multiplicative Property of 3  ($400,000  $50,000  $50,000)

Zero; 5  0  0 or 3(400,000  50,000  50,000)

 1 Additive Identity; 1  0  1 Four base 1601 4.5 yards
players times salary plus yards plus per carry
28. 3  5(4  22)  1 14243 123 14243 123 14243 123 14243

2 4  ($400,000  $1,000,000  $50,000)

 3  5(4  4)  1 Substitution; 2  4
 3  5(0)  1 Substitution; 4  4  0 or 4(400,000  1,000,000  50,000)
 3  0  1 Multiplicative Property of So the expression can be written as 8(400,000
Zero; 5  0  0  100,000  50,000)  3(400,000  50,000
 3  1 Additive Identity; 3  0  3  50,000)  4(400,000  1,000,000  50,000).
 2 Substitution; 3  1  2 36. 8(400,000  100,000  50,000)  3(400,000 
29. 7  8(9  32) 50,000  50,000)  4(400,000  50,000  50,000)
 7  8(9  9) Substitution; 32  9  8(550,000)  3(400,000  50,000  50,000) 
 7  8(0) Substitution; 9  9  0 4(400,000  50,000  50,000) Substitution;
 7  0 Multiplicative Property of Zero; 400,000  100,000  50,000  550,000
8 00  8(550,000)  3(500,000)  4(500,000)
 7 Additive Identity; 7  0  7 Substitution; 400,000  1,000,000  50,000
30. Profit for profit for profit for  1,450,000

25 peanuts and 80 buttons and 40 caps  4,400,000  1,500,000  2,000,000

1442443 123 1442443 123 14243
Substitution; 4  1,450,000  5,800,000
25(5  3)  80(2.5  1)  40(10  6)  7,900,000 Substitution; 4,400,000  1,500,000
or 25(5  3) + 80(2.5 1) + 40(10  6)  5,800,000  11,700,000
31. 25(5  3)  80(2.5  1)  40(10  6)
37. Sometimes; Sample answer: true: x  2, y  1,
 25(2)  80(2.5  1)  40(10  6) Substitution;
z  4, w  3, 2  1 and 4  3 and 2  4  8  3
532
 1  3; false: x  1, y  1, z  2, w  3,
 25(2)  80(1.5)  40(10  6) Substitution; 1  1 and 2  3 however, 1(2)  2  3 