SUN-6000

Auto Hematology Analyzer

Service Manual

Notes

（1）Please read this instructions manual carefully and keep it well;

（2）Please place this instructions manual in accessible place for availability;
（ 3 ） Please operate the analyzer strictly in compliance with the requirements herein,
otherwise serious consequence would be caused.
V2.10

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 Notes & Statement

This manual is according to laws, regulations of the PRC, and on specific condition of
products by SunBright. The manual applies only to use in PRC (Hong Kong, Macao
and Taiwan excluded). This manual is the latest by the date of printing. SunBright is
solely responsible for the revision and description, please noticed that we reserve right
to change content without notification. The picture contains in the manual as reference
use only, if there is any difference from the physical object, please prevail in kind.

The content in the manual is protected by copyright laws. Without permission by

SunBright, any commercial use is illegal, including copy, reprint and translation.

Please read the manual carefully and operate the machine strictly according to the
instruction. Otherwise, SunBright is not responsible for any error or damage that
caused by incorrect or illegal operation.

Limited quality liability

The manual declares the warranty of products between SunBright and the users,
including after-sale service and obligations.

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 Warranty Policy

We warrant to distributors that all products (excluding accessories and consumable

items) have a warranty of 12 months, calculated from factory shipment date. Under
the warranty, our obligation is and only limited to repairing products that, at our
company's option, any part proves defective by our company's examination. The
warranty is not including goods replacement or returning.
Our appointed distributors should be responsible for whole process of installation and
after-sales service in local market, we DONOT send engineers abroad for above
service.
Cases excluded in Warranty:
-Any damage results from improper storage, transport, misused or by accident.
-Any problems caused during repairing or maintenance by anyone else not from
SunBright or SunBright’s authorized organization.
-Any situation where the original serial number label or product identification marks
have been changed or removed.
-Consumable materials, including but not limited to sample cup, printing paper and
other disposable or one-off materials.

Technical Training

SunBright provides free training service for technical personnel sent by distributors,
with respect to the products, and we will further provide technical assistance via
E-mail, Telephone, Fax, Skype, Wechat or WhatsApp. The training should be
performed at our factory/office in Shanghai, China.

Technical Support

If any of products fails to work or any assistance service you think necessary, please
contact our engineer. Meanwhile, please also keep in touch with our sales
representative, who will help to solve the problems. For after-sale service, we provide
technical supports via E-mail, Telephone, Fax, Skype, Wechat or WhatsApp.

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Technical Feedback

While reporting the issue, please specify following information:

1. Product name, model and properly describe of the troubles, and related photos
2. The Serial Number (S/N) on product/instrument
3. The complete name, address and phone number of your company
4. For parts order, the required spare or replacement part number(s)

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Safety Symbols
Symbols for dangerous or attention:

Attention! Sign to avoid the mis-operation in order to protect the

user being hurt, results being affected or damage to the machine

Notice User should know it to assure the instrument performs normally and
avoid damaging

Reference User should know it to make the operation and maintenance

convenient

Protective conductor terminal

Caution! Biological hazard

in Vitro Diagnostic

Caution! High-Voltage

Caution! Do Not touch.

Read the instructions before operation, and make sure you understand the
right procedures to operation.

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Copyright Statement
SunBright owns copyright of the manual, and rights to treat it as confidential. This
manual for reference only to operate, maintenance, and repair our products. Other
people have no right to disclose the content of the manual to others or public. The
manual contains proprietary information protected by copyright law. Without
permission by SunBright, no part should be used for photographic reproduction,
copying, or translation. All right reserved. SunBright does not promise any assurance
to the manual, including (but not limited to) for a particular purpose of its
responsibility to ensure that the proposed implied warranties of merchantability and
suitability. SunBright is not responsible for mistake information contained in this
incidental or consequential damages by providing this manual, and the actual
performance and caused by the use or not liable. Content contained in the manual can
be revised without advance notice.

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 Content

Chapter Ⅰ Structure & Composition............................................................................................... 8

Chapter Ⅱ Principles........................................................................................................................ 9
Chapter Ⅲ Hardware...................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 WBC, RBC / PLT front board.............................................................................................11
3.2 SRU..................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Computer MB..................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter Ⅳ Mechanical Section...................................................................................................... 13
4.1..............................................................................................................................................13
4.2 Proportion Part.................................................................................................................... 14
4.3 Vacuum Motor.....................................................................................................................15
Chapter Ⅴ Liquid tubing system....................................................................................................16
5.1 Fluid path system of SUN-6000......................................................................................... 16
5.2 Structure of Fluid Systems..................................................................................................17
5.3 count of whole blood circulation patterns.......................................................................... 18
5.4 Cleaning Counting Channels.............................................................................................. 20
5.5 Channel solenoid Valves.....................................................................................................20
Chapter Ⅵ Histograms & Pulse Graphics.................................................................................... 21
6.1 Cell histogram..................................................................................................................... 21
6.2 dilution and hemolysis........................................................................................................ 25
6.3 Significance of the parameters............................................................................................26
Chapter VII: Maintenance & Trouble Shooting............................................................................... 33
7.1 SUN-6000 Maintenance......................................................................................................33
7.2 SUN-6000 troubleshooting................................................................................................. 34
Chapter VIII Notice......................................................................................................................36

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Chapter Ⅰ Structure & Composition

SUN-6000 is an equipment to count & classify the blood cell while the blood sample
passing through the micro-porous, by which both sides’ electric resistance value will
change, and also measure the hemoglobin concentration by the specific wavelength
light absorption of the sample.
The overall structure can be divided into five parts, including Hardware, Software
(included algorithm), Optical system, Mechanical structure and Liquid tubing system,
as shown in below chart.
After the probe signal is performed by software through processing hardware
collection, and the processed result is given by the display and printing. Software and
hardware will cooperate during operation to control the mechanical and liquid tubing
system, to ensure coordinated operation of the machine. The results are processed by
software counting and software classification, as shown in below chart.

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Chapter Ⅱ Principles

Coulter Principle:
Due to various size of different blood cells and granules, the resistance values of
electric pressure are different, and transferred into a pulse signal output, by which are
calculated each blood cell’s quantity and other related values.
Application: WBC, RBC and PLT quantity, morphology and classification.
Hemoglobin concentration (HGB): measured by cyanide methemoglobin method
(HiCN).
Diluent is the conductive liquid, composed by NaCl and other distilled water. When
constant-current power supply starts working, the diluent and power lines become a
loop. Due to the negative pressure action, blood cells passing through the counter
holes (the counter is made by ruby material with standard size holes) will result in
changes of electric impedance, finally lead to pulses signals, and these signal quantity
and values will be recorded together, and be analyzed and calculated by the software.
Hemoglobin (in WBC/HGB dilution) and Lyse occur color reaction, and HGB is
separated from red blood cells after the Lyse destroying the blood cell membrane,
then converted into a proportion of high iron cyanide compounds, that will be
measured its absorbance (Abs) in the flow cell with a monochromatic light of 546nm
wavelength.

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The HGB value can be calculated by the comparison proportion, between above
measured out Abs value and the blank Abs value (this blank Abs value is measured
out by flow cell with diluent reagents inside only). Finally, the instrument will
automatically complete these two measurement processes, and then calculate, display
or print the results (unit: Gram or Liter).

Chapter Ⅲ Hardware

About the hardware principle. The input signals from censor are amplified and
processed into the interface board for A/D conversion, the signal data is processed
into industrial control board, then processed by motherboard to the display screen,
output by the printer or RS-232 serial transmission. Besides, industrial control board
through the interface board I/O section reads button input and switch operation, and
control the pumps, valves, motors and other execution controls. As the following
introduced.

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3.1 WBC, RBC / PLT front board

Front board’s position at the side of the front end part of the host shielding box.

Front board

This board is divided into two signal channels, a voltage sensor channel, and a
high-voltage transmission channel.
The power supply provide 5V electricity to the front board, on which the chip and the
surrounding components provide constant current, providing current for counter holes,
and base potential ensures the stability of constant current.
The electric signals detected by counter holes reach the front board P1 & P2 through
signal lines, after amplification and voltage feedback, and filter out the blood cell
signal and other clutter, then transmit the needed signals to counter board. Meanwhile,
the front board’s voltage feedback device also transmit the signals to the motherboard,
through the LCD line to display screen, for convenience of machine failure
troubleshooting. The high-voltage transmission system transfers 220v into 110v, then
transmits to the front board AC110. The front board of high-voltage transmission via
5V relay’s on or off, will spread 110v to cell counter and control the high-voltage
burning the counter holes.

3.2 SRU

SRU locates on the machine side, it contains HGB amplifier, linear power supplies,
power drivers, etc., introduction as below.
3.2.1 HGB Signals Amplifier
HGB signals pass the LED lamp, received by photoelectric cell, and be transmitted to
SRU (CON22). And W8 adjusts zero voltage 4.6V, after that U38, 39 will process the
signals, and transmit results to U7, then U7 transmit all signals to U1, finally U1
CON4 will transmit the results to computer by CON4, and display them on screen.

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3.2.2 WBC / RBC / PLT Counter
WBC / RBC / PLT signals are transmitted to front board by signal transmitting lines,
and transmitted via cable to CON1 after being amplified, shunt respectively U4 / U5 /
U6, U4 / U5 / U6, the WBC / RBC / PLT signals are counted respectively, classified
and sum up, and then the results are transmitted to U7, U7 passes them on WBC /
RBC / PLT, calculates them again, and then calculate the rest items, U7 return the
results to U1, U1 calculates the statistics again, and transmits result to the computer
via CON4 board, and display on the screen.
Wherein, W1 is a potentiometer to adjust the WBC value and graphics, as W2 adjusts
the zero voltage TP01 to 350Mv; W3 is a potentiometer to adjust RBC value and
graphics, as W4 adjusts the zero voltage TP05 to 400Mv; W5 is a potentiometer for
PLT value and graphics adjustment, as W6/W7 adjusts the zero voltage, W7 zero
voltage TP11 is limited on 180Mv and above, W6 zero voltage TP10 is limited to 3v
and below.
3.2.3 Motor and Electromagnetism Coil Controlling
SCM U7 transmits the signals U20/U21 by computer programs, after receiving the
signals, U20/U21 sends the results to electromagnetism coil via CON11 and CON12,
electromagnetism coil then cooperates with liquid flow controlling to complete the
test. Meanwhile, U7 will transmit the results to U16/U17/U18/U19 after processing,
these four electrode chips pass on the results to stepper motor via CON13 / CON14 /
CON15 / CON16 after processing the signals, and stepper motor moves
simultaneously after sending results to the four electrode chips by MK1 / MK2 / MK3
/ MK4. Accomplishing sample adding and suction processes by interaction.
3.2.4 Linear Power
Linear power supply outputs stable voltage (± 12V, 5V, and 24V) after power supply
rectification, filtering, respectively supply to constant current supply and analog
circuits.
3.2.5 Waste Liquid & Pressure Sensor
Part locates on upside of main board, waste liquid sensor device transmits the signals
to the U42, U41, U42, U41 and passes on to U1 after receiving the signals, U1
processes them and issues commands to control machine moving. Pressure sensor
locates inside the machine and response for transmitting signals to CON21, CON21
receives the signals and gives feedback to U1, then U1 issue commands to control the
electromagnetism coil open and close.
3.2.6 Program Transmission
JT1, JT2, JT3, JT4, JT5 are devices to receive program sending, and pass them to five
chips.
3.2.7Main Controller

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 U1 is the main device to control all action, sends commands, receives feedback
signals, and processes results, transmits results to the computer. U2, U3 are expansion
chips of U1, provide storage for the U1, take U1’s commands and process results. S1
is a device of mechanical resetting, pressing S1device reset will returned the machine
to initial status.

3.3 Computer MB

Computer MB is software controlling section.

BAT part has a 3v battery, on status of power off, supply power for software to save
results from unexpected shutdown. U1 is the core board to control software and for
operation. CON3 is button control section, when you press the button, the signals are
transmitted to CON3 and passed on to U1, U1 issues commands to control the display
screen. RST is a software reset device, when pressed, the software will shut down and
restart. J1 is device for program update, when pull out it the machine will be powered
automatically and write software program to core board from SD card to prevent from
loss. Meanwhile, when updating the software program, pull out the SD card and copy
into a new program; pull out J1 and insert the SD card, power on, the new program
will automatically input U1. POWER provides 5V voltage for the core board. CON1
control three USB ports, two serial ports 232. CON2 for displaying transmission, U1
control display screen via CON2. CON6 is channel for connecting the main board.
MPU transmits results to core board via CON6 and saves them into SD card, as
displays on LCD screen via CON2. CON5 is a transmission device for printing. Core
board U1 will send results to printer via CON5 and print with different styles.

Chapter Ⅳ Mechanical Section

Mechanical section is divided into host machine, proportion and negative pressure
machine three parts.
Host machine part locates on the front board and wherewith two hemolysin added,
with which front board part is divided into counter pool, moving arm, front portion,
etc..

4.1

4.1.1 Counting Pool Structure and Gemstone Chip Mounting

Counting pool structure
Counting Chamber

HGB Signal Wire 13

Red Jewel slice
 Sealing Ring

Signal Wire
Chamber

Whatever part of cell count pool has been damaged, the pool has to be re-installed,
and installation as following:
1) Carefully observe if there is any damage of rest of the cup, such as electrode lines,
signal lines are corroded or discolored, the counting heads or gems hole is intact or
not.
2) Remove all cup packages from the machine and prepare a piece A4 paper.
3) Release the two inner six party screws from electrode line and remove count head.
Holding the counting head steady and tight, do not let it move, and releasing the
screws simultaneously, otherwise the gemstone pieces would be damaged.
4) Remove the counting head and the gem sheet (in pink, round slices) into A4 paper,
do not lose them.
5) Remove the electrode line, be careful of injury for the electrode wire platinum
pieces are sharp, it’s better to use a flat-blade screwdriver to pry off it slowly.
6) Take the counter head and check if it is intact before installing, and it is better to
change a new seal ring. Caution! During the installation, make sure your hands and
the counting head are steady when tightening the screws to the electrode and counting
heads. Tightening the two screws synchronously (do not on too tight).
7) Testing. Insert cups and power on the machine. When the machine stops running,
then two cups a diluent, enter the pressure maintenance point and test the voltage at
the two holes. Normally, the WBC voltage is at about 10v, RBC is about 14 to 16
volts. If it is low voltage, the gemstone piece might be of fragmentation, and observe
whether the juicing cups is exuding liquid. Observe the counting head back and the
electrode wire seal rings, the screws is loose of not.
4.1.2 Moving Arm
Structure. Motor, suction syringe, washer (includes seal rings), vertical shaft.

4.2 Proportion Part

Proportioning pump and motor

Proportioning pump includes proportioning pump body, hemolysin pistons, dilution
piston, proportioning needle and various types of seals. Its role is to provide pressure

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for the hemolysin and diluent, the solenoid valve by engagement with the injection of
the reagent, and add as the hemolysin WBC counting chamber, complete
WBC/RBC/HGB/PLT test.
Proportioning motor includes the proportioning motor and micro switcher. Of which
there are proportioning framework, such as a gear, tensioner pulley, proportioning
shaft, bearings, belt, etc..

The proportioning motor and solenoid are controlled by MB, proportioning motor
drives proportioning pump, and add reagents to counting pool.
Replace seal rings for proportioning pump:
1. Release the four inner-six-party screws from the pump.
2. Remove the proportioning pump and the six screws on the bottom of the corner,
replace seal rings.
3. After replacing the seal rings, tighten the screws from center to sides’.
Replace proportioning motor:
1. Release the four screws on the proportioning pump
2. Remove the pump and replace a new one.

4.3 Vacuum Motor

Vacuum motor section includes vacuum pumps, vacuum motors, micro-switches,

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vacuum frame. Vacuum pump includes a pump, seals, vacuum pump piston.
Micro-switch control vacuum motor to move the finish line. Vacuum framework
includes gear, tensioner pulley, gaskets, bearings. SRU vacuum motor rotation control
gear, drive up and down movement of the piston negative, negative and positive
pressure by switching to empty the pool count, while providing pressure count tests.
Vacuum motor and solenoid valves also with stirring hemolysin and blood, accelerate
integration.
Replacement of the motor: 1) vacuum pump control framework of the eight screws
removed, while the negative side of the motor cable and micro switch cord, remove
the vacuum pump frame. 2) Three screws Panasonic fixed gear and motor wear the
card, remove the tensioner pulley and gear (ibid can replace tensioner and gear). 3)
The four screws fixing the motor Matsushita, remove damage the motor. 4). the new
vacuum motor again with four M3X6 fastening screws fixed to the motor mounts. 5).
the tensioner pulley and gear with snap-fit, and secure with screws. 6) Re-board fixed
on the inside of the machine after the vacuum motor frame positioning. 7). the thread
plug in circuit boards, power test normal speed, will come to the installation is
complete.
Vacuum motor Micro Switch Replacement: 1) Panasonic micro switch circuit board
plug. 2) Remove the machine cover, Panasonic fixed micro switch screws. 3) Remove
the vacuum motor micro switch. 4). the new micro switch is positioned and fixed in
the original position. 5). the fixed thread energized and power test switch is sensitive,
will come to the installation is complete.
Replace the vacuum pump or vacuum pump seals are: 1) the four screws fixing the
Panasonic vacuum pump body. 2) Panasonic positioned within the pump two
hexagonal screws. 3) Lift up the vacuum pump piston. 4) Remove the vacuum pump,
remove the old vacuum seal. 5). the new seal on the vacuum pump body of the new
fixing slot. 6). the piston pump body squeezed, twisted, or non-ring into the pump
body. 7). the location of the two screws. 8). the four fixed pump tightening screws on
the diagonal, even forced. 9) power test negative pressure pump can operate normally,
while the piston rubbed oil lubrication, testing pressure is normal, will come to the
installation is complete.

Chapter Ⅴ Liquid tubing system

5.1 Fluid path system of SUN-6000

Performs as following functions:

(1) Preparing dilution for whole blood, pre-dilution mode
(2) Counting blood cell and measuring hemoglobin

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(3) Play dilution precisely
(4) Recoiling, washing, cleaning in loop automatically
(5) Vacuum Pressure Control

5.2 Structure of Fluid Systems

Fluid Systems main sampling needle assembly, syringe assembly, the pump assembly,
a counting unit, solenoid valves, piping and the like.
At the same time the fluid path can be divided into the following sections:
1. Testing cup
2. Cuvette
3. Hemolysin adding and mixing
4. Dilution
5. Volume measurement
6. Pressure part
7. Auxiliary
Test cup is made up of cup body, gems tablets, seal rings, positive and negative
electrodes. It is the key part of the instrument as a sensor, and works out most test
results.
Colorimetric cuvette is used to measure hemoglobin concentration. Applied the
Lambert - Beer law.
Hemolysin adding and mixing contains a hemolysin ground pipe, proportioning pump
injector, an electromagnetic valve, and mix using a bubble mode.
Diluted in part by four motors, proportioning pumps, solenoid valves and other
components. For sample suctioning machine is completed, the dilution and cleaning
action.
Volume measurement section provides volumetric effect, we obtain the number of
pulses from the hole section, plus the volume obtained here, the concentration of
blood cells can be obtained. It is mainly composed counting chamber.
Partial vacuum pressure is the driving force when the blood cell count analyzer, which
consists of counting chamber, solenoid valves, vacuum pumps and the like. Pressure
also provide recoil, mixing, power testing.

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5.3 count of whole blood circulation patterns

Whole blood mode, the "Start" button, a "start counting the" request signals to the
CPU, CPU generates a response signal after pressing the pin
count.

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 Whole blood
count

Proportion pump action,Counting

Negative pressure pump action,

Ratio of pump action, dilution of the

Negative pressure pump action,

The action of the proportion pump, the outer wall of the

Negative pressure pump action,

Negative pressure pump action,

The pump moves, the inner wall of the needle is added to the 9ul blood

Negative pressure pump action, gas recoil WBC count

knit stitch, indraw 28.3 blood samples, adding

Join in join hemolysin WBC counting pool, RBC pool dilution count, WBC count pool

Negative pressure pump action, to provide power for counting, creating a negative pressure

After about 15 seconds, the negative pressure pump action, emptying the WBC count pool, the

Drain the RBC counter and add the

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Machine reset, whole blood count end
Pre-dilution count cycles steps are likewise the whole blood circulation, except that
the dosing amount and the liquid absorption amount, and a more dilution step in vitro.
(20ul blood + 1ml dilution)

5.4 Cleaning Counting Channels

One is use a concentrated cleaning solution (1) empty WBC / RBC counting chamber
(2) add 3ml concentrated cleaning solution to both chambers (3) constant vacuum
pump working, via solenoid valve No.2/5, pressure changes, recoil WBC / RBC count
pool in loop (4) when the WBC / RBC count pool come out with stable bubbles,
soaking the counting chamber for 15 minutes (5) empty WBC / RBC count pool,
execute shutdown command or automatic cleaning cycle.
Another one is by high pressure burning (1) Click the control panel with high voltage
ignition command or "service" menu "high burning" command (2) signal reaches
CPU, CPU issues a command, through the power transformer, convert the voltage to
110v from 220v, connect to the counting chamber through front plate, burning the
gem holes of high voltage breakdown (3) after twice high voltage ignition, the
vacuum pump works, continuously recoil the hole jewel (4) empty counting chamber
solution, adding a new diluent.

5.5 Channel solenoid Valves

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Irrigation dilution: proportioning pump (3) up and down, provides pressure and switch
between No.6/8/9 solenoid, and put the diluent into the machine.
Needle (inside wall) adding dilution: dilution  No.9 solenoid valve  No.3
proportioning pump  No.9 solenoid valve  No.8  No.1 proportioning
pumpNo.2 inside wall of pin
Outside wall of needle adding dilution: dilution  No.9 solenoid valve  No.3
proportioning pump  No.9 solenoid valve  No.8 solenoid valve  No.6 solenoid
valve washeroutside wall of pin
Add dilution when measuring samples: dilution  No.9 solenoid valve  No.3
proportioning pump  No.9solenoid valve  No.8 solenoid valve  No.6 solenoid
valvewashing and diluent for tree timesWBC count diluted cleaning pool
Cleaning fluid-filling punch: vacuum pump provides negative pressure for punching;
No.3 and No.5 solenoid valve opens and simultaneously, the cleaning liquid directly
connect to the No.3 solenoid valve  cleaning and diluting for three times  RBC
counter poolWBC counter poolNo.5 solenoid valvefinally vacuum pump starts
troubleshooting via No.4 solenoid valve.
Punching and irrigating hemolysin: No.4 solenoid valve provides pressure for
hemolysin  No.1 solenoid valve  No.4 proportioning pump  No.1 solenoid valve
hemolysin connect to ground poolworking for three timesWBC counter pool
Shutdown circulation: empty the chambers, lift vacuum pump, pour enough cleaning
solution to the vacuum pump and pour enough cleaning solution to the pools and soak
for a while, finally, constantly recoil the gem holes until SUN-6000 stops working,
and power off.

Chapter Ⅵ Histograms & Pulse Graphics

6.1 Cell histogram

How to work it out?

When SUN-6000 analyzes blood cell, cell pulses will be classified according to cell
sizes, and stored in the two channels, data of each channel will be calculated and
represent with related numbers, as Y-axis shows, data of the volume shown at the
X-axis in f/L
Histogram formation
WBC Histogram
 WBC histogram is a distribution studies that classifies WBC into lymphocyte,
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 monocyte and granulocyte. Dilution and hemolysin are the key factors to classify
WBC distribution curve.
 SUN-6000 analyzes WBC according to the size (voltage amplitude level) from 35
~ 450fL and divided into 256 channels, each one 1.64fL, and work out the WBC
histogram according to the size of the cells in different channels.
 Group one (35 ~ 90fL): lymphocyte: 20 - 40 percent
Diameter: 7-17μm
Function: humoral immunity, cellular immunity
 The group two (90 ~ 160fL): monocytes (middle cells) 2% -10%
Diameter: 15-20μm
Function: phagocytosis of bacteria and foreign bodies, inducing immune
lymphoid
 Group three (> 160fL): neutrophils (big cells)

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 RBC/PLT
First, dilute the 28.3μl blood sample in mixed electrolyte dilution (conductive liquid),
and then through the calibration micro-pores. Micro-pores are placed with an
electrode on both side, a constant current between the electrodes through it. When
blood cells through the porous will generate resistance (impedance) in the electric
field between the electrodes. Since the current is constant, so bigger cell, greater
resistance. Otherwise, smaller. Relation of voltage proportional to the cell size is in a
cellular assay. Bigger cell, higher voltage. Otherwise, lower.
Various sizes of cells through the pores, the voltage pulse will be changed
accordingly, and put the cells into different channels. Then, set the threshold pulse
value, group them according to the values, then calculation, get results of the RBC
and PLT.
The results:
In a time, there will be a certain amount of cells through the calibration micro-pores.
Measure the pulse of cells with high precision, determine the threshold value, group
them by values, and then work out the testing values of RBC and PLT based on
calibration coefficients.
 RBC&PLT Histogram
RBC and PLT histograms tested by threshold value of the electric pulse. Then
grouped by the pulse size, and put to the right grade channel. Calculate the
smoothing of mathematical value of electrical pulse and draw charts.

Electrical impulses of cells that passed through the pores

Cell value

23
 Cell size

Group RBC pulses according to cell value and cell size.

Cell number

Cell size
The smooth process of the RBC: RBC pulse distribution curve
Cell number

Cell size

Smoothing calculation process for PLT pulse: PLT distribution curve

RBC histogram: The results for RBC pulse distribution and mathematics, RBC size
by volume were placed in 256 channels (30fl to 300fl).
PLT histogram: for pulse distribution and the mathematical result of the PLT, PLT size
by volume were placed in 128 channels, a minimum volume of 2fl, the maximum
volume variable threshold platelet volume between the upper and lower limit between
red blood cell volume. (Fl = Philippine liter) micro-volume measurement units. This
is the volume of the unit of measure for small particles.
HGB
In the analysis of circulating WBC, adding 0.52ml 2.05ml diluted hemolytic
agent in the blood pool in WBC count. Hemolytic agent can destroy the red cell
membrane and release of hemoglobin from red blood cells.
Optical channel WBC count in the pool, using the compounds were determined
by spectrophotometry. Optical wavelength measurement was 550nm.
HGB were measured: for red blood cell hemolysis and a cyanide-free
hemoglobin reagent. All the heme iron by oxidation reaches a steady state, generate
color family, and by spectrophotometry at 550nm wavelength number of conditions.
HGB value by the following equation:
HGB = Log (blank value / sample value) × calibration coefficients.
HCT
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 Hematocrit measurement require electrical pulse measurements and
mathematical calculations in conjunction. All RBC pulses are grouped according to
size, and then calculating the average height of each group of pulses. Finally calculate
the average of the average height of all the pulses, as the average of all RBC pulse
height. MCV numerical integration of the value function. The results show that the
percentage of integration.
MCV (mean cell volume) is calculated directly through the entire RBC histogram.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) is calculated according to RBC count and
hemoglobin values. Calculated as follows:
MCH (pg) = HGB / RBC × 10
pg: Pique
MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) is calculated according to the
hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Calculated as follows:
MCHC (g / dl) = HGB / HCT x 100
l RDW
RDW (red blood cell distribution width) used to determine the sizes of red blood cells
associated with red blood cell abnormalities. By RDW, according to the number of
cells and their average volume, track changes in RBC histogram width. This is also
the result of the calculation RBC histogram.
Calculated as follows:
RDW (%) = K SD / MCV
K: RDW calibration coefficients.
SD: According to the results of statistical analysis of cell distribution, the
standard deviation obtained.
MCV: mean cell volume of red blood cells.
MPV
MPV (mean platelet volume) is calculated directly from the platelet histogram
distribution curve. The calculation method is almost identical with the MCV.
PCT
Platelet hematocrit according to the following formula:
PCT% = PLT (103 / mm3) x MPV (μm3) / 10000

6.2 dilution and hemolysis

WBC cell membrane can be reserved for the full reaction, and the dilution solution
can be prepared for the full reaction. The hemolytic agent has the full effect on WBC
plasma membrane. When the hemolysin and plasma membrane of lymphocytes react,
hemolysin can be water soluble cytosolic release out, and let the contraction of plasma
membrane surrounding the nucleus. When the plasma membrane reaction between the
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hemolytic agent and the mononuclear cells, the intermediate reaction can keep the cell
to a certain extent, compared with the lymphocytes, monocytes can maintain its larger
size.
When the hemolytic agent and granulocyte reaction, the reaction degree is limited by
cytoplasmic structures in a molecule, the molecule can protect cells from the effects
of hemolysin contraction. Which makes the WBC cells become a large sub-group in
the differentiation of cells. After full reaction of hemolysis, the height of each pulse of
WBC was analyzed. Then according to the cell volume (30fl to 450fl), these pulses
into different channels, determine the threshold, grouping, and then through the WBC
distribution curve, the curve is also known as WBC histogram. Then, according to the
number of cells in each group and the size of the cell, the WBC of the three sub
groups of the corresponding group.
The instrument can complete automatic calibration and cleaning of the residual blood
on the suction tube. Therefore, it is safe since no contact with blood samples directly.
In order to get accurate results, the manual should be read carefully before operations.
For safety and efficiency of operating the instrument, please follow the operation and
maintenance instructions in this manual.

Note
For proper and safe use of reagents, check the label on
the box and valid data on the table.

Note
To ensure that your instrument to get accurate measurement results, please use
the products and accessories by SunBright.

6.3 Significance of the parameters

6.3.1 Abnormal instances of WBC value

AIDS: No lymphocytes in human body.
Leukemia: Increased number of WBC but lacking of function (malignant
proliferation)

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Exception: Normally, it is rare to find large amount of immature cells in the venous
blood. When it goes abnormal, the amount immature cells increase, if more than 1%,
the patient should immediately check their body.
Situation of WBC increasing:
Physiological changes
age, such as neonatal leukocytes generally is higher (15 ~ 20) × 109 / L, some even up
to 30 × 109 / L, and usually down to 10 × 109 / L in 3 to 4 days. And gradually
decreased to adult levels, in the first weak after birth dominated by neutrophils; nine
days later, neutrophils and lymphocytes amount are equal. Then lymphocyte
predominant gradually increased up to 70% throughout infancy; in 2 or 3 years old,
lymphocytes began to decline and neutrophil lymphocyte cells increase; in age of 4 or
5, neutrophils gradually increase, lymphocytes and neutrophils is basically the same
as in infants and children time. Two cross of neutrophils and lymphocytes.
Day change
Low in a quiet rest, high after a meal and or activity; afternoon higher than in the
morning. Within a day, WBC may fluctuate, if you feel pain or emotional, it can be
increased to 15 × 109 / L or higher. It is due to redistribution and increased release of
the bone marrow cause.
Impact of pregnancy and childbirth
Slightly elevated in pregnancy; due to pain and bleeding until the birth trauma,
childbirth increase the WBC up to 30 × 109 / L; but do not increase the proportion of
neutrophils; and decline in 3 to 5 days after partum and gradually and return to normal
within 2 weeks. WBC physiologically fluctuating in a large scale, so it is significant
for timing and repeated observations.
Pathological changes
The total number of WBC is bigger than 10 * 109/L, which are usually caused by the

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increase of neutrophils, such cases as followed:
Acute infection:
Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, hemolytic
streptococcus, suppurative bacterial sepsis, acute rheumatic fever, tonsillitis,
appendicitis, etc.
Severe tissue damage or a large number of blood cell destruction:
For instance, 12~36 hours after the surgery, WBC would increase; 1~2 days after
acute myocardial infarction, WBC were significantly higher and sustainable for 1
weeks; in acute hemolysis, WBC are visible, acute massive hemorrhage, especially
acute poisoning, such as acute sleeping pills poisoning, pesticide poisoning, diabetes,
poisoning and uremia.
Pathological reduction:
Some gram negative bacilli infections such as typhoid, paratyphoid, without
complications when leukopenia; certain viral infections such as influenza virus
infection; some protozoa infection such as malaria, Kala Azar. Damage and thus
enhance the function of some blood diseases such as aplastic anemia, non white
bloody leukemia, granulocytic and reduce the deficiency; physicochemical factors
such as contact radiation and application of chloramphenicol, antitumor drugs,
benzene, organic phosphorus, mercury, lead and other toxic chemicals, bone marrow
damage caused by white cell reduction; others, such as systemic lupus erythematosus,
spleen function hyper function, the former due to the anti-nuclear antibodies destroy
their own white blood cells, and the latter is due to the enlargement of the spleen
mononuclear macrophage phagocytic destruction of white blood cells and the
secretion of excessive spleen inactivated promotion of grain cell to generate certain
factors can cause leucocyte increase or insufficient production, thereby causing white
cell reduction.
6.3.2 abnormal red blood cells, for example
6.3.2 Red cell abnormalities
1 small cell anemia: refers to the cell volume is small, MCV is lower than the normal
value.
Include the following:

① Normal RDW, red blood cell peak shifts to the left, distribution in the 55~100fl,
peak in the 75fl, basal narrower for typical homogeneity graphics, suggestive of
cellule low pigment.
Common in the light of the pearl protein to produce a barrier anemia

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② RDW slightly increased:

Red blood cell peak shift left, distributed in 55~100fl, peak at 65fl.
Tips for small cell low pigment cells are not uniform, common iron deficiency
anemia;
Using FERROTHERAPY effective clinical, histogram changes obviously, can appear
Shuangfeng graphics.

2 large cell anemia: refers to the MCV than the normal range, red blood cell volume.
Include the following:

29
Normal RDW: erythrocyte peaks were shifted to the right, mainly distributed in the
75~130fl, peak located at the 100fl, suggesting large cell volume is consistent.
Found in hemolytic anemia, leukemia, aplastic anemia.
3 positive cell anemia
Normal distribution histogram mapping, cell size is consistent, blood 18 evaluation
cell and hemoglobin in proportion to reduce, RDW can be normal, slightly increased.
It is common in chronic diseases, bone marrow fibrosis, bone marrow development,
acute hemorrhage and so on.
6.3.3 Platelet abnormalities
1 the increase of large platelets:
The histogram graph shifts to the right, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet
distribution width (PDW) extension, if coagulopathy should pay attention.
2 small platelets increased:
The histogram of the image is a little left, the average volume of blood platelet is
small, the platelet distribution width is normal, blood smear can be seen more small
platelets, without special clinical value.

3 small red cell interference:

Histogram shows that the right side of the peak of the peak is relatively high, and the
histogram shows a removal of the tail.
Prompt, abnormal platelet distribution, red blood cell volume histogram there is a

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small number of red blood cells, white blood cells of normal histogram

4 platelet aggregation:
Histogram shows that the left starting point is higher, from the horizontal coordinates
of 0.6cm, right in the 20fl, from the horizontal coordinates of 0.4cm, and the normal
blood platelet histogram have obvious differences, can prompt platelet aggregation.
MCV and RDW can eliminate the interference of red blood cells, and there is a small
peak in the 35fl of the white blood cell histogram.

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32
Chapter VII: Maintenance & Trouble Shooting

7.1 SUN-6000 Maintenance

One of the main factors that ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement
results is careful maintenance of the instrument. As long as the operator has a clear
maintenance plan, it can make automatic maintenance of the number of times to a
minimum. This chapter will introduce routine and periodic maintenance procedures.
Laboratory personnel should be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the
company using the instrument, if not in accordance with the requirements of the use
of the method and the provisions of the use, will not be reliable measurement data and
may cause damage to the machine or the operator to cause potential risks.

Warning

If the medical and health institutions responsible for the use of this instrument can not
implement a satisfactory maintenance plan, it will cause abnormal instrument failure.
1) start up and shutdown cycle
When starting each working day, the instrument automatically runs the start up cycle.
At the end of each working day, you should run the shutdown cycle. After the end of
the cycle, close the instrument power supply.
2) recoil
In the test results, the frequent parameters are abnormal, please use this function. The
operator can use this feature to clean the hole of the plug of the counting pool.
In the main interface, click on the "device maintenance" > > click on the "back of the
gem hole" > > click the "execute command" button.
Open the door and check if the liquid is through the hole. Note that there are no small
bubbles from the counting head into the counter tube. After the start of the recoil,
check whether the liquid is back through the micro hole (observe the flow of small
bubbles from the counting head to the counter).
If there are no small bubbles into the counter or counting pool, the pores may still be
blocked. At this time, should be concentrated cleaning
3) concentrated cleaning
Operator can use this feature, the WBC and RBC count pool and the micro hole for a
strong cleaning.
Prepare the following solution: a concentrated cleaning solution containing 12%
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active chlorine.
Operation steps are as follows:
In the main menu, click on the "maintenance", execute "emptying the WBC count"
command pool, implementation "emptying RBC count pool" command to open the
host side door, the selected four milliliters of liquid bleach injection WBC count in the
pool, the selected four milliliters of bleach into the RBC count pool. After the
completion of the two count pool, the solution is filled in fifteen minutes, and the
three time is executed. The process of the back of the hole is in the process of the
"automatic flushing".

Note: The linear range and related parameters of the component parameters
must be considered when the whole blood concentration is detected. To detect these
concentrates more easily to pollute counting holes. Recommended for these
concentrate after the test is finished, the 3 times the recoil and / or 1 concentrated
cleaning.
4) Surface Cleaning
As the instrument is in a biological environment, it is necessary to clean its surface.
5) Weekly Maintenance
Requirement 3-5 days to do a concentrated cleaning, soaking, the more than 30 copies,
day added up to do a concentrated cleaning, soaking, finish after concentration can
according to draining and blocking key, high voltage ignition after the operation and
shutdown circulating. (Do maintenance after working time)
6) Monthly maintenance and surface cleaning
Often check the proportion of pump, flushing, pipeline leakage, since the instrument
in a biological environment, it is necessary to clean the surface of the disinfection, do
not splash liquid into the instrument.

Do not use products with alcohol

Do not use solvents or corrosive substances
Clean the spilled blood ASAP
Power off before cleaning
Make sure that the apparatus is completely dry before switch SUN-6000 on, all
surface and stainless steel that contaminated should be wiped with a sponge dipped
disinfectant, and dry with a soft cloth

7.2 SUN-6000 troubleshooting

(1) Local test failed after starting with automatic circulation

Possible reasons:
34
1) Electrostatic interference. Bad Ground connect, strictly according to the
requirements of ground connecting.
2) Counter pool contamination. Recommend concentrated cleanser cleaning.
3) Counter pool or buffer pot drain. Replace a new count pool or buffer pot.
4) Reagent pollution or insufficient. Replace the new kit.
5) Liquid flow in the liquid channel is not smooth and the position of the liquid is
(pressure, discount, foreign body blockage, etc.).
6) Liquid leakage, vacuum system problems. Check the negative pressure pump is
leaking.
(2) The result of the duplication is poor
Possible reasons:
1) Unstandardized operation, the sample is mixed not complete.
2) Serious sample contamination
3) Sample selection is inappropriate.
4) Instrument interference
Check if the shield box is fixed well, the shield lines are connected well and the mains
voltage is stable.
5) Reagent are contaminated or expired.
(3) Poor HGB repeatability
Possible reasons:
1) HGB light emitting diode fixation loosening
2) HGB light emitting diode
3) WBC sample pool is dirty, there is dirt
4) The problem of the addition of the hemolytic agent
5) HGB light emitting diode light intensity
6) Reagent expired, pollution
(4) The display does not work
Possible reasons:
Power supply problem. Check the power outlet is solid, check the fuse is intact. If
damaged, replace immediately.
(5) Show that the X or Y shaft failure.

35
Possible reasons:
1) The micro switch is damaged or the communication line is connected to the bad,
and the replacement of the new
2) Lead screw lubrication is not enough
3) Sampling needle clamping plates are loose, the motor when the liquid guiding
needle tube connected with the sampling and random movement or hang on the wall
4) Motor damage
(6) A display of the matching motor fault.
Possible reasons:
1) Micro switch damage or contact
2) The ratio of the pump is aging and resistance increases.
3) The connection of the ratio of the pump to increase the resistance, the valve is bad
4) Motor communication line connection
5) The proportion of pump installation is not in place
(7) Show that the negative pressure motor fault
Possible reasons:
1) Negative pressure pump
2) The liquid path is blocked, the pipeline is blocked.
3) Connecting the negative pressure pump to the micro switch damage
4) Micro switch communication line connection is bad
(8) The printer does not work
May cause: printer connection is correct, whether paper is installed

Chapter VIII Notice

1) Environment Requirement

Notice
Working conditions:
Temperature： 15 ˚C～30 ˚C
Humidity： ≤80%
36
Atmospheric pressure： 70KPa～106 KPa
Supply voltage： 220V±22V 50Hz±1Hz
 In order to get reliable data, please operate the instrument under temperature of
15 ~ 30 ˚C, keep diluent and hemolysin in 15 ~ 30 ˚C.
 Install SUN-6000 in clean place.
 No direct sunlight.
 No items on the instrument, to avoid extra problem.
 Install SUN-6000 on a non-vibration platform.
 Independent power outlet for SUN-6000.
2) Power supply and power cord connection pipe
 Connect one end of the power line supplied by us with the power outlet on the
backboard of instrument, connect the other end of the power line with three-phase
AC power outlet. Make sure that the ground wire in three-phase AC power outlet
has an effective connection.
 When Using the two-phase AC power outlet, should do the external ground by
connecting the ground wire on the back of instrument（ ）, do not use water
or gas pipes as a ground wire.
3) Note:
 The user can only use the reagents recommended by the production company, or
we can’t guarantee the test results and the instrument may be damaged.
 If the skin touch diluent, cleaning solution or hemolysin, please wash it
completely
 Immediately; if take them by error, you must go to hospital for treatment
immediately.
 Diluent, hemolysin and cleaning solution should be saved at the room
temperature (15 ~30℃),If they are frozen, should enable them to melt completely
at the room temperature and then use them.
 Do not place the hemolysin in sites with direct sunlight or lay aside it more than
30days after opening, or affect the hemoglobin values or poor repeatability.
 When the temperature of diluent is below 15 ℃, will affect the white blood cell
classification.
4) Blood Sample Collecting
● Sample Collecting
The blood cell check is one of the most commonly used checks. The accuracy and
rationality of the blood sample collection and handling is directly related to the
inspection quality. So, the selection of the anticoagulant and the proportion between
anticoagulant and blood should be executed strictly according to the test requirement,
37
and the blood sample should be submitted to the testing section immediately.
Meanwhile, some physiologic factors such as eating, exercise, agitation and so on can
affect blood components, or even in one day the WBC count and eosinophil count are
fluctuant. Therefore, the blood sample should be collected as soon as possible at a
certain time, such as drawing blood before the breakfast.
● Venous Blood
The inspection items which will use more blood or must use the venous anticoagulant
required by the instrument itself, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, analysis of
the blood biochemical composition, immunological examination and multi-parameters
automatic hematology analyzer etc., should use the venous blood. After collecting the
venous blood, there are two ways to handle the samples: when you need the whole
blood or plasma for examination, you should add the ration anticoagulant into the
whole blood or use the physical method to anticoagulate removing fiber; when you
need the serum for examination, you do not add the anticoagulant and just separate
the serum after coagulation. In order to avoid the influence caused by visible
component, you should separate the serum promptly after coagulation.

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