Module – 03

Group Assignment

Topic:
31. tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fs;
1) Njhw;W Neha;fs;
2) njhw;whj Neha;fs;
3) mjpf nray;jpwd;
4) mjPj Ez;zwpT
(vd;why; vd;d?> ,dq;fhzy;> ,ay;Gfs;> cjtf;$ba topfs;)

S.M.P. Rishla.
YTC/TM/929
Maho/ Al-Madeena Muslim Maha Vidyalaya
2023/10/01

J.M. Arshad.
YTC/TM/893
Ku/ Zahira Model Maha Vidyalaya
2023/10/01

1
 tpNrl NjitAila khztfs;.
jkJ Gj;jp> cly; mikg;G> czr;rpfspYk; Vida rf tplaq;fspYk;
jkJ taij xj;j rhjhuz gps;isfspd; tPr; vy;iyf;Fs; tuhJ khWgl;L
epw;fpd;w gps;isfs; tpNrl NjitAila khztu; vdg;gLfpd;wdu;.
tpNrl NjitAila khztu;fspy;>
1. njhw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fs;
2. njhw;whj Neha;fshy; gjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fs;
3. mjpa nray;jpwDila khztu;fs;.
4. mjPj Ez;zwpTs;s khztu;fs;
vd 04 tifahd gpupTfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1. njhw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fs;.

kUj;Jt Nrhjidapy;> xU NehahdJ> Nehia cUthf;Fk; gz;G nfhz;l
ituR> gf;Bupah> G+Q;ir> GNuhl;NlhNrhth kw;Wk; gy;fy xl;Lz;zpfs; Nghd;w
capupdq;fspd; fhuzkhf Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;l khztu;fs;
njhw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fshFk;.
nghJthf the;jp Ngjp> Nkftl;il Neha;> gpwg;GWg;Gf;Fupa Njhy; mow;rp> <uy;
mow;rp giw> kNyhupah> jz;L %is rt;T fha;r;ry;> Nkfg;Gz;> nyhf;N[h>
fhrNeha;> vypf;fha;r;ry; vd gyNtW njhw;W Neha;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

1.1. njhw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fl;l khztu;fis ,dq;fhzy;>

,ay;Gfs;.
• cly; twl;rp nfhz;l khztu;fshf fhzg;gly;.
• njhlu;e;J the;jpnaLj;jy;.
• clk;gpy; nfhg;Gsk; fzg;gly;.
• fha;r;ry;> jiytyp vd ve;NeuKk; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fs; cwq;Fjy;.
• rhg;ghl;L ,ilNtis Neuq;fspy; grpapz;ik vd rhg;gplhky; ,Uj;jy;.
• tFg;giwapy; mjpfkhf J}q;Fjy;.
• mOjy;.
• khztu;fs; gytPdkhff; fhzg;gLjy;.
• Nrhu;tile;J fhzg;gLjy;.
,t;thwhd ,ay;GfSila khztu;fs; tFg;giwf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy;
nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ fhzg;gl;lhy; my;yJ mtu;fspd; nraw;ghL ,t;thW
,Ue;jhy; mtu;fs; njw;W Nehay; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fs; vd; ,df;fz;L
nfhs;s KbAk;.

2
1.2. njhw;W Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kztu;fSf;F cjtf;$ba
topKiwfs;.
• njhw;W Nehafy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kztu;fis ,dq;fz;L> Kjyhtjhf
ghlrhiy Rfhjhug;gpuptpy; mtu;fis xg;gilj;jy;.
• ngw;Nwhu;fSld; fye;Jiuahb mk;khztu;fis rupahd Kiwapy;
rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;jy;.
• khztu;fSila Neha; FzkhFk; tiuapy; mtu;fis tPLfspy; jq;f
itj;J mtu;fSf;F Njitahd fy;tpia tPl;Lw;F nrd;W toq;Fjy;
(elkhLk; Mrpupau;fshf nray;gLjy;).
• khztu;fs; fw;Fk; Ntfj;jpw;Nfw;gr; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl re;ju;g;gk;
mspj;jy;.
• nrtpkLj;jy;> thrpj;jy;> vOJjy; Nghd;w gapw;rpfspy; <Lgl nra;jy;.
• KbAkhdtiu tFg;giwapy; jj;jkJ cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F
topfhl;ly;.
• khztu;fSf;F njhw;W Neha;fs; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;it toq;Fjy;

2. njhw;wh Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fs;.

Nehahsu; fhyj;jpy; Neha;fF
; wpfis cz;lhf;fhj> gpd;du; Neha; mwpFwpfisj;
Njhw;Wtpf;ff; $ba Neha; njhw;Wfisr; rhjhuzkhf Neha; vd;Nw
miof;fpNwhk;. gpw Neha;fshd Gw;WNeha;> ,jaf; Foypa Neha;> kugZ
Gwo;rr; p Mfpait njhw;wh Neha;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
njhw;wh Neha;fs;> ,ja ehs Foha; milg;G> Neha;fs; kw;Wk; ,ja mOj;jk;
ePbj;Js;s EiuaPuy; Neha; kw;Wk; ePupopT Neha; cs;spl;l nghJthf ePbj;J
,Uf;fpd;w my;yJ tho;f;ifNahL njhlu;Ggl;l Neha;fshFk;. ,t;thwhd
Neha;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fs; njhw;wh Neha;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
khztu;fshff; fUjg;gLtu;.
gy njhw;wh Neha;fs; gFjpahfNth my;yJ Kw;wpYkhfNth kugZ
mbg;gilapy; xU jiyKiwapy; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU jiyKiwf;F guTtjhf
cs;sd.

2.1. njhw;wh Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fspd; ,ay;GfSk;

mtu;fis ,dk; fhzYk;.
• njhlu;r;rpahf foptiwf;Fr; nry;Yjy;.
• jhfpj;jtu;fshf eh twz;ltu;fshff; fhzg;gly;.
• cr;r msT fisg;gile;jtu;fshff; fhzg;gly;.
• rhg;gpl;lTld; kpifahd tpau;it.

3
 • epiuapy; tptupf;f Kbahj ,og;G my;yJ tptupf;fg;gl Kbahj msT
epiw jpBnud cau;tiljy;.
• tof;fkw;w jiytyp.
• tFg;giwapy; Fog;gk; mile;jtu;fshf fhzg;gly;.
• tFg;giwapy; mjpfk; J}q;Fjy;.
,t;thwhd ,ay;Gfs; tFg;giwapy; khztu;fsplj;Nj toikf;F khw;wkhf
fhzg;gl;lhy; mtu;fs; VjhtJ xU njhw;wh Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
khztu;fshf ,dk; fz;L nfhs;s KbAk;.

2.2. njhw;wh Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khztu;fSf;F cjtf;$ba

topKiwfs;.
• njhw;wh Neha; mwpFwpfs; cs;s khztu;fis ,dk; fz;L mtu;fspd;
ngw;Nwhu;fSf;F mwpag;gLjy;.
• khztu;fis xOq;fhd itj;jpa rpfpr;irf;F cl;gLj;j cjTjy;.
• khztu;fs; rpfpr;ir ngWk; fhyq;fspy; mtu;fspd; jd;ikf;F Vw;g
elkhLk; Mrpupau;fshf nray;gl;L fy;tpia toq;Fjy;.
• ghlrhiyapy; gupe;Jiu kw;Wk; tpopg;Gzu;it cau;j;Jjy;.
• njhw;wh Nehia cz;lhf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzpia fz;fhzpj;jy;.
• Kiwahf jLg;G kUe;Jfis toq;Fjy;.
• Kiwahd clw;gapw;rpfis ghlrhiyapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jp nray;gLj;jy;.
• MNuhf;fpakhd czTg; gof;fq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf czT
ml;ltiz xd;iw jahupj;J mjid eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.

3. mjpf nray;jpwDila khztu;fs;.

jpwd; vd;gJ> xU nraw;ghl;by; xUtUf;F ,Uf;ff;$ba jpwikia my;yJ
Mw;wiy Fwpf;fpd;wJ. nghJthf jpwd;fs; fy;tp> gapw;rp> mDgtk; Clhf
tpWj;J nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
nray;jpwd; vd;gJ> tsq;fis mtw;wpd; mjpfgl;r ed;ikf;fhf
gad;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; tsq;fis mtw;wpd; kpf cau;e;j jpwDld;
nray;gLtjhFk;. Fiwe;jgl;r cs;sPLfSld; mjpf KbTfis ngWtijAk;
,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
tFg;giw fw;wypy; <LgLk; nghJ fw;wy; nray;ghLfspy; <LgLfpd;w
khztu;fspy; rpyu; Vw;fdNt fw;Ws;sijg; Nghd;W nraw;gLthu;fshapd;
my;yJ VjhtJ nraw;ghL xd;wpd; NghJ jkf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l tsq;fis
itj;J cr;rkhf gad;gLj;jp rpwe;j ngW NgWfis ngWthu;fshapd; mtu;fs;
mjpf nray;jpwd; cila khztu;fshf fUjg;gLthu;.

4
3.1. mjpf nray;jpwDila khztu;fspd; ,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk;
mtu;fis ,dq;fhzy;.
• xU ghlj;jpy; ngw;w mwpit gad;gLj;jp Vida ghlq;fSf;Fk; njhlu;G
gLj;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghLfis jpwikahf nra;J Kbg;gu;.
• jkJ Xa;T Neuq;fis kpfTk; gaDs;s Kiwapy; gad;gLj;Jtu;.
• ghlk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nray;fspy; mjpfk; gq;F nfhs;gtu;.
• jq;fs; taJ epiyf;F mjpfkhd Gj;jfq;fis gbg;gJld;> mjpfkhd
nraw;ghLfspYk; <LgLtu;.
• tFg;giwapy; gjpNtLfis itj;J ,k;khdtu;fis ,dk; fz;L
nfhs;s KbAk;.
• rpwe;j nray; jpwd;> nrhy;tsk;> ek;gpf;ifAilatu;fshfTk;>
cz;ikahdtu;fshfTk; nray;gLtu;.
• tFg;giwapy; Vida khztu;fshy; nra;a jaq;Fk; nray;ghLfis
,tu;fs; nra;J Kbf;Fk; Mw;wy; cilatu;fshf fhzg;gLgtu;.
• Mrpupauhy; nghWg;ghf nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;w Ntiyfis rupahfTk;
Neu;j;jpahfTk; nra;J Kbg;gu;.
,t;thwhf tFg;giwapy; Vida khztu;fis tpl mjpfkhf jkJ nray;
jpwd;fis ntspf;fhl;lf;$ba khztu;fis mjpf nray;jpwd; cila
khztu;fshf ,dk; fz;L nfhs;syhk;.

3.2. mjpf nraa;fpwDila khztu;fSf;F cjtf;$ba topfs;.

• mjpf nray;jpwDila khztu;fis ,dk;fz;L> mtu;fSf;fhd rpwg;G
tFg;Gfis Vw;ghL nra;J fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nray;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.
• Nkyjpfkhd Gj;jfq;fis thrpg;gjw;F mtu;fis Cf;Ftpj;jy;.
• fw;gpj;jiy mjpfkhd nraw;ghLfSld; Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
• kPj;jpud; Fiwe;j khztu;fis fz;fhzpf;f> tFg;giw Nkw;ghu;itia
nra;a ,k;khdtu;fis gad;gLj;jyhk;.
• ,k;khdtu;fSf;fhf gs;spapy; topfhl;lYk; mwpTiu gfu;jYk; vd;w
Nrit rpwe;j Kiwapy; ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;.
• ,tu;fs; gbf;f tpUk;Gk; ghlq;fis Nju;e;njLf;f ,k;khdtu;fSf;F KO
cupik toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
• gs;spapy; Jiwf;fok;> fy;tpr; Rw;Wyh vd;gd Nghd;w nraw;ghLfSld;
$ba Ntiyfis ,tu;fs; elj;Jtjw;F Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5
4. mjPj Ez;zwpTs;s khztu;fs;
Ez;zwpT vd;gJ> jpl;lkpLjy;> gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T fhzy;> gz;gpashf
rpe;jpj;jy;> vd;dfUf;fiyAk; nkhopfisAk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy;> fw;wy;
Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd jpwd;fis cs;slf;fpa kdk; rhu;e;j jpwikfis jOtp
mike;j kdj;jpd; xU ,ay;ghFk;.
,t;thW xU tplaj;ij jpl;lkpl;L> gpur;rpidfis jPu;f;f KbAkhd
gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l khztu;fs; mjPj Ez;zwpTs;s khztu;fshFk;.

4.1. mjPj Ez;zwpTs;s khztu;fis ,dq;fhzy;.

• mwpthw;wy; (Ez;kjp)
• tpQ;QhdG+u;tj; jpwd;fs;
• jiyikj;Jt jpwd;fs;
• nghwpKiw jpwd;fs;
• Mf;fj;jpwd;fs;
• yypj fiyfs; - rpj;jpuf; fiyj;jpwd;fs;> rq;fPj jpwd;fs;> eldj;jpwd;>
ebg;Gj;jpwd;
• Mf;fG+u;tkhd vOj;J jpwd;

4.2. mjPj Ez;zwpTs;s gps;isfspd; ,ay;Gfs;.

• Ra xOf;fKilatu;fs;.
• jd;dk;gpf;if cilatu;fs;.
• rpe;jidfspYk;> rpe;jpf;Fk; ghzpapYk; NtWgl;ltu;fs;.
• fpufpf;Fk; Mw;wYk; Qhgfrf;jpAk; cilatu;fshf fhzg;gLthu;fs;.

4.3. mjPj Ez;zwpTs;s khztu;fSf;F cjtf;$ba topKiwfs;.

• Mf;fG+u;tkhf vOJjy;.
• Njbawpifr; nraw;ghLfs;.
• Gjpu; tpLtpj;jy;.
• $l;lhf nra;Ak; nray;ghLfspy; <LgLj;jy;.
• rpwg;gwpQu;fspd; cjtpiag; ngWjy;.
• Mrpupau; vg;NghJk; cld;ghlhd (+) vz;zj;Jld; nray;gLjy;.
• gy;NtW mDgtq;fis toq;Ftjw;F Mtiz nra;jy;.
• mwptpid gfpu;e;J gupkhwpf; nfhs;s re;ju;g;gk; mspj;jy;.
• RtNuL gpNuuizg; ngl;b> Nkyjpf thrpg;G trjp (fy;tp) Nghd;wtw;iw
Vw;gLj;jy;.