ATECHNICALREPORTON

STUDENTINDUSTRIALWORKEXPERIENCESCHEME(SIWES)

HELDAT
ABEOKUTACENTRALZONALTOWNPLANNINGOFFICE,OKEMOS
AN,OGUNSTATEFROM28thNOVEMBER2022TO3rdFEBRUARY2023.

COMPILEDBY
SOLOTANAYOBAMIOLADIMEJI
N/URP/21/0256

SUBMITTEDTOTHE
DEPARTMENTOFURBANANDREGIONALPLANNING
SCHOOLOFENVIRONMENTALSTUDY
THEFEDERALPOLYTECHNICILARO,OGUNSTATE,NIGERIA.
INPARTIALFULFILMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTOFSWS201
 APRIL,2023.
DEDICATION
ThisprojectisdedicatedtomyparentsinpersonsofMrandMrsSolotan,fortheirimmeasurablesupportw
hichplaysavitalroletomystudiesandcareerdevelopment.
3.1.2HISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDYAREA(ILARO)IlaroistheheadquartersoftheYewasouthlocalgov
ernment,nowknownasYEWALANDwhichreplacedtheEgbadodivisionoftheformalwesternstate,andlaterbec
omeapartofOgunstateofNigeria.Harotownisabout50kmfromAbeokuta,theOgunstatecapital,andabout100
kmfromIkejathecapitalcityofLagosstate.Otherneighbouringtowntolaro,headquartersofYewalandincludesA
jilete,Okcodan,Owode,Ibese,Ojaodan,Pahayi,Idogo-
Ipaja.PapalantoandImasayi.Closetothismonumentisthetownallnamedafterthehonourablewarrior.Sataasa
nancientIlarrulerinthe19centurywhosacrificedhisownsonforhispeopletoenjoyabundanceofrainfallatatime
Harowasploguedwithdrought.Ilarotownhousesabout$7.850people.Ilarowasfoundedinthe18"centurybyAr
owhomigratedfromtheOyotowntosettledowninIgboAje,alittlehillsituatedatthecenterofthetownfromwher
eheandhiswarriorscouldsightenemies(mostlyslavetradersfromtheneighbouringBeninRepublicknownthen
asDahomey)onattackfromalongdistance.Arohimselfwasawarriorandahuntertobereckonedwithflarohadhe
rnamefrom"lu-
Aro"meaningthesettlementofArowhichlaterbecameHarofromcaseofpronunciation.Ancientllarotownwasb
lessedwithgreatfarmers,hunters,andwarriorsoutofwhichOronaandOsatarankedthefilesoflarohistory.Inthe
historylaidbythesehumblekinsmenfromthehandsoftheinvadingDahomeyandotherwarriors,newshaditthat
Oronawithhis"Ekun"(Leopard)whenhebecameoldandwantedtoshowthepotencyofhispowersenteredintot
hegroundandtoldhispeopletocalluponhimwheneverthereisproblem.i.c.intimeofwar,byjustpullingthechain
attachedtohimselfandtheleopardasatthetimeofenteringtheground.ThisplacewhereOronadisappearedinto
thegroundwithhisleopardtodayhadbeenrenovatedandconstructedasanemolumentforloversofhistoryandt
ourists.IlarotownhadaverygoodromancewiththemissionariesfromEuropeinthe19"andthe20centuriesHist
oryhaditthatthelikesofthelatelordLugard,lateMarySlessorvisietedtheancientIlarotown.Manymissionariesli
vedthewholeoftheirlivesaschaplainsandasmedicaldoctorsinIlarotownandinremembranceofthis,thelonges
tstreetinllarotodateisnamedLesliestreetafterJ.Leslie.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IamindebtedtoJehovahGodforhisprotectionandgracetocompletethiscourse,alsomygratitudeandres
pectgoestomysupervisorMrKehindeolabodeforhisextraordinarymeasuresofpatienceaswellashisex
pectedguidance,whoencourageandguidemethroughmycourseofstudy,alsomysincerethanksgotothe
departmentofurbanandregionalplanning;thelecturersandstudentsofthedepartmentwhostoodbymed
uringmycourseofstudy.
Alsoworthyofmentioningaremyunflaggingparentsfortheirhumbleandcaringtreatmenttowardsmyca
reerdevelopmentandmybossinpersonofTPLAdegboyegaandTPLAdesanyafortheirexcellentnoblep
erformanceandsupportasaresultofhighintention,sincereeffortandknowledgeimpactedonmeduringt
hecourseofmySIWES.
Finally,Iwouldliketorecognisethespecialassistanceofmyfamilymemberswhoseassistanceplaysavita
lroletomystudiesandtomyfriendstoonumeroustomentionwhohavecontributedtothissuccessbothmor
allyandspiritually;Isaythankyou.

DECLARATION
I,SOLOTANAYOBAMI.OwithMatricnumberN/URP/
21/0256ofthedepartmentofUrbanandRegionalPlanning,Thefederalpolytechnicilaro,ogunstate,here
bydeclarethatthisreportonStudentIndustrialWorkExperienceSchemeistheoriginalworkdonebymeat
theAbeokutazonaltownplanningoffice,Ogunstatefrom28thNovemberto3rdfebruary,2023.
SolotanAyobami.O
N/URP/21/0256

ABSTRACT
StudentsIndustrialWorkExperienceScheme(SIWES)isaneffectiveavenueorganizedtoexposestude
ntstotherealitiesoftheworkenvironmentinNigeriaandtheworldatlarge.Ithelpstobroadenthestudent’s
knowledgeintheirchosenprofessionssoastoachievethemuchneededtechnologicaladvancementforth
enation.Togiveanaccountoftheactivitiescarriedoutduringthescheme,thetraineesubmitsa technicalre
port stating, indetailsall the knowledge and experience gained.Thisreportgives a detailed explanat
ion of all theactivities carriedout by the trainee.Attheendofitall,conclusionsaredrawn,andreportsar
emadeonhowtheseactivitiescarriedouthavetrained themind of thetrainee intheirfields.
 TABLEOFCONTENTS

COVERPAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEGMENTS

DECLARATION

ABSTRACT

TABLEOFCONTENTS

CHAPTERONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1OVERVIEWOFTHESIWES

1.2OBJECTIVESOFSIWES

1.3IMPORTANCEOFSIWES

1.4ROLESOFBODIESINVOVLEDINTHEMANAGEMENTOFSIWESPROGRAMME

CHAPTERTWO

THEORGANIZATIONOFATTACHNENT

2.1BRIEFHISTORYOFTHEORGANISATION

2.2DEPARTMENTINTHEMINISTRYANDTHEIRFUNCTION

CHAPTERTHREE

EXPERIENCEGAINED

3.1DUTIES,ACTIVITIESANDENGAGEMENTDURINGSIWES

3.2SITEINSPECTION

3.3LAYOUTDESIGN

3.4BUILDINGPLAN

3.5SITEPLANANDSITEDEVELOPMENTPLAN

3.6TRACINGOFSITEPLAN/LAYOUT

3.7OFFICEWORK
CHAPTERFOUR

CHALLENGESANDRECOMMENDEDSOLUTIONS

4.1CHALLENGESENCOUNTERED

4.2SOLUTION

CHAPTERFIVE

SUMMARY,CONCLUSION,RECOMMENDATION

5.1SUMMARY

5.2CONCLUSION

5.3RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCE

CHAPTERONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1OVERVIEWOFSIWES
IntheearlierstageofscienceandtechnologyeducationinNigeria,studentsweregraduatingfromtheirres
pectiveinstitutionwithoutanytechnicalknowledgeorworkingexperience.Itwasinthisviewthatstudent
sundergoingscienceandtechnologyrelatedcoursesweremandatedforstudentsindifferentinstitutionin
theviewofwideningtheirhorizonssoastoenablethemhavetechnicalknowledgeorworkingexperienceb
eforegraduatingfromtheirvariousinstitutions.
ThestudentindustrialWorkExperienceScheme(SIWES)wasestablishedbytheindustrialTrainingFun
din(ITF)1973toenablestudentsoftertiaryinstitutionhavebasictechnicalknowledgeofindustrialworks
baseontheircourseofstudybeforethecompletionoftheirprogramintheirrespectiveinstitutions.Thesch
emewasdesignedtoexposestudentstoindustrialenvironmentandenablethemdevelopoccupationalco
mpetenciessothattheycanreadilycontributetheirquotatonationaleconomicandtechnologicaldevelop
mentaftergraduation.
ThemajorbackgroundbehindtheembarkmentofstudentsinSIWESwastoexposethemtotheindustriale
nvironmentandenablethemdevelopoccupationalcompetenciessothattheycanreadilycontributetheir
quotatonationaleconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentaftergraduation.Themajorbenefitaccruingt
ostudentswhoparticipateconscientiouslyinStudentsIndustrialWorkExperienceScheme(SIWES)are
theskillsandcompetenciestheyacquire.Therelevantproductionskillsremainapartoftherecipientsofin
dustrialtrainingaslife-
longassetswhichcannotbetakenawayfromthem.Thisisbecausetheknowledgeandskillsacquiredthrou
ghtrainingareinternalizedandbecomerelevantwhenrequiredtoperformjobsorfunctions.
1.2OBJECTIVESOFSIWES
TheIndustrialTrainingFund’spolicyDocumentNo.1of1973whichestablishedSIWESoutlinedtheobj
ectivesofthescheme.Theobjectivesareto:
• Provideanavenueforstudentsinhigherinstitutionsofhigherlearningtoacquireindustrialskillsa
ndexperiencesduringtheircoursesofstudy.
 • Preparestudentsforindustrialworksituationsthattheyarelikelytomeetaftergraduation.
• Exposestudentstoworkmethodsandtechniquesinhandlingequipmentandmachinerythatmay
notbeavailableintheirinstitutions.
• Makethetransitionfromschooltotheworldofworkeasierandenhancestudents’contactforlaterj
obplacements.
• Providestudentswiththeopportunitiestoapplytheireducationalknowledgeinrealworksituatio
ns,therebybridgingthegapbetweentheoryandpractice.
• Enlistandstrengthenemployers’involvementintheentireeducationalprocessthroughSIWES
1.3IMPORTANCEOFSIWES
• Itprovidesstudentswithanopportunitytoapplytheirtheoreticalknowledgeinreallifesituations
.
• Itexposesstudentstomorepracticalworkmethodsandtechniques.
• Itstrengthens linksbetween theemployers,universitiesandindustrial trainingfund(ITF)
• Italso prepares thestudents forthelabour marketafter graduation.

1.4ROLESOFBODIESINVOLVEDINTHEMANAGEMENTOFSIWESPROGRAMME
TheFederalGovernment,theIndustrialTrainingFund(ITF),theSupervisingAgencies–
NationalUniversitiesCommission(NUC),theNationalBoardforTechnicalEducation(NBTE),Nation
alCommissionforCollegesofEducation(NCCE),EmployersofLabourandInstitutionshavespecificro
lesassignedtotheminthemanagementoftheSIWESProgramme.Therolesareasfollows:-
FederalGovernment
• ToprovideadequatefundstotheIndustrialTrainingFundthroughtheFederalMinistryofIndustri
esfortheScheme.
• TomakeitmandatoryforallMinistries,companiesandParastatalstoofferplacesfortheattachme
ntofstudentsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofDecreeNo.47of1971asamendedin1990.
TheIndustrialTrainingFund(ITF)
TheFundisto:
• FormulatepoliciesandguidelinesonSIWESfordistributiontoalltheSIWESparticipatingbodie
s,institutionsandcompaniesinvolvedinthescheme.
• Regularlyorganizeorientationprogrammesforstudentspriortotheirattachment,
• ReceiveandprocessMasterandPlacementListsfromtheInstitutionandSupervisingAgencies,i.
e.(NUC,NBTE,NCCE);
• DisburseSupervisoryandStudentsallowances
• OrganizebiennialSIWESNationalConferenceandAnnualSIWESReviewMeeting;
• Provideinsurancecoverforstudentsonattachment;
• Providelogisticsandmaterialsnecessaryforeffectiveadministrationofthescheme,suchdocum
entsas–ITFForm8,ITFForm8AtheSPE1andSIPAforms.
• Ensurethevisitation(tours)ofITFofficerstotheSupervisingAgencies,Institutions,Employers
andstudentsonattachment.
• Vetandprocessstudents’logbooksandITFform8.
Thesupervisingagencies(NUC,NBTEANDNCCE)
TheseAgenciesareto:
• EnsuretheestablishmentandaccreditationofSIWESUnitsininstitutionsundertheirjurisdiction
;
• Directfortheappointmentoffull-timeSIWEScoordinators
• EnsureadequatefundingoftheSIWESunitsinalltheinstitutions.
 • Vetandapprovemasterandplacementlistsofstudentsfromparticipatinginstitutionsandforward
sametotheITF;
• Develop,monitorandreviewjob-
specificationsincollaborationwiththeinstitutionstowardsthemaintenanceofNationalminimu
mAcademicStandardforalltheprogrammesapprovedforSIWES
• LiaisewithITFandparticipateinthebiennialSIWESNationalConferenceandotherrelevantSI
WESseminars,conferencesandworkshops.
• Continuouslymonitorandreviewthejobspecificationsofallthecourses
• ResearchintothedevelopmentofSIWESinlinewithadvancesintechnologicaldevelopment;
• RegularlyreviewcoursesqualifiedforSIWESincollaborationwithotherbodies;
• LiaisewiththeITF,toensuretheimplementationofallFederalGovernmentpoliciesontheschem
e.

Theinstitutions
TheInstitutionsareto:
• EstablishSIWEScoordinatingUnitswithaSeparateAccount,adequatelystaffedandfundedtoe
nsureeffectiveoperationoftheScheme.
• AppointSIWEScoordinators,andsupportingstaff.
• PrepareandsubmitsixcopiesofMasterListsnotlaterthan31stMarchandsixcopiesofPlacementl
istsnotlaterthan31stMayofeachSIWESyeartotheITF.Allsubmissionsmustbemadethroughth
eSupervisingAgencies.HowevertwoadvancedcopiesshouldbesenttotheITF.
• Applyjob-
specificationsaspreparedforalltheaccreditedcoursesandawardappropriatecreditunitsinaccor
dancewithFederalGovernmentminimumacademicstandardguidelines;v)Identifyplacement
opportunitiesforstudents’attachmentwithEmployers;
• Supervisestudentsattheirplacesofattachmentandsigntheirlog-books;
• OrganizeorientationcoursesincollaborationwiththeITFfortheirstudents;
• SubmitcomprehensivereportsontheschemetoITFthroughtheirSupervisingAgenciesonITFF
orm8Aattheendofeveryyear’sprogramme.
• EnsurepaymentofoutstandingallowancesandrenderallreturnstotheITFduringtheSIWESyear
.
• SubmitallcompletedITFform8tothenearestITFAreaOffice.
Theemployers
• Tocollaboratewiththeinstitutionsinthepreparationofjobspecificationsfortheapprovedcourse
sforSIWES;
• ToacceptstudentsforIndustrialAttachmentasstipulatedinITFDecreeNo.47asamended(1990)
.
• Toprovidewelfareservices–
e.g.medicationandpayforhospitalizationofstudentswhileonattachmentwhenevertheneedaris
es;
• Toparticipatefullyintheassessmentofprogrammes/
studentsbycompletingthenecessaryinstruments–e.g.ITFform8,logbooketc.
• Toallowstudentshaveaccesstotheirfacilities;
• ToappointanIndustry-basedSupervisorforstudentsonattachment.
Thestudents
 • Toattendinstitution’sSIWESorientationprogrammebeforegoingonattachment.
• TobeobedienttoconstitutedauthoritiesandadherestrictlytoallrulesandregulationsoftheOrgan
izationwherethestudentisattached.
• Toberegularandpunctualatrespectiveplacesofattachment.
• Toavoidchangeofplaceofattachment,exceptinspecialcircumstanceswhichmustbedetermine
dandapprovedbytheirinstitution’ssupervisor,theemployerandtheITF;
• TocompleteSPE–1formandgetitendorsedbytheiremployerswhowillforwardsametotheITF;
• Torecordalltrainingactivitiesandotherassignmentsinthelog-bookandcompleteITFForm-
8toensureproperassessments.
• Tobediligent,honest,conscientious,takeprideintheprotectionofemployerspropertythrougho
uttheattachmentperiod.

CHAPTERTWO

THEORGANIZATIONOFATTACHMENT

2.1BRIEFHISTORYOFTHEORGANISATION
TheOgunStateUrbanandRegionalPlanningBoard,aparastataloftheministryofurbanandregionalplan
ning,cameintoexistenceon12thJuly2005asaresultoftheenactmentofogunstateurbanandregionalplan
ninglawNO20of2005.TheofficeislocatedbesideIRSoffice,okemosan,abeokuta,ogunstate.
Plate1.1Abeokutazonaltownplanningoffice Source :GoogleEarth,2023.

2.2FUNCTIONOFABEOKUTALZONALTOWNPLANNINGOFFICE
Theministryishighlyatechnical/
Professionalwhichdealswithallaspectofthemanagementandcontroloflandswithinthestateforthebene
fitofallNigerian’s.Thisfunctionisundertakenwithaparticularreferencetodesignatedurbanareasinthes
tatethroughacombinationofprofessionaloperatingtogether.Thebasicfunctionsoftheministryareasfol
lows;
• Execution,administeringandenforcingtheprovisionofthetownthroughplanning
• Tomonitorthemannerofutilizationanddevelopmentoflandbyvariousministriesandorganizati
onstoensurecompliancewithnationalpolicies,standardsandplans.
• Inspectionandmonitoringalllandbaseddevelopmentsinthestatetoensurethatconformtoappro
veplanningschemes,lawsandregulations.
• Tocontrol,monitor,coordinatephysicalandregionaldevelopmentpoliciesandplans.
• Itservesasadvisorybodytothegovernorofthestateonmattersconcerninglandmanagerialissues
.
2.2DEPARTMENTSINTHEMINISTRYANDTHEIRFUNCTIONS
TheministryofAbeokutazonaltownplanningofficehasfour(4)departmentsnamely:
• Landsdepartment
• Physicalplanningdepartment
• Surveydepartmentand
• Administrativedepartment
Thefunctionsofthedepartmentdiffersbutarecomplimentaryinnature
• AdministrativeDepartment:ittakeschargeofalladministrativeactivitiessuchaspersonneldutiesw
hichhastodowithorganization,coordinationanddirectingactivitiesofalldepartmentswhichhastod
owithReceive,controlandrecordofmoney,maintenanceofproperties,safeguardingofasset,payme
ntofmoney,receivingmails,publicrelations,andlegalmatters,disciplineofstaffandgeneralwelfare
ofthestaffoftheministry.
• Physicalplanningdepartment:Thisdepartmentisresponsibleformattersrelatingtophysicaldevelo
pmentandorderlinessoflanduseinruralandurbanareas,inordertohaveaconduciveworkingenviron
ment.Amongthefunctionsandresponsibilityofthephysicalplanningdepartmentintheministryare:
• Tomonitorthemannerofutilizationanddevelopmentoflandbyvariousministriesandorganizati
onstoensurecompliancewithnationalpolicies,standardsandplans.
• Inspectionandmonitoringalllandbaseddevelopmentsinthestatetoensurethatconformtoappro
veplanningschemes,lawsandregulations.
• Preparationoflayoutplans,siteplans,buildingplansforprivateandpublicorganizations
• Tocontrol,monitor,coordinatephysicalandregionaldevelopmentpoliciesandplans.
• Itservesasadvisorybodytothegovernorofthestateonmattersconcerninglandmanagerialissues
.
• Surveydepartment:thisdepartmentischargedwith:
• Checkingandexaminationoffieldsurveydata.
• Demarcationandsurveyoffieldofstudy.
• Preparationofbillofquantity
• Productionofmapsandplansforprocessing/
finalchartingofapplicationforonwardplanningrecommendation.

• Landdepartment:thelandsdepartmentisconcernedwith:
• Valuationoflandedproperties
• Landadministrationandmanagement.
• Advisingthegovernmentofthestateonlandmatters.
 CHAPTERTHREE

EXPERIENCEGAINED

3.1DUTIES,ACTIVITIESANDENGAGEMENTDURINGSIWES
Thethree(3)monthsperiodofindustrialattachmentwiththeministryoflandsandphysicalplanningLafia
wasindeedgreatandasuccess.ThroughthisperiodoftrainingIwasexposedtorealpracticalofUrbanand
RegionalPlanningprofession,apartfromhandlingplanninginstrumentsliketape,scalerule,compass,G
PSamongothers,Iwasexposedtomanyactivitieswhichareheightedhereafter.
• SiteInspection
• LayoutDesign
• Buildingplans
• Siteplanandsitedevelopmentplans
• Officework

3.2SITEINSPECTION
SiteinspectionisoneofthemanyactivitiesIgainedexperiencedfromduringmySIWESprogramme.Site
inspectionistheexaminationofsiteofinteresttocheckthefeaturesanddevelopmentwithinandaroundth
esitetoensurethateverydevelopmenttakesplaceinaccordancetotownplanningstandards.Insiteinspect
ion,theinspectormusttakenotethenatureofdevelopment,accessibility,intendedlanduseandadjournin
glandusesamongothers.However,themainaimofsiteinspectionisdeterminethesite;
• Compatibilityand
• Conformity
Compatibility:Compatibilityisseenas“aconditioninwhichlandusesorconditionscancoexistinrelativ
eproximitytoeachotherinastablefashionovertimesuchthatnouseorconditionisundulynegativelyimpa
cteddirectlyorindirectlybyanotheruseorcondition.”Duringsiteinspection,areinspectedsiteareinspec
tedwhethertheyarecompatiblebyfunction,bysimilarityofimpact,bydensityorintensity.Accessibility,
topography,terrainetc.ofasitearealsoinspectedtoseeiftheyarecompatiblewiththeintendedlanduse.
Conformity:Conformityinlanduseplanningistermedascompliancewithconventions,rulesorlaw.Du
ringsiteinspection,sitesareinspectedwhethertheyconformwiththeintendedlanduseappliedfor.
Duringsiteinspection,siteinspectorsareexpectedtomakeasketchofthesiteandmakeuseofsiteinspectio
nform.Siteinspectionformisaformthatcontainsinformationofthesitethatisinspected,Thesiteinspecti
onformconsistsofthefollowing:
• Generalaspect
• Physicalcharacteristicsofthesite
• Remark
• Generalaspect
Thisportionoftheformconsistofthefollowing
• Nameofapplicant
• Addressofapplicant
• Locationofdevelopment
• Physicalcharacteristicsofthesite
Thisportionismadeupofthefollowing:
• Sizeofplot
• Accessibilityofthesite
• Requiredroadwidth,setbackfromroad,recommendedsetbackanddistancefromcenter
ofproperty.
• Utilityservices/reservationsaffectingthesite.
• Landuseapplied:intendedlanduseanditscompatibilitywithadjourninglanduses
• Remark
Inthissectionoftheform,theinspectionofficerisexpectedtostateclearlywhethertheapplicationisrecom
mendedtoproceedornotandgivehisremarks.
Duringtheperiodofmyindustrialtraining,togetherwiththestaffoftheministry,weinspectedalotofsitelo
catedatadigbe,abeokuta,ogunstate.
Plate3.1:AsketchofaSiteInspectionSource:Fieldwork,2022.

3.3LAYOUTDESIGN
Layoutdesignaccordingtomyindustrialbasedsupervisorentailssub-
divisionofapieceoflandintovariousplotssizesandlandusessuchasresidential,commercial,industrial,i
nstitutionalamongothers.
Asatraineeintownplanning,Iwasexposedtolayoutdesigningasaprerequisiteofbecomingatownplann
er.Instrumentssuchasdrawingboard,T-
square,pencils,papersheets,rotarypens,eraseretc.andcomputerapplicationlikeAutoCADareusedinp
reparinglayoutplans.Themostanticipatedformoflayoutdesignistheresidentiallayout.
Residentiallayout
Residentiallayoutinvolvestheurbandesignplanning,engineering,landscapingandarchitecturaldrawi
nginanarea.Residentiallayoutiscarriedoutbyspecializedandqualifiedprofessionalsinthefieldofurba
nandregionalplanning,engineering,sociology,architectureandgeographyamongothers.
Table3.1landallocationinresidentiallayout
S/N Landuse Percentageallocated
1 Residential 50–60
2 Commercial 3–5
3 Rightofway 15–25
4 Recreational 6–8
5 Facilities,utilitiesandservices 10–15
Source:Obateru,2003.

Classificationofresidentialdensity
Basicallywehavethreetypesofresidentialdensitynamely:
• HighDensity:Theseareasareusuallyoccupiedbylowincomeearners.Itmayconstitute50%ofth
etotalpercentageallocatedtoresidentialarea.Itischaracterizedbyghettoesandslumsmostcases
.Itsplotsarecategorizedas15mx30m2.Mostofthepeoplewithinthislimitlackproperknowledge
ofplanning.
• Mediumormisleddensity:theseareascompriseofmediumincomeearnerswithaffordableapart
ment.Itsplotsarecategorizedas20x30m2.
• Lowdensityareas:theseareascompriseoflowincomeearnerswithsingleanditssizesarecategori
zedas20x50m2.
Table3.2Residentialdensityandtheirplotsizes
S/N Residentialdensity Plotsize

1 Highdensity 18*25
15*30
20*30
2 Mediumdensity 25*35
35*40
30*40
3 Lowdensity 30*40
35*40
35*45
Source:Obateru,2003.
 Plate3.3:AproposedresidentiallayoutplanSource:Fieldwork,2017.

3.4BUILDINGPLAN

Theattentionofclients,architectsandusersismorefocusedontheoverallqualitiesmanifestedbyaggrega
tesofbuildingsandpartsofcitiesasbeingmoresignificantthanindividualstructures.Asthetotalbuilding
stockgrows,conservingbuildingandadoptingthemforchangesinusehasbecomemoreimportant.
Abuildingisaplanmadebyarchitectureforaproposedstructurewhichhelpsindisplayingtheaccuracyoft
hestructure.Architecturalbuildingconsistsofthefollowing:
• Floorplan.
• Elevations
• Sectioning
• Roofplan
• Sitedevelopmentplan
• Doorsandwindowsschedules
• Mechanicalandengineeringplans
Floorplan:it’saplanofbuildingdrawntoscaleasifviewedfromabove.Thefloorplanisexecutedatthefo
undationlevel.
Elevation:Elevationisknownastheapproachviewofthebuilding.Itconsistsofthefrontview,thebackor
rearviewandsiteview.
Roofplan:It’sthepatternwhichtheroofisslated.Itconsistsoftheroofdesign.
Doorsandwindowsschedules:Itdealswiththeformationofdoorsandwindowsandhowtheyshouldbes
wing.

Plate3.4:AproposedbuildingplanSource:Fieldwork,2023.

3.5SITEPLANANDSITEDEVELOPMENTPLAN
Siteplansandsitedevelopmentplansarenecessarydocumentsinprocessinganycommercial,industrial,
residentialorotherlanduses.Theplansareusefultoplanningauthorities,consultants,individualsandbui
ldersamongotherswhocontributeinonewayortheotherintheimplementationandmanagementofanyde
velopmentalprojects,thisisbecauseitgivesthenecessaryinformationaboutthewholelayoutatthemarco
levelanddwellingplotsatthemicrolevel.Therefore,duringmyindustrialattachmentIwasinvolvedinthe
designingofsiteplansandsitedevelopmentplanstoaccompanysomeapplicationmostlycertificateofoc
cupancy.Thus,siteplanensuresfunctional,confortableandaestheticenvironmentandshowsthelocatio
nandsizeofstructuresinthesiteandtheirexactdimensionposition.
 Plate
3.5:AProposedSiteplanSource:Fieldwork,2017.

3.6TRACINGOFSITEPLAN/LAYOUT
Thetracinginvolvesreproductionofplansorlayoutontracingpapers,polyesterandratingfilmsortracing
clotheswithaviewtoeitherupdatinganexistingmaps/planlayoutormakinganextracopy.
3.7OFFICEWORK
DuringmyindustrialattachmentIwasengagedinlotsofofficeamongwhichare
• Recordingofincomingandoutgoingfiles
• Arrangementoffiles
• Plottingofsurveyeddata
• Chartingofplots
• Transferoffiles
CHAPTERFOUR
CHALLENGESANDRECOMMENDEDSOLUTIONS

4.1CHALLENGESENCOUNTERED
ForthethreemonthsIspendwithAbeokutacentralzonaltownplanningofficeasastudentonindustrialtrai
ning,ImosthumblystateherethattheMinistrymostespeciallythephysicalplanningdepartmentoffered
meagreatpotentialtodevelopmyselfboththeoreticallyandpractically.However,itisnottosaythatthemi
nistryhasnoshortcomings.
Thefollowingaresomeofmyobservationsandproblemsencounteredduringmystayattheministry:
 • Students’lackofinteresttowardIndustrialWorkExperience:Thisoftenmanifestsinthenon-
provisionofadequateinformation,non-
participationintheorientationprogrammeandthesubsequentindustrialtraining,non-
submissionofthelogbooks,form8andthetechnicalreportandthenon-
participationintheSIWESseminarbystudents.Alsomanystudentsdonottaketheschemeveryse
rious.Someregarditasamereholidayjob.Theonlycomeinfortheirmonthlyallowancewithoutre
gardtotheobjectivesforwhichtheschemewasset.
• Lackofadequateandenoughstaffmostespeciallyinthephysicalplanningsectionwhichhasledto
toomuchworkloadtostaffandslowprocessingofofficework.
• Harassmentbylaborersanddevelopersonsite.Thisismorebecomingtheorderofthedayandthes
afetyofstaffisnotguaranteewhichleadtoinabilitytoexecuteprojectsaccordingtostandards,law
sandregulations.
• Lackofadequatetoolsforwork:planspreparationhavebeenupgradedtodigitalwhichisagoodbo
asthoweverthecomputerscarryoutsuchtasksarelimited.
• Theconditionofsomeoftheblocksoftheofficebuilding,
(mostespeciallythephysicalplanningblock)isinadeterioratedcondition.
• LackofinterestonthepartofIndustrialandInstitutions’StafftowardtheSupervisionofIndustrial
WorkExperience:Staffdetailedtogototheindustriestosupervisestudentsoftenfailtodoso.Staff
appearstobemoreinterestedinthesupervisionallowancethantheperformanceoftheactualsuper
vision.Somecollectthestudents’logbookswhenthesestudentshavecomebackfromtheirindust
rialtrainingandsimplyconcoctentriesandsign.
• Non-
ProvisionofAllowancetoallStaff:SIWESsupervisioninvolvesmorephysicalvisittoorganizati
ons,alotofinitialpreparation,collationanddocumentationofdata,monitoringandassessmentof
staff,studentsandorganizationsandcompilationandprocessingofresultsandtheservicesofothe
rlecturers,HeadofDepartment/
DirectorsofSchoolsareinvolved.Notallthestaffthatparticipatedinonewayortheotherispaid.T
histherefore,affectstheeffectivenessofsupervisionexerciseaseachlecturerissupposedtovisitt
heattachmentaboutthreetimes.
4.2SOLUTION
Baseontheaboveproblemsobserved,Ithereforeprofersolutionandrecommendthefollowing,whichto
mybeliefifimplementedwillimproveandadequatelyprovidegoodandconduciveatmosphereforgood
workintheministryoflandsandphysicalplanningLafia.
• Noorganizationwillsucceedorreachedadesiredpeakwithoutadequateandenoughprofessional
stohandlethework.Sothetownplanningsectionshouldemployenoughprofessionalsthatwillw
orktoensureagoodandadequatestandard.
• Securitypersonnelshouldbeattachedtositeinspectorssoastomaintainlawandorderonthesite.
• BetterFunding/
FundingofSupervisionExercise:Fundingofresearchanddevelopmentcentersandsupervision
allowancesarenecessarybackboneofanytruedevelopmentinIT.ThemainaimofSIWESisinits
practicalcontent.Everystudentmustthereforebeexposedtoallavenuesofobtainingthispractica
ltraining.Also,effortmustbemadetoinvolvedallrelevantstudentsintheindustrialtrainingallow
ances.
• .SponsorshipfromIndustries:Industries/
companiesshouldsponsorprogrammesthatwilldevelopSIWES,knowingfullythatawelldevel
 opprogrammeistotheadvantagesofthenationandtheindustriesthemselves.Thisisbecausethos
ewhowillbenefitfromsponsorshipwilleventuallyusehumancapitalinthemtodevelopthenatio
n.
• Moreworkingmachinespreciselycomputersshouldbeprovidedintheministrysincetheyhaveg
onedigital.Thiswouldmakeofficeactivitiesmoreefficientandreliable.
• Enlightenmentcampaignsandorientationonthedangersofnotadheringtobuildingstandardssh
ouldbedonetothepublicforpeopletoknowthebenefitofadheringtostandardsandtoabidebyit
• Officeblocksshouldbevisitedandrenovatedregularlysoastoprovidesafetyandmotivatethestaf
ftofeelcomfortabletodoagoodwork.
• I.T.FshouldatleastgiveSIWESstudentallowancewhileonindustrialtrainingtoassistthemwitht
heirneedsparticularlytransportationfares.

CHAPTERFIVE
SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONANDRECOMENDATION
5.1SUMMARY
Havingreadthroughinbetweenthelinesandpagesofhisreport,onewillacceptthattheimportanceofindu
strialattachmentwhichwasintroducedinthe70scannotbeoveremphasizeasitplaysavitalroleinbridgin
gthegapbetweentheoreticalandpracticalaspect.
Theschemewhichwasintroducedyearsagohasinmyopinionturnouttobeagreatheighttohighereducati
oninNigeriagiventhepresentstateofthenation’seducationalsector;Ihadtheopportunityofacquainting
myselfwithmanyexperiencesandplanningtechniqueswhichdevelopedmyskillsinplanningfieldandd
evelopment.IfeelelatedaboutthisschemeandIthinkthisschemeisworthcontinuing.
5.2CONCLUSION
Finally,thesuccessoftheschemeascouldbeseenisdependentontheMinistries,IndustrialTrainingFund,
Institutions,EmployersofLabourandthegeneralpublicinvolvedinthearticulationandmanagementofit
.Itispertinenttomentionthattheschemeisaimedatpromotingthemuch-desiredtechnologicalknow-
howfortheadvancementofthenation.Thislaudableschemeamongstotherswillsurelydevelopthemuch
-neededwellskilledandarticulatedlabourforcerequiredtobuildanindigenousself-
relianteconomyenvisagedforNigeria.Ithinkonceagainitisappropriatetothankthevirtueofthisscheme.

5.3RECOMMENDATION
Foreffectiveperformanceofstudentsintheirvariousfieldsofstudyandtoavoididealnessandredundanc
ythefollowingwererecommended;
• Thegovernmentandrelevantstakeholdersshouldbraceuptotheneedforsupportingtheschemet
hroughprofessionalandfinancialencouragement.
• StudentsonSIWESshouldbesupervisedatleastthree(3)timesduringindustrialtrainingtomake
surethatthestudentisontherighttract.
• Adequatetrainingfacilitiesshouldbeprovidedtoensuresuccessfultrainingforstudentonindust
rialtraining.
• GovernmentandalliedstakeholdersshouldimplementtherealobjectivesofSIWESasprovided
intheITFdocumentandthesuggestionshighlightedabove,sothatthestudentsoftechnology,en
 gineeringandrelatedcourseswillgreatlybenefitwithpracticalskills.

REFERENCE

FederalGovernmentofNigeria(2004).NationalPolicyonEducation(4thedition),Lagos:NERDCpress
Yaba,Lagos.

ITF(2002).InformationandGuidelineforStudentsIndustrialWorkExperienceScheme.Jos,Plateau:IT
FPublishers.

ITF(2011).Anevaluationoftheimpact(SIWES)ontechnicalskilldevelopmentinNigeria.AJointStudy
byITFandUniversityofJos.

NCCE(2008).MinimumStandardsforNigeriaCertificateinEducation(4rdEd.).DepartmentforAcade
micProgramme:Garki,Abuja..

ObateruO(2003).SpacestandardsforurbandevelopmentpenthousedevelopmentsNigeria