Data Spicture ¢ ° : , { 3 tovage oc soaqenizarion oP data 19 Suc aA way 4 : . x ¢ What ie hy paay to arenaw, cere, operate an iy OF cheney ClastiGenl | ec w DoD “Pee i: 7 Lincar Date shruemec apt lon- Vator ora shucmet. aement aan eve “ek most” An elemant cag hee BR onelshbouss Oe . _ ., re et ee oe ee Axvoys “est . ori ne raighlors ob Dl, ss yo Linked Usig co or 2 we 4 Choy, 09. possilole) Bo Y Tee — bees lata free . nai gh bows ) stacks : bbineey seacch Wee Yeap Ave pee Ae. s L SY Topic - Heahio g ? Graph Sometimes a Non-liea obta Ghuchwe anighr BEHAVE. Vee a Lieeor deve Smicure, eg. A wee Whee each Pet has ely wight “chill docs pet hoe Jets chilal, when 't behaves Vike a Ninked list, D 3 TdEaliecrien oh similar Wpe ab elemenrs Cay. 3 Clemente are stored one ater another , Nader arts feom een, Cope lative Meooleeoeing $9 abe mejor Doepese , > Random Aecess CAdwardare OF Array) (ucny Inder) Piece the plemeny iy Canstaor Vow, i > Cocke Fuentes> bi. | 000 = iar A Cred ink > + bytes, ‘ace te ee ees ay Wwe, tag (Voor ee Ne me 18 9 ele B WO te 200 (twelh.,. irene of APD (000 CR ne lel, ie 1000) » 2004004 * Mdcene of A \ = 10 I pag =] - 1o00 48 = 1008 ine i +1 fo many clement D dv 4), GBD) Weeney ENC teat } Jy Meal each elerant beleee ACI ee ey bye ® Ir 4 v Byles Adeles= (63 Bee Mey IT Betere ATCT Finder 9 1057 © 6x4 = 24 byes = See Tina 6 MY (ater ae : =\ast- Ger +1 ( D> Neos 24 wud beh. + men Frag 00. ¥2 [abe con dart from an -20 oS = 30. nO ew —620)4 e2hS Ale. ACY) Lanta: tue! : “eer asl lM 5004 30 = OSyemets Mreody Bed bebe ACSI = -20 tw -€6 FR leg ative Incdlexes ar =e ~6~(-20) +] Dea tble 19 Data sbhucturcs 2 1S elements (Peoreorically) pena ‘a ‘ eee Pm) = Adetrest loack woroling~ cota & Cp-\) = Name deetune t= 2 ole mnefs ? PTC < S —aletd—vieat) \ = o tle ae) ao | You ALol DB elements Vlaw Av Oe | —at- Oy S I 2D- Aacory Rew-wise shove Colump—wie store Row ~ mejor erdee (RM) columa -era or order , } 0 ‘ a s jor of23 Gm p\aee Oo: Gon Ces BO Feed inden = 4. elemarts law @ Ae Os G20 Oey Car hes evew wih iede-D7]oeu with Laden #17 peeve with tacts 28 a, | Goa Ar | ~ dd Canad =2 On Og} Op [Aro fos Cus| Aso @Noe. & elements Drows S Vxf elements: altady Tiled Whore OAc’ Aa.g v0 vow sth toate Th olemenrs 2. = 3 elements adeady Lg Qos Ditows enony rae aera Fed before yow wr inden Qo = 2We — bytes , Clements, before Aras |! elemenrs . Tomer 7 abeody Mead wel Aas= p] eqs 44 by es Jos bytes] a, dae. Calas) 5 Me4q 1902) C --( Ora) _— Ino nae = 10 tF Qe ww ales we kplea, eA = 1900 addCa ves 2? etere inhi gow whose Refs O52=3 roan Seen ee ee inder is 3, the 0. ah de . adem, alread “ red MN = % 7 7 tle a ed bt Smee Soy Fied vefse dso. = 2x5 42219 \edee S = O-be 2 = Cal with jadey On] cements alsa, = 2-04) = Brug = OF 1 = 2 eherey Fred - _ Meme dandy & O\cch Lefve apa = 17842 68 by tes nde J oP 4 tyeal ase 2D \oo +69 Sloee on) pee a rae es (--DH) @ a05..8) C..3) we Dbyies 8 Az1008 , act 2D CoGiI0D How nay done filled Waichin vow wir Sedge | b¢ ror “whe |= Sto 0 te Sp atewets Ried Vem | -O7(S) +1 = tole with Lades = 3 = 6 rows. > OFGS4) =F A Pebre Gy = © vows DH deuts adecaly Qed, =6R A + 4 AL+4 = 46 clemets alt a clemevts/ . / ' cl. in cach ow aw size Wer, abveads Filed be fae ay, - 46 x Ze gr Bytes add CaCi3 OI) = BA+ Mem. Med delve an lOO 3S 2. = loJ2y "aL PPSEN TD ONT gad cai; 2, Cuelid_tor ince cron 0 caly) pre hil ee / Drews ready Aled @ jain Wh oso, ele marks pete vow with Indie ahead, elied bePove aij ae ee = col with index Ove (-| rio) erp Ot) = | Shere =} Rows Wy co Toral elenerts +i TAN Uy aicaby feiteet ~ Cixi] elemek size 4 cach ch = WwW bytes jem. precdy Bed = Linntja ** loypres , HAs “a ‘ Ne add Cay) BAF CixNti) =? Le inden Findon | toe comes 1 | re ered Ge | BD Aetey C4] Row Majer onder. ie aC2V ESTES D 20 ewop ACAI EIT ne cal { ‘ * Diwesions PROT (Pine per reese lel rap eNO» Kater ald Lay> at eI 409 Cet & ato I> —4 ance a } “ates ip © . & ra =int @(30 C47 O59 ———e a e a Non, ae Nery Indes io Boe ites Nee is Sieation | ake! atmen elon sateen pee ee reyes ant clone repecseor Lhe ae = & cNerents cle men ts 2. size 4) yhis Mmension is ; | The ectves ob © Q.RMO, wes Ljtes, B.A += 1000 1S next Moension atsicsitsd Ge. 4x5) Add Cares) o. Sel) 5 Hove mam) cats = Ow 1. : JHO+l= 2 mmames wes BNed before inex Bin |p Sine each pabix= SxS DP 2XSxT, sort: fe Frew many clewets. EMed int" pevenion “| yn 3D > Ot ) =O re Lt 204 aaNet et oeay eee = Belews Tok de = aasxs) 4 (2*5) + 2S = 2 elects. \-> 2D . ord moms ENed= 48x q = 192 Ly HE held Caney © BAY + Tored vey Bed were ey sjoU2 AITD HP ITa Ladde CAC AE sears A(-o...S) 6-3. 231 Es.. 5) J, we Beye, BA +1000 | Toad cle Eee Ss {aden met = (Sx 70H CRANES Mprcset c Dell \ Men 7 ee } 42a ele Ce e Ly eed ee Pied Ae ~~ st tan. Reed size) 2=Sm-) ¥ ot fog « 2 (si2 sae ty sls a) > coe by vee « = = 5x71) 73 aM = )ooers4e Bes] Al DPelewevts —adhCAoye) = BA. FEE #1000! = (R846 7aay . t TE A Bers FJ Cates, Joy bal. 27 a Ss), wer? bytes = al Az (000 vw NN A edd 0 182) MS Back qadey wp resent 21 aD mabires if ashd\ 3D mamees, each veyresb po 2D eo Sn pte My ead wow aprcet WW cle ad CAcx33— an a es tore) 2 = aes vier y 3 eo Hs eT Brel dei Sar) FNS co MOD ede T1277 " Ee “M4 + 4yn 45 Ried = gosvnd : fe ev ele aan 3° = 8122 byes ald C Asia) = lo0e + 18122 (ens) = \g\ee ¥ aD o \ within column o, or AP JC33 © Javol aor onl ekrneats ave 2“) — \ lore) Qu} ee Billed covo-wiee > eee here Welt > colummause, oe. wr aCstcea, add Card) eT eye OP? AS same enomp “gdurons” | Aree 3 edlumas Oem. AReady Me aheady Bed WePore \ \ y 2 clement , 123 , = lle ( Gl. with index 2, ft de stored i = byes» = 3 Co \ aa See clumsy 3 clements/ alt Cas, WWwSs 3 ‘\ = B.A MP Within cls index 3 \ aoe (3x 3B)+2 \ F\QOO+ a How many elements A rons)® 3942 \ = 1044 Jaktade “ Qned bedtore cas =| elements 7a A elfas Ud [) C] J do Sig * no << CIC 3 ‘) ee ety ou t7 inde, =o = NxMMornin wi Y Spacse Matnx eex® 00, oh xevo’s « 5 . owes Telangalae matrix Ww) \dentiny enor nf Upper ea MP scalar matin, 47 pricdiagonal mode x Yrere Wenger motix — Um is a aquere mabix Cin jd where the entries ahove the main Manana) ove zed: [5 [on Jone] os: [2 [ass) Q. as SCs, add Cogs) oot ye Fes mone vows Ainhion row sth tedex 4 columns (erm BMed altady QMed bebe Semen, lee vee . ae res, Bs wth index Be ma £4 Weinenas add Cans) =\ pF = RA. + fh. :3 bows Tete) = GF2=2 clemants = 1000+ 32 = eB index abvady Rect. = (032 Th 4D AS = 6 elements, ATM => N xn add c Ay; Rous Mendy Biel : zindex | re “i-1 il ‘oder |, 2, By. Int 1 ee vb L : Ie ard ...40i-419 =SH ‘ B -=cd-pa > ci-D alemtars i , S, Ww) N a p= Tee >add Car) - |! To ithin ih vow , derents Sealy Ned betoe A | = Calr with lodan | vo =! = jo = G-) dements . | Terel ete, alread, @ . i; ead, Gted = 1a), cfr). Sizee Sytes al : qnem ebony si esleeie tel Ay ! ED 4 G0 Lye 2a . addy. CAtt) = o JT BAT Peep Med wefvee aj DTM pwr by te, BA=1000 ad , ACg...SJ 87-33 : ar Fs Bele add CA, oS ard che = Pe Rowe ed po ee eee ae 4 ; i a Sad tele BMed feller (tn ae = 6 vows =-) + -3 add CAy a= B.A EME ae 6 = ST ete $16.0 + $2 en saeae Size 2 byes = 10S LIM in as eal qoets 3 « [gs Qa 85, 94 yn Os, G, a 3 \asy 2s\t ' add Cage) 4 |94y Ve Ags 4 S . . cal, Aready feed \dirio cn eal sarah ol = Trl =3 mivder lw Bi iolendcel cal”, Pe as ate. already & , ; 44 & teeter el, ae! ae = eer 216 by = -4—-2" add Cag). B.A. rine = 7 elements 4B 2 \ heres >) ~ BA. “ ha Sols ON In CMO, Ai, i ) row -col* gees she nee Aan | Cements : bay ae Bred hectoue Enteral} Biv) etemor so “amended co\™ sowx “tS qa cay o Xe\ alee Fikeal ween 1,2,3---.J-) dex don + Nr) Sone te nnn NU a. 2 eee an, a SPN WE O3-1) Fo Ns Ne ey) , Sam sf 0 gems of : Col, Shee indie ets bom AP = NW [fist weer + Louk | L- = : a seem esp N Cj We NG? » fice Sn hee pe fol [Nt (ND + (N-2+.. 40>] +2) ] = Soh [rt osjry] Vv fot vane oe en pwiemig cols Maden of, cements alrecly Riedl werfore aij wreesst CJ) (Oh nly wil 3g Eo see Toned ements atady Qed = (=! [Ip + N-Y-D) JHC = [etfan-G-wI ton z = mCi) - GYPG-D + ci-p men Bel = Ce eay- Gd ep] w od Cais) = B.A. 4tME Linain diogendd cease Aiagimal 77 | 7? BA=1000 o Ags..3IEs 411, emo, LTM, Wel ep,” H add CAC3IC-13) _ vont ini we x Z ~ ele om Tole 1, ow CNW" abetad ne / a 7 -2/ % x © 2 6 00 Mary ow s / Gved seedy fied 2-Stp- 2 alx * * 9 ©4060 eye fia) s.2-64) olx «x * * S26 9 go awd J =X al CO) / Sianeg tz ue ee i ine / ODEO sk >>> Ons no x0 | ne [eturege Ot S's Femme Addy. te be ame 4 eas") Gow oo Rew des 222 elements Teta) cle Ried Le fore ° ra fom -3° CAs = 2 jdered cel ™ ros Ay 2 ZOT2 =A oy ! ot ee as

col" " are fs stostug Nnolesx b we «het in “4 nolex 7 Q unis le Srbrag- 2. aero eiewting index < cof ™ Shang trader, we adel the diflrence.) I LT Mm, comoSauce AMF where eries Jedemenrs \salos main 2 3 ‘ .em Vee os S\N oe i alo 98 aay Vow yp Brow | 2 3\8 e ot x, add Casq) Rm a os, add Cosg), REO Rows wih Sietunin fended cow 3, Toro) ele 10 re \- 5 2 rows he befor Ase mF = a name (er 5ele 24 = 4-3 GD add (4 4) = | clements a umm in RMO xn add £2 > Qed co # index Ye, a n anes DV tend} we (N14) a oo. wel co] enmes Cn) Wirbta ie ae oe y ts abreody ~ - [pecn-i+) | dlewen! - | w= Ci?) L pled aij G0 povks any when 1S) ebacts fom sand sober) po wey fled - =i [2n-G-2] + Y-0 ((-Dos ~ C299 4 cj -1) MF. = Terod ele mw tba) aS . * Eis le leg o S 33,» we = he, B A= 1000. me ado orm ne Here both Nn deaes gdect fom Save. adt CAo, a)add CA, Rowe Ened « Sy, sow 0, owes ae See ees ole pens) Total we +h eqn Rb 221092 47F boyy addv.(h,,) 2 1000 F474 = WTA, P YD yews yee a Qa sew SN Qs . Ru —5e9 nats gs RSsxeS ada Ca . pala Oe Oa} wie Gg) Oo | Oey | Ost] Life Bas 4 © Ost, Dye) Te Fla 3,4 Wo 8 6 an dace, © 0 0 ax e142 £34 42] Oelerrn FLO SA Eqvare mode ye on yo err Are, Blo, > =) Aegemal Syst oll cov : j je ie ey 3 Be abet rosin dingoan} foe ~ AEN Tecciegpeel main DD Jwr Velo enum A wal fh & dlewents on Aer eck # inlesh om my 2 oe : |? une es few remalaln vows =Cn-2)\o KT pele, aca ¢ Ba ~) moON bh Within + YOO, Aft ve fore Mee (- ¥N = Delewets Total ele = 242-10 Gene voleze lt AA PN-N - Mi dinged, RMmo, Res BMed elreil = Cin vows , an ea aie) ACT cs}? : aces: acd Aliades Jo element AL} <1" en wast cor k “Te Compleriyy = >. f arefoes Soe Tod 2 Delete leak clement aa weak edt ! LN No proble oy be} 4 ete } az n-\; 77 Sop (At] Ale J) Ge frled lary] a ele Oe stoap CAD, ACAI) Se ete TS Swop CAC, ATs) (ee [solsel 01% Jie] eel a eo 1 2 Ine 2 Ss. ote : “3 ; a) oP, eemaks Ale posite ic. Heee @ emenes WES peseah cg REET Se We neeate J _3_sweps Re 0 cements VQ n/a Fal | be sep (Ans AGI) itfsoc © 3 1 Gdet £, Cis, i< 2 ite) Swa. PCAC, A Co-i-17)5 ‘ wverse. Cint cw DJ, tak lew, nr hyh) ~ Wh < nigh ) Werle Ele " yewesse Ca, 2,6); wentrvec ( 4,0, 103 ~ 22 oa 4. Y (4,2, e4 gee a (9,0, £9; el=2 i Rotate yewcse (4, 9, J vs (Ret revere “A — SC 1 DO: revecce (4, d, - Ads Cveverce re mes) ay ye x veesse Go, nq) Cretse entire encoy) epee) | \ Bile" Hits Ds gest, Second leegeeh ele ia 227 sa) mers \ a © — en vt ® Jou (isd; ico; i++) FP Cane Ci Sere 2 (wae r J ore) { Ff Com Li > mo) maxsawtil; an fil l= c eI 7 Peat Waits u tnqe en mas 25 On Se wt) mee. BM now . ——_ ac[i Vive kino VE Can Ci] > max\) 20, = . peas an Max D> mar \> Sy omar | = aw tid: 2) else if (or tiqomave > arly thea Mage Da ow Ep 2 moe 2 yn || inkest Lis Stuct Shiden { int a) Shuce sito ® phys J; shite, ar sl, s2,S3: les v St pir address of ebutk shadene TRO variable” . A smorat. whee a puke, Sle pir = Qo » Sup s&s: Te 9 power te same type Ss. pe is 2 Sas pre =3fey of sam Chit Vowdadsle ; = 3 ’ $3. a A : wage’ \ntvtose[ Jectae size at Runtime, 37 pS MOL, Hers | a _pre a pe an aie 8. Le Jroce}—[aeT see | deol pve] feoo 2e00 7 3000 Linked lst te ts (0 Newer clara shachie which is a cellection L of elements colled nodes, \n. which every pede) cantatas Ddera iyaddvess of vec mde. Nede itsele 15 a callecrion st lif? Typer est elements Shucy NedeL " : : int dose’ Vol nash Com Map cod ghuck Node 4Ph? stucr ede trext / pres malloc (5 4 och Node (51) pts Ved main Lav = | shyck_ede g 7 I< Bes a Oe Inseer Creo) ae er Node 3 mel loc hep “Hae oushows Programaren Mode ae ’ Prot. Potter fo snutent. mich Ned2 ie r . ¥ Vvowerdle , (sireck C ane Nede))) nee mes ea 7 moe 2 er Ds dente OR PM ~pclater NI nee et Pr > next _a den next — ———_—_- el 4p [2000 } dem eset dete oe 4s > dora 21D jeoe [20] Seco [—> [se nec] a : 1 2006 - pre ext 2000 r a wl S000 ES fens within ha f SSiaeds : = s e (Sree um ree phe br Cpe maxt) 3 nent Speen et " New field etree ee 2h 2 pele f oldies Tow te access perk node? PRE PRS pet Shyer Node barn a Glebe, 7 STARE Add. oy jst re PI Node Bop) LLB ve fe note => STAN RT canst one 7 x vali} ncblreas CAN OS a go DAT snUu Sno SS T | svar — dara bok. data Wak Glare link dara Tinks (ie [2000 -}- — J goT s000-} > [Se] _Fe60-} Fo [et Be on sed 3000 ooo a OTraverest Oper? omer ec er No. : ne for, Va s strucr Nede Blink » ohne easton Cee 4 = ‘ Ved maindy we = SE svART = ‘was sf SCE Node RSTARTE WULLS Noid “asin f oy {= 1 — — Traveread CSTART) > raver eet ©; pe SPT 7 By gre 2 Cie Ned Tenweceat Conch Nie 4 Fe) Noid Teavecsad OL Se ctonenresh While CPre l= nw) t stick Note PIE; : pres sTART PF OLS Be dared,’ ne ‘wuLLd ut ae = nk; PF Chet” pre-scatad, _ pr = prraedink | ‘ a / wohle CPs) = While Pre )= ure)| Cuet se fea codes nla \® Gian Uy prinrtthe: data of | rere dein Vink claim Wade elie ivy I@Pior hak ede che | OSES i! | void prinelesr SOY Countnodet) { : Pade | shu cr / ine count = 0: on pees arnRT | Smuct Node Me Pie 5 \ecsqaet==nuu) Ze Node ie Say | Pes start; returns 17 we Nast Wade Teh Fs | Vaile C Pel = NULL) Vasile Cpe hake! = NULL) oy Keune f4 | Pte = pry link? PrrePe stink; Poy l= aa ; | prin Cohal, Cre dese) ;- return count, \5 to Ll. gall wt - ° Ensure thay if Gwere = now \\ START Vink == NULL) b aylecst 2 rab, veruen | exist ~ prs sTaRT; . Manite C Pr slink aliae PENDLL) ph = pro Nok; PHiotk Coy eat pir> data) - : 16 Wnt a Cede fe prick atierrete rede dhte inl fS OGien a Ufa ey, Pred crane : . eush W a — i wheter Key ts present in Lb wrth ate | Noid search Cint Vey) ne SRW iin 4. oe lpi = FS ale | Lsnuce Node *P¥=sTaer; frais AP eo While (Pw lene) - Sruce Node Pre = START; seliite (Fhe |= NULL fof preolink Lene) prvth Cid’ Pre> data) | F Cp datas = key) eal Yes"): Pie = ptr lok ink 5 eure: i ) $ ; if (Per = = NULL) | Pre pHs link: vehura; P+ Eno") | PR CEaT cosa ph Coa” Pirdota)’e \nsertion aNocate ' smuct Node ‘pH Pte matlee (size oP Csmucr Necte)) D Memory @lececr Ante key io shia gee aoole. pre dete = 00. pree does key, OWwrere to plare/insect this nocle « START pee asta link data_liok dare link - laser 100 else} fae [soon tage tel 2ST Ce 4 Q 7 ee Stuer Nede tpr / S\ dara ink NE pir = malloc (sizes 5000 L ee pie data =key ; Insesk os-begl key)! 2| a Nokes svart, TART = pre! 5 pret pe Noid Vin cert ak beg Gor key) ye .s 4 - “SZ Ziel samutr Nede *PH> Ren “aod Pe = motlc [iven? (omer NeAe) )3 a iL =u) I hemor * OHS Way tH Cet Hoe (tess sey = pre > deta = key} a Void mao pro Vink = stan 5} sr START = Pry 5 | START = loseet () a Kode F Josert iran (Stuer Node tstart, Tor key) >) Struc — srucre Nede * Pr} pre = malloc (— return | Pre|Now, Ascune START ie a loca) variable of mato Sooo START |se00-1 “R aor Hak data link dora Vink > { 10] ao00-|—y|20 | 000 -|- > Ye [weal 1080 Ned aia ©) & a Sbucr Node #START | | ~ = a “Ansed ar begin GAS TART, 120); 5 eee Mle oy 2 Roivtor var. Noid Insect _at-loegin (cree Node A Stack. tng k { ae : smcr Node Bprr ; | a - ; a (sae oh Cateye pact} paar Sb fost ont Pare cata = hey | povedih pres link = Asta rt 5 (#244 = \ cms vv 4 » (Red Coeses \faatshes alyec this coche) Kr\mserk 180 ar \ash roonese GM tis rode RO ott} Set \_s ane Jed "Skat Node temp, Oe: | sem Fem tite, “eae: malloc (ieedh (tow Nelo); WPrenp) \dhile CPi slink l= Ns ue) Aerap—2 clata= Vey : sep 3 link = wie; Pra = Phy Viale: iF CStrey © © pwr) a Starr =demp > PH Mink + Hemp ; ae yhpeo middle elemenr iq a Lbs (\o ahee ae tro mmdeidie N gales 1 Ente, when Nis even, Prine he second middle elements) nn yore x Runaten ger Made CD rich ther ¢ head yeferente as are eoly argument” and rent cetann the data pate of We Vieked Viet. ART (read). EERE e % . \wetks ent: cauor “ ce se nor Aes Pte = pres ARS ss zal Gg Pre Cevor= 5 / [ste A\nosboey Approsc Geunten Coto. = 2. nes prep ele Craig {fe nodes are st ws i Ar Sle Jot get Middle (node tsTART) ioe count = 0; a Shuck Medd ptr; Pr = START; VAlsile CP rr J NULL) 4 case2! ven des os I o~ OS Papp nit Aas Neu of £ & | in wer cases, slaw ple pein orig int gerMiddle (Nede thead ) comer Nede™ slow, Fast 5 Slew = beat Faak = beady iF Chead == NULL) Count +t 5 + prs ptrrs lok » fun = Count /2_ VF comply bey toe Ve etere as , 5 0 while Cask [= NDLL hf fast onexk ]> Nee forlie 6, i next Pit = ptr-> \ok ; \ 7 Raat = Gasy net pexts x vetun ptradlatas [ay rekucn slow pelectas } a Gere lake nent, START = sea} )Deletion e7Peletien ab 3 I; Peter Rom Enel SiN speworse HIV 2% dase “node. 8 Insert NULL ta ipeg Ree 2S on | “hee Alec deletion ALM cece, staRT | ° Phe= START; 7 a Pmmar pit Qn, WF (START > NULL) 4" Py return} Wve ss New) iF oy | elscil (stARTSrexb==NULL) core @ Pr mst; Sart =NuLL; 1 ee ee START « startet Pree C pred; J Neale a Fre Cpir) rere; JJ ve ts ME LL nas ome node + WC Reread seat |=pluus) a ered areal Fire Plronext; > Pele, Aa Se yah Sec *[ 2 nedes on pu tuar eeC Pr next) / ensured. ! STARFENTULL Pr next = NULL} Reverso} _] A) pane volnes[lara of LL. in Reverse deer. stay : Tileo “Soop. i or "g08 S00 cI we P Noid Prot(steuct Node pre) } TF Cone) t PRint ( Prronext)} pr Copa" ptr dad; 3: WY Compare Kan recreated sd rel as tbe only on gue oF cholA vet 9 heed ade, vevecel ay the Vist. Outpur 4 3 2)= = a ° “a las ve prev ee le Spucr Node*® veverseli cl Cstruct Nede hese!) Sucre Node eur, # prev, #NeX 5 iF (head == Nutt || Yead > pext == NULL) veturn head M1 0 wede ot 1 ede ~ do nothing prev= NULL; Curt = yead ) While Gr] = NULL) mex = Cun-yonexts save pext pole CUTCD next = prev 5 // yeverse Cencepr PYEV= Curr; urs nex; Yer prev; as ae — & Find whether thee is 9 lop fa tree LL ov not: bool deectLeop (Nete® heel) struct Nede *slow, #fast+ Slows fast = head 5 TE Chead == NULL) veturn false 5 While (fast = NOLL 2 8 fast > ect! = NUL) A Slows Slew Snextj fast = Last Sayext ext s FF Cslow == fast) yetuen ruc 5 yerum false 5)1 . ; a | & Find the mtree ction point Cif erists) ber” D ed lrere_y etu ahe valve at \etevsecrion pt: meee ad b wort |, (SOE See Rot = Alas ver (def? Wine) a ad 2 nae heed 4 hed on, Ales abs (4-24) oa bs ae 2 Zalmes LL4 he ite traverse in der ° a to meer LL, ab intersection Jor Totersect Point On ode * } Point, head, Nede™ heat 2) Vor APR, cA=0, c2=0, 13 Nede Kp tr Aeheadd, phy =head2 5 \shile Cptedd | clit 3 Find Neng +h ! pris pti > next; oy a while Cpr 2) 2445 bod rath 4 ae hoa nextes ACP was Ced ~ 02); Prd head 4; pr2= head 2) iP Ceti > ey 1) ts liyger t for Ciel; Ves AM, iad pid = pte > oe ay 4lseif Cor> cd) For Gels er BPR a4) 3 Pr2= p27 next s Wahi CPi d= pie 2 VE Cpe eve) £ piek = pied pets ae pel odate; pie 2 = pay 2-7 ext oe0 We Sorted Linked Licks, merge shee Bremen WE head. de® sorted Merge (Mede* a, Node* b) pe A sede Mead = SLU! Neco ¥ fast = NULL; qh Cas NviL) yetucn bb} CV La cn Cee = wou) vers ay 2 IE OS Leopy AF Capdata <= ba data) x % else "7 head s lasts a} a= a> next ; heal = lest by be lbs next | Wile Cals mvLl AY Lis Nw) if Casdara <= lerdare)) Yast snext = a) last =a} a =arnext; xX eee Jast>next = by last = b} be o> nent) 4 YE (asenwit) Nast > mat-b 3 ese last—> oext =O5 verurn Vnead 5 3NY Te RMewing © Ranmion tates a Stibe Pas, er egemen, \ Ln FC simaer item *P) t ° + WRU ee => Nutt) \\ (Pp next =* nut) \| “The. Sane. (tPaaa d= Ponext 7 data) pf F (ponent) )s hans 1 iP 9 oat if. J NV list ig empry or exactly ele. V8] : T The cle in Net aye sarted in n0nedecreasing order. VW ew ow DJ Net ad u “ 4 5 4c loaeasi a ake elements 19 the lis} Wave same claba, e. ¢ “ECO EEL 3 Eee joo 1oeD ve, fee JO, 10, 26,26 er ollel) receio pace order O4l to) Arcecaling x v. t\ OVI A bes, olle\) 1 4¥) = rane J eet sain \ 3 SK loth rit 127 ln wonck case, the no. of empaddens needed Jo seared)” a S.LeLe oR length o fer a gwen clement is! — AB lon . 3 ee \n word case, ele. will we aM athe Jatt ©3 lean —\ pode here we hax fo poverse an Lele on aloes y Spar le the werd case shme complexity +2 reverse @ SuLil- in OOD space WOO , Hentred poly Ne: ab cempactsens 15 CoP vedaides) Tepertern on 98 cb oe — Foner Ve ae, worth case TC. ob insenting @ elements Varo cn emp Lik) Th ate Lis needs to be marainedl tn casted ovck! 1 z. Constant memesy => >fers assume we have a gomted Lily? 88 neede to he (nsereds \ —_ ye 38 eo Bt spy £ \n the oan a Gup=p aes Woe ost nad Jn empiz Usk, ols se, OCn) ~S-SS) Je Pts (Te > 0 compenisons needed. ate oD ait ats 23 a2 — nes (lye Varad. Cat = Ged (nd) Le 2 ao. mz a We aed 40 Yravecse the Ket fer each ele ne wet teinteak — n x 40 Saad 9 SIS Pete dn sevteot Lester o= V7 void join ( node. *m,nedeen) Assuming thet m Qo Node, PR EN; points to valid mull While? next }= NULL) seeminaled LL. evocation L ob join will- = Po ae arena Al Append list m to the end P-Pnexts m) ables o te al fps. / So os vABleine cause a null pointer mn . z defeference “ef append list SS EL] [To se and alt) oF ef Nisha. | aero . ey Cause a oul pointer ELEM oo eaten 2 FE e P as Append Vist m to ah end of jist ne STH fo\locing C Suneien ankes 4 SLL of loveger asa Poramestes J ceanwange abe elements of Wek. “The faneviery So called assivh the MSr Comteaining the. leregey « \Anar var) be are contents af ahe Ver adtee abe (anetion compleres WS execution’ aa2 1) &4€ 3 6 S~ * Void xeaname Cstouet node * list) {4293-7435 G. “ ¥e # A TPIT GF © py pseacace nna L PA Pd tat Aemp, ma F Case | 1 haty next) oie 21.4 3 6 5 ventura Pelist; alist > next ; vanile (q) semp= pp valve | povadwe = qovalne; Y SAP qo valves temp; PRL next ; 4 ES Proext 10); 4 ue nen an-Zx0 ee Wree of Linked List. 7 Fingly Linked List ~~ 2» Doubly Unked List : 2? Porbly — " In each node, ve hore bho 3 Creuse peivrers, gotwtes Te Previors 4) teoder S s as well next node- Fre data nar 4 Prey deta exh Trev data 0 2 wacfan| seo Alsace Yor 200 5000 simcr Node “Fraversal —> same as SLL etc Node *Prev; int dota j i Jrsertin at beginahng strucr Node next jFrev ate ner F ¥ soo = Prov dane rents ofphicleeet All Jooo 3 oon 1) sruct Node ~*~ emp = mab 1? tempo data = keys = SP (pend: ou Jac (size of ( smier Node Y); yD JEmMp —> n be ale . Ve y er > per head | 4 pempe rnext =_nvu,; Hi? emp > prey - NULL, yerap 2 prey = nvLLy yn? 4 v? Nead 2 prey < +emP head = emp | Vv - je ? head 2 emp else 5| Qe Gen 4 . — | \peiniee do Ae, 5 bt: . Aclere thet node . “~ Pre 9 PreY oe Pers ce Ww er nerd re = pro pre J | i Tey fyNet| | FreeCpy) * el Re Qior a PLL, search (er fur Seaaclanece (anaer rede beed, ier vey) | an clement, vensens “d ib “en whe C temp | = Ut) apucr aocle Kempe bead 5 iS F Cremprdara == Key) wetuent; seme =e tempo next 5 serucn -1} | head Civewlas Uoked Ue —— \zo ao) ti pr 4 “Toeeesh todas \E Chead = = NULL) we wie do whos yeturn > Cy eee Ree at bet ‘ one Fime- be dot AE we had e so ke pha, prodeta) ; ane) ar © , 7 Wowdwt hat wir oy, Pr = Pte next » aan eens om soe Juhi Cote] = heel)1 2 Males Q,Gansider the [ellewing ANS C qregram t GNTE 202 HE include oe include shucr Nede £ Yor valle} , Shuck Nede Mnexct; Y jot main () f Shae Nede KboxE, Kheach, Heol tot index =D; Vex = head = (etree Node Dmnaloc (sizcol Cshuct Neded) 3 head yvalue= index } Fer Cine; x a1; tnclex <= 35 Nodex+4) L oxn = Copter Nede®) mado (Gee Pesmuict Node?) 5 box next = box; YoexN > value = index ; berE = box Ni } Fee Cedex 20; inde hr PHF C Vale at toad head = head > net; PREC Value at neler ted tg Ido" sodex 4, head-svabue); Ff Whi» one ak ane ccledements boelow Vs correct shoud ex hd is fodNo", index, head-t value); vee pregpeamZ 4D Upen exeetion, the Program Creates a lipked-har of Bye nedes. >. execution, the program lt has a miesin, 7 f 3 ‘etry whith ll lee reported) me ar eyes byNometlee. wu sereBrencos an unin Feed pastoter What pry Fe low on inlaite loop. excer, yeas ing ren-tine index = 4 indeeeO! Vale at veer Qis6 = ta $0 U4 pert head pol Nel. od inde \ is)-code is \eRy blank. Oo We Bi. C Rine faker @ SLL 22 Yp aeguereot. \t enodiGed she \ist ey moving We last cle. de che Hoot of Bac liek Overturns the medifed \ish. Sone ee ch tee GrTE-20lo 2Meules typedet shuct ade L int valve Bbucr wede * rext 3 J Nede ; Node * move_toRentCNede * heat’) t Node *P, * a5 ¥ Clues a riouy Y\ Chena eet == NOLL) return head ba a NULL} pe heeds awtile Cpanent |= now) £ — fers a ¥ pe pooerty Zs : 4 ® Veacp Cprocer shed) (qonyr=*) 4 head = p Crdeso peacl) | return heeds Cheese the conect alteenative to veplace jhe bak Nees Yeeemes a firteler LO Ay q= NULL) p> next = head; head = ps % \s ' wae . 1 Yah Y NULL; hesd sp; ponent = heed) | Lis a eed heee econ acess He ® qr rent = © heed =p} pr net = qj qroexh = NULL arcert = NUL) po next = heed} head = py @. Ler Adel bEA Kineton that clears a nade ina SLL gen a pointes te the node Bo pointer te the head of the Web, Stnitarly ler Wilde} WA DLL qven a pointer 4g Coe eae oes Joe anevha Lyaction Ahar deletes & node ae pode 2 oa pelvter to the bead oP abe Mist. at n clenote Hee number of nodes in each of she Nnkee| Aheices Ge TRUE aloond she Wrost cane lists, Nahich ore of she following Te oR sttde) anol Dude Ap sitdet is DGD £ pitelel ts Ol) Beh Stldel Q Prtelel ae OCloytr)) 04) ‘s 00) vy > wr sudel is pled Wordet =fied packe het 1s faund ot the Legian ey A Headey nade is 4 of ake ete A Vist that cantnlaa dhis type cP nade, is clled the header -Mnleed \ick hea Secu Nevwal /sieple LL: “ head points te He header nee. instead of the \) pode oy the Veh ead — | 1 (BE =o x| i He) Header neele doce nok repy bem iy the LL. -Aetwad LL 2 sams header node can Yee used store infloernadion either wa Vek. Ahan that found tte ey eter ovde See no. oh ced Dewdely Ciceddor Unled Usk Dorldy Civceber Linked Lisp is a ceredler [oked Vick Ce. node ef the Wst contains the address of the Bist rode 6€ te Vie) tn which a nade contain porters to MS previows node os well as the next node, Oolke stepk Bevkly Linked Lit, DELL does not contain NULL 19 any od the node + heed Pree diate net il seas oo] 2004 o B00OSLineay DS. WOeler of Aeletion! wverse ender o® esection « = LIF JFiLo NS Borh tnsectien aad cleletian are peel TRemered pis. eoly at ant end ened ag TOP ob Stack. Mere) kK os AGT TOP: etement addlal moot veconr\y, \asert > Pur . we patere > Rep Sie pepe dpoteck ie * 7 wih or deloy +o pest pore Je Emp (27 THe Hy empry Tes fuse iy woe decisions, Ape\vcotiens | 1? Recursion / Runeten a>ToOH Dobe to pehix perk, P Pref Post fix Evaluatiers S)Rarored parenthesis check. Lepheeniation sty faves \nssehing on clement | Noid Push Cink x) tts Stack EsiZe]; CTor== sizé-2) ee Tor=-{: Vveturo} 7 F tock is SAY, OM oa I ea ToP ++; Ss - . OMe maths» Daan) i pee 0) Fens Xin temp; fey ih crepes 2-1) wath Yeturn INriwmints // VP stack is emply : in Salado el rere re chetereel To? - - Yeturn +enp 7 ne rave ve ol delered. % of two things 2 An asvay Qa Vaiable “Tor atCollection oF ARR Heterogenous Datatypes’ (sruct STACK PS, Torx) firey void Puch epucr STACK fae a Ls (Ps Tors = st2e-1) ¢ vetern, ; jor AvvYseey, © rot ps top = Pr Tor + 4) jor TOP; psoArlpseTopy] = */ i ¥ Neid maint) { SiG STACK St, S25 Si- ToP = S2.ToPp- -L; 3 Posh G8 s4, 19) Sreck Pecyantate) Tecmababed) Order of insertion of given elements Ts Fred. What code} be possible arder of Pep % Cstack Pee matedt oo) ver o23 12,23. ber, order af Jase be 3 Peesitle pecembahen =3) foe can se performed any time Ves 2,3,) BUS a7 push Oy) Posh Od Fuse! yy popcy ) a(n) == <7 push ted pepe? 2 rep 3 Apo ead pushts) . oe Com ee psp aes = Pee, & \ \echere 22 7 pope pepo os . i Noli stack Pe wrkotien + “valid Nor vals J Here, ous Sh Sle G6 Jreomtmabton s ) eee \ — cc oe = 0 ehock. chet Slewennsin ay reemntins{nix te Post Rx ee AD tons wv tea Shae Without Wein. veing shoe stack : Panemenieeee eel: wofix | 2H RAP ioWs 2+ 3x8 Wo *) gt lssal ort ee Pixs 23S x4 pefix are 33 og ——_—— Peek n 42x 3s ——_——_ Poor Pix 1 2 3S x > OE LE SHAE 12 seh ae peo 2+ 3x 4/ce2td Chee, order of operands feo does mot change) u 24s 40/Cs2t] opt op> a+ (eans2t71 ork op pati 2 S4X 6 LR/S +E Ex.S infix! Carb) xed ert Da /h Labr) *%/4 ~ et R575 o Bp CAAA ae oe fabslxc/d— fe fgrt Vn wy ea b+cxVA— Cefg rth 7 ee 7 * Rte b Lavéicxa/I—Lelgt*Vh | Lexte x4] - Cetg tt h/] Posehixim ote KA ef ah th /—Wx pork, usieg siacks, . . am | ' \ 2 é — Fv ip rix* eae aaa io _— + fs encovarered) => syoels 18 emPHY * \E Puch iy enra stack fesrfixt DSA xy penn ioltx Som Link, . i, OT PA oprronds te peste, ai ie Ss opesetor scanned, er opwaree Ts jor y en countered, pe + < * Ir one stack es en co eee ly, WF ae higher ry peo ty ene otek operons aa ee oe ee evebuated Bit Kye pany reetore x <2 in bet le pert S% ces) prey ad th R gush ene qaater ento slack. QF equal Prosiy , operate 1S waiting, evelsate i+ @s sting ends, pop a 2 puch cawent opeccror =? operator Some by ork: stack. — pep Ber Re NG: ate Ce — > sr, ars}. \ Pearly! abt+C— fet, abe xd/+ Ved Piedion' = 4 boxe Jel At{bex J/e eases, at{Lbexd/] Foire Oloeaadt/ +meee LV lhe 1 BY Cake a /85 Yerka! 234% 6 2/— 4° ; now! eae When “OC” is eneatereet ; Preh emis check. Pushy eee OPiraters os per Yales unnl Ys encomterod “Clb stes# ob on When” ys, encounrered , 2x Preasicn , Pep al ePuaters HII SC" ys ena eb an os ‘Scerd. +O" aca eclen Se io IT, pet RTL , <*- “arb)xcid= ef § 89 /beend ong pein wicesinnncel i alo+c xd/e ly Oe Z Vsiw Vere th Mustsy stack. sor Enh (hie 23 x's~ sJep2, opt 2 + Cxss3er + 2S2 infix’ (a +b) x cfd — oe f Vy 7p Lrabj x v4 - et £7 Et 4/h Thabd xc ~et [ety \Wh i . ep ht Trab] x oa —\(%et f4\ Jb ane [ Xvabe3 /d - [pet F54/b C/x +alocd] - £7 etfy d/h fio Uxrabed] _ [/metf gh] _— Pxravca/ Te a4 9h mo ust “\ stack laBet atbh—c vevse AN x C—b aq Ye: clhaty— vevesse ofp: ~yae’e Ss Pa | oN. TON (SAB, Sc’) ASC TeH Cyn’, | A> 8B Ceoeee a9 Dest) liv Al = D A A)Dew’ " Bi Y@ | A Tole Se : ? _ veIG Beet Ce +7 f “TT TL aes | : P 7+ $ Ty + +, ¥ Deg yea ga) IV Wine | | | CAA WoL es OW eOML Cahn ay Ce) ws OW) Hop a SPs TTT, : woias oN | Va . \ | Yds Cw? 18 BHO, dey Fm | OS eymor27) . \-~z = (%) Hol wy Faw fF a a C229 \- 7 CO = Caja? oS Crt uw gv) oer 4 Qe HE AL = FO be ren A= uw Cy balk |e ComeL wo (aRal— SE / N {27 m re San @rnol ——y 2 -u ae SO BON wna 2 LL _ 7 Be a Ge) poL wo G4 bob Geil Ww Gunner ——~, z as te NI a \ a “ ; aoe ‘, : - eee eed Cio bod nn) vy hol. 7 OC yosow 49 He \ iez0 VY See, aay Flyv go -9N)tect: file lobomace' Seaes Se 0, \ (23,58) 13,2) ea Fibtnds Cee ee n> 2 =O ned | =a n=] Evie) 0 Guts) = FeO Bee) Ce per =e \tl =Q Fb (2) = Goa) + Ab Cod=l40%] | Eos > | meg BG Ne ee) : Z 7 Ge) + Bea. Tip) a) Fibt) # BG Ce) | Fru 4 Fb) | Ow + Pee Reo + Bb e) oly)ze tt, ee gee. No.’ of. ~Panctian calls to Fiben> 7 we We y ~ Oy ety a /~ ler Hon) be He ON Hed Sane colle ee? \ in PbO) ye? Ae? wend © Went) ¢ Hen 2? oo ax a . ey) Wendt HCn ad of Tg 22 +1 Hee) = | 1 Heowsf Hor =] Wonet if ax Front ) Heaps Her k Hee) ay = (+ HIE yn over — «¢ Hes) = Hea PHO) ave Btltla dS 3.4 Hen) \,) 3 5 3 NS ST we £ Taal oe. & add jm cedars Fib tn) Fb fe) = 0 a : eho) =? ne Go wecy) Fb (ad =) / po Brey Fea @ Fb lo) Abts) = Geet oko Bot) ELISy= 7 8 a Gon) be the no. & addtsion io Fb en) G (ey = 0 - Fb co) [ _— SS Ud= a Gud =0 ey) +) Ban {n) Gli 1) .G(n-2) yy yO ) ox Cb N\ | qn Oo 1 2 Gly 9,0,1) 2,Tee BE Ne ob Racten alla, befbie 1° addieien ‘pworcedd See) 2 Bb ts) 4 Sy) aA “) Risin -1) 4 ~ 3 “f FC ye yN 20 a 1 Ben -3) emer] fine) (k, ret addinin, 0 Fikoty ys : ‘a Retey O-+] St) lve plce ub GEE) Jv ber’ eis ° Won feclle | present, i a Ada os v ik fant colle =D Preqvan ! [ong long iar WC ime u if Caso \\ne=1) turn 95 o rerun Blo(n a) -f FibCn-295 DU Bicery Ferre in Jab maine) ey piek Cener 9); Scant Crd ® Ro) Priuh CAA” BG); | i I] Ne oR Fun iewecabions Sy Gren): 246 Becn+1) =) i adding Fens = Tie tna -) 25. Chole ino. YN imvecating in f(a) 2 29 Bacto) ~| = 19 11 baddies La M5 ge) = Fib(a) eyQueve —<—_ ad deletion ts seme as "© Unear D.s, om Ovdec + Pick Va Char Ou gadee of hoses too Last In Vad Bulk Insestion | Rear & Applicatims Delevan + Front CPD xhedlin Semaphores , Memacy Mannaemenk, ete. CUsing hag) ‘ =fd= Ae Sire SIZE. 6 Queue, — #} int Qvevels2Ey. _| tay Rear" oo4 z aa a a4 ine Font Front * Index rem which an element con be deleted. Rear * of most recently added element. CBee) Rene = 1 ebelally, when Greet Shif 5 Case\! When we inser \" cloment sy VIF=R=0 . 4 es FOR : nical -\ -\ \nsere (10) 0 ° Rear + + \nsere(os) 0 1 Queve [Rear J = x} \nsex (se) 0 a \nsert (40) 0 3 doae 13 ele) |] dette 2 3 ae ae |] delete = Le-4 3 fot ee" APre clelerion dB ele, Font = = ReayFe. When Queue is Empty 23 a Cat Aieen hee ls only \ ele in Que. apngectien Operation (En Queue) En Queue = 0 OD ved EnQueueCiar xD L, iF CRear = = s\2e-1) setuyn } JY rnren te Queve is Fd) ais §F Cont == -1) Rear= Front = 0; Quene Rear] = % 5 % else 7 Seen Voecels col ane ele ta qvene Read pa sevnerise, Queue LRear } = x} 5 A Delerion Operation (De Queue) Dedueue = OOD Vor De@eve () t iF CRent = = —1) J Neen the Quene ie Empty. ye ~ verurn \WTL MIN 5 else if (Rear == Front) ZH Whee thee!s ooly \ ale. ln quence. abe deme = Greve Gent Frent= Rear= —|) y Yerura temp} dseg - eee 2 o mot eles Rear remand unchangeal » “Front: thy front = G 3 yetven imp; — = "Yy“Prawheack,: Ih Smale GQuener, Th Rear te péntiny # Tak element, ake Quore 5s Fly even sh abe Freat is rer petatiay te abe Rast 8 than peatbemed some Enqvere operations + va apace Ancdleble SE Growler @uewe CGirerdae Mme CTF Be fel) a a oe Z F R Insert C50) => En Queue (50) EnQueue (66)—> Peas =0 Quevel Rear} = X} POR = Nowe = i a, mCi EnQueve (10) oO o a 5; ; a EnOveve(2c) 0! F EnGvenels0) 6 Quevt is (ad) EnQueve(®) 0 4 Tick Case dy Nb Cue 2: FER Lsce, Qs RM,F R pinelly -\ -| Enqne® \ ° ® cngtné 20 ° \ faqs SP 2 Ros, the Quiue is fall: he \ a A Reae = Fronv-) or of Deqee we a 2 Crone = R+) Enguewne VO 2 s Gee 2 In Ciecalleor Queney weve 5D En Que ay (Pa= (RADY size| EnQuanc 60 Zz o In he alere-e4., F2Z, Rel EnQvere 70 2 \ po = = UF % 5 : : : a ae 2B SF Tee peereO) s \ tf @ is Bab. , paere ©) . eS : go\70 Deere (2 ac \ =F o \ = ~z Foor ear Vaile Deletion, rear remains unchanged whereas = \nsernm, Freak <— | loserHon ovdler BE, ae, HO, 60, FO . Bedk etemanr to be ctelerec! whe Gest bak was aeloledNoid C@_Enqueve Cor x) an awene ia fb, if Chor == CRear +1) s12€) J pra ques. Verona 5 is point, to lad ele VE (Rear es Size-t) When year ts peieting te beh de, Rear = 0; else if C Bont = = AD J Waren quene ts empty Front = Rear = o; lee 5 int Ca_ Delete) Rear ++ 6 Cn Queve CRear] = x; WF CPenba= 1) 7 Wren Queve 4) Emery PC Onder flao")5 Yerurn INT MIN; Gee TE Cent == Reas) // Weer yreee's ony oe ce tn @ top = Queve (Rent d | Foot = Rear = -| ; yetuca seme ; Ose} (Feot 2 = SRE“) YWhers Rear js prtsy ao fuck ole emp = Queue Fron 1; ee oO; Can be combined sith pa ine aemp= Quewe (Fear else else temp = Queue [Fenr) ; Boor = Cent 41% size} “Front a yerun emp, vetuen temp / 4Feome) Gusue 4 fh preliz is fasecdnted with atery element TS lemen ts vill) be wocessed) Ss a x F a oe ie a year Arex Pei. yo, LN fA GEL 44 ent Spy eee an Pe ee ere ce,) element is inexed. _tel2 | \ Re piety of Et 2. 4% Ir . / wl) be tesertec) bebore DB trode he preg popped a fee 2 , a vot Yet 1 Dieewhed CF fore cme \jecn® > tad C ") wile false Brow (3 ) 2 Be ne B, 3 enon Vwcatink of whe loop ae proves, it. fue ge, atm Werotink « era ations, in “the ened“wate ts fee al) \ Coad elemenks | 2 Jreratens are ref ea, Zones | n=) elements , 2 lee each. 2a) UNA, n-2, ....3,2,) > \,0,n4,0-2 2.2.23, __ is pesteo| Gime, | mee ®t new “wereten as irs pret . 2QH-\41 PQ size) Ouse reese me reer ee 0, nA, n-2, 3,2) nn, 8 fe ements, 2 lt” each, \ 20-2) +4 1 004,0-2, +. 3,2 aCe) 2 |<— To? 1 2Cn-2)+) Al sized Que ——S Qo size Que. 2 To ecdnce He Quere sire Le. AP Deqverts ab\ the elements 19 reder fo ponte robe Aek f4) 58 end wh le \sop , We nee qe Pe fom his tterarin Yn! sees: ~ DOH, 20s) +4 ve, ntl, 2Ca- 2+), UUn-s)F1,- ae Sone 2. Cae) $92 t9-3 LE DeitHagae Qe - yee 2 VATE ee Cn-D) +9 = We know, pent). 2 San (COD LP +n = Hort =canrewrd grap? Tree a Undive cred, acyalics Neo - eter Dis wed to hie hierarchic ete 10 seer / gpa Chuve esq acizaheo 6) Rineg Heap Tr in DEMS + DB -Tree, Bt Tees et each element tn hee, wpeeented by a node. Wd: Crick is a node ome inkl below a rede. yee go ff 20 38 ht |b ren Br nede \0 qs a cbnt 20, sree with beige a3 ant. Mede Vrrecdintely @ Rook Nede-" Dietingsi hable le Powenk a Node | ‘ / Orly pode w/o or arent go “7 mode wie ery P zo is « pret “bh &,% {O is the reek node + CTopmest mode) B)\enk Wode Mode wo @nteenad Node + Node wie § onl ould at Neat chile, 2:9:10/205 5° Biter, 520 Codes excepr Jerk neces) .. Degree. of a node ' E ep Degree oh code with ey . 4 a \s cepresents the re: A, cbileben Pioery jo 2 30 > Ss Pte oh a node * “. yy te ae lenge oh pth fem pode "90" te te Far dest fee code « roy 20° 4h Heigh- a le node =O. Mr a SOF 2 ¢ae a ETE TTI > he \ hen) =F + oro Chi, boy ta 6 Cy CQ tree eight BT. #97) He) = |r max ( W, (39) ~ (ru = (Wen ef Edges Rem shy) Ae node Yo “the lonaech. ! seheighr A pees Neto sh vot ne NeaB. fe laeight ve a tode. S? Level/ Depth of at ‘ Vevel oP a made ye ts the length abe pad From yeot nede to mode %. Ne- of Edges from the root Veal of ver onde = 0 Eo oWNede level is kk ) \erl A, ire ehild is fet). cot Trex? level = Helin of tree R OP) preteske GR ance! IP theres @ path fom node Pot nace gq. pthen atl the nodes in athe path other then qa eelled as ancestors of L- SrS0,1D are ancestes oP 5D. Jo hes ne ancester . ao -\° 7 20,10 g@-30,10 5-3/0, 10 Bo -10 le ~2©;'0 BO-38,10 6H-3,28,10 | ™) descendem at a node | Aether , 7 —> 20,10 Tis a deseendet f, 20 7 TN a to AM nedes ne Nescunalats Hy 10. |e ie the fincester lh 7) Siolingy : NeDes with same 7, N@ are sibling 5 2, 3,60 —! 2130 need Prevent. Rect Node ca net have ee SIL ay ag i— Ye dees Got ace a Peeta All Nedes gr a Clenceatt pesHeular Jew) 2 clan, 4 sant oe . ware ap ercde! Now BP descendents Sy a node € taehad te ede irselE rae dh, eke BOP 6 TH at size AD lene pede => 4 size dyno 22 DS pies = debotdets 4 Cireee) chee abe pole a => 2t6t+) Size of vcle 3-5 2 ° an p\ sie FE anode = sine oh ive descended | Birney See .. m7 pede can hove at most 2-child. rede a have O-chijd. Clea node) OS (internal node_ | 2-8 te AP bingy wee, v0 ah cach level, there ‘re frax oo. ah elements / nodes pPresenr is a Tl Binoy Tree / Complete or Perce Riney Tre. Max” no, of mocles at fecl“h” Ra BT is 27! Cheek by \edve a les is by Marr? oc. Y nedes posse na SOS Fee oF laghe = f mex” + of, b% Me Gate rn BT 2 =N-) 2 s7-1=6 kas b Tare) = reeporae. as Vy oy F\qor2t-- bob C4. e) aaa 2 oht sath Shey a \rier ne. “y nedes iw & bina tree oh heighr bh l hee | Ray = be) Ale wd Las theighe enwdt” etects From peso. oe a fo Fe wea, ments. Sen poms ee ae FRI woke MOONEE bape a pera )S Root Sens te on = ma loc(aisedfeamere Wooo pew Node? dada = rey j (®) peo Nede > feft = nce; \ebs dovn Gide ROo-p TM Sige @) ® + vyebuen Rees cod Gul [wooden] nor Fa)\ Bioaey Tree Bil beng Tees © OR fener © re 2 dilden) Prag Aree =A pee la Which every Awteenad poole Sas araatly ve chidyen RoeT= malloc (sizesPstrucr obey) | Bey i Brom Tee os i He | Ss to aed bree’ Shact Node * Lefty int datas Src Nede ER; } Shock Node ROT srt; “Refer BT" Trak or dy voles Pte dy land x2 FA wS Bia ales = onal nods Bach wa L xe +) Node Ves 2 childs = 64\=7, Boog Meet A wee in whieds cacy inteesal code ae ence] Childe - Tord ee nodes = No. cy trtend 6 & + eee) ie nodes Each ea =2r3 4) has 3 childs ~ Stic? fe of nodes = Ne. BY \wernal nodes X Nodes because +) ® Tes FP Mee IN Y fbd ds FE BrSt\ = lO, mea Lek Tobe ae nor aly Internal moder ne Koay tee LU ered oodes = Os Et a es — Nes) aw aan in Cet) Ye eal \ has k- childs or & T+ 4 sy leo nedes the Noten nodes - kore) L + i cae 2 » Le &T-T 4+) - TG ott am len nodles , - fC) ° Wert anew) : eae kel -) Ke Nod, childs ech in sep 1 Grn i dey 2 h ie yece with 2) SF tege OS leak nodes pockes. Ay degree 2 ag —)i— 1 a , Bind se 00. of Leal roder wot ne 2+ 3rl>\ a TToral nosh nodes n= & = \ 4 Yoh w+Le-+? Nos oh bee meoles <3 bruteae Tenens v Ren, 480 7Wee condds oly! yp Reo} 2 Nap Root > Qepth ovtler _ — Ret Ly Re Le Ly, Boor Ry ercek weed | XD Up Rp Re ae es Poe wy ler tote 243,54 3,8 OR, bi, Rea Is Weeds re hale 3 YR, Rook, ey subree as ye Pre-order Troveredl > Rar Re, MEseeee Trovtreel DNVisit/Peint/ Process ‘The root node. D Traverse. La ob rook node 30 pre-order, a en we | bo 7 5) Ray er kr cy © © C j wes wh Sw 5 r@ere CS i Fart ABDECEGL for fr Ry (8) We ogo Bey nade phy UM amier Node Wied nes Ave'n wae ‘nw eta Pycerden inter ede FRB | Tae oy wee Avery % Te” Rag vist aaa | | | Smuce Node. be vicned AbnerRe oentec (Rooy ) s Feorder Cosfauce Nate fhe) 5 x UC er Le mun) Ly PPO pre otarer, > Reoeder C Pye Je Py); DCP Right) A? rehen , ¥ Manske [phere Ry) Ca ber” Lepr RN) Wirvene Lp threat node ta To'-ordes 2 Prat Nii/Prowes Yost sede. D Terese Ry A, rook mak iq Tr-oveler \Sroder to Tio 4) reedde i) Ns ait) you a Sir nnd (sham Nede Pre) *r) § Vlwurder (Pir olefy); PLAT pwadem), Words (Pre 9 digit) \iJ | | bla PM: DBEAEGS. BE Pooka soder reverand D Troverse Lt d peep node tA Cr 8, Set) 1 Prot -srder. — Ri SPP OAKS / process rect node. CPost-eedler 32 on aa ite thived . AM = = Veil Tecteder (arc nude & fe q fF cee) £ » fastorder C Pr le 2 we 0 Pan Nt eV R:| Ne. ef ualalsclled Vinny chees wih © nedes = (Cohape Jab erne /Gtamerry) For each wolibcled smeenre => 0b oie agg nbd, 2 Lebelled blncrey trees Nit 2. ; _ % nedes ieee trees with n modes lo. OF Laboelled navy trees with a modes - —te n = No shuctares/ unlabelled x 0) x9) | DeNe of Hany eee soit preaceer! ABC Aas! No. dy shathures posethle = 2a re N=8 Pp A, Baie gigs =o) Vere n= pele moe aA ne\ ° Lobel’ sais mie ABC | Ney bin oe | Ga, Nae fe + 7 4 | Wih a at 6 °C en \o/ rel Baterdey lenges), ne. ab BT sacilele = "En ce et ees pescible wie pre ABC O oar) OR AR BT. with Pea ABC [R R a fy, By ‘s myo Fostic0e tereoa a ee oN etre ODUM Bre i bes Pe ABC |os BAC e pee * Bac en Yat woegueo pester a posorder ee Pre-order 9 Ln-odler =? post-ovdec Ain -order 4 wh a en pew del n-urder no. dh, BOTS = Atmos 4 eet Ben Car SABDENCGIT ~ eiBOE Cal fre te 4 ict J LORE mC 1TGT = ey 0 No ane . C ReG TI shan ie! e Qi E43 gTenacee 9 po ow ; Er Ky ye yook in )aerden Re pect Ore SY aaa _ eae PEN C AIT wp Blby Maz95 e 5 & a z oe oO ut Ry 1 piDBE A GPG “Tyger ma DEBS PCA jo: 0l8 tet me DEP GT pores jot GELB SC Shar arth ter Go ICT pTeaesse” post —wcde or Pf eaten <— \a. ge x Po QF Deep crndichas, Sot nedes 19 imader 9 veep HAA Jy ch \ea/ yest rode ASS \o: € \ ° nek h 2 \ AY } poe a0. eR i ; : ok 2 (ob <@¢2"=| aa aby Pp ede ho Ip stricture of a c@T with | node > Wry enioF 7-5 nodes 4 BA ye ts 2 2-\ . : h <2") a a ; : att nt cas tag 2" leq loginry-1°< WK jg. , eq (bt) Kbrduleg2 hlegu § leq n Min? Ne 5 Con water? ga h< lege te Dysiey 2 a Vie Cieg, 0) J Stee >. log. Cnt) ThSlagca owt mat ape, WH) > lega(nr!) pane nedes Vhs loqacnt)) Binary Search “Weees ' atiefles he peopti7! smaller Jha %, gare 1 fA BST Ss a BOT thes AN te leeys in ake Ly of a eden) on — en ae Clim eny redt_in BsrD Conéhuck BST by insecring Fal Keys jy samt ovcler! be2aasy * \o,&, 2,2, 3,% J Fe O.4°% x g ypot ets sheen losertion over oP Yeys ie Jen = 4. 4 pcr BST by \nsextng Foye 10,20, 20, yecetio escles can be 4, 201 2° 2e,1O,$° By, 10, 20 ae keys Boo BsT-s yo, 8028 20, 20,10 0, 26, \0 ae lo oder drnereal ofa By is choays Toomig oder of geyser Given Abe keys Pf a BST, Inoder deaencal can ee ye \n coder ww Reed for any BST. ate Quen a precerder nevessad oR a BST, We OO Sind the Inovder a we Mined For ang BST Caio ineeasing oder). “Thy ss we Knew wh a ajven 4 pre-encter 8 Inevdler, we can consect 2 gst one shen vc . postecer Jia ere can lee ad 420. @ Quen a BT soRcruce ith a nodes oo keys, Rests one possible Z \o, 25 5.7.3 pot) est with o xeys = 2 Spe sp SOS a ster -b- Search la a BST geanch 7 peers Se : _ Fe comprcisens & dewsts rhe or) grep yO z= Re pes dhanps hale OCW) he oC'995 & CR 65 bode IQA OB Bkewed eee hen= . : | Tew _Compleriy Fern wks, tok Se OCs). ‘19 the weet ee Aree ie chewed (ie. Uo baton Grint ro duct . ' n tafe gprberwise, TC of e.9) Me info — = % sofa? nie: n/a 4 4eleven of a nade hewn O-child Cteo® rode) Ly. Lt uw 2 R . mA RK aN Gee Ti We ned ve denny Ake parent peekr Ceh nade fo be Aeleted) whch a \s ren he to \ Sy ee palate is permtiny te ede ve Acleted Poe Dew P = Malee this eamiec WLLL (Pe > dara < Par 2 data) else L 0 pers lef = roe Pars righk = NULL; Seep) / yirseter Core T! Daetwy oho nade having one child, in Oday K,Ryy ~~ & Tr doeily wre Gonenk pre [ey &, Cay cede be delered) aids — pore te vole te be de\ercal, Mate thie pointer psor te : pede jo be delered, Wc an wih [afr or sigh aey é old « , the obs) ob Coce Wt Ortekin YX node wr wo Aidrew- ‘\ pelerivn of Jo. ¢g . (ne eat." Reg vols the < ° Subree of F i\o Enawtiney ge wlemen of nmbly upda We pexte Ao be abe pede i ode 2 rm ang a t \ ' 5 JZ (Merhod 2! Replace abe on \ = Tah tte erratlest oade 9 2 a2) aularer, ol, He node Q #2 foee aleletieg fA 8 cose hoy a0 Aemenr/nede VO WE We c soo yet oh he nesds updsed wo Ab ue daleied with He . 5 7 Recon Aaa 1s smlar toao Bae cal “ee cpMat node in NS es hal node - Ry node othe wise petocrn delerion wih ene child. Y Been deletion Ay nrede wito two cl chrer pan be reduced to delle) Wir etter ont oF 178 child ren \f we Mode te \ee sepla ued has a chad, en Bm ele Bice oe, cla» CA node fo be replaced 37 Ly Cannot bene 2 a5 We ark replacing Ht beagest to Zp)s G7... Note! A pode te be ceplaced bn the argh abet cennot be per? tuo childen 7S Wwe we sepla ding! phe amalles}— wate withthe node po he deleted, |f tk has bof rede ag well, SD thot becomes te _ornlect pode do be replaced.y DMA i, AVE hee, eres ot Saad ate Ke < Vo abe ey easVie “b Rp > EAL TE Prepay The tacban yw 0,4. OHA fiero aP Ronade eo Mien Let” de baghr eV WS NePe subbtee Ve belghe Qe cai, ciqht subbete cor Ahodd be Mot Man Ot, MY / vroleoee joreneser dhe Aperations colle + AVL relations & BsTs. Fiance d vain NL ees Tare 6 pelght Vabanciny bed, Gachat of come rode nyse Hae jpeerrion af keys mn piece ren Oot), Viee becomes rollaccte we Lp net Ry te : jalan 2 sYeserivg, 025,50. fn same Mendens Ao. ° Viclgtee to ED <20 E> < () waa} $8 RS wees a eh) seers $2 0,5 Pau c 57 u 2 e 6 FConstwer AVL hee by imsecting Keys Mm gwen oveler. 3,\57 22,46," 38 S (50) Fiel to jalate, 5, 20,60, \, \ bily Inset 2 Now, ae i one \nser ayPRI rdotien aw @ ce % ol ay @ : 1 (© Ge 8 { © 1 LL Revealing] et pale . A a we welation if Retin | Seat oo = Max” pevoh pades Va an MVE ieee oP wate h ohh : g TI PPV oo. a nodes in ° hee o seh FY. hen ge pyie foe wlid opens. “ vs 2 7 vet =) @) ~ | . a ' “ + D t pee be the atin. ne , T a ob q oedes in an AVLS See ME AE Hy ph ea Be to SS ACH 9 Ch) 4n Cha) ath) = nh!) ah -29 +] _ Ch) = 1+ neha enth- 2) Qik BT. Whee the MAL bis ake 0, oP cedex in Ry de armect 4 Yr each ade, find ave nodes tn such a tee, & weighs a : in ly doe ; ob \ r an gn ce valid OCH) = tEM y \ cae ; veh * nCn-1) -f aan n(n) =A ator OF pe ter tt W Lnthdavy ha nCn-Vod on) 2. eee _ ne) \n&@- 2alh-) i : = nts)e 2 = 32Be r oh le het th Rp is akmost 2 a pee & codes in uch a BT dhe 4 : Q <— woud ye tho Feat eA Cheek Gene mi \ \y fy os Rr ah b contain \eask nth) = \4 aCh-l) + nh -3) x ee \nsenton 2 Iroorr using BET procras Upedte THe Veit Grom new nade to the raot ie. Beboace Factor Joie Ly imbdedance, iP ilodanced, balanee te Unio re EC5>) \nsect > Const. number of yolation , AML eee, Walden oll ode. Delere 2 Cre looalance ) Subsequent! perRem delenon of 2 - “Now, here Balance taeter becomes -2. -. to vidlake the 8-F ja the oer Been We con vephee i voltlo the Nest pede ay Me Y Soles aaa Belere M4 ake rede be be sw Shinever |/Ne Aefere ol. is w he Added, 22) Arlee ef veplace with We 4 inorder Succ eFH1, eck puledin en peepegale Lets Smear All abt fe node « g a Qelerien > (7 C4 1) ane Oh getars she wevéh cases