CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

MANAGEMENT RULES, 2016

SOUBHAGYA TRIPATHY
BACKGROUND
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 published on 25th
September, 2000 which provided a regulatory framework for management of Municipal
Solid Waste generated in the urban area of the country.

A draft rule, namely, the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2015 with a separate chapter on
construction and demolition waste were published by the Central Government in the
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change on 3rd June, 2015 inviting objections
or suggestions from the public within sixty days from the date of publication of the said
notification. The objections or suggestions received within the stipulated period were duly
considered by the Central Government.

Thereafter, in supersession of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling)

Rules, 2000, the Central Government notified rules for Management of Construction and
Demolition Waste and these rules are called the Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016.
CONTENTS
• Definition of C&D Wastes and Activities which generates C&D Wastes
• Composition of MSW and C&D Wastes
• Main Issues and Key Requirement of C&D Waste management Plan
• Hierarchy of Waste Management and Environmental Impacts of C&D Wastes
• Sorting Process of C&D Waste
• Waste Generator and Duties of Waste Generator
• Criteria for storage, processing or recycling facilities for C&D waste
• Accident Reporting by C&D Processing facilities
• C & D Waste generation in Life Cycle phases
• Lifecycle based integrated C&D waste management
WHAT IS C&D WASTE?

Renovation Demolition New Construction

40% 50% 10%
 DEFINITION OF C&D WASTE
“C&D Wastes means the waste comprising of building materials, debris and rubble
resulting from construction, re-modelling, repair and demolition of any civil structure
“De-construction” means a planned selective demolition in which salvage, re-use and
recycling of the demolished structure is maximized

“Demolition” means breaking down or tearing down buildings and other structures either
manually or using mechanical force (by various equipment) or by implosion using
explosives
ACTIVITIES WHICH GENERATE C&D WASTES
Activities which generate C & D waste in cities / towns are mainly from:
i. Demolition of existing, old dilapidated structures;
ii. Renovation of existing buildings (residential or commercial);
iii. Construction of new buildings (residential or commercial or hotel
etc.);
iv. Excavation/ reconstruction of asphalt/ concrete roads;
v. Construction of new fly over bridges/ under bridges/ sub-ways etc.;
and
vi. Renovation/ Installation of new water/ telephone/ internet/ sewer
pipe lines etc.
vii. Present collection and disposal system.
COMPOSITION OF MSW AND CONSTRUCTION WASTE
2% 1%
5% 2%

Concrete
25%
Bricks & Tiles
65%
Wood
Metals
Others
Plastic

Source: CSIR-CBRI
News Letter,Vol-33
MSW Construction Waste No-2 April-June
2013,pp. 1-2
WHAT DOES C & D WASTE CONSISTS OF?

 Concrete
 Brick
 Timber
 Sanitary ware
 Glass
 Steel
 plastics
MAIN ISSUES FOR C & D WASTE MANAGEMENT

 Absence of segregation of waste at source

 Lack of appropriately located recycling facilities
 Indifferent attitude of citizens toward waste management due
to lack of awareness.
 Illegal landfill practices done by contractor for saving money.
KEY REQUIREMENT OF C&D WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

 Types, quantities and qualities of wastes

 Measures for reducing waste generation
 On-site waste sorting
 On-site and off-site reuse
 Areas for waste storage
 Quantities of wastes requiring off-site disposal
 Monitoring and auditing program
HIERARCHY FOR C & D WASTE MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF C&D WASTES
• Landfill leaks (plasterboard release H2S)
• C & D makes municipal waste heavy
• Degrade the quality of municipal waste & makes it difficult for
further treatment like composting
• 10-20% finds its way into surface drains, choking them
• Other toxic elements such as lead, asbestos & radioactive materials
that can leak and pollute the water bodies
• Air pollution
SORTING PROCESS OF C&D WASTE

Chemical Mechanical
Mineralogical Sorting
Appraisal
 SORTING PROCESS
 Bar Screening, Magnetic Separation, Air Classifier  Recognizes particular grain
size:

• X-Ray Fluorescence
- Invest chemical composition
in terms of major elements.

• X-Ray Diffractometry
- Recognizes the
constitute mineralogical
phases
 WASTE GRENERATOR – MEANING
“Waste generator” means any person or association of persons or
institution, residential and commercial establishments including Indian
Railways, Airport, Port and Harbour and Defence establishments who
undertakes construction of or demolition of any civil structure which
generate construction and demolition waste.

Duties of the waste generator –

(1) Every waste generator shall prima-facie be responsible for collection,
segregation of concrete, soil and others and storage of construction and
demolition waste generated, as directed or notified by the concerned local
authority in consonance with these rules.
DUTIES OF WASTE GENERATOR
(2) The generator shall ensure that solid waste does not get mixed with
this waste and is stored and disposed separately.

(3) Waste generators who generate more than 20 tons or more in one
day or 300 tons per project in a month shall segregate the waste into
four streams such as concrete, soil, steel, wood and plastics, bricks and
mortar and shall submit waste management plan and get appropriate
approvals from the local authority before starting construction or
demolition or remodelling work and keep the concerned.
 DUTIES OF THE WASTE GENERATOR
Every waste generator shall keep the construction and demolition waste
within the premise
or
get the waste deposited at collection centre so made by the local body or
handover it to the authorised processing facilities of construction and
demolition waste;

and
ensure that there is no littering or deposition of construction and
demolition waste so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or
drains.
DUTIES OF THE WASTE GENERATOR
Every waste generator shall pay relevant charges for collection,
transportation, processing and disposal as notified by the concerned
authorities;

Waste generators who generate more than 20 tons or more in one

day or 300 tons per project in a month shall have to pay for the
processing and disposal of construction and demolition waste
generated by them, apart from the payment for storage, collection
and transportation.
 ESTIMATION OF C&D WASTE
Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council's (TIFAC) has
developed some estimations on C & D waste generation which recognizes
that the generation is project specific as follows:
a. Range 40-60 kg per sq.m of new construction,
b. Range 40-50 kg per sq.m of building repair,
c. Range 300-500 kg per sq.m for demolition of buildings.
FIVE categories of existing C & D waste quantification methodologies are
reported: Site visit method, Waste generation rate method, Lifetime analysis
method, Classification system accumulation method and Variables modelling
method
 TIFAC ASSESSMENT
In India, when old buildings are
demolished the major demolition
waste is soil, sand and gravel
accounting for bricks (26%) &
masonry (32%), Concretes (28%),
metal (6%), wood (3%) others
(5%). Excavations, concrete,
masonry and wood together
constitute over 90% of all C & D
waste.
CRITERIA FOR STORAGE, PROCESSING OR RECYCLING FACILITIES FOR
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE

Construction and demolition waste shall be utilized in sanitary landfill

for municipal solid waste of the city or region. Residues from
construction and demolition waste processing or recycling industries
shall be land filled in the sanitary landfill for solid waste.

The processing or recycling shall be large enough to last for 20-25

years (project based on-site recycling facilities). The processing or
recycling site shall be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, water
bodies, monuments, National Parks, Wetlands and places of important
cultural, historical or religious interest.
PROVISIONS AT THE STORAGE SITES
Utilities such as drinking water and sanitary facilities (preferably
washing/bathing facilities for workers) and lighting arrangements for
landfill operations during night hours shall be provided. In order to
prevent pollution from processing or recycling operations, the following
provisions shall be made, namely:
(a) Provision of storm water drains to prevent stagnation of surface
water;
(b) Provision of paved or concreted surface in selected areas in the
processing or recycling facility for minimizing dust and damage to the
site.
(c) Prevention of noise pollution from processing and recycling plant:
(d) provision for treatment of effluent if any, to meet the discharge norms
as per Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
STORAGE, PROCESSING OR RECYCLING PRACTICES

Fines from construction and demolition processed waste having size up

to 2 mm shall be used for daily cover over the fresh waste. During hot
windy days in summer months, some fugitive dust problems may arise.
These can be minimised by mixing with local soil wherever available for
limited period.

Use of construction and demolition fines as landfill cover shall be

mandatory where such material is available. Fresh soil (sweet earth)
shall not be used for such places and borrow-pits shall not be allowed.
Exception – soil excavated during construction of the same landfill.
MONITOING FACILITIES AT STORAGE SITES
• The following project shall be exempted from the norms of
pollution from dust and noise as mentioned above:
For construction work, where at least 80 percent construction and
demolition waste is recycled or reused in-situ and sufficient buffer
area is available to protect the surrounding habitation from any
adverse impact.
• Work Zone air quality at the Processing or Recycling site and
ambient air quality at the vicinity shall be monitored.
• The measurement of ambient noise shall be done at the interface of
the facility with the surrounding area, i.e., at plant boundary.
ACCIDENT REPORTING BY C & D WASTE PROCESSING FACILITIES

In case of any accident during construction and demolition waste processing

or treatment or disposal facility, the officer in charge of the facility in the
local authority or the operator of the facility shall report of the accident in
Form-V to the local authority. Local body shall review and issue instruction
if any, to the incharge of the facility.
 C & D WASTE GENERATION IN LIFE CYCLE PHASES

Source: Kozlova, et.al.2015

Source: M. Yeheyis et.al, 2013
Construction activities consume 32% of the world’s resources
including 12% of water & 40% of energy (Yeheyis et.al, 2012)
 The Choice Is Yours

To Landfill To Recycle

THANK YOU