DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS

ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

PESHAWAR
MTE-328L CONTROLL SYSTEMS LAB, 6th SEMESTER
LAB REPORT 5
SUBMITTED BY: TAIMOOR KHAN
REG NO.: 20PWMCT0739
SUBMITTED TO: PROFF DR. RYAZ AKBAR SHAH
SUBMISSION DATE: 03-05-2023
LAB TITLE  “SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC AND RESPONSES”
LAB REPORT RUBRICS:
LAB NO.5
LAB TILTLE
“SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC AND RESPONSES”
OBJECTIVES
 To Know and study about the system characteristics.
 To know about different responses of the system.
 To analyze the system responses in different conditions using system analyzer.

THEORY
RESPONSE OF THE SYSTEM
 Time response of the system
 Frequency response of the system

I. Time domain response

 Step
 Impulse
 Time response to arbitrary inputs
II. Frequency response
 Bode
 Nyquist
 Nichols
 singular-value
 and pole-zero plots

TIME RESPONSE OF THE SYSTEM

If the output of control system for an input varies with respect to time, then it is called the time
response of the control system. The time response consists of two parts.
 Transient response of the system
 Steady state response of the system

2
 TRANSIENT RESPONSE
After applying input to the control system, output takes certain time to reach steady state.
So, the output will be in transient state till it goes to a steady state. Therefore, the
response of the control system during the transient state is known as transient response.

STEADY STATE RESPONSE

The part of the time response that remains even after the transient response has zero value
for large values of ‘t’ is known as steady state response. This means, the transient
response will be zero even during the steady state

SPECIFICATION OF THE TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF THE

SYSTEM
The transient response of a practical control system often exhibits damped oscillations before
reaching a steady state. In specifying the transient-response characteristics of a control
system to a unit-step input, it is common to name the following:
1. Delay time, Td
2. Rise time, Tr
3. Peak time, Tp
4. Maximum overshoot, Mp
5. Settling time, Ts

1) DELAY TIME TD
The delay time Td is the time needed for the response to reach half of its final value the
very first time.

3
 2) RISE TIME, TR
The rise time Tr is the time required for the response to rise from 10% to 90%, 5% to 95%, or
0% to 100% of its final value.
 For underdamped second order systems,
the 0% to 100% rise time is normally used.
For overdamped systems,
 the 10% to 90% rise time is common.

3) Peak time, Tp
The peak time Tp is the time required for the response to reach the first peak of the
overshoot.

4
 4) Maximum overshoot, Mp
Peak overshoot Mp is defined as the deviation of the response at peak time from the
final value of response. It is also called the maximum overshoot.

5) SETTLING TIME, TS
The settling time Ts is the time required for the response curve to reach and stay within 2%
of the final value.
In some cases, 5%instead of 2%, is used as the percentage of the final value..

EXAMPLE
5
Find the time domain specifications of a control system having the closed loop transfer function

when the unit step signal is applied as an input to this control system.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
We know that the standard form of the transfer function of the second order closed loop control system as
..By equating these two transfer functions, we will get the un-damped natural frequency ωn as 2 rad/sec
and the damping ratio δ as 0.5.

We know the formula for damped frequency ωd as

SO ωd=1.732rad/sec
And

6
MATLAB SOLUTION
find the time domain specifications of a control system having the closed loop
transfer function
when the unit step signal is applied as an input to this control system.
sys = tf([4],[1 2 4]);
Step(sys)
S=stepinfo(sys)

7
8
TO FIND INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTIC
COMMANDS
 S.SettlingTime
 S.RiseTime
 S.Overshoot
 S.Peak
 S.PeakTime

LINEAR SYSTEM ANALYZER

9
 Linear system analyzer is used analyze the time-domain and frequency-
domain responses of one or more linear models.
View and compare the response plots of SISO and MIMO systems, or of
several linear models at the same time.
Generate time response plots such as step, impulse, and time response to
arbitrary inputs.
Generate frequency response plots such as Bode, Nyquist, Nichols, singular-
value, and pole-zero plots.
Inspect key response characteristics, such as rise time, maximum overshoot,
and stability margins.
EXAMPLE:

num1= [4];
dnum1= [1 2 4];
sys=tf(num1, dnum1)
linearSystemAnalyzer(sys)
SELECT PLOT CHARACTERISTIC
 Peak response
 Settling time
 Rise time
 Steady state
 Grid On

10
PROPERTIES EDITOR
 Labels
Title
X-Label
Y- Label
 X-axis and Y-axis limit
 Units
 Style
 Option
From option we can change settling and rise time configuration

11
ANALYZING MULTIPLE SYSTEMS
numA= [1 2];
dnumA=[2 1 3];
sysA=tf(numA, dnumA)
numB= [1];
dnumB=[1 1];
sysB=tf(numB, dnumB)
sys1= parallel(sysA,sysB)
numC= [1 2];
dnumC=[2 1 3];
sysC=tf(numC, dnumC)
numD= [1];
dnumD=[1 1];
sysD=tf(numD, dnumD)

12
 sys2= series(sysC,sysD)
linearSystemAnalyzer(sys1,sys2)

RESULT

DISTINGUISH PLOTS BY INSERT LEGEND AND LINE

PROPERTIES
COMMAND
linearSystemAnalyzer(sys1,'r-^',sys2,'m-^’);
Legend

DISTINGUISH PLOT USING

color
Marker
Line style

FINAL RESULTS

13
14
POST LAB TASK /HOME TASK

15
COMMAND
n1=[1 ];
d1=[1 0.2 1];
sys1=tf(n1,d1)

n2=[1];
d2=[1 0.8 1];
sys2=tf(n2,d2)

n3=[1 ];
d3=[1 1.4 1];
sys3=tf(n3,d3)

n4=[1];
d4=[1 2 1];
sys4=tf(n4,d4)

n5=[1];
d5=[1 4 1];
sys5=tf(n5,d5)
linearSystemAnalyzer(sys1,sys2,sys3,sys4,sys5)
legend

TABLE
ZETA Rise Time Peak Time %Overshoot Settling Time Steady

0.1 1.13 3.14 72.9 38.4 1

0.4 1.47 3.45 25.4 8.41 1

0.7 2.13 4.41 4.41 5.98 1

1.0 3.36 >20 0 5.83 1

2.0 8.23 >60 0 14.9 1

16
GRAPH

17