NAME: JOHNREN G.

BOOC DATE: 10/05/2023

COURSE & SECTION: BS PSYCH 1-B SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

CHARLES DARWIN &

EVOLUTION
Charles Darwin appears to be an impossible revolutionary at first glance. Growing up as a mild-mannered member of a prosperous
British family, he appeared to be aimless and directionless, at least to his father. Darwin, though, showed a keen interest in the
environment even as a child. Later, while studying botany at Cambridge University, he was offered the opportunity to work as an
honorary naturalist on the HMS Beagle, a navy vessel embarking on a world-wide exploration journey. Darwin took full advantage of
plenty of opportunities to learn about the diversity of life on the planet and obtain both living and fossilized specimens for research
purposes throughout nearly five years at sea, during which time the Beagle investigated the coast of South America and halted in
such places as Australia and, most famously, the Galapagos Islands. Darwin kept going contemplating on the events that he had
witnessed when the Beagle landed to England in October 1836, and over the course of the course of the following two years created
the fundamental idea of the revolutionary theory of evolution by natural selection. But, preserve from a small number of scholarly
colleagues, Darwin concealed the conclusions he reached on the origin and evolution of life to himself. Indeed, Darwin wasn't able to
publish his now-famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, till 1859, more than 20 years after developing
his theory of evolution. If Alfred Russel Wallace, another British biologist, had not independently come up with a very identical idea in
1858, On the Origin of Species might never have had the chance to be written, even if it had been published. Darwin was inspired by
Wallace's assertion that he was aware that his own studies had brought him to a similar conclusion decades earlier. Considering it
was from the era of Victorian gentlemen, the two scientists decided to put out their writings on the issue together. On July 1, 1858,
their work, which included a collection of Darwin's earlier notes and an article by Wallace, was read to the Linnean Society, a
gathering of naturalists in London. The next year, Darwin released On the Origin of Species, a detailed explanation of his evolutionary
views. The book became an instant best-seller and generated an enormous amount of controversy. The younger Darwin's
accomplishment was to provide credible and attractive reasoning for how species develop and to utilize this explanation in order to
follow the evolution of life. He contended that all current organisms originated from a small number of original or founder species.
Darwin compared the evolution of life to a giant tree, with the trunk signifying these few common ancestors and an enormous
number of branches and twigs reflecting the vast variety of species that have arisen from them.

Darwin credited its evolution to two sources. The first factor, according to Darwin, is that each living animal is distinguished from its
parents by tiny changes. Darwin, who referred to these variances as "variations," recognized that they had an impact but not their
causation; the concept of genetic mutation, and therefore the scientific study of genetics, would not emerge fully until the early
twentieth century. The second aspect, Darwin claimed, is that, while variations are random, some of them provide definite
advantages, such as stronger camouflage, a heartier constitution, or greater speed, that better equip a creature to thrive in its
environment. A better likelihood of surviving means more chances to breed and pass on desirable traits to a larger number of kids.
As time goes on, this benefit extends across a species, increasing the species' chances of survival and reproduction. Thus, tiny
changes develop and assemble over many generations, eventually transforming into larger modifications and, maybe, a new species.
Their offspring inherited the characteristic, and it eventually spread abundant, and consequently, they adapt to their environment. And
they continue to grow and change for thousands of generations, eventually becoming a distinct species that can no longer mate with
the primitive species or another that has evolved into a specialized one.

Darwin was widely regarded as the highest-quality scientist of his generation by the time he died in 1882. Furthermore, the very
religion whose principles he objected to gave him a full state funeral and burial at Westminster Abbey, near Sir Isaac Newton's grave.
Darwin's dissertation was still controversial, but by the time he died, it had achieved widespread support in Britain, including among
many Anglican clergy. In fact, some of his fellow citizens saw his confinement in the abbey as an expression of an unsettling balance
between science and religion in Britain. Despite the fact that Darwin's theory is still going strong, Darwin has committed several
inaccuracies, especially that he never described the origin of the species—he did not grasp what it is that pushes the process of
evolution, which is generally quite slow. It was born with several benefits over non-scientific explanations, which are simply theories
that are challenging to establish. Concepts in science change on a regular basis, just as in nature, and the ones that survive are the
ones that are best matched to reality.