RESURGENCE OF INDUSTRY & COMMERCE

IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA

Dr. HARIDAYAL SHARMA

M.Com, M.Phil. M.F.M. M.B.A., Ph.D.

EDITOR

PG & Research Department of Commerce

Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College
(Autonomous), Linguistic Minority Institution
Reaccredited with A++ Grade by NAAC
College with Potential for Excellence
(Affiliated to University of Madras)
Arumbakkam, Chennai – 600 106.
First Edition: April 2023

Editor: Dr. Haridayal Sharma

ISBN: 978-9-3578642-3-7

Price: Free of cost

Post Graduate & Research Department of Commerce

DG VAISHNAV COLLEGE
Arumbakkam, Chennai – 600 106.
 ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Dr. Ashok Kumar Mundhra, Secretary

Patron

Capt. Dr. S. Santhosh Baboo, Principal

Convenor

Dr. S. Seshadrinathan, H.O.D - Commerce

Conference Director

Dr. Haridayal Sharma, Assistant Professor - Commerce

Organizing Secretary

Organizing Team: Faculty Members of PG & Research

Department of Commerce
 PREFACE

India would become a $3.47 trillion economy (IMF) in the current financial year
(2022-23) and is expected to be in fourth position by 2025-26. The projection of
reaching the third position by the year 2028, overtaking Japan could be quite
feasible (World Bank). The advantage of demographic dividend, huge consumer
base, easing of regulations, conducive policy framework & its implementation
along with work ethos and culture; all set to make the above-mentioned
projections a reality. However, the challenges are aplenty. The select papers aims
at probing the following themes.
➢ Indian Business in the post-pandemic Era
➢ International conflicts and Geo-politics via a vis Indian businesses
➢ Indian Models of Business Development and Ethics
➢ Role of Spirituality in Organizational Behaviour
➢ Role of India’s soft power in International Business
➢ International terrorism and its impact on business
➢ Role of Indian Tourism in economic growth
➢ Adoption of international accounting standards
➢ Tax and policy reforms
➢ Insurance, Mutual funds and credit rating
I am sure the papers contributed by the policy makers, researchers and
academicians will help extending the deliberations on the contemporary issues
concerning industry and commerce.

CHENNAI
APRIL, 2023 HARIDAYAL SHARMA

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I convey my gratitude to Dr. Ashok Kumar Mundhra, Secretary, the board of

management of Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College for his
motivation and encouragement.

I am thankful to Capt. Dr. Santhosh Baboo, Principal, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan

Doss Vaishnav College for his support and invaluable advice and insights.

I am thankful to Dr. S. Seshadrinathan, Head of the Department (Commerce -

Aided), for all the encouragement and cooperation in completing this work.

I thank the team of faculty members of Commerce department (Aided) for their
inputs and assistance in completing the task.

I am thankful to all the researchers who have contributed their research papers/
articles. Surely, the papers will enrich the knowledge of the readers vis-à-vis the
contemporary scenario of industry and commerce.

I owe my gratitude to the almighty for providing all the strength and confidence
to complete this task.

HARIDAYAL SHARMA

ii
 CONTENTS

1 A STUDY ON DIGITAL PAYMENTS SYSTEM WITH 1-7

PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMERS ADOPTION – A CASE STUDY
M. BALAJI & Dr. A. KRISHNAN

2 CUSTOMERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS E-PHARMACY: AN 8-18

EMPIRICAL STUDY
Ms. PRIYADHARSHNI M & Ms. ALLENSIL S

3 THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ON THE 19-32

FIRMS’ MARKET VALUE: A STUDY ON LISTED FIRMS IN THE
S&P SENSEX 50
Dr. D. UTHIRA & S. NISHKALA

4 SOCIAL MEDIA EDU-INFLUENCERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON 33-41

TRANS-PARA SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP AND SOCIAL CAPITAL
Mrs. ANUPAMA. R & Dr. UTHIRA. D

5 A STUDY ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 42-48

-WITH REFERENCE TO CHENNAI CITY
Dr. B. SELVAKUMARI

6 HR ANALYTICS: THE DRIVER OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT 49-54

IN THE MODERN BUSINESS - HR COMPETENCY FOR THE
FUTURE
Mr. K. M. VINAY KUMAR

7 A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS KHADI 55-67

BEAUTY PRODUCTS, CHENNAI CITY
V. SAMYUKTHA & Dr. A. PUNITHA

8 ROLE AND INNOVATION OF BANKING SECTOR – A STUDY 68-74

ON GREEN BANKING INITIATIVES IN PRIVATE SECTOR
BANKS
Dr. S. CHANDRASEKARAN & M. NARAYANAN

9 IMPACT OF SELF-HELP GROUPS LOAN DISBURSEMENT ON 75-82

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Mr. SATHVIK S
10 PUBLIC PERCEPTION IN KARNATAKA ON DIGITAL RUPEE 83-91
MADHU G & Dr. G.V. NARASIMHAN

11 A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AMONG 92-101

HANDLOOM WEAVERS IN RANIPUR BLOCK OF JHANSI
DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH
Dr. KANISHK VERMA

12 SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INITIATING 102-107

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
VISHAL KRISHNAN M & Dr. HARIDAYAL SHARMA

13 GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS AND INDIA: IMPACT & POLICY 108-112

RESPONSE
Dr. C. SUNITA

14 SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING - A MODERN MARKETING 113-120

PLATFORM
RAVEENA S K & Dr. HARIDAYAL SHARMA

15 A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF CURRICULUM IN LEADERSHIP 121-128

DEVELOPMENT
Dr. SARADHA.A

16 IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION STRATEGIES IN AN 129-135

ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
S. RUQIYA FIRDOUS & Dr. T. BHARATHI

17 FUTURE OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT AND ITS 136-144

CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR: A STUDY ON ELECTRIC TWO
WHEELERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHENNAI CITY
Ms. V. PUSHPALATHA & Ms. S. PRIYADHARSHINI

18 A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AND SPIRITUALITY 145-153

AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN CHENNAI CITY
Dr. R. UMA & VAISHNAVI T

19 FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A CRITICAL VIEW IN THE 154-166

CONTEXT OF INDIAN EXPERIENCE
ATHIKHO STEPHEN K, Dr. S. ANTHONY RAHUL GOLDEN,
LAWRENCE BENADICT & LIGY C. O
20 A STUDY ON RURAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS 167-177
ONLINE SHOPPING
G. U. ABINESHWAR & Dr. V. MURUGAN

21 UPSKILLING, RESKILLING AND CROSS SKILLING: A 178-188

STRATEGIC RESPONSE TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Prof. SAVITA SHASTRI & Prof. RINKU MATHEW MODOOR

22 RISK-RETURN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED CONSTRUCTION 189-193

SECTOR STOCKS
Prof. PRAKRUTHI N UDUPA & Dr. SANTOSHA SHANBHAG

23 A STUDY ON IMPACT OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON BUYING 194-204

BEHAVIOUR OF WORKING WOMENS (WITH SPECIFIC
REFERENCE TO BENGALURU CITY)
Dr. KANTHAMMA H K & Prof. ASHA B L

24 A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF REMOTE WORKING (Work from 205-210

Home) ON THE EMPLOYEES WORK LIFE BALANCE WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OUTSOURCING & IT INDUSTRIES
IN CHENNAI CITY
DHIVAKAR.T & Dr. R. BALAGURU

25 THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY BY SELF-HELP 211-218

GROUPS IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Dr. G. VIJAYALAKSHMI

26 FACTORS DETERMINING FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG 219-230

WOMEN IN VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT
RUKMINI MURUGESAN & Dr. V. MANOHAR

27 IMPACT OF GST IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 231-247

ARUNMOZHI A

28 A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSUMER 248-253

PERCEPTION TOWARDS DIGITAL MARKETING WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHENNAI CITY.
Dr. R. UMA & KEERTHI T

29 A STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING OF STOCK MARKET AMONG 254-257

SALARIED PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
CHENNAI CITY
SHILPA S
30 A STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A 258-267
CHANNEL OF DIGITAL MARKETING
V. GAYATHRI & Dr. SHIRLINE DAVID

31 RISK, UNCERTAINTY AND REGULATION: A CONTESTATION 268-277

Dr. PANKAJ CHOUDHURY

32 A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A 278-287

MARKETING TOOL FROM THE VIEW POINT OF SOCIAL
MEDIA USERS
Dr. M. ANITA & K. NIHAARIKA

33 CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN 288-296

REAL ESTATE
Dr. R. UMA & HARINI R

34 A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF NABARD AND FINANCIAL 297-304

INITIATIVES TAKEN IN DEVELOPING TRIBAL PEOPLE IN
INDIA
NASIR UDDIN SHEIKH

35 A STUDY OF DIGITAL MARKETING ON SELECTED 305-314

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE DINDIGUL DISTRICT
R. VIGNESH & Dr. M. SOUNDARAPANDIAN

36 CONSUMERS’ DRIVE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING 315-323

Dr. R. UMA

37 A STUDY ON JOB PREFERENCE AND CAREER OPTION 324-327

DURING COVID-19 SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STUDENTS
PERSPECTIVE IN CHENNAI CITY
SHYAM SUNDAR J

38 A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PREFERENCES TOWARDS FITNESS 328-331

EQUIPMENTS DURING COVID-19 WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO CHENNAI CITY
M. VENKATESH

39 A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF E-BANKING AMONG WOMEN 332-336

ENTREPRENEURS IN CHENNAI CITY
Ms. S. VISHALI
40 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CASH FLOW STATEMENT OF 337-346
STATE BANK OF INDIA AND H.D.F.C BANK
GAYATRI GUHA ROY & LAXMIKANTA MISHRA

41 EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CONSUMER BUYING 347-353

BEHAVIOUR- A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO COLLEGE
STUDENTS IN CHENNAI
Mrs. P. SELVI & Dr. S. PRABAKARAN

42 CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF RURAL MARKETING 354-360

WITH REFERENCE TO THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT.
Ms. DHIVYA S & Ms. IERIN BENITA J

43 A STUDY ON GREEN MARKETING'S PERCEIVED EFFECT ON 361-367

CONSUMERS WITH REFERENCE TO CHENNAI
Ms. S. BALAKUMARI & Ms. T. YUVALAKSHMI

44 “DISPARITY AND DIMENSIONS OF METAVERSE 368-374

APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MARKETING AT THIS
CONTEMPORARY WORLD”
Mrs. DENCY MARY.P

45 A STUDY ON PERCEPTION OF MICRO ENTREPRENEURS 375-381

TOWARDS FINANCIAL PROBLEM IN TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT
V. PAUL SUDAHAR & Dr. P. LOURDES POOBALA RAYEN

46 A STUDY ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE TO BRAND OF SONY 382-388

LED TV WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TIRUVALLUR DIST.
S. DEIVAYANAI & Dr. M. CHANDRAN

47 EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH SKILL DEVELOPMENT 389-397

Dr. MARY GEETHAM. R

48 A STUDY ON OPPORTUNITIES AND PROBLEMS OF RURAL 398-404

MARKETING
NAGENDRA T & GEETHA N

49 EMERGING SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS IN DIGITAL 405-409

MARKETING
Dr. S. ARUNA

50 A STUDY ON RURAL MARKETING: PROBLEMS AND 410-416

PROSPECTS
BAWEL VERMA & Dr. PRAGYA SINGH
51 A STUDY ON SMART MARKETING STRATEGIES THAT 417-424
LEADS TO A POSITIVE RESULT
Dr. D. ANTO PRAVIN SINGH & Dr. A. THANDAUTHAPANI

52 CONCEPT & RELEVANCE OF ‘720 DEGREE PERFORMANCE 425-430

APPRAISAL SYSTEM’
ABINESH S

53 WELFARE SCHEMES FOR PASSENGERS BY TRANSPORT 431-435

CORPORATIONS IN TAMILNADU
A. VENKATESH & M.R.G SUBRAMANIAN

54 BUILDING BLOCKS OF QUALITY WORKPLACE 436-441

ENVIRONMENT
SHIMMY FRANCIS, Dr. SANGEETHA R,
Dr. LAKSHMI SHANKAR IYYER & Dr SATHYASEELAN B

55 NEURO MARKETING: THE PARADIGM SHIFT 442-446

(A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO TATA SAMPANN PRODUCT)
Dr. R. ABINAYA, B.S. PRAKALYA & V. EZHIL

56 PITFALLS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AT GLOBAL 447-453

SCENARIO
MADHAVAN. S. S & DASHA. K

57 A STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF FUTURE WOMEN 454-462

ENTREPRENEURS RELATED TO COLLEGE GOING
STUDENTS IN VELLORE CITY
R. GOWRI

58 ROLE OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF 463-468

INDIA
Mrs. PRIYA SARDA & Dr. AJAYKUMAR PALWE

59 A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER BUYING 469-475

BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SMARTPHONES WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE IN THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT
Mr. M. SRINIVASAN & Dr. S. PRABAKARAN

60 STUDY ON DISRUPTS IN MOBILE PAYMENT APPLICATIONS 476-481

FROM CONSUMERS’ PERCEPTION: A SPECIAL REFERENCE
WITH CHENNAI DISTRICT
ADHARSH.G
61 DIFFICULTIES FACED BY SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGERS AND 482-486
MEASURES TO OVERCOME
KANAGARAJ V

62 THE GROWTH OF DIGITAL CURRENCY AND ITS FUTURE IN 487-494

INDIA
Dr. M. R. GEETHA
Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

11

A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AMONG HANDLOOM

WEAVERS IN RANIPUR BLOCK OF JHANSI DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH

Dr. KANISHK VERMA*

ABSTRACT
Background- The handloom industry is unorganized in India and is one of the largest
unorganised sectors. The objective of this study was to study the socio-economic status
of Handloom weavers.
Methods- The study is based on Ranipur Nagar Panchayat of Mauranipur Tehsil of
Jhansi district. The present study is a descriptive study. Purposive random sampling has
used for the study. Data was collected by the interview schedule in the context of 120
Handloom workers.
Results- The study reveals majority of the respondents belong to SC category, and most
of them are married. The majority of weavers are illiterate or low educated and have big
family sizes. 37.5% of weavers earn 3000 to 6000 monthly. 53.3% are dissatisfied due to
low profits and 46.7% of respondent wants to change their occupation for better income.
47.5% of respondents have Musculoskeletal Pain. 39.2% of the respondents are
dissatisfied from light and air communication system in the Workplace. Majority of
weavers dissatisfied from transportation system and electricity supply in region.

KEYWORDS- Handloom, Weavers, Unorganized Sector, Informal Sector, Socio-Economic.

INTRODUCTION
After agriculture, the handloom sector is one of the largest unorganised economic activities. It
is a natural productive asset and tradition at the cottage level that has been nurtured and grown
via skill transfer from one generation to the next. Handloom weaving is primarily
decentralised, and the weavers are typically from the weaker and more vulnerable sectors of
society. They weave for their own needs as well as for the requirements of the textile industry.
The weavers in this sector are preserving the old crafts from many States. The level of
craftsmanship and complexity accomplished in handwoven fabrics is unmatched, and some
weaves and designs are still inaccessible to contemporary machinery.1
According to the Fourth All India Handloom Census, there are 31.45 lakh families in India
involved in handloom activities (weaving and related activities). This is an increase from the
Third Census, which had a total of 27.83 lakhs. Nearly 72% of handloom weavers are women,
and there are 22.5 lakh (or 88.7%) weaver households in rural areas and 2.8 lakh (or 11.3%) in
urban areas. Only 2.4% of weavers in both urban and rural areas are between the ages of 14

*
Independent Researcher, Vermakanishk446@gmail.com, Mob: 8081716983, Address: C –
4242 Sector – 12, Rajajipuram, Lucknow 226017
92
 Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

and 18. One in four weavers have not completed primary school, and 14% have not obtained
any formal education at all.2
Ranipur once used to make a famous cloth which was known all over the country by the name
of 'Ranipur Tericot'. Ranipur was known as Mini Mumbai because of the high quality cloth
made in it. Started in 1890 in Ranipur. Textile work started in this area around 1890, at that
time Janta Sarees, Jejam, Khes Qasmi etc. were made. The trade of tericot cloth started in
Ranipur around 1975, in which pants, shirts, suiting-shirting, rugs, parya, chadar, kurta-pajama
were made. The people here used to get work at their home only. Handloom and powerloom
work was the main means of livelihood of the people at large. After 1975, this industry of
Ranipur tericot fell into a state of death due to chaos. Uninterrupted supply of electricity acts
as the lifeline for the industries but the power situation of the region continued to deteriorate.
As a result, the production of this door-to-door industry started getting affected. On the other
hand, due to the increase in the number of middlemen shopkeepers between the cloth makers
and the buyers, the weavers were forced to pay more and more brokerage. On the one hand
there was a decrease in production, on the other hand the percentage of brokerage increased
and the administration did not even establish good sales centers for the weavers to buy and sell
their goods.3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Nazneen Akhtar (2013)4 Studied the cottage industry, especially the handloom sector, which
is one of the most productive sectors in Assam. It employs a large portion of the rural
community. The aim of this study is to find out about the socio-economic and working
conditions of the weavers. The results of the study reveal that the laborers are facing many
problems such as lack of capital, credit facilities, poor working conditions, non-
availability/shortage of raw materials, and poor implementation of government schemes.
G. Naga Raju and K. Viyyanna Rao (2014)5 examine the socio-economic conditions of
handloom weavers working in the sample area of Guntur district. Guntur district is one of the
districts with significant number of weavers in Andhra Pradesh. Age is one of the important
social factors that affect the social, economic and demographic status of any country, age is an
acquired characteristic in the life cycle of human beings. It is clear that knitting is not a
preferred option for youth under the age of 18. Similarly, the percentage of respondents in the
age group of 18-35 years is only 10.5 against the national average of 49.1. A similar trend can
be observed in respect of persons in the age group of 36-45 years. The number of people joining
weaving profession after crossing 18 years is also very less. Another startling revelation is that
there is a significant number of people engaged in weaving after the age of 60. The survey
conducted for the present study indicated that 18.3 per cent of the sample weavers were
illiterate. Most of the sample weavers i.e. 70.7 per cent have education up to primary level and
only 11.00 per cent of them have education up to secondary level.
Tasneem Shazli & Abdul Munir (2014)6 Studied the Women's participation in handloom
industry of Mubarakpur town of Aligarh district. In the present study the sample size is 300
and the data has been collected by simple random sampling method. From the study of the data
it is known that 55 percent of the women belong to the age group of 15-29. 64 percent women
are married and 28 percent are unmarried. 52 percent women weavers are illiterate and 48
percent are educated. 51 percent women have received primary education. Statistics show that

93
Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

15.75 percent women do this work due to poverty, 25.00 percent due to unemployment, 17.93
percent due to illiteracy, 12.39 percent due to tradition. 12.00 percent women weavers earn less
than Rs.50 per day and 39.00 percent women earn Rs.50-100 per day. 77.00 percent women
work for more than 10 hours. 7.2 percent women are facing weakness problem, 26.2 percent
women are facing eye problem.
Sandhya Rani Das (2015)7 Studied traditional handloom industry. This study has been done
in Bargah district of Odisha. The primary data has been collected through interview schedule.
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the socio-economic status of weavers and
handloom industry. The socio-economic status of the weavers is low. Most of the workers work
for more than 8 hours. Most of the weavers use traditional machines only. The socio-economic
condition of the weavers and the condition of the handloom industry in Bargah district is bad.
Shaw Tanushree (2015)8 Studied the traditional handloom weavers of Varanasi. This study
has been done to understand the problems of handloom weavers of Varanasi. The present study
is descriptive in nature. Data collection has been done through in-depth interview, semi-
structured interview, case study, focused group discussion. The present study shows that the
exploitation of weavers has reached the highest level. Weavers do not get real wages.
Handloom weavers are leaving their work in Varanasi and going to other cities for higher
income. Capitalist production, invention of powerloom, increasing cost of yarn/business, low
wages have pushed handloom industries towards closure.
Geeta Bari (2016)9 studied muscular problems among women weavers of Lakhimpur district
of Assam. Descriptive and experimental research methods have been used in the present study.
Analyzing the data, it is clear that most of the women have the problem of muscular pain.
Kalyan Sarkar (2016)10 studied the health problems of handloom weavers. The present study
is descriptive, according to the findings of the study, 52 percent of the respondents are male
and 48 percent are female. Maximum respondents are between the age group of 31-40. 60
percent of the respondents work for 11-12 hours. The maximum number of health problems
among weavers are muscular problems like joint pain, back pain, knee pain. This is due to
working for long hours in various harmful conditions.
Seema Awasthi and Padam S. Bisht (2017)11 studied the socio-economic status of chikan
artisans of Kakori block, Lucknow. This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods
of data collection. Primary data has been collected with the help of questionnaire and personal
interview. Its stratified random sampling method has been used for the selection of the
sample. Chikan embroiderers in the age group of 15 to 75 years are engaged in this work. The
maximum percentage (45 percent) of Chikan embroideries are in the age group of 30 to 45
years. Net average household income of Rs. is 9730. The education status of these workers is
very low, most of the workers (36.5 percent) are illiterate and only 5.00 percent of workers are
graduates. It is very evident that 55.00 percent of households are under debt. Socio-economic
tensions are one of the major consequences of his business. Safety measures are not provided
or adopted by them while working. They are being taken advantage of by the mediators. There
is no specified time limit/framework for them. On average, they had to work for about 10
hours/per day.

94
 Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

OBJECTIVES
1. To study the socio-economic conditions of Handloom weavers.
2. Examine the working conditions of Handloom weavers.
3. Evaluate the health status of Handloom weavers.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The present study is based on Ranipur Nagar Panchayat of Mauranipur Tehsil of Jhansi district.
The present study is based on handloom weavers. The present study is a descriptive study.
Purposive random sampling has been used for the study. The data collected by the interview
schedule in the context of 120 Handloom weavers have been presented in the form of a table
corresponding to the questions by categorizing them for statistical analysis. In order to draw
empirical evidence for the study frequency analysis has been done using SPSS 21.

INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND DISCUSSION

Table: 1 Age
Age Frequency Percent
Below 20 Years 7 5.8
21-40 42 35.0
41-60 55 45.8
More than 60 16 13.3
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
According to the above table majority of the respondents belongs to 41-60 age group that is
out of 120 respondents, 55 (45.8%). and 42 (35.0%) respondents are from 21-40 age group.
The lowest 07 (5.8%) respondents are from below 20 year age group and 16 (13.03%) are from
more than 60 age group.
Table: 2 Gender
Gender Frequency Percent
Male 84 70.0
Female 36 30.0
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
According to the above table majority of the respondents are male that is out of 120
respondents, 84 (70.0%) are male. The lowest 36 (30.00%) respondents are female.
Table: 3 Caste
Caste Frequency Percent
General 9 7.5
OBC 13 10.8
SC 98 81.7
Total 120 100.0

95
Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

According to the above table majority of the respondents belongs to SC category that is out of
120 respondents, 98 (81.7%) are from SC category. The lowest 9 (7.5%) respondents are from
General category and 13 (10.8%) are from OBC category.

Table: 4 Marital Status

Marital Status Frequency Percent
Married 81 67.5
Unmarried 29 24.2
widow 10 8.3
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
According to the above table majority of the respondents are married. That is out of 120
respondents, 81 (67.5%) are married. The lowest number 10 (8.3%) are widowed and 29
(24.2%) are unmarried.
Table: 5 Education
Education Frequency Percent
Illiterate 24 20.0
Primary School 49 40.8
Below 10th Std. 22 18.3
Below 12th Std. 15 12.5
Graduation 10 8.3
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
According to the above table, maximum 40.8% of the respondents are primary educated and
20.0% respondents are Illiterate. 18.3% of the respondents have taken high school education
and 12.5% of the respondents have obtained Intermediate education and lowest 8.3% of the
respondents are graduate.

Table: 6 Family Members

Family Members Frequency Percent
Less than 5 36 30.0
6 - 10 60 50.0
11 and Above 24 20.0
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
From the facts of the above table it is known that maximum number of family members of
50.0% of the respondents is between 6 -10 and 30.0% of the family members are 5 or less than
5, 20.0% of the number of family members of the respondents is between 11 and more.

96
 Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

Table: 7 Daily Work Hours

Daily Work Hours Frequency Percent
6 Hours 15 12.5
8 Hours 69 57.5
10 Hours 29 24.2
12 Hours 7 5.8
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
It is clear from the above table that maximum 57.5% of the respondents work 8 hours and
24.2%. Work 10 hours in a day. Lowest 12.5% respondents work 6 hours and 5.8% work 12
hours.
Table: 8 Average Monthly Income
Average Monthly Income Frequency Percent
Less than 3000 26 21.7
3000 – 6000 45 37.5
6000 – 9000 36 30.0
More than 9000 13 10.8
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
It is clear from the observation of the above table that the maximum 37.5% of respondents’
Average monthly income is between 3000 to 6000 and 30.0% of respondents’ income is
between 6000 to 9000. 10.8% of the Respondent’s income is more than 9000rs. And 21.7% of
respondents’ income is less than 3000rs.
Table: 9 Ancestral Occupation
Ancestral Occupation Frequency Percent
Yes 93 77.5
No 27 22.5
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
According to the above table majority of the respondents, occupation is ancestral that is out of
120 respondents, 93 (77.5%) occupation is ancestral.
Table: 10 Housing Conditions
Housing Conditions Frequency Percent
Kaccha 17 14.2
Pucca 64 53.3
Semi Pucca 39 32.5
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey

97
Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

According to the above table majority of the respondents 53.3% have pucca house and 32.5%
have semi pucca house whereas 14.2% have kuccha house.

Table: 11 Occupational Problems

Occupational Problems Frequency Percent
Low Profit / Wages 64 53.3
Lack of rest 16 13.3
Heavy Work Load 15 12.5
Low Demand 25 20.8
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
Studying the above table, it is revealed that majority of respondents 53.3% are dissatisfied due
to low profits or wages, 20.8% respondents are dissatisfied due to low demand and 13.3%
respondents are dissatisfied due to lack of rest and 12.5% are dissatisfied due to heavy work
load.
Table: 12 Reason for Change in Current Occupation
Reason for Change in Current Occupation Frequency Percent
For Better Income 56 46.7
For Better Occupation 45 37.5
For Better Social Status 19 15.8
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
It is known from the study of the above table that 46.7% respondent wants to change their
occupation for better income. 37.5% respondent wants to change their occupation for better
occupation. While 15.8% respondent wants to change their occupation for better social status.

Table: 13 Health Condition

Health Condition Frequency Percent
Musculoskeletal Pain 57 47.5
Eye Problem 14 11.7
Respiratory Problem 10 8.3
Other Problems 25 20.8
No major healthProblems 14 11.7
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
Looking at the above table it is clear that 47.5% of the maximum respondents have
Musculoskeletal pain, 11.7% have Eye Problem and 8.3% have Respiratory Problem. 20.8%
have other Problems. Whereas 11.7% respondents have no major health problems.

98
 Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

Table: 14 Satisfaction from Light and Air Communication System in the Workplace
Satisfaction from Light and Air Frequency Percent
Communication System in the Workplace
Highly Satisfied 9 7.5
Satisfied 11 9.2
Neutral 27 22.5
Dissatisfied 47 39.2
Highly Dissatisfied 26 21.7
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
Maximum 39.2% of the respondents said that they are dissatisfied from light and air
communication system in the Workplace while 21.7% respondents are highly dissatisfied.
22.5% respondents are neutral. Whereas 9.2% respondents are satisfied and 7.5% respondents
are highly satisfied.

Table: 15 Satisfaction towards the Work to Current Environment

Satisfaction towards the Work to Current Environment Frequency Percent
Highly Satisfied 8 6.7
Satisfied 18 15.0
Neutral 31 25.8
Dissatisfied 46 38.3
Highly Dissatisfied 17 14.2
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
Maximum 38.3% of the respondents said that they are dissatisfied to work in current physical
environment while 25.8% respondents are neutral and 14.2% respondents are highly
dissatisfied. Whereas 15.0% respondents are satisfied and 6.7% respondents are highly
satisfied.

Table: 16 Satisfaction from Transportation

Satisfaction from Transportation Frequency Percent

Yes 45 37.5
No 75 62.5
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
Maximum 62.5% of the respondents are not satisfied from the transportation system in region
whereas 37.5% are satisfied.

99
Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

Table: 17 Satisfaction from Electricity Supply

Satisfaction from Electricity Supply Frequency Percent

Yes 24 20.0
No 96 80.0
Total 120 100.0
Source: Primary Survey
Maximum 80.0% of the respondents are not satisfied from electricity supply in region whereas
20.0% are satisfied.

CONCLUSION
The study reveals that the handloom industry in Ranipur is a sick unit and GST and covid19
worsened the situation. The socio-economic status of weavers is not good. The majority of
handloom weavers belong to kori caste and weaving is their ancestral work or caste-based
work. According to the Fourth All India Handloom Census nearly 72% of handloom weavers
are women but in Ranipur majority of weavers are male. Women and children help in their
work. The Handloom industry is basically unorganized in Ranipur and middleman take
advantage of them. More than 37.5 percent of weavers’ income is between 3000-6000 and 21.7
percent weavers’ income is less than 3000. Most of the weavers are dissatisfied with their work.
Youths are not interested in weaving. Most of the weavers work more than 8 hours per day.
Due to work continuously in same posture and repetitive action, majority of weavers have
Musculoskeletal Pain and due to bad working conditions they have problems related to eyes
and respiration.

REFERENCES
• Note on Handloom Sector, Office of Handloom Development Commissioner, Ministry of
Textile, Government of India, 2015
• Fourth all India Handloom Census 2019-2020, Office of the Development Commissioner
of Handloom, Ministry of Textile, Government of India, 2020
• http://www.univarta.com/terricot-industry-of-mouranipur-in-jhansi-due-to-official-
neglect/features/news/1098704.html.
• Akhtar, Nazneen; Socio-Economic and Structural Analysis of Cottage Industry Workers:
A Case Study from a Remote Area of Assam, India, Clarion, Vol.2 No.2, PP-59-64, 2013.
• Raju, G. Naga and Rao, K. Viyyanna, A study on Socio-Economic Condition of Health
Weavers, Journal of Rural Development, Vol.33, No.3, 2014
• Shazli, Tasneem and Munir, Abdul; Female Work Participation in Handloom Industry- A
Case Study of Mubarakpur Town, Azamgarh District U.P., Journal of Education and
Social Policy, Vol.1 No.1, 2014.
• Das, Rani, Sandhya; Socio-Economic Profile of Handloom Weaving Community: A Case
Study of Bargarh District, Odisha, Master’s Dissertation, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, Odisha, India, 2015.

100
 Resurgence of Industry & Commerce in Contemporary India

• Tanushree, Shaw; A Study of the Present Situation of the Traditional Handloom Weavers
of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, International Research Journal of Sciences, Vol.4 (3)
pp. 48-53, 2015.
• Bari, Geeta; Musculo-Skeletal Problems of Women weavers in Handloom Industry of
Lakhimpur District, Assam, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,
Vol.6 Issue.12, 2016.
• Sarkar, Kalyan; A Study on Health Issues of Weavers (Handloom Weaving), International
Journal of Technology Research and Management, Vol.3 Issue.11, 2016.
• Seema Awasthi and Padam S. Bisht; Socio-Economic Condition of Chikan Workers of
Kakori Block In Lucknow. Int J Recent Sci Res. 8(9), pp. 19841-19844, 2017
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2017.0809.0771

101