Three Phase Induction Motors

Basic Electrical Engineering 10 -8

-

This is maximum value of slip s possible for alternator is

Ex. 10.4.3 A 12 pole, 3 phase coupled to
induction motor which occurs at start. 500 rp.m. Tt supplies an
an engine running at
.While s = 0 gives us N = N which is not possible induction motor, which has a full load speed of
for an induction motor. So slip of induction motor 1440 rp.m. Find the percentage slip and the number of

cannot be zero under any circumstances. poles of the motor.

Practically operates in the slip range of 0.01

motor VTU: Feb.-07, Marks 6, Aug.-05; Feb,-05; Aug.-11, Marks 6
to 0.05 i.e. 1 % to 5 %. The slip corresponding to
120f
full load speed of the motor is called full load slip. Sol. For an alternator, Ns F'A
500x12
Ex. 10.4.1 A3 phase, 50 Hz, 6 pole induction motor has
=
50 Hz
120
a full load percentage slip of 3 %. Find i) Synchronous
Induction motor
speed and i) Actual speed. VTU: Jan.-03, Marks 4 Alternator
PA 12 N= 1440 rp.m
Sol.: f= 50 Hz, P = 6, s = 3 % = 0.03. PM Poles
Ns 500 r.p.m.

120 f 120x50=
i) N P 6
1000 r.p.m. For an induction motor, speed is 1440 r.p.m. and
than less
practically actual speed is slightly the
... Synchronous speed
synchronous speed. Hence the synchronous speed for
an induction motor has to be 1500 r.p.m.
ii) %s -

Ns 100 Ns = 1500 r.p.m. ... For motor

i.e. N N , (1-s) = 1000 (1 0.03) 120 f

But Ns
= 970 r-p.m.
Actual speed PM

PM 120x50
1500 44 ... Poles of motor
Ex. 10.4.2 A 10 pole induction motor supplied by a 6
pole alternator, which is driven at 1200 rpm. f the motor %S 100 = 1500 1440 =4 %
runs at slip of 3 %, what is its speed ? Ns 1500
VTU:Aug.-06; June-10, Marks 6; July-08, Jan.-17, Marks 5
120 f
Sol.: For alternator, Ng Ex. 10.4.4 An 8-pole alternator runs at 750 r.p.m and
PA supplies power to a 6-pole induction motor which runs at
970 rp.m. What is the slip of the induction motor?
Alternator
PA
Induction motor
PM 10
VTU:Jan.-15, Marks6
N 1200 r.p.m. Sol.: P =8, Ns = 750 r.p.m. alternator

f 1200x6 - 60 Hz P 6, N = 970 r.p.m. induction motor

120
120f
For induction motor, For alternator, Ns p
Ns N 120 f 750x8
and Ns ie. f = - 50 Hz
Ns PM 120
120x 60 120 f 120x 50
Ns 720 r.p. mn. For induction
10 motor, Ns =p 6

3 =
720-N100
720
i.e. N =
698.4 r.p.m = 1000 r.p.m.

Slip s = 1o0- 1000-970-x100 =

3 %
1000

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Basic Electrical Engineering
Three Phase Induction Motors
10-9

10.5 Effect of Slip on the Rotor Frequency Ex. 10.5.1 A 30 400 V, 50 Hz induction motor
4 pole,
Derive the runs with a slip of 4 %, find rotor speed and frequency.
expresslon for the slip and
frequency of rotor currents. VTU: Feb-06, Marks 8
VTU: Jam-09, 16, July-07, 11, 16, June-12, Marks 6 Sol.: P 4, f 50 Hz, s =4 %
In case of induction motor, the
speed of rotating 120 f120x5
magnetic field is,
N =
1500 r.p.m.
120 f
N P .(10.5.1) %s ie. 4=500- 100
1500
.At start when N 0, s 1 and = =

stationary rotor has

maximum relative motion with respect to R.M.F. N = 1440 r.p.m.
Hence maximum e.m.f. gets induced in the
rotor at
sf =0.04 x 50 2 Hz
start. f
The frequency of this induced e.m.f. at start is Ex. 10.5.2 A 4 pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor
same as that of supply frequency. runs at a speed of 1,470 rpm. Find the synchronous speed,
As motor actually rotates with speed the slip and frequency of the induced emf in the rotor
N, the relative
speed of rotor with respect R.M.F. decreases and under this condition. VTU: Jan.-18, Marks 8
Ans.: f = 50 Hz, P = 4, N = 1470 r.p.m.
becomes equal to slip speed of N, - N.
The induced e.m.f. in rotor N. =2f120x50
depends on rate of 1500 r.p.m.
cutting flux ie. relative speed N -N. 4

Hence in running condition

magnitude of induced o S NsXN100 1500-1470100
1500
2%
e.m.f. decreases so as its
frequency. Ns
The rotor is wound for same number of poles as 50 1 Hz
f =
sf =0.02 x

that of stator i.e. P.

f is the frequency of rotor induced e.m.f. and Ex. 10.5.3 An 8 pole alternator runs at 750 rp.m.
rotor currents, in running condition at slip speed supplies power to 4 pole induction motor. The frequency of
N N then there exists a fixed relation between rotor is 1.5 Hz. What is the speed of the motor ? What is
N- N), f, and P similar to equation (10.5.1). theslip? VTU: Aug.-07, Jan.-15, Marks 4

So we can write for rotor in running condition, Sol. Alternator supplies induction motor,

(N -N) 20 =

Alternator Induction motor

Rotor poles = Stator pole = P . (10.5.2) PA 8 , N, = 750 r.p.m. PM 4,f= 1.5 Hz
Dividing equation (10.5.2) by equation (10.5.1) we

get, For alternator,

N -N (120f, /P) but = Slip s 120 f 120 f
i.e. 750
(120f/P NsPA
i.e. s
f = 50 Hz

For an induction motor, f, = sf i.e. 1.5 Sx50

. sf s 0.03 i.e. 3 % .Slip
Thus frequency of rotor induced e.m.f. in running
N, 120f 120x50= 1500 r.p.m.
condition (f,) is slip times the supply frequency (f). PM 4
As slip of the induction motor is in the range 0.01 to
N N,(1- s) =1500(1-0.03)
0.05, rotor frequency is very small inthe running
1455 L.p.m. . Speed of motor
condition.
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 Basic Electrical Engineering
Bas
Three Phase Induction Motors
Basic Electrical Engineering 10-10 10-11
Ex. 10.5.9 Define slip speed and slip.
50 HZ induction motor has Vhat is the 2 Th
Ex. 10.5.7 A 3-phase, 6-pole, speed, slip and at what slip
Ex. 10.5.4 Ifa six pole induction motor supplied from a % full load.
at no load, and 3
at
a slip of 1 % the emf in the stator s
if the frequency 3. Th
three phase 50 Hz supply has a rotor frequency of 2.3 Hz. i) speed, No-load of a 4
pole, 3 o IM is
Determine i) Synchronous speea,
: the rotor is 1.5 Hz ? 50 Hz and in eff
Calculate:i) The percentage slip ii) The speed of the of rotor at standstill,
ii) Full load speed, iv) Frequency VTU: July-17, Marks 5
motor VTU: Feb.-08; Jan.-11, 16, Marks 6
v) Freguency of rotor
current at full load.
Gol.P= 4, t= 50 Hz, f, 1.5 Hz,
=

f, =sf 10.9
Sol. P 6, f = 50 Hz, f, = 2.3 Hz VTU: July-12, Jan.-16, Marks 6 ie. s
E 0.03 ie. 3 %
120f120x 50 1000 r.p.m. Sol.: i) P = 6, f = 50 Hz so N, = 120 f/P = 1000 r.p.m.
Ns U120x 50
N P 6
p 1500 r.p.m
sf i.e. 2.3 sx 50 ii) On no load, s 1 % =0.01
)
N Ns (1-s) 1500 (1 =

s
2.3
0.046 i.e. 4.6 % Slip
N (1 - s) N, = (1 - 0.01) x 1000 = 990 r.p.m.
0.03) 1455 1.p.m -

50
Slip Speed Ns -N 1500 1455 45
=
=
I n
i) On full load, s =
3 % =
0.03 r.p.m.
ii) N N , (1 - s) =1000 (1 0.046) ind

954 r.p.m. Speed of motor

N (1 - s) N, = (1 - 0.3) x 1000 - 970 1.p.m.
10.6 Applications slip
At
iv) At standstill, f, =f =50 Hz
What are the applications
Ex. 10.5.5 A 3-phase, 6-pole, 50 Hz induction motor has of three phase un
v) On full load, f, = sf=0.03 x 50 1.5 Hz induction motor ?
a slip of 1 % at no load, and 3% at full load. Determine VTU:July-09, Marks 4 .Th
i) Synchronous speed; ) No-load speed; ii) Full-lond
Ex. 10.5.8 A 3-ph 1M with 4-pole is supplied from an i)Squirrel cage ype of motors having moderate
speed; iv) Frequency of rotor current at stand still;
alternator having 6-poles and running at 1000 rpm.
starting torque and constant speed characteristics
d) Frequency of rotor current at full load.
Calculate
preferred for driving fans, blowers, water pumps,
grinders, lathe machines, printing machines,
VTU: Jan.-14, Marks 5 i) The synchronous speed of 1M,
drilling machine. wh
ii) lis speed when slip is 0.04.
Sol.: P 6, f= 50 Hz, s =1 %, s, =3% ii) Slip ring induction motors can have high starting
iii) Frequency of the rotor emf when the speed is 600 rpm
torque as high as maximum torque. Hence they
N, =
120x50 1000 I.p.m. VTU: Jan-16, Marks 6 are preferred for lifts,
hoists, elevators, cranes,
6
compressors.
i) N N , (1 - so) = 1000 (1 0.01) = 990 r.p.m. Sol.
120f 1000x6
10.7 Advantages of Induction Motors
i) N, = N, (1 - s) = 1000 (1 0.03) = 970 r.p.m. i) For alternator, Ns 1e. t 5120 = 50 Hz

iv) At standstill, f, = f = 50 Hz
State the various advantages of induction
motor.
v) At full load, f, = s, x f = 0.03 x 50 1.5 Hz Alternator Industrial motor
PA 6, Ng 1000 tp.m PM 4, Ng 1. Cost is low compared to other types of motors.
Ex. 10.5.6 The freguency of the e.m.f. in the stator of 4 2. Maintenance is less as robust and rugged .
pole induction motor is 50 Hz and that in the rotor is
Fig. 10.5.1 3. Simple in construction.
1.5 Hz. What is the slip and at what speed is the motor is
running? 120 f 120x50 4. Efficiency is high.
VTU: Dec.-11, July-15, Marks 6 For L.M, Ns P 4 1500 T.p.m. 5. Power factor is better.
Sol. P 4, f = 50 Hz, f, = 1.5 Hz N
ii) N, (1-s) =1500 (1 0.04) =
1440 1.p.m. 6. The starting torque can be controlled in slip ring

sf i.e. 1.5 = 5x 50 ii) N = 600 r.p.m. ie. s= 1500-600 type.

= 0.6

i.e.
Ns 1500
s 0.03 i.e. 3 %
S x f = 0.6 x 50 30 Hz 10.8 Limitations of Induction Motors
N120 120x50
4 1500 r.p.m. State the various limitations of inductton
motor.
N N, (1 -s) 1500 (1
=
0.03) 1. The starting torque is low and can not be
= 1455 r.p.m.
adjusted in squirrel cage type.
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