CSR in India

The full form of CSR is Corporate Social Responsibility. The topic is largely discussed and
deliberated in Indian society in recent years. CSR is a law in India. Under this law, corporates
in the country have to do social work. CSR is included in social work, which is necessary for
the upliftment of society, to uplift the needy sections of society. The CSR law was enshrined
in the Companies Act on 1 April 2014. Since then, CSR became mandatory in India but even
before that, a few Indian companies used to do social welfare of their own volition.

On April 1, 2014, India became the first country to legally mandate corporate social
responsibility. The rules in Section 135 of India’s Companies Act make it mandatory for
companies of a certain turnover and profitability to spend 2% of their average net profit for
the past three years on CSR.
Corporate social responsibility has been made mandatory through the provisions of section
135 of the Companies Act, 2013. Every company – private or government-owned – which
comes under the purview of this rule has to spend on CSR. In fact, PSUs (Public Sector
Undertaking) like Bharat Petroleum, Indian Oil, NTPC, are government-owned companies
that practice CSR on a large scale.
Companies have to conduct their CSR-related activities in accordance with clear guidelines
set by the Ministry. According to the rule, every company must have a CSR committee. This
committee and the Board of the company decide which activities to take up, when and in
which locations. Most companies conduct these activities in the regions where they operate.
Since the applicability of mandatory CSR provision in 2014, CSR spending by corporate
India has increased significantly. In 2018, companies spent 47 percent higher as compared to
the amount in 2014-15, contributing US$1 billion to CSR initiatives, according to a survey.
Listed companies in India spent INR 100 billion (US$1.4 billion) in various programs
ranging from educational programs, skill development, social welfare, healthcare, and
environment conservation, while the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund saw an increase of 139
percent in CSR contribution over last year.
The education sector received the maximum funding (38 percent of the total) followed by
hunger, poverty, and healthcare (25 percent), environmental sustainability (12 percent), and
rural development (11 percent). Programs such as technology incubators, sports, armed
forces, and reducing inequalities saw negligible spending.

Taking into account the recent amendments to CSR provisions, industry research estimates
CSR compliance to improve and range between 97 to 98 percent by FY 2019-20.
CSR Examples in India

Tata Group
The Tata Group conglomerate in India carries out various CSR projects, most of which are
community improvement and poverty alleviation programs. Through self-help groups, it has
engaged in women empowerment activities, income generation, rural community
development, and other social welfare programs. In the field of education, the Tata Group
provides scholarships and endowments for numerous institutions.

The group also engages in healthcare projects, such as the facilitation of child education,
immunization, and the creation of awareness of AIDS. Other areas include economic
empowerment through agriculture programs, environment protection, providing sports
scholarships, and infrastructure development, such as hospitals, research centers, educational
institutions, sports academy, and cultural centers.

ITC Group
ITC Group, a conglomerate with business interests across hotels, FMCG, agriculture, IT, and
packaging sectors has been focusing on creating sustainable livelihood and environment
protection programs. The company has been able to generate sustainable livelihood
opportunities for six million people through its CSR activities.

Their e-Choupal program, which aims to connect rural farmers through the internet for
procuring agriculture products, covers 40,000 villages and over four million farmers. It’s
social and farm forestry program assists farmers in converting wasteland to pulpwood
plantations. Social empowerment programs through micro-enterprises or loans have created
sustainable livelihoods for over 40,000 rural women.

Infosys

Sudha Murty, 65, who runs the Infosys Foundation, the non-profit arm of the IT services
company, saw a huge inflow of money for corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities last
year. Infosys Foundation works towards removing malnutrition, improving healthcare
infrastructure, supporting primary education, rehabilitating destitute individuals and caring
for animals, and preserving Indian art and culture.