OLE b> 17 Flos ty bor ‘ leO3- 42 3/16/2022 GEB 425 Fisheries Biotechnology becture 8... Endocrine Biotechnology of Fish ee PDM. GEB, SUST PKB Endoci e System hormones. Shape and size of endoare different. + Hormones take care of the coordination of development, behaviour, processes (metabolism, respiration, excretion, movement, reproducti away to evoke a specific physiological response” + Definition too restrictive = sometimes transport by lymph or by diffusion = some hormones act on own tissue or even cell ‘Types of hormones: peptides proteins elycoproteines tyrosine-derivates fatty acid-derivates steroid-derivates + Endocrine system: The term “endocrine” means intemally secreting. The endocrine glands are ductless and located in various region of the body, secreting + Hormone: “organic substance synthesized within specific endocrine organs and then secreted into the bloodstream to act on specific target tissues some distance — not always produced in endocrine glands (c.g, neurosecretory neurons) logical Scanned with CamScanner‘Transport ‘ jocrine cel gust the blood 7 | aga sie => (qj oerine => SS 8 Rerget ell signaling hormone — sauroendocne ce Transport ge tuaovah the Hoot 4 | sian ere crane | ty en teaoctne => pean Aa Seni alt Ditfinsion Pps autocrine a => Rew ional de BSN cou x= target cel Diftaon Peractne aes \ aap Reqpone Stgretng itd Ox ‘hormone —_ cell Y= target cell «+ exocrine signalling (pherormones) Response Hierarchy Hormone External stimulus ‘Teuronal signalling ___ hormone Ea mee Teuronal sonaing ne \ endocrine gland] [endedfine gland}. ‘hormone. _) idocrine dishd] target organ ~ SS hormone target organ —_— Response First order Second order ‘Thid order hierarchy ——_lerarehy hierarchy Scanned with CamScannerTarget cells Water-soluble hormones: the absence or presence of specific receptor proteins determines whether eels respond to the hormone ~ hormone recognition: igh receptors ~ hormone sensitivity: number of tight receptors ~ absence/presence of secondary messengers * hormone» primary messenger ~ too big to enter the cll ~ cell molecules > secondary messengers ~ induction of activation cascade (eg. e-AMP activates rotein kinase which activate enzyme activity) + Steroid hormones: small molecules ~ con enter the cel and nucleus ~ bind to a receptor + 2 sobunits-honmone binding unit DNA-binding unit ~induction of mRNA-tanscripion + activation of target call Mechanism of Hormone Action Agiven hormone affects seo tissue cells or organs. (target cells/ a organs) Hormone bind/attach to a specific a receptor inside the cell or in its plasma membrane. ‘Only through binding or attachment can the hormone influence the working ofthe cell, > Charges in plasma membrane permiablity or electrical state. > 'Synthess of proteins or certaln regulatory molecules or enzymes In the cel » Activation or inactivation of enzymes > Stimulation of mitosis * Promotion of secretory activity, | 3/16/2022 Scanned with CamScanner‘an hormones Crustace: i first true endocrine ‘Arthropoda > Crustacea > Decapoda: crab, lobster, sHFIMPs have the system » Yeorgan, (endocrine gland in the ead) produces activated by brain “=r KN Shhh molting hormone ecdysone when Meee i Mee + X-organ: various clusters of neuroseeretory cells in the eyestalss produces other hormones: = crustacean hyperglycemie hormone (CHH) = molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) = viteliogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH) = red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) 5 iment dispensing home (@DH) + release effected by electrical stimulation by neurosecretory cells (directly) an Ce ln) aes, oan crea silts Endocrine Gland in Teleost Fishes + Important endocrine glands — Hypothalamus — Hypophysis: neurohypophysis ~ adenohypophysis, = Thyroid gland = Interrenal (adrenal) gland — Pancreatic gland = Urophysis — Corpuscles of Stannius and the ultimobranchial gland — Epiphysis (pinneal gland) + Processes that hormones control: — Control reproduction — Growth and development i = Mobilizing body defenses against stressors, ses - 7 Maintaining electrolyte, water and nutrient balance of the blood ‘ — Regulating cellular metabolism _ Energy.balance ii). ; Scanned with CamScanner3/16/2022 Important Endocrine Glands of Fish Hypothata- Mypophysal System Thyroid Parathyroid Important Endocrine Glands of Fish chromaffin tissue hypothalamus corpuscles of pancreaticislets a Scanned with CamScannerHormones it Fish 3 s we) peta et a Tetoseeone ‘e Neer nc eZ Vitellopsin ~ Temperature in ———— Hypothalamus Hypothalamic hormones 2 "TSH > TH (thyroid gland) 15% 40 @ | acti > Corticosteroids (head-kidney) PRuitaryhormongs | GH lef (liver) —— GTH > Sex steroids (gonad) other hormones (PRL, MSH, St) Pituitary Photoperiod ‘Temperature Nutrition PG hormones in on JA. weproduction (cH, 16F8Ps, sterolds) or JF cr ———» EE oer 7 CSEBES PraEM oy” (CERES eT {mbrane Development (GH. ntl. raps) warns +) ty Somali & Skeletal Grow TEP GP ott pring SS somatcn apres Scanned with CamScannersieeve. General scheme of the GH/IGF axis GHRH ~~ sami} So (an) Pituitary 2 Hypothalamus ( Liver Several lissues: METABOLISM — stimulation inhibition: Scheme Representation of the reproductive axix in fish, its major components and phages, and its environmental and endocrine control, pheromones ———> [Sensory ergans | <——_Ervironmentay factors SSM ip, awe sypothotamus | Gori (+) Dopamine (-) Pituitary atts (4) ovary get DTT ocstrteens androgens 2 i = Provestagens Progestagens >" SN een Vitellogenesis & Ooeyte maturation Scanned with CamScannerStress response systems in fish Stress Pituitary Primary responses Tertiary responses Braii -hpathalamus eo rain ; Hypothalan Interretjal tissue Chromaffin tissue ‘mie (eataor 7 Response to Stress ‘Chemical Factors eg. poor water qu- ality, high nitrite oF fee CO;, low Os Physical Factors eg. handling, separating, transfer, vaecl- ration Other Factors eg. feeding, noise First Stress Response eg. Increase in stress hormone (cortisol) Second Stress Response eg. metabolle changes {increase in glucose lactate, changes In immune system) ‘Third Stress Response eg. changes in fih health (eromti defense oyster) and bbhavor (eating, aggression) Scanned with CamScannerHormones and Immune Function in fish egies Imerrenat cells fh Brain Pituitary Viypothalamus < B|) cew ; @> Pituitary 4; fc f | womans Sympathetic Ns ACTH Head Kidney entto } | Immune Function sama Eg. Hormonal Signals in Fish sewn Phuuoperiod empecature fel ace Autocrine quent ; nce ‘ss Cae 1 Nay ira mo Wepre feedback sistuption a Ter / [rear ARS] —soriion nosing siseuption i Nusition Salinity Scanned with CamScanner 3/16/2022Hormones in Artificial Breeding of Fish Hormone induced spawning of fish is nearly 75 years old! Surprisingly, many techniques haven't changed much during this period. Fish such as carp, catfish, seabass, redfish and snaok were used as test fish Induced spawning for many other fish became merely a modificaiton of what was already being done, + synthetic spawning hormones - increasingly used due to ther efficacy and convenience + Banerjee et al, (1989) succeeded in the purification of pituitary gonadotropic hormone from Channo punctatus and Catia catl. Of all the mammalian hormones tested on fish, chorionic gonadotropin {(Co)- successful because CG behaves asa lutenising hormones (LH) + Synahorin (@ mixture of CG and mammalian pituitary extract) in ‘combination with pituitary gave positive results in rohu Hormones in Fish Breeding Practice Scanned with CamScanner