by

Dr. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta

Superior University
Lahore
Pakistan
Lahore
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Pakistan
Lahore, 1-2-.2010
 Heat and Mass Flow

1st lecture

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan

 Heat and Mass Flow
Energy is defined as the capacity of a substance
to do work. It is a property of the substance
and it can be transferred by interaction of a
system and its surroundings.

Thermodynamics deals with the end states of

the processes and provides no information on
the physical mechanisms that caused the
process to take place.
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan
 Reviewing Heat
(Thermal) Energy
Heat it is a type of Energy

Heat (thermal) energy is created by the movement of

particles (atoms) that produces heat.

Molecules of every substance are moving due to heat energy

having temperature above absolute zero (-273̊ C).

Heat (thermal) energy increases as temperature increases

because as temperature increases, atoms move faster
(have more kinetic energy)
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan
 Transfer of Heat
(Thermal) Energy
Heat (thermal energy) is transferred from one object to
another when the objects are at different temperatures.

The amount of heat (thermal energy) that is transferred

when two objects are brought into contact depends on the
difference in temperature between the objects.

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan

 Transfer of Heat
(Thermal) Energy
Heat is transferred only when two objects are at
different temperatures
Thermal energy always moves from warmer to
cooler objects
The warmer object loses thermal energy and
becomes cooler as the cooler object gains
thermal energy and becomes warmer.
Energy will continue to move from a warmer
object to a cooler object until both have the
same temperature.
DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan
 Thank You

DR. Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Lahore,Pakistan