CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: DANH ĐỘNG TỪ

A. THEORY
I. GERUND (danh động từ): V-ing

- Staying up late - Túc từ cho động - My habit is My hobby, - swimming pool

is harmful to skin. từ: We should sleeping sleeping, makes - teaching method
- Doing morning avoid eating too whenever I’m me feel relaxed. - child-bearing
exercises is good much meat. sad.
for your health. - Túc từ cho giới - The most
từ: He is interesting part of
interested in that day was
learning English watching the sun-
setting.

II. PRESENT PARTICIPLE (phân từ hiện tại): V-ing

- Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn:
My cat is sleeping in the sunshine.
We were watching the sun-setting when the rain suddenly came.
- Thay cho một mệnh đề:
Mệnh đề độc lập trong câu ghép: He washed his car and he sang happily  Washing his car,
he sang happily
Mệnh đề phụ trong câu (MĐQH): The girl lending me this book is my bestfriend.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: Leaving school, he worked in a restaurant.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do: Driving carelessly, he had an accident.
- Dùng như một tính từ: interesting, overwhelming, amazing, etc
- Cấu trúc: There + be + Noun + present participle
There are many people waiting for the bus.
- Cấu trúc câu: S + sit/stand/lie/come/run (cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn) + present participle.
He sat on the chair reading a book.
- Dùng sau động từ chỉ giác quan (see, hear, smell, feel, taste, overhear, etc) và các động từ khác như:
catch, find, spend, waste, etc

NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI “V-ing”

STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Admit doing st thú nhận làm gì
2 Appreciate doing st cảm kích làm gì
 3 Avoid doing st tránh làm gì
4 Be busy doing st bận làm gì
5 Be worth doing st đáng làm gì
6 Can’t help/stand/bear doing st không thể chịu/nhịn được
7 Consider doing st xem xét, cân nhắc làm gì
8 Delay/postpone/put off doing st hoãn lại làm gì
9 Deny doing st phủ nhận làm gì
10 Enjoy/fancy doing st thích làm gì
11 Feel like doing st thích/muốn làm gì
12 Finish doing st hoàn thành làm gì
13 Get/be accustomed/used to doing st quen làm gì
14 Hate/detest/resent doing st ghét làm gì
15 Have difficulty (in) doing st gặp khó khăn trong việc làm gì
16 Imagine doing st tưởng tượng làm gì
17 Involve doing st có liên quan làm gì
18 Keep doing st cứ làm gì
19 Look forward to doing st mong đợi làm gì
20 Mention doing st đề cập làm gì
21 Mind doing st phiền/ngại làm gì
22 Miss doing st suýt, lỡ làm gì
23 Practice doing st thực hành làm gì
24 Recall doing st nhớ lại làm gì
25 Recommend doing st đề xuất làm gì
26 Resist doing st phản đối làm gì
27 Risk doing st liều lĩnh làm gì
28 Spend time doing st dành thời gian làm gì
29 Suggest doing st gợi ý làm gì
30 There is no point in doing st không đáng làm gì
= It’s no use/good doing st
31 Tolerate doing st chịu đựng làm gì
32 Waste time doing st lãng phí thời gian làm gì
III. PERFECT GERUND (danh động từ hoàn thành) và PERFECT PARTICIPLE (phân từ hoàn thành)
Công thức: HAVING + Vp.p
Danh động từ hoàn thành Phân từ hoàn thành
- Dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh - Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành động trong
động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước.
quá khứ. - Dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian.
B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Exercise 3: Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences.
Question 1: It was his own fault, but I couldn’t help_______sorry for him.
A. feeling B. to feel C. having felt D. to have felt
Question 2: The medical authorities warned everyone not to drink the water without first_______it.
A. being boiled B. boiling C. having boiled D. having to boil
Question 3: Most people talk too much and don’t realize how important_______is.
A. to be listening B. to be listened C. have listened D. listening
Question 4: If you’ve finished_______the dictionary, I’d like to borrow it.
A. to have used B. to use C. using D. having used
Question 5: Would you mind_______?
A. that I am reading aloud B. explaining it once again, please
C. what causes you a lot of trouble D. to bring the books back by tomorrow
Question 6: On the whole, I enjoy_______our local club, but I think there are far too many rules and
regulations to feel completely at ease.
A. attending B. attend C. to attend D. being attended
Question 7: I deeply regret_______to her so severely yesterday. She was badly hurt.
A. to be speaking B. to speak C. having spoken D. being spoken
Question 8: Smokers generally do know that smoking is extremely harmful, but it’s just that they can’t
help_______it.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. having done
Question 9: She thanked me for_______her a lot when she was in trouble.
A. having helped B. helping C. to help D. help
Question 10:_______cigarettes for years, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.
A. Smoking B. Having smoked
C. Having been smoked D. Being smoked
Question 11:_______cigarettes for years, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.
A. Smoking B. Having smoked
C. Having been smoked D. Being smoked
Question 12: While_______the historical building, they had to get some of the missing tiles specially made.
A. to restore B. restore C. restoring D. being restored
Question 13: I think_______outside in the open air is much more enjoyable than_______exercise in some
stuffy gyms.
A. to walk - done B. walking - doing
C. walk - to be doing D. having walked - do
Question 14: Authorities should warn people against _______ hazardous foods containing additives.
A. to be using B. having used C. using D. being used produced
Question 15:_______contaminated water from a nearby river, lots of people in this village suffer from cancers.
A. Drinking B. Having drunk C. Having been drunk D. Drunk
Question 16: Every member of the team praised him for_______the team win the championship.
A. having helped B. helping C. having been helped D. being helped
Question 17: There's someone_______on the door. Come to see who he/she is.
A. knock B. knocking C. to knock D. having knocked
Question 18:_______between the two attacks, the commander tried to prevent the enemy troops_______their
strength.
A. Without delaying - to gather B. By not delaying - from gathering
C. In delaying - for gathering D. Having delayed - without gathering
Question 19: The power failure resulted in many of the underground trains_______ for up to one hour.
A. to delay B. to have delayed C. to be delayed D. being delayed
Question 20: Did you actually see the boy_______over the fence into Mr. Jones’ garden, or did you just hear
other boys_______about it?
A. jumping — talking B. to jump — being talked
C. having jumped - to talk D. to be jumping - talk
Question 21: She is looking forward to_______you again.
A. meet B. meeting C. met D. be met
Question 22:_______photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there.
A. Have seen B. Had seen C. Having seen D. To have seen
Question 23:_______the museum, we decided to have lunch in the park.
A. Visited B. Having visited C. Have visited D. Visiting
Question 24:_______the story before, she didn’t want to hear the story again.
A. Heard B. To hear C. Having heard D. Hearing
Question 25: We can't count on_______by our parents every time we get into financial difficulty.
A. rescuing B. being rescued C. to rescue D. to be rescued
Question 26: Mary’s children are used to_______up after school every day.
A. picking B. pick C. be picked D. being picked
Question 27:_______the red light, he was fined 120 thousand VND by the police.
A. Having run B. Being run C. Running D. Being running
Question 28: The soldier was punished for_______to obey his commanding officer’s orders.
A. being refusing B. having refusing C. having refused D. being refused
Question 29:_______the money, they began quarrelling about how to divide it.
A. Have found B. Found C. Having found D. Finding
Question 30:_______all his money, he decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
A. Having spent B. Spent C. Spending D. Have spent
Question 31: You can't prevent him from_______alcohol.
A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drank
Question 32: In spite of_______extremely tired, I went to school.
A. to be B. be C. being D. am
Question 33: He got good marks at his exams because he spent almost his time his lessons.
A. revise B. revising C. to revise D. to be revised
Question 34: We saw the first star_______in the sky.
A. twinkling B. twinkle C. to twinkle D. twinkled
Question 35: It’s no good_______to him, he never answers letters.
A. write B. being written C. writing D. to write
Question 36: Ask him to come in. Don’t keep him_______at the door.
A. to stand B. standing C. stand D. being stood
Question 37: The children loved_______the old castle.
A. explore B. exploring C. explored D. to explore
Question 38: He devoted most of his time_______novels.
A. to having written B. to write C. to writing D. to have written
Question 39: Who suggested_______here for the picnic?
A. come B. came C. to come D. coming
Question 40: At last, he admitted_______that box.
A. to open B. open C. to be opened D. opening
Question 41: My girlfriend is afraid of_______out alone when it gets dark.
A. goes B. to go C. going D. go
Question 42: From the distance, we could hear the sound of some dogs_______.
A. to bark B. to be barking C. barking D. bark
Question 43: I demand to see the person who is in charge _______ customers’ complaints here.
A. with handling B. to handle C. to be handled D. of handling
Question 44: I’m absolutely fed up with_______to the same place for our holidays year after year. Let’s
consider_______elsewhere this summer, shall we?
A. to go - to go B. having gone - go C. gone - going D. going – going
Question 45: Billy really enjoys_______but unfortunately, his parents don’t approve of it and they are making
him join the school football team instead.
A. to dance B. to be dancing C. dancing D. having danced
Question 46: I don’t recall ever_______such a dull film as The English Patient before.
A. to watch B. having watched C. to be watching D. to have watched
Question 47: Why doesn’t he fancy_______with us to the pub?
A. having come B. coming C. to have come D. to come
Question 48: Actually I dislike_______by train, but I still prefer it to_______because at least on a train you are
still on the ground!
A. to travel - have flown B. having travelled - being flown
C. travelling - flying D. travelled - be flying
Question 49: When Grandma came to stay with us, she wasn’t accustomed_______ in such a big city, so
initially she felt terribly disoriented.
A. having lived B. living C. to living D. to be living
Question 50: Your blue shirt has been washed, but it still needs_______. Why do you insist_______it today
anyway?
A. to be ironed - wearing B. to have ironed - to wear
C. ironing - on wearing D. being ironed - to be wearing
Question 51: You know there is no point in_______about the past - after all, you can’t change it, can you?
A. to worry B. having worried C. to be worrying D. worrying
Exercise 4: Rewrite each of the following sentences with gerund or present participle or perfect participle.
Question 1: Christopher apologized. He’d forgotten to pay.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 2: When Tom had repaired the car, he took it out for a road test.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 3: The porter just stood there. He expected a tip.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 4: Because he was the youngest child, Natasha was her father’s favorite.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 5: Mitchell picked up the phone and dialed a number
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 6: He left the phone ring for 5 minutes and then slowly replaced the receiver.
=>________________________________________________________________
Question 7: After she had worked hard all day, Sarah was exhausted.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 8: We saw Rupert. He was looking into a shop window.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 9: Since Daniel had spent all his money, he couldn't afford a new jacket.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 10: He took out a gun and put it in his briefcase.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 11: Shall we go for a walk?
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 12: Why don’t we visit our teacher?
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 13: It is really quite easy to learn English.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 14: I don’t want to go to the movie tonight.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 15: Complaining about the matter is useless now.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 16: It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 17: Could you turn the radio down, please?
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 18: Are you going to the seaside this summer?
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 19: Will you invite your friends on Sundays?
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 20: He didn’t say goodbye to anyone when he left the room.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 21: He would rather read books than watch television.
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 22: “Do you want to play tennis?” “No, not really.”
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 23: “You were driving too fast.” “Yes, it’s true. Sorry.”
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 24: “You broke into the shop.” “No, I didn’t.”
=>_______________________________________________________________
Question 25: Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today?
=>_______________________________________________________________