HOLOGRAPHY ————— ee 91. Introduction When an object is photographed by a camera, the photograph records only the intensity oribution in particular plane. The details of the field nearer and farther than the focussed plane frenot recorded. Also the phase distribution which prevailed at the plane of the photograph is lost. ‘Thus the three dimensional character of the object scene is lost and we get only a two-dimensional recording of a three-dimensional scene. The method of recording the amplitude as well as the phase of the light waves was evolved ty Gabor in 1947 by using interferometric techniques. This photographic technique is known as jolography. The resulting photograph is called a hologram. The holograms so obtained contain details of both amplitudes and phases of light received from different parts of the three dimensional object. In 1963, E. Leith and J. Upatneiks prepared laser holograms for the first time. Principle. The principle of holography can best be explained in two steps: () recording of the hologram and (ii) reconstructing the image. Recording of a Hologram Fig. 9.1 shows the arrangement for recording a hologram. First of all the laser beam is divided into two parts (and 2), The second beam illuminates the object. The reflected or scattered beam falls on the photograph plate on not only about the amplitude but also about the phase of the object - hologram has little resemblance with the object; in fact information gs Cons d to produce the real and virtual image of the object. from laser, called the reconstruction wave) This