Vectons VECO" Scabeos > mais fergths volumes mes Cy, EMPTY? porensurre eFecs zie Scateos. comment 15peeds «+ vecter$, 2 vered #5» position of e peorffele » aceefererbion a elector’ current, density 4 neo FT PIR} ts a see of hosts vectonS P(t 2) ¢ i woe cam ex poreses amy veeders (7 He Space tn koma of the boses vecters Baga Agh t Ae component of R along xr ants Vector adfition 2. A B Patt ak © BT ey T+ 822 Sey RAR = (aye by) T+ (Ay 4B JP + (Art Bade oP R-B = (hg Bu )E (Ag 8y)F + (ABe dE taut tip bfertfon , BB = ABcose Scaloo poroduct » A= A magnitede of . os Sop porajuct 2088 Jvectr > > “ AXB = ABsing A feo, Prfco Ax byt Aysy * AaB. . BB m (Ader aghs Mak) x (B04 Of +556) a = Paya raty) tL (A 0r~ Mee) LR CMPY Ay) = | Me Ay my Bx Oy ByX Appeication_ ingeomel?y Norco ef tovtongte = Larne Pré z ° S fre ef tom = Axe B P e Oh \ Volume of anoleropipog (CP?) = PPE D) 2] morn 1 by og, fe ty te yerntc eq" of St: Line possing fhnogh two me temo borrts, C99) Olas Yay 2% yey * Lr BB) = 9H) COT Hy sy 9 =A )F oe a lens P compooreg the coefficients, (com ponents) of Fa ; Gem = RCM) ed = ACS) 30 Shrignt Line, . HM yey, coxa 4 aa HM Hy e YP Of plore, O4bytee =d 3 poms Ix,,4,58,) Oat) Ca,%) y if ner-eeblinean they form a plane,ry VEC cy yo i PF on ate ee | pene > 2 XM) Mey = (Wx IQ AOT AB) = ne Xe " PY I ae, [og MM Ys“, Ba, piderentiabon , yer? De bx . aoe . Jeet -yby A P= Pl) UP ge Plutny- Ata). Ju 0 FZ kee Pe rite aif tok U. strraPftok deo Ft ; we (qt -Ro + Gt Fw) = J P+ bot? 5 Ju da Fy gtk + 6g ee de Openatons , tea Ky Frey modl) 4 C055 sim, frog Xf e z 3 fog now we defin, 7 = 7 pbantial differentiation , FOsy) posrtial desr’vatves of furvte x BFL kt Flethe 9) ~Fouy) A Jn Ap0 Flay) = 4ryetr act Y «ane oe aE BE an aye tind # . dy a it Bex? fe aeFAY oz) df= FF yxa fay + OF { gu" ay 9 iz dx now define, V- 12 4G 4 9 ax * t 51 Fe Se Ho cen obesrate on Bcalenk & vectonk Grodient Of % Kcalasr freed s_ f (is 9,2) greliont of G f= 4x2? +3 dint 77 VP = (4243)? 40f + axee Soom He £3" fay Fy 4# (0,44) Gers Paof 4 8x28 | (4) = (4x W438) T+0F +0 2 “4 = oat (0144) Seater det) .- 7 Valve of a Scales fonction (phyaieet quem tity 091 fume martherma teat ) exigh at each and eee pormt th Apace. i BayerreyT ack velocity ogo beatt 2 Bved? _ gx Yoagden Rk Etaw ites AeceRenation 3 Pa IP_ Bay adp de pat" Gees @ 294 49g? Fird dinectiome Jen ieqtive stomg Me PtP VP 549674 909 ax byt” aa F i aie | = 4y D+ xf Hite Re ® . 443 Wy ye 2 S Re axyt t+a2p@ Pe onyl +42f 2 ie 2 a & afr Mo Re) Fe-2.m) 4 a= 4 2 +R. p — 2 2m my 72 0 RC sh te 3h ) 2 —#f tof +€o-am)k = -FP-on8 @, Ba vecdon Tw we con dene divergence of TB | 2 WF) = ¥ (Plt + 887 4a 6) co 2 a TH Bx ayF QgeSome forty muves = ECR Som) AB 84) 8-2) ue] dpe bf above, => Lan S 2 RA ey nora "he ae i” Live of ° ct A ae peti & Flory) > FOr7p y Doty) Jad (6 ) AS 494 2 boar? Suit 2 474959 a ITS 4d £2460 42 ye Bre ag TT aytd TE Ok 42 we = (Ddt+D af +2 apy 4/9 yo a 9 ya = de 4+ dyPAE GA TBAT ot PAE we have Dy Ne fs we how + PRR) =o SB con be expressed iby dann Y, Coot ef another vecsory e915 fond oeraComntesrvetivecd ened oY $e, P can be expressed of a gradient af or Scaler fred, Qe yw ba potentiolof ae S P= (tags ae)? t(ae-ay-2)9 tCtey eae ; Hind potential 4 Oxi u 2 2 g oa, By i a Fe a> magytte ee Ste co) of z a erey say x 2xt39 ¢ Poy taat 2) SY yi ty cavtyrt 4A de adver ye-Ret e+e. 3 so the gener soletion yy eo? x? pay Aart $ Lm aay Aart yey ae Hye) ve => A we eyfaee Pi PoR poset of bases vector, Hr Yo 2 Ort Indehensent $5,609) c Z2£050 Component of ¥ = Teese sh e PS pre position °F Pon the Xyr blont fre # asin find nretati S cation among POR feof geB- xfayfiee vsinavcesd Pa rsmaging J+ vesay a psy SIN t 5 hr Sg oy Sinasing fot eycad! O18| * sien Ocosld tsindg -sinrg tore 6 ee ® ene oe = Sire: eos jf tS sing fp tesed a we : a F VSO SS + ves: sings q ~ wsing ie %e 2 ris \% = Jeos*o-c0s% + (0s*v-sin2h +sinro» = ¥loreee “a OH OF Ia? | - eo-corg? ‘ se BE) OBES CH0sind Paste g w - oak ge F SS -¥Sino-sind F t¥sinO- cog LT to A $= a? JIae x4 a = Singh tong geFines P45 ws sinh? ear k! o v B © cosmrcong Pt copertingp — thw A> ri Se onsingh 4 csp p ian # HS © shecso coy 4 SOC SH © Sy. pose = simmers Coosiy Ton) -ShOcos@ - O PRO KBR, an $0, | % oo} wie motvatty oor thagenat $0 He Coord nate System 1's crrthegoned Onthegen malnin E pple | um A is dai tobe dorthagoned marin. BE shas tar he bess drewlation matrin iS ay omdiy one Q Pala, * Sina 84 Sirossing’ ep ty § ST TT Lecsacsin® — Catasind sino, 7) £ f -sing scr 9t a fineesg cinosnf ~cxe)’ f ; é ore st Cae S>p) sing f csinf easy a SOS C56 gin F Cosg, Coso “Sing 6 = [sinorcosg CSeos$ — ~sing ( ° . abd = Sina cos g F + cose corp h 5b ob Pent eyfaee = vee f Be PoP tga ig onetagenat. Chardon He sythac Pig on reg| gd $xb =? ord =F. Bxpue (S240) (S278 C Bh vn ’) ( i) ” Totegna tren { 5. x6 fac = Lee dun? = 2% : 6 fl 6.6) 2 63 [rms £089 ra I [ Rwou = [oats Agi t Age) Ye = if Ade +f fayou + &[ rbd Mine integration D Susrfore in teGn ation, Volome integra?evs quant dene + we [ Pas ie = . S Poe Seka (463) ined trough evalvak vee fre, eohene, C1 a $4: dine Bgrrint é ne 494 Corre) & Cy), ee frrw = (Go yy 4+ Ada) Ee [6crepe 4 (142) dy + Doxaryz {tos * frees » one ' / 4 3x |, ~ awl 4 ae n Vag ge +295,fore on chenge Gy dee He he 4s, o “ Fy = arte . =) ane(iempe [WA] Eseornic feed ot point F que fo cheage § at fort F . 5 ery 2 20RR) 0 [F-7)7 =o a [on [-3 (9-949 ays 7 O-~0l-300-2.5 F SE IS2 IP OF ebecteressaph bokn tig ra M00, BP = Dy gg? . -dv oo x [o . “fee wD a > VRI-VOR) = [eur : Yo If we have finite cherge USto"butfon the bottntion of > 7 vr) = fer 3 # Gauss lowe, J feses Po frity = Ta is anbiterony by kemiy of fategna tienhy Pp) 2 L Pye —S potasen’s equation. x the sregton FIDE Heme TA OO oho oe. [evo] fap.tnn 2769100 Or e4 ‘Dipoke rT) Jipate moment P= og” np Fkecinte frees ne IMhote Ts PO) © - WV, diy Wo. ie y ON) botemdine, * Mateonrte’ veyty —— edie (Oa nab of ota ME chorge cone Rove choy CemINe Ome at the Aeme porn ¢ nt- dipole mornent , “Ahern in povsgence op ehectort fiety, Bao dipole moment hag been developed Pal = Prae ie atomic polos feabiinySome mofecles have pesmanens dipole rowent . we ‘eh? @—@ @ | Pp Wake Jue one dipole medien), 2 4m absence of £ gmndomnty oni L (> \xp mdur jy orven ied = 4 | : 2, Regutten Jip Mement of Ae mediem=o PPipele moment pen unit veleme of Pe me dilar “1S caley, prlovira tor HEkectnic pokentiol Ive Be polorl 2ey ye dim Soe unpeke amerremt oy fp isBtejor. eT in) He . Pobmteat ar font ¥ dre be tbe oh dr ay?” d. = Se. caer naal iG CAR) fa Jr mec aay? i G- f2.f 2,02 tp TB Ee RRCEE) [yay Se FORE ame $0 Compottu pigs ') Semfoce Chenge 5 exith chonge ") Vahirne ‘chonge StI by How wats valimne Charge densi by Pg e-FP Guvt8 Jowd fm dfelectorte (Pokanfsed ) medium, PEs veg P9 forte chonge tonsiiy, be G> bons 1 45 Fe. fee Co & > ” p? om (eat P) =p “t? 78s p Ly ehectoue Stsbtacement vecderPeectove freed is ynene fordormens-? Pen, Space mens verdox A ° . e dines Urevecinte mnediven i= Pox P PE Xboe ehectonte Bescep ibivity = D> E+ EME = 6 (MAE -€e° (ss €= & (4X) IfePectaic constant of the medium. mH " 1 | a ro 3 ¥ > uy Sy & é a *Afi Aine Fategne tion (this bege is missed) @ ee eae) # Senfoce_tntgraton ey Mest OF the Che we cant express ds tm form og Seyep > Sn TAS cose ce use Co-dinate bare. [f Fes = {fae sdudy f R [fey aly Project the Bumface on a suitabte £. a B21 inPeaye % eg ts SP RF a6 5 chor sbe « baat of the Plame ontay $6 2212, ahic R 'S hocakedr» he + OChomt, ue needs fo Coktulate, gg 'y 4 *) Rp fy projection (1.2) we ” \) ment 2fmemtieinegra tog. Perfect, UBS 63 Mh rans R 6 Nea > { J 3 e we oe (6-29) doe dy € ° { (6-1 fax DOS y te °s xed “ L bry (J. a4 (6 3 | Gees te od [oar-taee & 307 6 a0 27, =f: 3 [rene -texs6 eee J TF [est 68 4 cased) a 3 Laa2-€ 98 +0804 . zu. ¥ yoleme Gnteno, e ————2egorabion "| oe, Ute on iil ge 7 J * AF 5 ney 8 faa v| aaeepeRotn Consider ony closed Ber face 5, enclose the den vatume yy Py Bau. Wer, bu =drcdy eg v ° ff su v oo Vea = 2A, 9A Ie tot 4 VA, 23.6 ne FC cmd, VP VP ag 5 aay op > eny Loses ppEfec 4vestnhic_ Rognete fied TRB tnd? Ame foun, Nt es a TPH SL VB AO ©) himens wna nile fico y o % Sys. De oh oP Jrvanciiental rod ico , rps 7: Heal agbion + oo aaa wee =: I, =ag°f 7 4 ane may netine bi 0 oe atte Eflectoodyrermic, +k Feredery Rass, i 1 b LM S+~_ bond cus sient density, > Te ax” Fyetin of entinciy, | . consider or vokume TL, eee change 8 4° [[fyar Chere its Hocoing ber Hoos h ese, = ff Fae 1 j Is goin. -# =< Iffar 7 =f vv dT 7farts e Ll Par [esr = - ff tur * T Ms IS abblicadte for any vokome T Ampenes fev, aki afvergence ef both iS, . Pp. PPP) = OT o> O= FP Vio ep WE res fo mellfy ambere?s fous, PB a WFP t be de Displecernent cute» + dong fanny divergence of both gidq_ FCP Ve? + agp w at o = (97 +38) ats: @ FP Hw po FP+ Wig at Bt .Maxwells eg” th free Bbace- Of. S vie @ 1 Fee 0 HP > — 26 Sm amg porieef Do omaddion Vee a 7? 20 PrP = 28° i Hecomeamee Wave: chonge frees fre space. em GD) -2 xe 2 2 LY Ox(VXE) = 3 ok, PPE )- A= -a Pag U ae oO -Ve= “2 (toe 2 . — . / ms eq" of ehecknie crave V tris? x 6:08 x76" = 3 xpoomel,TRB UIE mare The plomegasawe Bebetons .- it -PD Koveome weten ee kee Elme) he & oiler FRO = w Joo, RP boty i f= -2 2e x a Po Le xB= Cot aos Congiden tut He dinec tron % pompage tion oF ane ae 2B We ome chesstng z-dinecbion of Coortinake Sythen ot Pe drm Pt) = Bei lore) POP = B, Gir? > bog Tha E Here) = Eo, =0oe) = Bop l- the) tL | 7 Boz=0- 3B electric FOs Raregrene fry heve do fo pre de” of P>»begotrin Se, 4 15 tran VErSC cone .