1A GRAMMAR BANK pronouns Revise the basics 1 Tlive in London. NOT Hive 2 My parents don't visit me very often. 3 My name's Anni 4 They have e flat in north London, but mine is in south London. pronouns and possessive adjectives Tsubject [2 object [3 possessive | 4 possessive pronouns | pronouns | adjectives | pronouns v me ty mine you you your yours he/shesit [him/her sit | hie/her its | hie / hore you you your yours they them theie theirs ircle.the correct form. ‘My cousin’s name's James, but we call his Kirn 1 My brother doesn't have a tablet. He / She prefers to use his / her laptop. 2 A Ave these your / yours books here? B Yes, they're my / mine. 3 Most people are happy with thei / theirnames, but Sarah doesn't like her/ hers. 4A What are hers / her children called? B I don’t know, she’s never told me / my. 5 I gave them / their my phone number, but they didn't give me theirs / thei. 6 A Are these ours/ our coats? B No, ours / our are on the bed 7 Tiss your/ yours pen, so that one must be my// mine. She'll call us/ we when her/ hers flight arrives. 9 Can you send he / him the information? I can give you his / him email addres. 10 It’s/ They'rea really good restaurant, but | can never remember his/ its name. direct rect object pronouns and word order 1. He bought me a rose. fm going to lend her my camera, ‘They showed us their new fla. Vlsend you the document. We brought him some books. 2 He bought it for me. I'm going to lend it to her. They showed it to us Plsend it to you. We brought them for him. Os 1 Some verbs can have two objects, usually a thing (the direct ‘object) and a person (the indirect object). the direct ‘object is a noun (a rose, my camera, etc), we usually use verb + indirect object + direct object. ++ The order can also be verb + direct object + foror to-+ indirect object, e.g. He bought a rose for me, 'm going to lend my camera to her. See list of verbs with for and to below. 2 If the direct object is a pronoun (it, them), we usually use verb + direct object + indirect object, with either for or to before the indirect object. Some common verbs which can have two objects are: = With for bring sth for/to sb, buy sth for sb, cook sth for sb, find sth for sb, get sth for sb, make sth for sb = With to give sth to sb, lend sth to sb, offer sth to sb, read sth to sb, sell sth to sb, send sth to sb, show sth to sb, take sth to sb, write sth to sb + Ifthe indirect object is @ pronoun, we use the object pronoun, not the subject pronoun: lim going to lend it to her. NOT Fm-going tolenditto she. b_ Rewrite the highlighted phrases. Replace the bold words with a pronoun and use for or to. | gave you that pen for your birthday. | 1 They sent me a new password yesterday. 2 I gave my mum some flowers, but she's stil angry with me. 3. She found me some hotels online. 4 My grandmother wrote me these letters when | was at boarding school. 5 Will you lend him the money? 6 Myson mace me a birthday card at school. 7 Our car broke down, so my parents offered us their ‘old one, 8 We didn't buy our daughter a phone because we think she's too young, 9 read the children the first Harry Potter book last week. 10 A friend sold me these headphones for £20. Ors1B GRAMMAR BANK adjectives Revise the basics 1 It's poisonous snake. NOT snake poisonous 2 They/re very powerful people. NOT powerfuls people 3 I'mlder than my brother. NOT more-old that 4 Rome isn't as expensive as Paris. NOT as-expensive than 5 It’s the most difficult exercise in the book. NOT thedifficutest ‘comparative and superlative adjectives ‘adjective | comparative | superlative tall taller the tallest hot hotter the hottest bored | morebored | the most bored stressed | morestressed | the most stessed ‘modern | more modern | the most medern busy busier the busiest dangerous | more dangerous | the most dangerous Interesting | lessinteresting | the least interesting good | botter the best bad worse the worst fr further (or farther) | the furthest or the farthest) adjective + one / ones 1 ve lost my suitcase. I's a big blue one. 4 Expensive laptops are usually more reliable than cheap ones. 2. Fm looking for white bread, but I can only find brown, ‘We don't have any skimmed milk, only semi-skimmed. a Are the highlighted forms right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong ones. He's happier than he was yesterday. She's a person very ambitious. x She's a very ambitious person. That's the most bad film I've ever seen. fm not as sporty than my brother. Cats are much more selfish than dogs. We can't decide between Mexico and Sic. Mexico is. further to travel, but the hotels are less expensive. | always lose my phone, so | bought a cheap. My wife's amore good driver than | am. ‘These shoes are the more comfortable ones | have. My brothers and sisters ae all very successfuls. This exercise is easyer than the other one. 10 It's the biggest room in the house. 1 We use one / ones after an adjective instead of repeating a singular or plural noun. 2 We don't use one with uncountable nouns. more rules for comparatives and superlatives 1 Fm less busy this week than | was last week Alanis the least interesting person in the office. 2 She's the cleverest grin the class ‘The old road was much narrower than the new one. It would be simpler to go back to the beginning. O15 1 We can use less and the least with adjectives of any number of syllables. 2 Some two-syllable adjectives can make comparatives and ‘superlatives with -er and -est. Common examples are clever, narrow, polite, quiet, simple, stupid. A good dictionary will tell you the usual comparative and superlative form for a ‘two-syllable adjective. a bit and much + comparative adjective 1 t's bit cloudier today than yesterday. This phone's a bit more expensive than that one. 2 Your job is much more stressful than mine. ‘The airport is much busier than it was a few years ago. O16 1 We use a bit + comparative adjective to say that a difference is small. 2 We use much + comparative adjective to say that a difference is large. b Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. ‘Adam is friendlier than Chris. Chris isn't as friendly as Adam. 1 Tom isn’t as lucky as his brother. Tom's brother he is. 2 Their house is much bigger than ours. Our house is| theirs, 3. My new password is easier to memorize than my old one. My old password was to memorize than my new one. 4 This flat is nicer than the other two we've seen. This flat is Cf the three we've seen, 5 My sister’s children are more helpful than mine. My children aren't my sisters & The weather wasn't as good as we'd expected, The weather was________we'd expected. 7 The film was a bit less dramatic than the book The book was the film. 8 Yellow will look better than red for your kitchen walls Red won't look yellow for your kitchen walls Opx2A GRAMMAR BANK present tenses Revise the basics present simple and frequency 1 She goes abroad alot. NOT She-go 2 Does he know Paris well? NOT Do-heknow 3 We don’t like camping. NOT We not like never go swimming. NOT Never they go ways late. NOT Always-he's late 6 go for a walk every morning. NOT .g0 every morning forawalk: present continuous 7 He's working today. NOT He working 8 They aren't / They're not watching TY, they're playing video game. NOT 9 Are you going away this weekend? NOT Doyougo/ Youare-going action and non-action verbs 1. A What are the children doing now? B Mark’ playing tennis and Anna's reading AH Marta. Are you waiting for someone? B Yes, I'm waiting for Tim. 2 like vegetables now, but I didn’t use to Oh, now! remember where Ileft my glasses. 210 1 Many verbs describe actions. These verbs are used in the present continuous to talk about actions happening now or inthe future, 2 Some verbs describe states and feelings, not actions. Examples are agree, be, believe, belong, depend, forget, hate, hhear, know, like, look lke, love, matter, mean, need, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want. These verbs are normally used in the present simple, not the continuous, even if we are referring to now. a Gircletthe correct form. ‘We're going We go to New Zealand on Saturday. The flight "leaves / is leaving at 6.50 in the morning. 2We need / We're needing to check in two hours ahead, 502 we go/ we're going to the airport the night before, ‘and ¢we stay / we're staying in an airport hotel (£200 a night, but it’s better than getting up at 2.00 a.m), The first part ofthe flight, to Singapore, “takes / is taking 14 hours, and *we break/ we're breaking the journey there for a couple of days. Then it's on to Auckland. The flight 7 gets in/ is getting in at nearly midnight, but our friends “meet / are meeting us at the airport, and °they look after they/te looking after us for a week or so. Then Pye travel / we're traveling round North and South Island — "we rent / we're renting a camper van We have / We're having to be back in Auckland on 22nd February, but | don't think I'l want to come home! verbs which can have action and non-action mi a Do you have any sunscreen? = possession (non-action) 2.11 He's having a shower atthe moment. = an action Do you think we should have lunch inthe hotel? = opinion (non-aetion ‘They're thinking of going ona cruise. = an action | s@0 what you mean. = understanding (non-action) tim seeing the hotel manager tomorrow morning. = an action ‘= Some verbs have two meanings, an action meaning and a rnon-action meaning, e.g, have, think, see. If they describe state or feeling, not an action, they are not usually used in the present continuous. if they describe an action, they are Uuted in the present continuous. present continuous for future arrangements 1'm leaving tomorcow andi'm coming back on Tuesday. @ 2.12 We're seeing our grandparents ths weekend When ara they coming t visit ua? Elia an't going out tonight. She's stay ‘+ We often use the present continuous where there is an arrangement to do something in the future, present simple for ‘timetable’ future “The train leaves at 6.30 in the morning, 213 ‘Our flight doesn’t stop in Hong Keng. It stops in Singapore. ‘What ime does your fight arrive in New York? ‘+ We use the present simple to talk about things which will happen according to a timetable, especially travel times. We are usually referring to things which always happen on certain days at certain times, like light times or classes, and ‘are not people's personal plans or decisions. b Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. you know Andrew's sister? (know) 1 you____ camping or staying in hotels? (prefer) 2 We of going on a safari next year. think) 3 we to pack insect repellent? (need) 4 She to Frankfurt for a business meeting next week. fy) 5 A Can! help you? B Yes, a charger for my phone. (look for) 6 A This hotel 2 restaurant. (not have) B it_____ we can eat in town, (not matter) 7 AW Hi. Can you hear me? What you? (do) BI by the pool and Tanya a spa treatment. Where are you? (read, have) 8 A What time our flight 2 Weave) Bit ‘at 950 and it 1210. (leave, arrive) Ors