LUMAGUE, JEUSH JANDON R.

MARPOW (2:30-3:30PM)

MIDTERM ASSIGNMENT 3B

1. Lead acid batteries work through a chemical reaction between lead dioxide (positive plate) and
sponge lead (negative plate) submerged in a sulfuric acid solution. When a load Is connected,
electrons flow from the negative plate to the positive plate, creating an electric current. During
discharge, sulfuric acid is consumed and water is produced. During charging, the process
reverses, converting lead sulfate back into lead dioxide and sponge lead, replenishing the
battery’s energy.

2. Alkaline batteries work using an alkaline electrolyte (usually potassium hydroxide) and a zinc
anode. When a load is connected, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode, creating an
electric current. During discharge, zinc in the anode reacts with the hydroxide ions, producing
zinc oxide and releasing electrons. This reaction generates electrical energy. Alkaline batteries
have a longer life compared to carbon-zinc batteries due to their higher energy density and more
efficient chemistry.

3. A boiler is a device used to generate steam or hot water by heating water or other fluids. It
operates through the combustion of a fuel source (such as natural gas, oil, coal, or biomass) in a
combustion chamber. The heat produced from combustion is transferred to the water in a closed
system, raising its temperature and pressure. This heated water or steam can then be used for
various purposes, including heating buildings, generating electricity, or powering industrial
processes. Boilers are crucial in many Industries and central heating systems, providing a source
of thermal energy.