PHYS10101 One hour thirty minutes A list of Constants is enclosed UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Dynamics 26 January 2011 14:00 - 15:30 Answer ALL parts of question 1 and TWO other questions Electronic calculators may be used, provided that they cannot store text. The numbers are given as a guide to the relative weights of the different parts of each question, P.T.O, 1ofsPHYS10101 1.(@)_A speeding car is travelling at a constant speed of 90 km/hr when it passes a stationary police car. The police car immediately chases the speeding car by starting off from rest and accelerating at a constant rate of 5.0 ms”. How long does it take for the police car to catch up? (5 marks} (b) A force F=37+2j-5k N is applied to a body at a position given by the vector 1=3}+K om, relative to the centre of mass. Caleulate the resultant torque about the centre of mass. [5 marks} (©) A roller coaster car goes around a loop-the-loop as shown in the diagram. ‘Show that the minimum speed the roller coaster car must have at the top of the Joop in order for it to remain on the track is given by Yen = VRE, where R is the radius of the loop. [4 marks) (d) A horse refuses to pull a cart, arguing that according to Newton’s 3" law, whatever force he applies to the cart, the cart will exert an equal and opposite force on him, so he ‘will never be able to move the cart. With the aid of freebody diagrams, explain what is ‘wrong with the horse’s argument. [5 marks] © (@_ Give the general expression for the velocity of a particle in plane polar coordinates. (i) A particle is moving in a plane. Its polar coordinates (r, 6) relative to a fixed origin are given by r=4t and 0=317 —2r ‘where r is in metres, @ is in radians, and # is the time in seconds. Determine the speed of the particle at ¢= 1 s. [6 marks] P.T.O. 2of5S2. PHYS10101 A block of mass m; = 2.00 kg and a block of mass my = 6.00 kg are connected by a string of negligible mass which passes aver a pulley of radius r = 0.250 m and mass M= 10.00 kg. Block m is on a slope that is inclined at an angle = 30°, as shown in the diagram. The coefficient of dynamic friction between block m; and the slope is 0.3. The moment of inertia of the pulley is given by 7 = SMe? a ee <9) (a) Draw free-body diagrams for both blocks and the pulley. {5 marks} () Write down the equations of motion for both blocks and the pulley. (8 marks} (©) Determine: () the acceleration of the two blocks [9 marks} (i) the tensions in the string on both sides of the pulley. (3 marks} P.O. 3 ofSPHYS10101 A uniform rod of mass M is pivoted so that it is free to swing in the vertical plane about a horizontal axis. The rod is initially at rest. A ball of putty of mass m and initial velocity v at right angles to the rod, strikes the rod at a point which is a distance d below the pivot. The collision is perfectly inelastic and the putty sticks to the rod. The moment of inertia of the rod about the axis is Jy and the distance of its centre of mass from the pivot is Z. (a) Give an expression for the total angular momentum of the system (rod and putty) about the pivot before the impact. [2 marks] (b) Derive an expression for the angular speed of the system immediately after the impact. (8 marks} (c) Show that the kinetic energy of the system, K, immediately after the impact is given by (Ns 2(i, +md?)" [5 marks] (@) The rod swings through an angle @ before momentarily stopping. Use the principle of conservation of energy to show that the initial speed of the putty, v, must be given by /2g(ML+md)(I, + md? (1—cos9) md {10 marks} P.T.O. 4of5PHYS10101 4. (@) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum. [2 marks} (b) A-cannon fires a shell of mass 5.0 kg at a speed of 150 ms at an angle of 35.0° to the horizontal. The shell explodes at the top of its trajectory into two fragments, one of ‘mass 2.0 kg and the other of mass 3.0 kg. The 3.0 kg fragment lands on the ground directly beneath the point of the explosion 5 seconds after the explosion. Shell explodes 2.0 kg fragment into two parts — i into wo pans _ at after explosion N i i \ 7 \, i 3.0 kg fragment & , after explosion i (Calculate the position of the explosion relative to the cannon. [5 marks} (ii) Using the fact that the 3.0 kg fragment takes 5 s to fall vertically to the ground, calculate its velocity immediately after the explosion. [2 marks] (ii) Find the velocity of the 2.0 kg fragment immediately after the explosion. [7 marks] (jv) Find the distance from the cannon at which the 2.0 kg fragment lands. [5 marks] (v) How much energy is released during the explosion? [4 marks} END OF EXAMINATION PAPER Sof5PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS [SYMBOL DESCRIPTION NUMERICAL VALUB ¢ Velocity of light in vacuum 299792 458 m s", exactly Bo Permesbility of vacuum 4n x 1077 N AW, exactly % Permittivity of vacwm where c= i 8.854 x 107! C? N71 mr? B Planck constant 6626 x 10-* Fe i h/2n 1.055 x 1074 Js G Gravitational constant 8.674 x 10" mm kg 3 | € Elementary charge 1602 x 10-7 C ev Electronvolt 1.602 x 107 J @ Fine-structure constant, 7-5 a Me Hlectron mass 9.109 x 10" kg mec? Electron rest-mass energy 0.511 MeV bp Bobr magneton, 72 9.274 x 10° JT Ros Rydberg energy Se 13.61 eV a, Bobr radius bf 0.5292 x 1072? m A Angstrom 107° m Tp Proton mass L673 x 10-7 kg Mige? Proton rest-mass energy 938.272 MeV gc? ‘Neutron rest-mass energy 989.565 MeV uw Nuclear magneton, & 5.051 x 10777 JT fn Femtometre or fermi 10-5 m b Barn 10-8 m? w ‘Atomic mess unit, jm(7C atom) 1.661 x10” kg Na Avogadro constant, atoms in gram mol 6.022 x 10% mol? Tt Triplepoint temperature 273.16 K, exactly k Boltzmann constant 1,381 x 10-8 JK R Molar gas constant, Nak 8.314 J mol? K ° Stefan-Boltzmann omstant, Jy sf 5.670 x 108 W m™? K~* Ms “Mase of Barth 3.07 x 107 kg Re Mean radius of Earth 64x 108m 9 Standard acceleration of gravity 9.80665 m s°?, exactly atm. Standard atmosphere 101 325 Pa, exactly Mo Solar mass 1.989 x 10° kg Ro Solar radius 6.96 x 10° m Lo Solar luminosity 3.84 x 10 W To Solar effective temperature 5.8 x 10° K au ‘Astronomical unit, mean Barth-Sun distance 1.496 x 10" m | pe Parsec 3.086 x 10 m I Year 3.186 x 107 s