Your name here: Your classroom here: 2023

Data Booklet 9th grade

Made by Jorge Carvajal jorgecarvajal223@colegionuevayork.edu.co

2023

he following collection represents an ex- • Radians ⇒ Degrees

T cerpt of the formulae and properties

you’ll use this year (or may find useful)
in the subject of Mathematics.
rad ·
180
π
= deg

Lines
• Linear Functions: this is the slope-intercept form of linear
Cartesian coordinates equations, also written in function notation. Where m is
• Distance between two points: with this formula, you the slope and b is the y-intercept
will be able to calculate the distance between any two y = mx + b
points A with coordinates (x1 , y1 ) and B with coordinates
(x2 , y2 ). or
f (x) = mx + b
p
d(A, B) = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 • Standard equation for lines: this is another equation for
a line, where a, b, c are real numbers
• Midpoint formula: with this formula, you’ll be able to
calculate the center point of a line segment AB in the ax + by + c = 0
plane. x + x y + y  • Slope formula: with this formula, you can calculate the
1 2 1 2
, slope of any line in the plane with only 2 points with
2 2
coordinates (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ).
y2 − y1
Polar coordinates m=
x2 − x1
• Form of the polar coordinates: where r is the radius and • Point-slope form: this formula is useful to find the equa-
θ is the angle of elevation tion of a line given the slope and a point with coordinates
(x1 , y1 )
P = (r, θ)
y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
Polar coordinates ⇔ Cartesian coordinates • Given two lines l1 and l2 where m1 is the slope of l1 and
• These formulas are used to convert from polar coordinates m2 is the slope of l2 , then:
to Cartesian coordinates: where (x, y) are the Cartesian
coordinates of the point Criterion for parallel lines: two lines are parallel if

x = r cos θ m1 = m2
Criterion for perpendicular lines: two lines are perpen-
y = r sin θ
dicular if
• These formulas are used to convert from Cartesian coor- 1
m1 = − ⇒ m1 · m2 = −1
dinates to polar coordinates m2
p
r = x2 + y 2
Quadratics
y y
tan θ = → θ = arctan • Quadratic function: this is the general or standard form
x x
of quadratic equations, also written in function notation

Radians ⇔ Degrees y = ax2 + bx + c

• Degrees ⇒ Radians or
f (x) = ax2 + bx + c
π
deg · = rad where a ̸= 0, and a, b, c are real numbers
180

Data Booklet • CNY. CAS proyect page 1 of 4

Your name here: Your classroom here: 2023

• Quadratic form: this is the vertex (or canonical) form of

quadratic equations

f (x) = a(x − h)2 + k Financial

where a ≠ 0, and (h, k) represents the vertex of the • Formula of simple interest: Simple interest is the interest
function charge on borrowing that’s calculated using an original
principal amount only and an interest rate that never
• Y-intercept of a quadratic function: It will output the y changes.
intercept, the point in which the function touches the y F V = P V (1 + rt)
axis
f (0) = a(0)2 + b(0) + c where F V is the future value, P V is the present value, r
is the interest rate, and t is the time.
f (0) = c
• Formula of compound interest: Compound interest is
• X-intercept of a quadratic function: It will output the x the interest on savings calculated on both the initial
intercept (solutions, or roots) of the quadratic equation principal and the accumulated interest from previous
periods. Basically, interest over interest.
0 = ax2 + bx + c
 r nt
FV = PV 1 +
• Discriminant: it indicates to us if the equation has 2, 1, n
or not real solutions
where F V is the future value, P V is the present value, r
2
∆ = b − 4ac is the interest rate, t is the time, and n is the amount of
times the interest is compounded.
• Quadratic formula: it will give you the solutions of the • Formula of continuously compound interest: Continuous
quadratic equation (always outputs two solutions in the compounding is the mathematical limit that compound
complex numbers) interest can reach if it’s calculated and reinvested into
√ an account’s balance over a theoretically infinite number
−b ± b2 − 4ac of periods.
x=
2a F V = P V ert
√
−b ± ∆ where F V is the future value, P V is the present value, r
x=
2a is the interest rate, t is the time, and e is a constant.
• Vertex formula and axis of symmetry: these formulas are
used to calculate the minimum or maximum point of a Combinatorics
quadratic function. Also are the values k and h in the
• Multiplication principle of counting: Stated simply, it
canonical form.
b is the intuitive idea that if there are p ways of doing
h=− something and q ways of doing another thing, then there
2a
4ac − b2 are p · q ways of performing both actions.
k=
4a p · q · ...

Exponential • Permutations (Type 1): Distinct objects with repetition

and order matters
• General form: this is the general form of an exponential nr
function. In this type of function, the power is the
variable • Permutations (Type 2): Distinct objects without repeti-
f (x) = abx + c tion and order matters
where a ̸= 0, b > 1, and c is any constant n!
P (n, r) =
(n − r)!
• Natural exponential function: this function is used to
model growth and other phenomena of nature. e = • Combinations: Distinct objects without repetition and
2.71828... order doesn’t matter
f (x) = ex
n!
C(n, r) =
(n − r)! · r!
Logarithmic
The logarithmic functions are the inverse functions of the Where n is the total number of objects and r is the
exponential functions. number of choosing objects.
• General form: this is the general form of a logarithmic
function
f (x) = a logb x + c
where a ̸= 0, b > 1 and c is any constant
• Natural logarithmic function: this function is the inverse
of the natural exponential function

f (x) = ln x = loge x

Data Booklet • CNY. CAS proyect page 2 of 4

Data Booklet 9th grade
Made by Jorge Carvajal jorgecarvajal223@colegionuevayork.edu.co

2023

Absolute values Quotient of powers

am
Definition ⇔ am−n
an
If a is a real number, the absolute value of a is
√ Power of a power
|a| = a2
(am )n ⇔ amn
or 
a if a ≥ 0
|a| = Power of a product
−a if a < 0
(ab)n ⇔ an bn
Properties
Power of a quotient
where a, b and n are real numbers
 a n an
|a| = | − a| ⇔
b bn
|ab| = |a||b| Inverse of a quotient
a |a|  a −1
= b
b |b| ⇔
b a
|an | = |a|n
Negative power of a quotient
Exponents
 a −n bn
⇔
b an
Definition
Negative power of an inverse
If a is any real number and n is any positive integer, the n-th 1
power of a is ⇔ an
a−n
an = a| · a ·{z. . . · a}
n factors Fractional powers
Basic Properties m ̸= 0 n √
m
am ⇔ an
where a, m and n are real numbers

a1 ⇔ a Radicals
n
1 =1
Definition
a0 = 1
Let n be any real number different to 0, the n-th pricipal root
0n = 0
of a is defined as √
00 = undefined n
a = b ⇔ bn = a
1
a−n ⇔ n
a Basic properties
Laws of Exponents where a, n and m are real numbers, and m, n are different to 0
−1 1 √
Product of powers an = a n = n a
m √
am · an ⇔ am+n a n ⇔ n am

3
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Laws of radicals Logarithm of a product

where a, b, n and m are real numbers, and n, m are different loga (x · y) ⇔ loga x + loga y
to 0
Logarithm of a quotient
Product of a radical  
x
√
n √ √n loga ⇔ loga x − loga y
ab ⇔ n a b y

Quotient of a radical Logarithm of a root

r √
n √ 1 loga x
a a loga n
x ⇔ loga =
n
⇔ √
n n n
b b
Change of base formula
Radical of a radical
q
√ √ log x
m n mn loga x =
a⇔ a log a
or
ln x
Power of a radical loga x =
ln a
√
m √ m
n
a ⇔ n am = a n
√
n n
a = |a| if n is even Complex numbers
√
n n
a = a if n is odd Definition
√
i= −1
Logarithms A complex number is an expression of the form

Definition z = a + bi

Let the base (in this case a) be any real positive number where a, b are real numbers and i2 = −1. The real part of this
different to 1 and the argument (in this case x) any real number is a and the imaginary part is b.
positive number different to 0. The logarithm of x with base
a is defined as
Operations with complex numbers
loga x = y ⇔ ay = x
Addition/subtraction
Basic properties (a + bi) ± (c + di) = (a ± c) + (b ± d)i
where b is any real positive number bigger than 1 and n is any
real number Multiplication
loga 1 = 0
(a + bi) · (c + di) = (ac − bd) + (ad + bc)i
loga 0 = undefined √
where a, b, c and d are real numbers and i = −1
log1 1 = undefined
loga a = 1 Square roots of negative numbers
x
loga a = x If r < 0, the square roots of r are
aloga x = x √ √
i r and − i r
loga xn ⇔ n loga x
alogb x = xlogb a
1
loga x ⇔
logx a

Laws of Logarithms
where x and y are any positive real numbers different to 0 and
n is any real number different to 0

Common logarithms
log x = log10 x

Natural logarithms
ln x = loge x

Data Booklet • CNY. CAS proyect page 4 of 4