FUTURE TENSES & CONDITIONAL STRUCTURES

TENSE USE STRUCTURE EXAMPLE

WILL (Future Predictions / Offers / subject + WILL + verb ● I will help you with
simple) Promises / infinitive your work.
Spontaneous decisions ● She will arrive at 9:00
a.m.

subject + be (am/is/are) ● They are going to

Intentions / Plans / + going to + verb visit their
Predictions infinitive grandparents next
BE GOING TO week.
● I am going to buy a
new car.

PRESENT Planned arrangements Subject + am/is/are + ● We are going to the

CONTINUOUS / Fixed future events verb + -ING concert tomorrow.
● She is meeting her
friends this evening.

ZERO General truths / If + present simple, ● If you heat ice, it

CONDITIONAL Scientific facts / Cause subject + present melts.
and effect simple ● If it rains, the ground
gets wet.

FIRST Real possibilities / If + present simple, ● If I pass the exam, I

CONDITIONAL likely future events / subject + will + verb will be happy.
cause and effect infinitive ● If it snows, we will
build a snowman.

LINKERS OF CONTRAST

LINKER MEANING EXAMPLE

on the contrary al contrario He’s quite short, on the contrary his sister is tall.

but pero I am very hungry, but the fridge is empty.

despite a pesar de Despite all her faults, everybody likes him.

however sin embargo I studied hard; however, I didn't pass the exam.

on the other por otro lado She enjoys swimming. On the other hand, she
hand dislikes running.

in contrast en contraste The first book was long. In contrast, the second
book was short.

nevertheless sin embargo / No It was raining heavily. Nevertheless, we decided to

obstante go for a walk.

while mientras / mientras John prefers action movies, while his sister prefers
que romantic comedies.

although aunque Although it was late, she still went to the party.

yet aún / aún así It was a challenging task, yet he completed it

successfully.