Present Simple Present Continuous

I eat
He/She/It eats I am eating I am not eating
You are eating You aren’t eating
I don’t eat He/She/It is eating He/She/It isn’t eating
He/She/It doesn’t eat

Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect

I ate I/He/She was eating I/He/She wasn’t eating I had eaten
I didn’t eat You/We were eating You/We weren’t eating I hadn’t eaten

Present Perfect Have+3rd ED

Already/Yet I have already done my homework
I have eaten
Have you ever travelled by plane? No, i
He/She/It has eaten Ever/Never
haven’t never travelled by plane
Just I have just sold my car
I haven’t eaten For Rebeca has lived in mejorada for 17 years
He/She/It hasn’t eaten Since Rebeca has lived in mejorada since 2004

Present Perfect Continuous

I have been eating I haven’t been eating
He/She/It has been eating He/She/It hasn’t been eating

Such It was such an interesting show that...

Used To Past habit = we used to go for a swimming
 To get used to + ing (acostumbrarse)
 To be used to + ing

Future Tenses
Predictions We will win the match
Will Promises I won’t tell anyone
Spontaneus decisions I will have another biscuit
Predictions There is going to be a blizzard
Be going to
Intentions I'm going to call him now
 Present simple Events on timetables The plane leaves at 7:45
 Present continuous Fixed plans We are moving to Scottland

Future Continuous Future Perfect – will have + 3rd ED

I will be eating
By the time they arrived, i will have gone
I won’t be eating

Suggestions
Let’s go
+inf What about -ing
Why don’t we
 Shall we
How about
Can we

Infinitive It can rain

Infinitive continuous It can be raining
Infinitive perfect It can have rain

Modal Verbs
Be able to I will be able to speak
Must You must wear a helmet
Have to
Can’t
Musn’t You musn’t use your phone
Needn’t We needn’t have bought bread yesterday
Ought to
Should You should lose weight

Conditionals
Unless/if + present simple – will/won’t + infinitive
First
If you do yoga, you will fell more relaxed
Unless/if + past simple – would/could + infinitive
Second
Unless i was very hungry, i wouldn’t eat blue food
Unless/if + past perfect – would/could + have + past participle
Third
If he had worn trainers, he would have run faster
Unless/if + present simple – present simple
Zero
If you mix blue ande red, you get purple

If only + past simple (future) If only i could cook

I wish + past perfect I wish i hadn¡t sold the cottage

To (future) I regret to inform you that...

Regret
-ing (past) I regret selling the cottage

Relatives Defining - Especificativas Non Commas

Who People that
Which Things that woman who I saw yesterday
Whose Possesion Ø
Whom/to whom Non def Non-Defining – Explicativas Commas
That Que  Don't use that
When Time  Don't omit the pronoun
Where Places Great Britain, which is the capital of... ,is one of
Why Reason the most

 Relative + verb – subject

  Relative + nom/pronoun - object

Passive tense: be + V 3ºrd

 Active: Peter eats two apples a day

 Passive: Two apples are eaten by Peter a day

People give Jean lots of presents for her birthday

Suj Vb CI CD
o Od (CD) lots of presents are given to
o Oi (CI) Jean is given lots of presents

Impersonal Passive

Act – People say that Nadal is the best tennis player

Pas – 1 It is said that Nadal is the best tennis player

2 Nadal is said to be the best tennis player

 Pasado

People claim (that) the terrorism lived abroad

1 It is claimed that the terrorism lived abroad

2 The terrorism is claimmed to have lived abroad

 Continuo

People claim that the terrorist lived abroad

1 it is claimed that the terrorist was living abroad

2 The terrorist is claimed to have lived abroad

 Negative

People said i didn’t warn him

1 It is said that i didn’t warn him

2 I am said to not have worn him

 Interrogative
- Can you learn French easily? = Can French be learned easily?
- How do you write that word? = How is that word written?

Have something done – Causative have

to have + object + past participle

David arranged for the builder to build a shed

David had a shed built

 1 Pres simp
2 Pres comp
3 Pas simp
4 Pas cont
5 Fut simp
6 Fut comt
7 Present.Perfect
8 Past.Perfect
9 Pres.Perf.Cont
10 Past.Perf.Cont
11 She can paint her portrait
12 She is going to paint her portrait
She has her portrait painted
She is having her portrait painted
She had her portrait painted
She was having her portrait painted
She will have her portrait painted
She will be having her portrait painted
She has had her portrait painted
She had had her portrait painted
She has been having her portrait painted
She had been having her portrait painted
She can have her portrait painted
She is going to have her portrait painted

Reported Speech

Direct speech is like exact words someone said. We use inverted commas in direct speech.

‘i won’t be back before 7:00’, he said

Reported speechis the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words we do not use
inverted commas.

‘He said (that) he wouldn’t be back before 7:00’

SAY is used in Direct Speechand in Reported Speech when SAY is not followed by the person
the words were spoken to.

‘I can fix it’, he said he could fix it

TELL is used in Reported Speech when it is followed by the person the words were spoken to

‘i can do it, he said to me He told me he could do it

ASK is used in Reported Questions and Commas ask somebody to do something

He said to me, ‘please, don’t go’ He asked me not to go

He asked, ‘are you ok?’ He asked me if i was ok

Direct Speech Reported Speech

“i work hard” he said He said he worked hard
“i am working hard” he said He said he was working hard
“i’ve worked hard” he said He said he worked hard
“i wil work hard” he said He said he would work hard
“i have been working hard” He said he had been working hard
“i’m going to work hard” he said He said he was going to work hard
“i can work hard” he said He said he might work hard
“i may work hard” he said He said
“i must work hard” he said He said he should work hard
“i should work hard” he said He asked him if he worked hard enough
“Do you work hard enough?” she said to him He asked me to work hard
“Work hard” she said to him He told him to work harder
Personal Pronouns and Possesives

Change acording to the context

 “i will show you my new dress” she said to me

 She said that she would show me her new dress

Det Pron Posev

i me my mine
you you your your
he him his his
she her her hers
it its its
we us our ours
they them their theirs
Certain words change as follows depending on context

Direct Speech Reported Speech

this/these that/those
here there
come go
tonight that night
today that day
this week that week
now then
yesterday the day before
last night the previous night
tomorrow the following day
two days ago two days before

Reported Questions

We use the affirmative word order and the question mark become a full stop

 ASK + WH- word : when there is a wh- word

 ASK IF/WHETHER: when the question begins with an auxilliary verb

He said, ‘what are you doing?’ = He asked what i was doing

He said, ‘Did you enjoy the party?’ He asked IF/ WHETHER i had enjoyed the party

Reported Verbs