ENGLISH

LESSONS
Hiba LASFAR
THE PRESENT
SIMPLE
I- AFFIRMATIVE FROM
I
You
We Verb
You
They

He
She Verb + S
It
II- NEGATIVE FROM
I
You
We Do Not ( don’t) Verb
You
They

He
She Does Not Verb + S
It
EXAMPLE : TO LIKE CHEESE
I
You
We Like cheese
You
They

He
She Likes cheese
It
III- QUESTIONS
I
You
Do We
You
They
Verb + ?

He
DOES She
It
SHORT ANSWERS
I
You
Do /
We
Yes, Don’t
You
They

He
No, Does /
She
Doesn’t
It
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT
SIMPLE ?
 To talk about things we do repetitively Habits
Exemples :
I take the bus everyday at 7: 00 AM .
He brushes his teeth everynight before he goes to bed .
My sister plays football every Sunday .
The ship sales every weekend .
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT
SIMPLE ?
 To talk about things that are always true Facts
Exemples :
The sky is blue.
The earth goes round the sky .
I am a student .
Tigers are big .
Schools starts at 8:05 AM and finishes at 3:30 PM ;
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT
SIMPLE ?
 To talk about things that won’t change:
Exemple :
I live in Paris.
 To discribe myself :
Exemple :
I am Australian .
 To talk about Short actions in the present :
Exemple :
He takes the ball and scores a goal .
WHEN DO WE USE PRESENT
SIMPLE ?
 To talk about things that are always true Facts
Exemples :
The sky is blue.
The earth goes round the sky .
I am a student .
Tigers are big .
Schools starts at 8:05 AM and finishes at 3:30 PM ;
 REMEMBER …

Verbs ending in : ch, s, sh, o, x Verbs ending in a consonant : ( b, c, d, f …)

Present simple form (he, she, it ) = verb + es Present simple form = change y into ies

Watch  Watches
Guess  Guesses Study  Studies
Finish finishes Carry  Carries
Go  Goes Fly  Flies
Fix  Fixes
PRACTICE
Find the mistakes
 Do he like basketball ?
 I likes eating pizza.
 She do her homework on the service bus.
 The film finishs at eight.
 My friends goes on holiday next week .
 She carrys her little sister to the car in the morning.
 Nicole Kidman act in a lot of films.
 We plays in the garden at break.
 Our teacher talk very clearly.
CHANGE THE VERB INTO THE CORRECT FORM, THEN
PRESS "CHECK" TO CHECK YOUR ANSWERS. USE THE
"HINT" BUTTON TO GET A FREE LETTER IF YOU DON'T
KNOW. NOTE THAT YOU WILL LOSE POINTS IF YOU ASK
FOR HINTS!
 1. I usually   go (go) to school. Habit
2. They visit  (visit) us often. Habit
3. You  play  (play) basketball once a week. habit
4. Tom   Works (work) every day. Habits
5. He always  tells  (tell) us funny stories. Habits
6. She never  helps  (help) me with that!
7. Martha and Kevin   swim (swim) twice a week.
8. In this club people usually  Dance  (dance) a lot.
9. Linda  Takes care  (take care) of her sister.
10. John rarely   Leaves (leave) the country.
11. We   Live (live) in the city most of the year.
12. Lorie   Travels (travel) to Paris every Sunday.
13. I   Bake (bake) cookies twice a month.
14. You always   Teach (teach) me new things.
15. She   helps (help) the kids of the neighborhood.
COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH WITH THE PRESENT SIMPLE OF THE
VERBS BELOW. YOU MUST USE SOME VERBS MORE THAN ONCE.
HELP, HAVE, WAKE UP, LIKE, WALK, HAVE, WATCH, READ, LIVE

 Mr. Jones lives in a small town. Every day he wakes up at 7 o’clock. He Has breakfast and
then he walks to school. He is a teacher. His students like him very much because he is very
nice. They watch him carefully during classes. Mr. Jones also likes his work very much. He
finishes work at 3 o’clock and walks back home. Mr. Jones lives with his wife and his two
children. In the evening they often watcha film together. They have dinner at 8 o’clock in the
evening. Usually they have a soup and a salad, which Mr. Jones prepares. The children help
him because they both like cooking.
WRITE A FEW SENTENCES ABOUT WHAT
YOU DO IN THE WEEKENDS ! USE PRESENT
SIMPLE
 The program of my weekend is very simple. Generally, I work saturday and Sunday. I start
from 11 a.m to 9 p.m. and I can work any amount of time during this period . During this
period I have a break during wich I eat with friends. I also do my homework during this break.
When I finish, I go to my boyfriend's housse and spend time with him .
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS FORM
 The present continuous is made from the present tense of the verb To be (auxilary ) and the –
ing form of a verb: gerund
Pronoun Présent tense of the verb to be

I Am
You Are
He Is
She Is Verb+ing
It Is
We Are
They Are
 EXAMPLES
I am working

You are playing

He is talking

She is Living

It is Eating

We are staying

They are sleeping
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
NEGATIVE FORM
Présent tense of the verb to be
Pronoun
(Negative form )

I Am Not

You Are Not / Aren’t

He
Verb+ing
She Is Not / Isn’t

It

We
Are Not / Aren’t
They
QUESTIONS IN PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
Présent tense of the verb to be
Pronoun
(Negative form )

Am I

Are / Aren’t You

He
Not
Verb+ing ?
(long form)
Is / Isn’t She

It

Are / Aren’t We

Are They
USE OF PRESENT CONTIUOUS
 Thing that are happening now
 You can use the present continuous to describe immediate events taking place in the current
moment:
 Example
 “She is eating dinner right now and cannot answer the phone.”
 You can also use it in the same way for the negative form:
 Example
 “They’re not watching TV at the moment.”
USE OF PRESENT CONTIUOUS
 Temporary events
 For longer actions that may be taking place for a temporary period only, you can use the
present continuous tense to describe them. It can be used for any temporary situation, no
matter how long or short it is.
 Example
 “He’s studying a new language at the moment.”
USE OF PRESENT CONTIUOUS
 A new pattern or habit
 A really interesting way of using the present continuous tense is to describe events or actions
that are new and different from events in the past. In this case, the tense can be used to
highlight the contrast between the old and new.
 Example
 “These days, people are writing emails a lot less than they used to a few years ago.”
 It can also be used to describe a regular habit that someone has – whether it is a good habit, or
a bad one!
 Example
 “You’re always running late with all your deadlines!”
USE OF PRESENT CONTIUOUS
 Future plans
 When describing something that will take place in the future, the present continuous tense can
be used when you are discussing something that is already discussed or planned ahead.
 Example
 “When we arrive at the airport, we are taking a private car directly to the hotel.
WHEN NOT TO USE!
 You do not use it to describe events that happen normally, or for a long time:
 you do not use the present continuous verb is with non-continuous verbs :
 example: to love, to fear, to want, to cost, and others
 https://www.toughtco.com/non-continuous-stative-verbs-4176989
WRITE THE CORRECT WORDS.
DO - HAVE - FEEL – TAKE – HAVE - LEAVE

1. Will you please be quiet? I am doing my homework.

2. Can I phone you later? We  are just  having our dinner.
3. Could you stop the car, please? I am feeling sick.
4.Can I take a message?Ray is taking a shower at the
moment.
5. Is it OK if we take a taxi? I am having problems with my
car today.
6.Would you start cooking the dinner? I am leaving the
office now.
PAST SIMPLE
PRÉTÉRIT
PAST SIMPLE FORM
 Some verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs follow a pattern. They are easier to learn.
 You add –d to regular verbs that end with a vowel to form the past simple tense
 Examples : arrive+d = arrived, love+d = loved , like+d= liked , hate = hated ( = : equals )
 You add –ed to regular verbs that end with a consonant to form the past simple tense
 Examples : work +ed = worked ( workd) , listen+ed = listened ( listend), start = started
 You add –ied to regular verbs that end in a consonant + y to form the past simple tense.
 Examples : study + ied = studied, try+ ied = tried, enjoy + ied = enjoyed.
PAST SIMPLE FORM
 Some verbs are irregular. Irregular verbs don’t follow any pattern. You need to learn them
 Here are some irregular verbs

The infinitive The simple past

be was/were
write wrote
come came
do did
meet met
speak spoke
 THE AFFIRMATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE
PAST:
Pronoun ( subject ) simple past

I, you, he, she, it, we, they Verb + ed

Examples:
I played tennis with my friends yesterday.
I finished lunch and I did my homework.
I came to my house yesterday.
THE INTERROGATIVE FORM OF THE
SIMPLE PAST:
Past simple form of the verb Pronoun ( subject ) Infinitive
« To do »

Did I, you, he, she, it, we, they Verb + ?

Examples:
Did you play basketball yesterday?
Did you watch television?
Did you do the homework?
Did you read the book ? I Red the book ?
Rode = to ride
 THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE
PAST:
Subject Negative form of the Past Infinitive
simple form of the verb « To
do »

I, you, he, she, it, we, they Did not / didn’t Verb

Examples
I didn't like the food served in the wedding party last Saturday.
I didn't eat it.
I didn’t work on Saturday .
PAST SIMPLE USE
 We use the simple past to talk about things that are no longer happening
 Example 1

What happened When it happened Tense / verb

I was hungry when i woke up This is how i felt in the past Past tense of the verb « to be »

Then i had brekfast This happened in the past Past tense of the verb « to
have »

I am not hungry any more This is how i feel now Present tense of the verb «  to
be »
 Caught = to catch

Example 2
What happened When it happened Tense / verb

I caught the bus to college This is how i felt in the past Past tense of the verb « to
catch »

I had my lesson This happened in the past Past tense of the verb « to
have »

Now it is lunchtime This is how i feel now Present tense of the verb «  to
be »
OTHER USES OF THE SIMPLE
PAST
 The simple past is used principally to describe events in
the past, but it also has some other uses. Here are the main
uses of the simple past.
FINISHED EVENTS IN THE
PAST
 William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
 Christoph Columbus discovered America in 1492.
 He kissed her and left.
 She learned her english lessons week.
PAST HABITUAL ACTION

 I visited them every day for a year.

 I drove to work every day when I worked with that
company.
 I went to school every day last year.
 EVENTS THAT WERE TRUE
FOR SOME TIME IN THE PAST

He lived in Paris for 20 years.

They talked on the phone for ten minutes.
I loved Sammuel during one year
PRACTICE
Put the verbs into the simple past:
 Last year I (go) went  to England on holiday.
 It (be) was fantastic.
 I (visit)  visited  lots of interesting places. I (be)   was with two friends of mine .
 In the mornings we (walk)  walked  in the streets of London.
 In the evenings we (go) went   to pubs.
 The weather (be) was strangely fine.
 It (not / rain)   didn’t rain a lot.
 But we (see) saw some beautiful rainbows.
 Where (spend / you)  your last holiday? To spend  spent
WRITE THE PAST FORMS OF THE IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive Simple Past

1. meet met
2. drive Drove
3. have Had
4. put Put
5. Meet (mit) Met (mét)
6. know Knew
7. do did
8. keep Kept
9. leave Left

lose Lost
10.
 COMPLETE THE TABLE IN
SIMPLE PAST.
Affirmative Negative

He wrote a book. He didn’t write a book

He had lunch He didn’t have lunch

She was pretty She was not / wasn’t pretty

Put the sentences into simple past.
 We move to a new house. → moved
 They make a sandwich. →made
 He doesn't do the homework. → didn’t do
 They pay rent. → paid
 he visit his friends → visited
 Write sentences in simple past.
 Janet / miss / the bus → Janet missed the bus
 she / tidy / her room → She tidied
 Nancy / watch / not / television→ Nancy didn’t
watch television
FILL THE BLANKS WITH THE VERBS IN THE PAST
SIMPLE
TO BE– TO LIVE – TO START – TO WRITE–TO BE – TO DIE

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and

composer. He lived from 1756 to 1791. He started
composing at the age of five years old and wrote more than
600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when
he died
WRITING PRACTICE
 Write a short paragaraph about what you used to do when you were a child on weekends .
Focuse on past simple tense
 When i was a child, my weekends were very simple. In the morning i did my homework with
my parents and in the afternoon i played in my city with my friends. When I had time I (to
leave ) left my house and I explored the world anyone who would come with me.
 THE SIMPLE PAST OF THE VERB "TO BE"

 The affirmative form:

was.
I, he, she, it

were.
you, we, they

Pam was in London in 1999

We were together.
I was in Nante for my birth
I was in my boyfriend’s house Saturday
My parents were in Perpignan in 2004
 THE INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Was
I, he, she, it?

Were
you, we, they?

Were you in London last year?

Was Pam with you?
Were they with you last night ?
Was pam sick (ill ) yesterday ?
THE NEGATIVE FORM:

was not.
I, he, she, it
wasn't.
were not.
You, we, they
weren't.

Pam wasn't in Paris in 1999.

We weren't in Paris.
Pam wasn’t at work yesterday.
You weren’t at the party last week
REMEMBER:
1. Use of the simple past
 The simple past is used principally to describe events in the past.

2. wasn't is the short form of was not. You can say either:
 I was not in Paris, or
 I wasn't in Paris.

3. weren't is the short form of were not. You can say either:
 we were not in Paris, or
 we weren't in Paris.
PRACTICE
CHOOSE WAS/WERE OR AM/IS/ARE TO
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

1- My son was/were short in school, but now he am/is/are tall.

2- 'Were/Was you at the stadium yesterday?' 'Yes, I were’s/was.’
3- Yesterday Philip and Emma were/was in London. Today they is/am/are in Paris.
4- Sara and I were/was at home that night, and you were/was with us.
5- Yesterday we were/was late for the concert, and today I am/are/is late for class.
6- Asim is/was/were born in Egypt, and I was/were/am born in Birmingham.
7- 'Were/Was you excited about the trip?' 'Yes, we ’re/was/were very excited.’
8- Were/Was Kate angry yesterday after the meeting?' 'No, but I think
she are/is/am angry now.’
9- Was/Were you at the beach last Sunday?' 'Yes, I was/were.
10- The weather is/are/was nice today, but it was/were horrible last weekend.
WATCH THE VIDEO AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS :
 https://en.islcollective.com/video-lessons/was-were-princess-and-frog
 USED TO
 ‘Used to’ is used to talk about past situations or habits that continued for months or years and to
emphasize that the situation today is different.
 ‘Used to’ has the same form in all persons, singular and plural and it is followed by infinitive.
 We also use ‘Used to’ …for things that were true but are not true anymore.
I used to think Armando was serious, but I realize he´s a very nice person.
 l used to do something is past. There is no present form. You cannot say ‘I use to do’.
I used to live with my parents but now I live with my husband or I live with my husband but I
used to live with my parents.
 We form questions and negations with the auxiliary verb did / did not (didn’t), the subject and
the verb “use” without –d.
Did Silvia use to have long hair?
Carlos didn’t use to drink a lot of alcohol.
PRACTICE
COMPLETE THEN SENTENCES WITH USED
TO… AND THE VERBS IN THE BOX.
To play – to listen - to have- to read- to live – to like

 1. When I was seven years old I used to like ice-cream.

 2. I used to play hide and seek.
 3. Ten years ago I used to live in an apartment.
 4. When I was in elementary school I used to have a bicycle.
 5. My grand’pa used to listen to the radio and read many books.
2. Ten years ago, Max was a student, now he is a doctor. Use the prompts to ask and answer questions about Max,
as in the example

THEN NOW
be very messy be very neat
live with his parents have his own house
take the bus to the university have his own car
play soccer go to the gym
wear long hair wear short hair

 A: Did Max use to be very neat?B: No, he didn’t. He used to be very messy.
A:________________________________ B:________________________________
A:________________________________ B:________________________________
A:________________________________ B:________________________________
A:________________________________ B:________________________________
3. HAVE YOU CHANGED IN THE LAST TEN
YEARS? WRITE ANSWERS TO THESE
QUESTIONS.
 1. Where did you use to spend your vacation ten years ago? Where do you go now? I used
to…_____________________________________________________ Now,…
_______________________________________________________
 2. What kind of music did you use to like then? Who were your favorite singers? What kind of
music do you like now?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 3. What kind of clothes did you use to wear? What kind of clothes do you wear now?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
PAST
CONTINUOUS
 PAST CONTINUOUS
 Yesterday, Liza and Jim played tennis. They began at 10:00
and finished at 11:30.
 So at 11:00, they were playing tennis.
 They were playing="they were in the middle of playing."
They had not finished yet.
 Was/were playing is the past continuous.
THE AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Pronoun Past simple of the verb to be

He
Was
She
Verb+ing
It

You

We Were

They
EXAMPLE
 Yesterday evening I was watching a film, when someone knocked on the door.
 This morning I was revising my lessons when my father came in.
 Jim and Liza were playing tennis yesterday at 11:00.
 I was studying at 3 PM
THE INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Past simple  To Be Pronoun
I
He
Was She
Les outils pour poser la
question (WH questions It Verb+ing
who-where-how –when
…) You
We
Were
They
EXEMPLES
 What (to do /you)yesterday evening? ==> What were you doing yesterday evening ?
 And what  (to do / mother )?  and what was mother doing ?
 Where (to go / you), this morning at 7:30?  where were you going this motning?
 What (to do / jim and lisa )?  what where jim and liza doing ?
 Where were you running ?
THE NEGATIVE FORM:
Forme réduite = contraction

Pronoun Past simple of the verb to be

He
Was not (wasn’t )
She
Verb+ing
It

You

We Were not (weren’t )

They
EXAMPLES
 I wasn’t reading a book yesterday evening; I was watching a film.
 My mother wasn’t preparing dinner; she was working on the computer.
 We weren’t playing cards
 I wasn’t eating pizza, I was eating fish
 THE USE OF THE PAST
CONTINUOUS:

-We use the past continuous for an action in the past that was interrupted

-We use the past continuous to talk about actions or events that hapenned in a specific time in the past

- We use the past continuous for two actions that were occuring simultaneously in the past
Examples :
I was singing in my, But ( When) my father came in
At 3 PM I was studying
I was reading (while / and ) my mother was cooking
 THE USE OF THE PAST
CONTINUOUS:
 -We use the past continuous for describing an atmosphere

•When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing,

some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and
customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a
secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other
about the bad service.

-We use the past continuous for an action that happened with repetition in the past
The past continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something
irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression used to but
with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing

She was always coming to class late.

He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.
 Meaning = sens
Meeting = rencontre

REMEMBER.
 "Wasn't playing" and "weren't playing" are the short forms of "was not playing" and "were
not playing »
 Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me."
Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing."
When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense 
simple past, whereas "while" is usually followed by past continuous. "While" expresses the
idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they
emphasize different parts of the sentence.
 I was studying when she called.
 While I was studying, she called
 I was studying while she was calling
MAKE THE PAST CONTINUOUS (YOU NEED TO
CHOOSE POSITIVE, NEGATIVE OR QUESTION):

 1. (he / cook)  he was cooking

 2. (she / play cards?) was she playing cards ?
 3. (I / not / cry) I wasn’t crying
 4. (you / not / feel well) you weren’t feeling well
 5. (where / I / go when I met you?) where was I going when I met you ?
 6. (she / not / sleeping at midnight) she wasn’t sleepping at midnight
 7. (I / work?) was I working
 8. (you / sleep when I got home?) Were you sleeping when I got home,
 9. (it / rain at lunchtime) It was raining at lunchtime
 10. (what / you / do?) What were you doing
WRITE THE CORRECT VERB FORM INTO THE
GAP. USE THE PAST PROGRESSIVE.

  Ashley  /on the computer? (to work)

  They / the bike? (to repair)
  Melissa  /out a book? (to take)
  you /  to music? (to listen)
  Nicolas / at a picture? (to look)
  Emma and Bertha / their friend? (to phone)
  the girl / the window? (to open)
  he / judo? (to do)
  the friends / home from school?(to come)
  Tyler  with the cooking? (to help)
MAKE THE POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE PAST
CONTINUOUS:
 1. (Julie / sleep at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 2. (you / study at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 3. (Luke / read at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 4. (I / work at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 5. (they / eat chocolate at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 6. (John / play tennis at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 7. (we / watch TV at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________
 8. (he / use the Internet at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
 9. (you / cook lunch at three o’clock) __________________________________________________________________ 1
 0. (we / travel to London at three o’clock)
MAKE PAST CONTINUOUS
‘YES / NO’ QUESTIONS:
 When you arrived at the party...
 1. (Alan / dance?) ___________________________________________________________ `
 2. (Susie / drink gin?) _______________________________________________________________
 3. (John and Ann / sing?) _______________________________________________________________
 4. (Luke / talk to the girls?) _______________________________________________________________
 5. (Jodie / put on make up?) _______________________________________________________________ 6.
(we / cook?) _______________________________________________________________
 7. (Jane / play guitar?) _______________________________________________________________
 8. (David / read a book?) _______________________________________________________________
 9. (Francis / sit in the corner?) _______________________________________________________________
 10. (everybody / have fun?)
 CHOOSE THE PAST SIMPLE OR PAST
CONTINUOUS:
 1. What ________________________ (you / do) when I  6. We ________________________ (play) tennis when
John
 ________________________ (call) you last night?
 ________________________ (hurt) his ankle.
 2. I ________________________ (sit) in a café when
you  7. What ________________________ (they / do) at
10pm last night? It
 ________________________ (call).
 ________________________ (be) really noisy.
 3. When you ________________________ (arrive) at
the party, who  8. He ________________________ (take) a shower
when the telephone
 ________________________ (be) there?
 ________________________ (ring).
 4. Susie ________________________ (watch) a film
when she  9. He ________________________ (be) in the shower
when the telephone
 ________________________ (hear) the noise.
 ________________________ (ring).
 5. Yesterday I ________________________ (go) to the
library, next I  10. When I ________________________ (walk) into the
room, everyone
 ________________________ (have) a swim, later I
 ________________________ (work).
 ________________________ (meet) Julie for a coffee.
 11. It ________________________ (be) a day last
September. The sun
 ________________________ (shine), the birds
________________________
 (sing). I ________________________ (walk) along the
street when I
 ________________________ (meet) an old friend.
 12. He ________________________ (live) in Russia
when the Revolution
 ________________________ (start).
 13. When her train ________________________ (get)
to the station, we
 ________________________ (wait) on the platform.
 14. He ________________________ (be) so annoying!
He
 ________________________ (always / leave) his
things everywhere.
 15. On holiday we ________________________
(visit) Rome,
 ________________________ (see) the Vatican, and
 ________________________ (spend) a few days at the
beach.
 16. Why ________________________ (you / stand) on
a chair when I
 ________________________ (come) into the room?
 17. They ________________________ (live) in
Germany when they
 ________________________ (be) young.
 18. At 7pm yesterday, we
________________________ (listen) to music.
 19. When I ________________________ (leave) the
house, it
 ________________________ (snow).
 20. He ________________________ (work) in a bank
when he
 ________________________ (meet) his wife.
 The last few months were so hectic.  I To Do so many things all at
the same time.  I To Plan to go to the mall with my friend Sadhana. 
We To Look/ Always forward for the opportunity to go out
together.  As we To Goto the mall, my car broke down.  We To
Stand by the side of the road.  We To Waitfor the mechanic.  When
we To Retun home from the garage, it started raining. We reached
home completely drenched.  It To Rain  for the rest of the day. 
Since, we could not go out, Sadhana and I To Play cards at home. 
We To Feel tired of being at home.  So, we planned to cook our
favourite food.  We To Cook food, when the phone rang.  Sadhana’s
mother To Call . She To Come to pick up Sadhana from my home. 
She To Bring some ice-cream for us to eat. It To rain outside, while
we To enjoy our ice-cream at home.  After a while, the rain stopped
and Sadhana went home with her mother.  We To Have a great time
together.
PRESENT
PERFECT
FORM
I Have
YOU
We
they Past Particible
He Has
She
It

Examples :
I have drunk all the water. 
He has influenced my decision.
We have fought last week 
 REMEMBER

Long form Short form ( contraction )

have + PP ‘ve + PP

Has + PP ‘s + PP

Example :
I’ve drunk all the water.
He’s influenced my decision.
You’ve eaten all the food
Positive Negative Interrogative

I have worked. I have not worked. Have I worked?

you have worked you have not worked have you worked?

he has worked he has not worked has he worked?

she has worked she has not worked has she worked?

We have worked we have not worked have we worked?

you have worked you have not worked have you worked?

they have worked they have not worked have they worked?
I have worked = I've worked I have not = I haven't worked
He has worked = He's worked He has not = He hasn’t worked

Examples:
Have you finished the job?
No, I haven't finished yet.
Yes, I have already finished.
She's just finished her job.
THE USE OF THE PRESENT
PERFECT SIMPLE

1. To emphasize the result of a past action without mentioning the actual time when it happened:
Examples:
 I have met that girl before.
We have discussed this issue a few times.
I have travelled before .
You have done your work before .
 Action performed in a period that has not finished yet (the same day, week, month, etc.):
 Examples:
  Have you seen Lacy today? (The day is not over yet.)
  I have had several tests this month. (The month has not finished yet.)
 I haven’t read this book this month .
 3. Action that started in the past and has continued until now. Often used with since (indicating
the beginning of action) or for (indicating the duration of action):
 Examples:
 They have lived here for ten years.
  I have not seen her since we left high school.
 Clare and John have known each other since they were in primary school.
 I haven’t eaten fish for eight weeks / since february
 4. It is used to indicate completed activities in the immediate past (with just).
 Example:
  " He has just taken the medicine. »
 She has just learned/ studied frensh
PRESENT PERFECT VS PAST SIMPLE TENSE:

 The use of past simple instead of present perfect requires clear reference to a past
period/moment:

Present perfect Simple past

I have met that girl before I met that girl at the beach last Saturday.

Have you seen Nancy recently? Did you see Nancy yesterday?

We have discussed this issue a few times. We discussed this issue last month.

I have had some tests this week. I had some tests last week

 Complete the sentences with the present perfect of  6. You (have)  have had that suit for more than ten
the verbs in brackets ( ). years! Isn't it time to get a new one?
 Remember that the adverbs 'ever' and 'never' go  7. Since he finished university, my brother (work) 
AFTER 'have/has' and BEFORE the past participle.
Has worked in five different countries.
 1. Sophie and I (know) have known each other since we
 8. Zerrin (watch)  has watched that TV programme
were at school together.
every week since it started.
 2. I (play)  have played tennis since I was eight years
 9. I (never like) have never liked bananas. I think
old.
they're horrible!
 3. Alain (be) has been in hospital three times this year.
 10. What's the most interesting city you (ever
 4. I (want) have wanted to be an actor for as long as I visit) have ever visited?
can remember.
 5. My uncle (smoke)  has smoked 40 cigarettes a day
for 40 years – and he's a doctor!
MATCH THE ANSWERS WITH
THE QUESTIONS.
 Could I borrow that book some time? It looks
really interesting.
 Would you like some more ice cream?
 Sure, you can borrow it now. I’ve finished it
 No, thanks. I’ve had enough
 Why isn't Ben at work today?
 He’s in a hospital. He's broken his leg!
 Are you all right?
 Do you know Mary Johnson in the sales
department?  No, I’m not. I think somebody’s taken my
bag!
 I know the name but I’ve never met her.
 Where are you going on holiday this year?
 We’ve decided to spend a week in Paris.
BE CAREFUL!
 We do not use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to a finished past time:

last when I was

yesterday in 2017 etc.
week/month/year younger

 I have seen that film yesterday.

We have just bought a new car last week.
When we were children we have been to California.
 but we can use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to a time which is not yet finished:

todaythis week/month/year/now that I am 18etc.

Have you seen Helen today?
We have bought a new car this week.
PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
subject auxiliary have auxiliary be main verb

conjugated in Present past participle  

Simple

have, has been present participle (verb-

ing)

I have been working

INTERROGATIVE AND
NEGATIVE FORM
  subject auxiliary   auxiliary main verb  
verb verb
+ I have   been waiting for one hour.
+ You have   been talking too much.
- It has not been raining.  
- We have not been playing football.
? Have you   been seeing her?
? Have they   been doing their
homework?
 Has she been eating for thirty minutes ?
 We have not been doing ou homework .
 CONTRACTION WITH PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
Long form Short form

I have been I've been

You have been You've been

He has been He's been

She has been She's been
It has been It's been
John has been John's been
The car has been The car's been
We have been We've been

They have been They've been

EXAMPLES
 I've been reading.
 Jenny's been helping us recently.
 In negative sentences, we may contract the first auxiliary verb and "not":
 I haven't been playing tennis.
 It hasn't been snowing.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS USES

 USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

 We use the present perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up
until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be
used with the present perfect continuous.
 Examples:
 They have been talking for the last hour.
 She has been working at that company for three years.
 What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
 James has been teaching at the university since June.
 We have been waiting here for over two hours!
 Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?
USE 2 RECENTLY, LATELY

 You can also use the present perfect continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two
weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use
the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.
 Examples:
 Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
 She has been watching too much television lately.
 Have you been exercising lately?
 Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
 Lisa has not been practicing her English.
 What have you been doing?
PUT THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT FORM
(PRESENT PERFECT /CONTINUOUSPROGRESSIVE).

 He (has been working)  in this company since 1985.

 I (have been waiting)  for you since two o'clock.
 Mary (has been living)  in Germany since 1992.
 Why is he so tired? He (has been playing)  tennis for five hours.
 How long (have you been learning)  English?
 We (having been looking for)  the motorway for more than an hour.
 I (have been living)  without electricity for two weeks.
 The film (hasn’t been run )  for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
 How long (has she been working)  in the garden?
 She hasn’t been in the garden for more than an hour.
USING THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES, COMPLETE
THE TEXT BELOW WITH THE APPROPRIATE
TENSES(PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
 Robin: I think the waiter has forgotten us. We have been waiting here for over half an hour and nobody
has taken our order yet.

Michele: I think you're right. He has walked by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (have
already ordered) .

Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (have only been ) here for five or ten minutes and they
already have their food.

Michele: He must realize we haven’t ordered yet! We have been sitting here for over half an hour staring
at him.

Robin: I don't know if he has even noticed us. He has been running from table to table taking orders and
serving food.

Michele: That's true, and he hasn’t looked in our direction once.

 USING THE WORDS IN PARENTHESES, COMPLETE
THE TEXT BELOW WITH THE APPROPRIATE
TENSES(PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT
 1. It hasPERFECT
been raining  all week. ICONTINUOUS)
hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach.

2. Sid: Where is Gary?

Sarah: He is studying at the library  for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he has been reviewing for the test every day for the last
week.

3. You look really great! Have You been exercising at the fitness center ?

4. Frank, where have you been? We have been waiting for you since 1 PM.

5. Tim: What is that sound?

Nancy: A car alarm is ringing  somewhere down the street. It is driving  me crazy - I wish it would stop! It has been ringing  for more
than twenty minutes.

6. Joseph's English is really improving, isn't it? He has been watching  American television programs and has been studying  his
grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.

7. Dan: You look a little tired. Have you been getting enough sleep lately?
Michelle: Yes, I have been sleeping relatively well. I just look tired because I have been a little sick for the last week.
Dan: I hope you feel better soon.
Michelle: Thanks. I am currently taking some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of days.
PAST PERFECT
The past perfect is a verb tense which is
used to show that an action took place
once or many times before another point
in the past. (past of the past )
subject auxiliary have main verb
conjugated in Past Simple  

I-you-he-she-it-we-you-they had past participle

I had met carla last night

 INTERROGATIVE AND
NEGATIVE FORM
  subject auxiliary verb   main verb  

+ I had   finished my work.

+ You had   stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.  
? Had you   arrived?  
? Had they   eaten dinner?

Had they come to school ?

She hadn’t driven last week .
CONTRACTION WITH PAST
PERFECT
Long form Short form
I had I'd
you had you'd
he had he'd
she had she'd
it had it'd
we had we'd
they had they'd

I had not / hadn’t

When we use the Past Perfect in speaking, we often contract the subject and the auxiliary verb.
We also sometimes do this in informal writing:
 I'd eaten already.
 They'd gone home.

In negative sentences, we may contract the auxiliary verb and "not":

 I hadn't finished my meal.
 Anthony hadn't had a day off for months.
USE OF THE PAST PERFECT
 USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past
 The past perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that
something happened before a specific time in the past.
 Examples:
 I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
 I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
 Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
 Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
 She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
 Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
 We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
 A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.
USE 2 DURATION BEFORE SOMETHING IN
THE PAST (NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS)

 With non-continuous verbs and some non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, we use the past
perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the
past.
 Examples:
 We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
 By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
 They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.
Although the above use of past perfect is normally limited to non-continuous verbs and non-
continuous uses of mixed verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes
used in this way even though they are NOT non-continuous verbs.
SIMPLE PAST AND PAST
PERFECT
 I can't believe I (get)  that apartment. I (submit)  my application last week, but I didn't think I
had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show)  up to take a look around, there were at least
twenty other people who (arrive)  before me. Most of them (fill, already)  out their
applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I (try)  to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want)  me to
include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I (have)  some
problems with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I (end)  up listing my
father as a reference.

It was total luck that he (decide)  to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and
my father (go)  to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he
(look)  at my credit report. I really lucked out!
SIMPLE PAST, PRESENT
PERFECT, AND PAST
PERFECT
 1. When I (arrive)  home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare)  a beautiful candlelight dinner.

2. Since I began acting, I (perform)  in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even)  publicly
before I came to Hollywood in 2010.

3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already)  without me. My boss (be)  furious with me and I (be)  fired.

4. When I (turn)  the radio on yesterday, I (hear)  a song that was popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not)  the song in years, and it
(bring)  back some great memories.

5. Last week, I (run)  into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We (see, not)  each other in years, and both of us (change)  a great deal. I
(enjoy)  talking to her so much that I (ask)  her out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner.

6. When Jack (enter)  the room, I (recognize, not)  him because he (lose)  so much weight and (grow)  a beard. He looked totally different!

7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture (disappear, virtually)  by the
time Europeans first (arrive)  in the New World.

8. I (visit)  so many beautiful places since I (come)  to Utah. Before moving here, I (hear, never)  of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or
Canyonlands.
1. I usually  (go) to school by bus.
2. Yesterday morning I  (get) up at 6.30.
3. We needed some money, so we  (sell) our car.
4. "  she ever  (be) in Spain?"
5. "What  Peter  (do) now?"
6. Please don't make so much noise. I  (study) for my online degree.
7. Water  (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.
8. Carol often  (play) tennis with her father.
9. Now Ron  (phone) Jill again. It  (be) the third time he  (phone) her this evening.
10. It  (rain) now. It  (begin) raining two hours ago. So, it  (rain) for two hours.
11.  you  (hear) anything from Tom since Christmas?
12. "  it  (rain)?" she always  (ask) me.
13. "  you  (go) out last night?"
14. New York  (be) one of the largest cities of the world.
15. This house  (cost) 35,000 pounds in 1980
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
FORM OF THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

The past perfect continuous refers to a duration of an event taking place before a certain time
in the past "past in the past"..

subject auxiliary have auxiliary be main verb

conjugated in Past past participle  

Simple

had been present participle

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had been working. I had not been working. Had I been working?
You had been working. You had not been working. Had you been working?

Examples:
You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrive.
 CONTRACTION WITH PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

I had been I'd been He'd been drinking all day.

It'd been pouring with rain.
you had been you'd been In negative sentences, we may contract the
first auxiliary verb and "not":
We hadn't been living there long.
he had been he'd been They hadn't been studying very hard.
she had been she'd been
it had been it'd been

we had been we'd been

they had been they'd been

 subject  auxiliary auxiliary  main verb
verb verb

+ I had   been working.  

+ You had   been playing tennis.

- It had not been working well.

- We had not been expecting her.

? Had you   been drinking?  

? Had they   been waiting long?

USE OF THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

 1. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and continued
up until another action stopped it.
 Example:
• We had been playing soccer when the accident occurred
 2. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and continued
up until another time in the past. In this case we use expressions of duration such as:
• for an hour
• for three years
 Example:
• I had been living in that small town for three years before I moved to New York.
 3. We use the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past to show cause and
effect.
 Example:
 I was so tired. I had been revising my lessons for hours.
MAKE THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS POSITIVE:
 1. I _______________________________ (work) all day, so I didn’t want to go out.

 2. She _______________________________ (sleep) for ten hours when I woke her.

 3. They _______________________________ (live) in Beijing for three years when he lost his job.

 4. When we met, you _______________________________ (work) at that company for six months.
 5. We _______________________________ (eat) all day, so we felt a bit ill.

 6. He was red in the face because he _______________________________ (run).

 7. It _______________________________ (rain), and the road was covered in water.

 8. I was really tired because I _______________________________ (study).

 9. We _______________________________ (go) out for three years when we got married.

 10. It _______________________________ (snow) for three days

PUT THE VERBS INTO THE
CORRECT FORM (PAST
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE).
 We (sleep)  for 12 hours when he woke us up.
 They (wait)  at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
 We (look for)  her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.
 I (not / walk)  for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
 How long (learn / she)  English before she went to London?
 Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing)  in the rain too long.
 He (drive)  less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
 They were very tired in the evening because they (help)  on the farm all day.
 I (not / work)  all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.
 They (cycle)  all day so their legs were sore in the evening.
MAKE THE PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS OR THE PAST
SIMPLE:
 1. I ________________________ (wait) for hours, so I was really glad when the bus finally ________________________ (arrive).
 2. Why ________________________ (be) the baby’s face so dirty? He ________________________ (eat) chocolate.
 3. I ________________________ (see) John yesterday, but he ________________________ (run) so he was too tired to chat.
 4. It ________________________ (rain) and the pavement ________________________ (be) covered with puddles.
 5. When I ________________________ (arrive), it was clear that she ________________________ (work). There were papers all
over the floor and books everywhere.
 6. They ________________________ (study) all day so, when we ________________________ (meet), they were exhausted.
 7. The boss ________________________ (talk) to clients on Skype for hours, so she ________________________ (want) a break.
 8. I ________________________ (drink) coffee all morning. By lunchtime, I ________________________ (feel) really strange. 9.
Lucy ________________________ (hope) for a new car, so she was delighted when she ________
 ________________ (get) one.
 10. I ________________________ (dream) about a holiday in Greece! I couldn’t believe it when my husband
________________________ (book) one as a surprise!
GLOSSARY
 Les études de l’enfant/des enfants : child studies / children’s studies
 Next = suivant / Next to = à côté