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CHAPTER 5—EXPANDING THE TALENT POOL: RECRUITMENT AND

CAREERS

TRUE/FALSE

1. Most American clothing makers have outsourced or offshored work because the quality of the items
produced is much greater when manufactured outside the United States.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 180 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: K

2. Surprisingly, recruiting strategies and their effectiveness generally remain constant over time.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 181 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: K

3. Applicants who find employment through an employee referral tend to be a problem because they tend
to quit more often.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: pp. 190-191 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

4. Advertisements can allow selectivity in attracting applicants.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 188 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

5. There is a correlation between the accuracy and completeness of an advertisement, and recruitment
success.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 188 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

6. Often, applicants will respond to an advertisement even if they don't meet the job requirements.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 188 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

 7. Organizations can improve employee referrals by paying a commission, celebrate program successes,
and measure the results.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 191 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: U | 5-3 TYPE: A

8. Educational institutions are typically a source of young applicants with formal training but relatively
little full-time work experience.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 193 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

9. For technical and managerial positions, community colleges are generally the primary source of
recruitment.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 193 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: U

10. Recruiters sent to college campuses must be properly trained to and prepared to talk to candidates
about their company and job requirements of specific openings.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 193 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

11. Labor unions can be a recruiting source for some professional job openings.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 195 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

12. Professional employer organizations lease employees to firms and perform all the HR duties including
hiring, payroll, performance appraisal, and benefits administration.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 197 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K | 5-3 TYPE: U

13. Unlike temporary help agencies, which supply workers for only limited periods, employee-leasing
companies place their employees with subscribers on a permanent basis.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 197 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

14. Yield ratios can help indicate which recruitment sources are most effective at producing qualified job
candidates.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 199 OBJ: 5-4 TYPE: K

15. Yield ratios should be calculated for each recruiting source.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 199 OBJ: 5-4 TYPE: U

16. The effectiveness and attractiveness of recruiters is often a main reason why applicants select one
organization over another.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 182 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: K

17. A recruiter's job is to 'sell' applicants on the organization, but they have no influence on their decision.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 184 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: U

18. The realistic job preview informs applicants about all aspects of the job, including both its desirable
and its undesirable facets.
 ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 198 OBJ: 5-4 TYPE: K

19. Realistic job previews reduce turnover, but also reduce job satisfaction.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 198 OBJ: 5-4 TYPE: K

20. It is not uncommon for firms to attempt to gain secrets from their competitors by hiring away their
employees.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 182 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: U

21. External labor markets are those where workers are hired into entry-level jobs and higher levels are
filled from within.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: pp. 182-183 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: K

22. China and India are heating up the competition for talent as firms there attempt to staff the burgeoning
high-tech industries in these nations.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 183 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: U

23. “Stickiness” refers to a company’s efforts to help existing and prospective workers understand why it
is a desirable place to work.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 184 OBJ: 5-1 TYPE: U

24. Job posting and bidding can be done via bulletin boards, intranet and electronic notification.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 185 OBJ: 5-2 TYPE: K

25. Skill inventories are an important tool for succession planning.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 186 OBJ: 5-2 TYPE: U

26. At least one research study has found that managers often hire external candidates
rather than promote their current employees because they have a tendency to overvalue
unfamiliar candidates and undervalue known ones.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 187 OBJ: 5-2 TYPE: A

27. Trade schools can be a good source of applicants for even high-level positions within organizations.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 187 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

28. Individual employees are responsible for initiating their own career planning.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Appendix OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

29. It is the responsibility of the employee to identify his or her own knowledge, skills, abilities, interests
and values and to seek out information about career options in order to set goals and develop career
plans.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Appendix OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: U

30. If career development is to succeed, it must receive the complete support of top management.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Appendix OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: U

31. Mentoring is one important indicator of management support in career development.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 213 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

32. Advertising job openings on websites and in newspapers and trade journals is a common
way to attract candidates.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 187 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: U

33. Lines of advancement within an organization are commonly referred to as career paths.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 204 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

34. Even when a job opening is described thoroughly in an advertisement, many unqualified applicants
will still apply.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 188 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: U

35. Walk-in job seekers seeking jobs that pay hourly wages are common in larger organizations.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 188 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: A

36. Many successful individuals find their career paths are due to their circumstances rather than planning.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 204 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

37. Relocation services help terminated employees find a job elsewhere.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 207 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: U

38. Outplacement services help terminated employees find a job elsewhere.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 207 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: A

39. Dual career paths provide for progression in special areas with compensation that is comparable to that
received by managers at different levels.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 209 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

40. Taking a job as a manager may result in a professional employee being promoted out of something
they were good at.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 206 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

41. In a boundary-less career, individuals see themselves as free agents who move proactively from
employer to employer.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 209 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: U

42. Looking on the Internet is the most commonly used search tactic by job seekers.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 188 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

43. Career planning workbooks are popular means of helping employees identify their potential.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 211 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: A

44. Passive job seekers are people who are not looking for jobs but could be persuaded to take new ones
given the right opportunity

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 189 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: U

45. Some organizations make career counseling a part of the annual performance appraisal.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 212 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: A

46. Fast-track programs were initiated in some organizations as a way to retain young managers with high
potential.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 213 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

47. Legally, a mentor should be used exclusively for career development purposes.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 213 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: U

48. Mentoring functions can be formal or informal.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 213 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K

49. Career networking is a formal process conducted by mentors outside the employee's organization.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 215 OBJ: 5-5 TYPE: K | 5-5 TYPE: U

50. Some surveys show that text messaging is the most popular type of e-recruiting.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 190 OBJ: 5-3 TYPE: K

51. The glass ceiling represents practical barriers to entry-level employment for women and minorities.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 217 OBJ: 5-6 TYPE: K

52. Glass ceiling reviews are conducted by the Dept. of Labor and are lists of companies that hinder
upward mobility of women and minorities.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 217 OBJ: 5-6 TYPE: U

53. Glass ceiling audits avoid or prevent fines by government.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 217 OBJ: 5-6 TYPE: U

54. A major problem women face in employment is managing both a managerial career and a family.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 219 OBJ: 5-6 TYPE: K

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 The Project Gutenberg eBook of Anastasia: The
autobiography of H.I.H. the Grand Duchess Anastasia
Nicholaevna of Russia
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
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Title: Anastasia: The autobiography of H.I.H. the Grand Duchess

Anastasia Nicholaevna of Russia

Author: Eugenia Smith

Dubious author: Emperor of Russia daughter of Nicholas II

Grand Duchess Anastasiia Nikolaevna

Release date: July 28, 2022 [eBook #68616]

Language: English

Original publication: United States: Robert Speller & Sons, 1963

Credits: Thomas Frost, Tim Lindell and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book
was produced from images made available by the
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANASTASIA:

THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF H.I.H. THE GRAND DUCHESS
ANASTASIA NICHOLAEVNA OF RUSSIA ***
 $5.95

This is the only authentic autobiography of the Grand

Duchess Anastasia Nicholaevna, fourth daughter of the late
Emperor Nicholas II and the late Empress Alexandra
Feodorovna of Russia.
The Grand Duchess Anastasia furnishes authentic information
and many previously unpublished details concerning the life
of the Imperial Family and suite from the days of her
childhood to the date of the murder of her parents and other
members of her Family in Ekaterinburg on the night of July
16-17, 1918.
Her story is divided into six major parts: the youthful years,
the period of the First World War, arrest and exile, life in
Tobolsk, life in Ekaterinburg, and the period after the tragedy
which includes her rescue and escape to Bukovina.
The life of a Grand Duchess of Russia was no downy bed of
roses. Discipline was imposed by the Tsar and Tsarina,
particularly the latter. Study was an essential duty which took
many hours. During the war years there were responsibilities
connected with the operation of hospitals for the wounded.
Always over the Family hung the fear of the possible demise
of the heir to the throne, the young Tsesarevich and Grand
Duke Alexei Nicholaevich, who had inherited haemophilia
through his Mother.
The Grand Duchess Anastasia rejects vigorously various
accusations directed against each of her parents. She explains
in her preface the reasons for her long submergence and for
her present re-emergence forty-five years after her reported
death.
Her style is brisk and invigorating. Her sense of humor
repeatedly delights with accounts of lighter events and
anecdotes.
This is an invaluable historical record.
ROBERT SPELLER & SONS, Publishers
33 West 42nd Street
New York, N.Y. 10036
 Photograph by Stephen Gaillard
Portrait by Richard Banks
H.I.H. THE GRAND DUCHESS ANASTASIA NICHOLAEVNA
OF RUSSIA
 ANASTASIA

The Autobiography of H.I.H. The Grand

Duchess
Anastasia Nicholaevna of Russia

Volume I

ROBERT SPELLER & SONS, PUBLISHERS

New York
© 1963 by Robert Speller & Sons, Publishers, Inc.
33 West 42nd Street
New York, New York 10036

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 63-22672

First edition
All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

 WITH LOVE AND ESTEEM
I dedicate this book
To My Family:
To My Father, His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor
Nicholas II,
To My Mother, Her Imperial Majesty, the Empress
Alexandra Feodorovna,
To My Brother, His Imperial Highness, the
Tsesarevich Alexei Nicholaevich,
To My Sisters, Their Imperial Highnesses, the Grand
Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, and Marie;
To those dear and understanding friends who perished with
My Family in Ekaterinburg;
Dr. Eugene Botkin, Mlle. Anna Demidova, Ivan
Kharitonov, and Trup;
To those faithful friends and companions who, because of
their loyalty to us, perished before or after the tragedy which
befell My Family:
Countess Anastasia Hendrikova, Mlle. Ekaterina
Schneider, Prince Vasily Dolgorukov, Count Ilia
Tatishchev, Nagorny, Chemodurov, and Ivan Sidniev;
To My Brother’s youthful companion and helper, whose fate I
never learned:
Leonid Sidniev;
To My Uncle, His Imperial Highness, the Grand Duke
Michael Alexandrovich, and his secretary and friend,
Nicholas Johnson, both of whom disappeared, apparently
murdered by the Bolsheviks;
To My Aunt, Her Imperial Highness, the Grand Duchess
Elizabeth Feodorovna, and her faithful nun, Varvara, who
were brutally murdered by the Bolsheviks;
To other members of the Imperial Family who were murdered
by the Bolsheviks;
To all members of the Imperial Family who died during the
First World War and the Civil War in Russia;
To all members of the Imperial Family, living and dead, who
survived the Bolshevik revolution;
To those dear and helpful friends:
Count Apraxin and Captain Nilov;
To the two officers who came to pay their respects and salute
My Father for the last time at the station at Tsarskoe Selo just
before our departure for Siberia:
Kushelev and Artasalev (?);
To friends who voluntarily accompanied My Family into
exile;
To my rescuer, Alexander;
To Nikolai; to the Serbian, the Croatian, and the former
Austrian soldier; and to all others who befriended and aided
me during the long journey from the vicinity of Ekaterinburg
to a refuge in Bukovina;
To those millions of heroes of the Russian Empire, sung and
unsung, who gave their lives in defense of their country
against the Central Powers and against the Bolsheviks;
To all members of the Imperial Armed Forces who served
their Emperor and their country faithfully and loyally at all
times;
To the millions who died in Russia from execution, starvation
and other causes deriving from Bolshevik cruelty, tyranny and
misrule;
To the members of the Imperial Armed Forces who are now
living outside their homeland and especially those among
them who are maimed and destitute;
To all who have helped me in any way since I left Russia;
To all these—departed and living, known and unknown,
relatives and friends—I am eternally grateful.
 Acknowledgements
The present book could never have been completed without the
encouragement, inspiration and help of friends who were interested in
having the story of my family, as known to me, the youngest of the four
daughters of the late Emperor Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra,
and my own story made known to the world.
My indebtedness to these friends is deep and lasting. First of all must be
mentioned the late Mrs. Helen Kohlsaat Wells, a close friend and
confidante for many, many years. She worked with me closely during the
years 1930 to 1934 during which we completed the first complete draft
of the manuscript. Many years later we worked intermittently on revising
the manuscript until Mrs. Wells’ untimely death. Also in a separate
category is the late Mr. John Adams Chapman, whose friendship and
counsel were so valuable at all times. Deserving of special gratitude are
Mrs. Marjorie Wilder Emery, Miss Edith Kohlsaat, Mr. and Mrs. Norman
Hanson, Mrs. John Adams Chapman, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Ellsworth
Laflin, Jr., and Mr. and Mrs. Francis Beidler II.
 Table of Contents
List of Illustrations xi
Author’s Preface xiii
PART ONE THE YOUTHFUL YEARS 1
Chapter I Earliest Memories 3
Chapter II School Days 15
Chapter III Cruises 25
Chapter IV The Crimea 40
Chapter V Spala: 1912 53
Chapter VI Jubilee: 1913 66
PART TWO THE FIRST WORLD WAR 73
Chapter VII Eve of the War: 1914 75
Chapter VIII No Choice But War 83
Chapter IX Family Heartaches 95
Chapter X Mogilev 113
Chapter XI Our Last Autumn in Tsarskoe Selo 126
Chapter XII Revolution 140
Chapter XIII Abdication 152
PART THREE ARREST AND EXILE 171
Chapter XIV Arrest 173
Chapter XV Subjugation 182
Chapter XVI Departure 193
Chapter XVII Journey 203
PART FOUR TOBOLSK 209
Chapter XVIII Orientation 211
 Chapter XIX Winter 226
Chapter XX Danger 236
Chapter XXI Separation 248

PART FIVE EKATERINBURG 263

Chapter XXII Reunion 265
Chapter XXIII Deprivation and Courage 278
Chapter XXIV The Nights Are Long 286
Chapter XXV Accusation 291
Chapter XXVI Fear and Dread 297
Chapter XXVII Our Final Decision 303
Chapter XXVIII Dawn Turns to Dusk 314

PART SIX AFTER THE TRAGEDY 321

Chapter XXIX Dugout 323
Chapter XXX Recovery 338
Chapter XXXI Westward Trek 348
Chapter XXXII Alexander 358
Chapter XXXIII Escape 373
Chapter XXXIV Refuge 378
Index 383
 List of Illustrations
FRONTISPIECE
The Grand Duchess Anastasia (portrait)

FIRST GROUP
The Grand Duchess Anastasia
Announcement of Birth of the Grand Duchess Anastasia
The Empress Alexandra
The Grand Duchess Anastasia, the Tsesarevich Alexei and the
Emperor Nicholas II
The Tsesarevich Alexei, the Empress Alexandra and the
Emperor Nicholas II
The Russian Imperial Family on visit to the British Royal
Family
The Grand Duke Alexander and the Grand Duchess Xenia
and Their Children
Alexander Palace, Tsarskoe Selo
The New Palace, Livadia
Nicholas II
The Empress Alexandra
The Tsesarevich Alexei
Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra
The Grand Duchess Anastasia
The Grand Duchesses Marie, Tatiana, Anastasia and Olga
The Empress Alexandra with Her Daughters
Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra and Their Children
The Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana
 The Grand Duchesses Marie and Anastasia
The Grand Duchesses Anastasia, Olga, Tatiana and Marie
Nicholas II
The Grand Duchess Anastasia, the Empress Alexandra and
President Raymond Poincaré

SECOND GROUP
The Dowager Empress Marie
The Emperor Nicholas II
The Empress Alexandra
The Tsesarevich Alexei
The Grand Duke Michael
The Grand Duchess Elizabeth
The Grand Duchesses Anastasia, Marie and Tatiana
Nicholas II and His Children
The Tsesarevich Alexei and the Grand Duchesses Olga,
Anastasia and Tatiana
The Grand Duchesses Marie, Olga, Anastasia and Tatiana
Views of Tobolsk
Ipatiev House, Ekaterinburg
The Death Chamber, Ipatiev House, Ekaterinburg
The Handkerchief
The Piece of Glass
Map of Ekaterinburg and Vicinity
The Grand Duchesses Marie and Anastasia
The Grand Duchess Anastasia
Nicholas II with His Children and His Nephew, Prince Vasili
The Grand Duchess Anastasia
The Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia and Marie
 The Grand Duchess Anastasia
The Grand Duchess Anastasia and Marjorie Hanson
The Grand Duchess Anastasia

THIRD GROUP
Cameos of the Grand Duchess Anastasia Through the Years
 Author’s Preface
A after my arrival in Bukovina—after I had had time to
recover from the emotional and nervous shock and body wounds which I
had suffered at the time of the tragedy on the night of July 16-17, 1918—
I decided to write about my home life with my beloved family, about our
arrest, about our exile in Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg, about the
assassination of the family in Ekaterinburg, and about my rescue and
subsequent escape across the frontier.
I made many, many notes, totaling over three hundred pages. I spent
hours and hours in the writing, days and nights of introspective
experiences, of grief and horror. I wrote in a peasant cottage in a lonely
village dotted with thatched-roof houses. I wrote at night in the
candlelight, agonizing over my story. At times the only relief I had from
my misery was the howling or barking of a dog. I remembered my
beloved Father’s words, “Dearest children, are you awake?” Tear after
tear dropped as I labored.
I remembered also my Father’s desire that a history of Russia should be
written by a member of our family. My Father had had in mind that such
a history might be written by my two oldest sisters and, to that end, he
gave them much valuable information. As it has turned out, it is the
youngest sister, the one least prepared to do so, upon whom devolves the
task of writing such a book, if it is to be written. That is something for
the future.
In 1918, after my escape, I thought that the book I had decided to write
about my family and myself might include historical data and
interpretation which would be of interest to the world and would be of
benefit to the Russian people and to their, and my, native land. I
particularly wanted to let the world know the facts about the arrest, exile
and murder of my parents, sisters and brother, and about the nature of the
Bolshevik regime in my country. It was the notes for this book that I
produced so painfully and painstakingly.
These early notes unfortunately vanished in 1919 when I was on my way
by train from Rumania to Serbia—second homeland to us Russians—
while in the vicinity of Turnu-Severin. I had accepted from another
traveller—I thought he was an Italian—his kind offer of a slice of bread
and a piece of ham. Three or four hours later I became ill and had to
leave the compartment. When I returned some time later, the heartless
traveller, who had no pity for a young woman travelling alone, had
disappeared along with my suitcase and a blanket. The suitcase
contained not only my precious notes, so laboriously produced, but also
some personal belongings, some letters, and a list of about one hundred
names of the men who had done most of the harm to Russia, and to my
family. These names I had written down from memory, based upon
information furnished by my rescuer, Alexander. Most of these names
were already familiar to me.
In Yugoslavia, I resumed work on my book. I continued the task later in
Rumania and, once more, in Yugoslavia. I again wrote many pages of
notes, using a pencil stub and scraps of paper. Such of these notes as
remained legible were used subsequently in the preparation of the first
draft of the present book.
Later, in the early thirties, some years after my arrival in the United
States, I began to revise my materials which were in a disorganized but
generally readable condition, assisted by my good friends, the late Mrs.
Helen Kohlsaat Wells, and her sister, Miss Edith Kohlsaat. During this
phase of the undertaking I was determined to complete the book as soon
as possible and to make provision for its publication only after my own
demise.
For about twenty years, I was unable to work on the manuscript, due to
the necessity of making my own living. During this period I gave no
attention whatever to the manuscript which I had confided for
safekeeping to my lawyer, a friend who was aware of my real identity
and who wished to help me ultimately to find a publisher.
Five or six years ago I decided to resume work on the book. A complete
revision and reorganization of my materials were again required. Once
more I had the benefit of Helen Wells’ assistance and counsel.
I had also the great and valued encouragement of my good friends the
late John Adams Chapman and Mrs. Marjorie Wilder Emery.
Early in 1963 I mentioned to a friend in New York, who was unaware of
my identity, that I had in my possession a manuscript on the Russian
Revolution. He suggested I get in touch with a close friend, Dr. Jon P.
Speller of Robert Speller & Sons, Publishers, Inc. This I did. The first
member of the firm with whom I talked was Mr. Robert E. B. Speller, Jr.,
who surprised me with the depth of his knowledge of my family. I
informed him that the Grand Duchess Anastasia had left the manuscript
with me, a close friend, shortly before her death in 1919. I hoped—
naively—to achieve early publication of the manuscript while keeping
secret my true identity. Dr. Jon Speller then joined the conversation. He
asked if I would be willing to take a polygraph examination to back up
my statements. Upon my consenting to do so, they agreed to read the
manuscript.
They, and their father, Mr. Robert E. B. Speller, Sr., President of the firm,
after reading the manuscript became convinced for various reasons that
the manuscript could have been written only by a member of the
Imperial family. They questioned me at length and finally I confided to
Dr. Jon Speller and then to Mr. Robert Speller, Jr. that their suspicions
were correct, that I was Anastasia, but that, if possible, I would like to
retain my anonymity.
Therefore the polygraph examination, given by the noted polygraph
expert Mr. Cleve Backster, was begun by testing me on my statements
that I was a friend of Anastasia. Mr. Backster quickly recognized that I
was withholding pertinent information, even to the extent that I could be
Anastasia; I finally admitted my real identity to him. In a series lasting
more than thirty hours in all, Mr. Backster became convinced that I am
really Anastasia. I signed a contract with Robert Speller & Sons and
began editing my book with Mr. Earl L. Packer, senior editor of the firm,
and Mr. Robert Speller, Jr.
My reasons for bringing the book before the world at the present time
will, I hope, be readily understood. They are not complicated. First, I
wished to come to the defense of my deceased parents, against whom
many unfounded accusations and slanders were made. Second, I felt that
various distortions of history which have been given wide circulation
needed to be corrected. Third, I wished to expose the falsity of the claims
of other persons to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia. Fourth, I desired to
establish a foundation which would set up a museum, with a small
chapel therein, to honor my family who loved Russia so faithfully; and
also to assure, in so far as I might be able to do so, funds for its
maintenance, hoping proceeds from the sale of the book might in large
measure provide such funds. Fifth, I wished to establish a fund for the
provision of financial assistance to destitute former Russian soldiers and
officers; again I hoped that the proceeds of the sale of the book might
help in this undertaking. Sixth, I planned that, in the event the proceeds
of the sale of my book should provide sufficient funds to enable me to do
so, I would assist financially a very small number of charitable and
philanthropic organizations which, for the most part, I have already
definitively selected.
Sometime earlier I had come to doubt that, if publication of the book
were postponed until after my death, as I had earlier resolved, my
projects would ever materialize. Also, I thought unlikely the possibility
that anyone but myself could or would make knowledgeable and
effective defense against whatever unfavorable criticism might be made
of the book and myself upon its publication.
I have had the opportunity for a relatively quiet life in the United States,
where I have had comparative freedom from all the attentions that might
have surrounded an earlier reappearance in the world in my true identity.
But my purposes, as enumerated above, could not be accomplished by
remaining longer submerged. So I have resolved to balance the
opportunities for good against the possible personal inconveniences,
hoping still to be able, after publication of my book, to continue to live
undisturbed a simple, private life devoted in large part to further writing.
A.N.R. 1963
 PART I
The Youthful Years
I
EARLIEST MEMORIES

I June 5th, 1901, by the Russian calendar, June 18th by the new.
Suspense and excitement abounded at Peterhof. The accouchement of the
Tsarina was momentarily expected. The fourth child, surely this time it
would be a boy. Russia bowed to the little Grand Duchess Olga, then to
the baby Tatiana. But Marie, a third daughter in succession, had been
entirely too many. However, all would be righted if this fourth child were
the long-awaited Tsarevich.
At last, the guns: the baby had arrived; a three hundred gun salute would
announce an Imperial Grand Duke and heir to the Russian throne. One
hundred and one guns would announce a Grand Duchess. The guns
saluted a second time. The people paused to count—three, four, five, on
and on, came the rhythmical booms. The populace stood breathless.
Twenty-three, on and on, one hundred, one hundred and one, the guns
stopped. No, it could not be. It was not possible. Alas, yes. The fourth
child of the Tsar and Tsarina of Russia was another daughter. Caught in
an anticlimax, the man in the street went his way, but diplomatic Russia
said “Bah” and resented the Tsarina who could not fulfill her function.
The Tsar and the Tsarina accepted the inevitable and said, “It is God’s
will.”
All the while I, the unconscious cause of this frustration, had lain
peacefully in the same little crib which had cradled the three sisters
before me. It was not long however before the unwelcomed wee one won
the hearts of its parents and I was christened Anastasia, but to the world
outside I was number four, almost forgotten beyond the family circle.
As a child, my tomboy spirit predominated and I was permitted to
indulge this urge until I became something of a novelty in a court
reeking with formality. Nothing pleased me more than an audience,
especially when they nodded and whispered “cute.”
My next older sister Marie and I were inseparable. At an early age my
greatest delight was to arouse her curiosity. Often when we were at the
height of some make-believe, I would suddenly dart away. Marie was as
slow to action as I was quick, so I would slip out of sight into one of my
hiding places. Then began the hunt I revelled in. The searchers went
around, as I listened from my vantage point, purring with satisfaction
when I heard the call, “Anastasia, where are you? Be a good girl and
give us a hint.” These games began good-naturedly, but often when the
hunt dragged on, I lost patience and felt compelled to reveal my
whereabouts.
Secret hiding places became an obsession with me, especially tiny ones
so snug I had to squeeze into them. There I often stayed gloating over the
bewilderment and eventual rage of searchers. Once when I was quite
young I slipped out of the nursery onto the balcony. It was late in the
afternoon and the long shadows fascinated me, so that I must have
remained there quietly for a long time. Suddenly I heard excited voices
and I decided to keep perfectly quiet. At dusk, in the uncertain light, I
flattened myself against the shadowed wall. The sentries were spreading
over the park; the worry was growing. I was thrilled when I knew they
were searching for me, but I was a little frightened of the gathering
darkness. I ran quickly down the stairs and to the main floor. Mother was
talking to one of the officers when her eyes suddenly fell on me.
“Anastasia,” she cried, “where have you been?”
“Right on the balcony and no one could find me,” I answered with all the
glee in my voice I could muster.
Almost before I could finish, Father was beside me. He took me by the
hand. One look at his face warned me that something was very wrong.
Without a word he signaled to the distressed nurse. Her face was flushed.
She marched me to my room and I never ventured one look of triumph as
she undressed me. She did not say a word until I was in bed. Then she
said, “You were a very naughty girl to worry your Mother so. She was
very hurt.”
Mother always came to kiss me goodnight. I didn’t stir in my bed lest I
should miss her footsteps. Finally I heard her approaching with my
sisters; their voices sounded happy. She stopped at the door for only a
moment, and Marie entered the room alone. When the nurse turned out
the lights, I realized that Mother was not going to kiss me that night.
The next morning a penitent little girl asked herself: “Will Mother come
to me now?” And: “Will she be cross with me?” I was full of contrition,
but how could I express it if Mother were not in a receptive mood? My
eyes fastened on the door, hoping to see Mother’s face. Suddenly she
appeared. I ran to her and wrapped myself around her neck. I promised
never to worry her again.
Mother’s daily round took her to the nursery the first thing every
morning before breakfast to say a prayer with us children and to read one
chapter to us from the Bible. She was usually attired in a beautiful
dressing gown of white—occasionally in other soft colors—her hair
braided and tied with silk ribbon to match the trimming of her gown, a
habit acquired from her grandmother, Queen Victoria of England. These
were precious moments to us children. She was a fairytale empress—
stately and beautiful.
On July 30th, 1904, Russian calendar, August 12th by the new, my little
brother was born on a Friday noon. Three hundred guns announced the
birth of the heir from the Fortress of Sts. Peter and Paul, in St.
Petersburg.
On the same day, it was learned that the Russian fleet at Port Arthur had
been sunk on August 10th by the Japanese navy. My Mother often said it
was a day of sunshine and a day of darkness at the same time. It would
have been customary to hold a large banquet to celebrate the birth of an
heir to the throne but my Father would not hear of it. Instead, prayers
were offered in the churches for the lost ones at sea and for the baby
Tsarevich. All day long the bells rang out from all the churches of
Russia. Thirteen years later Mother spoke of this day as being as gloomy
as the day we arrived in Ekaterinburg. It was on Alexei’s thirteenth
birthday, and about the same hour in 1917, that the family was informed
they must leave their beloved home in Tsarskoe Selo.
I do not remember Alexei’s christening since I was so small, but I have
been told about it and have often seen his christening mantle and the
cross which he wore on a chain around his neck. These were displayed in
a glass case along with the christening dresses of us sisters. Olga’s was
an exact copy of that of Marie Antoinette’s older daughter. It had been
made in Lyons. Olga and Tatiana held a corner of the long mantle which
was attached to the cushion because of its weight. Alexei’s godmothers
were his grandmother, the Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna; his
sister, Olga Nicholaevna; his aunts, Mother’s sisters, the Princesses Irene
of Prussia and Victoria of Battenberg (subsequently Marchioness of
Milford Haven). The godfathers were his grand uncles, the Grand Duke
Alexei Alexandrovich and King Edward VII of Great Britain; his cousin,
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany; his great-grandfather, King Christian IX
of Denmark; his uncle, the Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, the
Empress’ only brother; and his Aunt Irene’s husband, Prince Henry of
Prussia. To commemorate his birth the cornerstone for the Feodorovsky
Sobor (Church) was laid in Tsarskoe Selo.
Now that this handsome brother had arrived, the handicap of my life, that
of being a girl, seemed somewhat lifted. Alexei was a beautiful little boy
with a very light complexion and curly auburn hair which my Mother
brushed lovingly into a curl in the middle, big blue eyes, long eyelashes
and a most alluring smile. He was the most fascinating thing in my
existence, so whenever an opportunity presented itself, I ran into his
nursery bringing various toys to him. Mother had many pet names for
him, among them: “My precious Agoo” and “Kroshka” which means
crumb. Olga and Tatiana were permitted to hold the baby; Marie and I
could only hold his feet.
One of my most vivid childhood experiences, when I was nearly four
years old, happened on a Sunday when we sisters as usual were dressed
in white, ready to go to church. We heard excited voices and saw Mother
running upstairs. This frightened us and we all ran after her to the
nursery. There I saw a spot of blood on little Alexei’s shirt. While nurse
was bathing him he sneezed, thereby causing a discharge of blood from
his navel. Though I was very young, I could easily tell from the faces
about me that something was wrong. At the time just what it was I could
not understand. A few years later, when I was about seven, we three
younger children were playing in the garden when our brother fell over
his cart. Soon a large blue swelling developed around his ankle. When
Mother came she fainted at the sight, knowing it was the dreaded
haemophilia that might kill her son. As a result, the lives of Father and
Mother were noticeably saddened. Father searched in every country for a
specialist, but without success.
We were continually reminded that we must be careful of Alexei. He was
so easily hurt. The toys I was in the habit of bringing to him were
removed before they reached his hands. Once he fell on his head and his
face swelled so terribly that his eyes were almost closed and his whole
face became a purplish yellow, a dreadful sight. At one moment he
would be perfectly well; an hour later, he would lie in bed seriously ill.
We were instructed not to speak to anybody about it, but we innocently
gave away the secret of his illness to some members of our staff who had
led us into believing that they already knew all about it.
Mother was constantly at his side, never trusting any one else to care for
him. Each time, when he recovered, Mother was entirely exhausted, so
much so that she was unable to leave her room for days at a time.
When Alexei was well and his normal chubby self, it was hard to
remember that we had to be careful when we played with him. I often
felt belligerent when he teased me saying, “Go away, you’re playing just
like a little girl; you don’t know this game.” I maintained my composure
pretty well and occasionally retaliated by refusing to play with him, but
he bitterly complained of such treatment. Suddenly he would be well
again at which time it was difficult to restrain him from getting too bold
or playing games that might end in disaster.
Alexei had several guards, Cossacks who were trustworthy and on duty
day and night. Every morning they searched the palace grounds before
any member of the family could walk about in them. Alexei also had two
special attendants. One was Derevenko, nicknamed Dina, a huge strong
sailor, a member of the crew of Father’s yacht, the “Standard.” He was
no relation of Dr. Derevenko, Alexei’s physician. Dina applied hot
compresses and light massages to Alexei, when they were needed. Dina
also gave foam treatments, and always carried him around when he was
not able to walk. Unfortunately Dina turned against his master during the
revolution and was later arrested by the Soviets when they found some of
Alexei’s belongings in his luggage.
The other attendant was Nagorny. He was the last to give Alexei his
usual care. Nagorny took charge of him during the revolution, and was
killed in Ekaterinburg because he defended the little boy’s property.
These two, Dina and Nagorny, were constantly at Alexei’s side to see
that he did not harm himself. They helped my brother to grow to normal
boyhood by using the exercises prescribed by Dr. Derevenko and the
suggestions of M. Pierre Gilliard, our French tutor. They helped to carry
on in such a way that the little fellow never suspected that he was being
shielded. For he was not told of the serious nature of his illness but was
to realize it for himself when he grew older.
At his birth Alexei received many titles: “Hetman of all the Cossacks,”
“Knight of St. Andrew,” “Knight of the Seraphim of Sweden,” “Head of
the Battalion of the Horse Infantry,” “Head of the Siberian Infantry,”
“Head of the Cadet Corps” and others. Alexei loved everything military.
I think he had a uniform for almost every military order in Russia. He
was so proud to wear each one, and carried himself with true military
bearing. From childhood he had worn a white sailor suit with ribbons
around his collar. When we cruised in the Baltic, he wore a white sailor
cap with the name “Standard” in white on a blue band. When cruising on
the Black Sea he had a black band with yellow lettering.
One day in a snow storm I pulled Alexei on his sled. Then he insisted
that it was his turn to pull me. Soon his hands became swollen but
fortunately this did not result in one of his serious attacks. He was not
permitted to take part freely in sports, though he was allowed to ride a
tricycle and later a bicycle, when he was carefully followed by Dina.
Finally he was allowed to drive a small motor car with his cousins or a
friend.
Alexei had playmates other than myself. I remember a youngster who
was driven up the driveway accompanied by a guard and well supplied
with many toys. He had among other things a box of powdered chalk.
Considering the boy an intruder and unable to hide my jealousy, while he
was escorted by the runner, I snatched the box from his hand and
scattered the contents all over the floor. It all happened so quickly that no
one was able to stop me. Soon I was escorted to Mother. By the time I
reached her I was all smiles—a bit strained to be sure. She sat silently
and held my little hands, studying them and wondering how they could
do such a thing. I peeked at her face, putting on my most winsome smile.
Mother assured me that “Smiles will not help.” Just then Father came in
and sent me to my room for the rest of the day. Later he came to see me
and said, “You must not fight with your younger friends. Always be a
little lady.” “I don’t want to be a lady,” I said defiantly. Father answered,
“Then you cannot live in this place.” “Where will I live then?” “In one of
the guard houses,” said Father. My dear Father often apologized for
Alexei and myself.
Gentle as Father was, I took those remarks seriously, because I knew he
always meant what he said. So I applied myself to the idea of “being a
lady.” It soon paid off. Some time later when I was roaming through the
park I chanced upon two workmen who were fighting in the ravine. It
looked serious and desperate. With all the ladyship I could muster I
ordered them to stop. To my astonishment they did. The contrast
between little me and those two, so huge and menacing, convinced me
that there must be something in this ladylike business after all.