Professional Documents
Culture Documents
كيف تدير نقاشاً واجتماعاً ناجحاً
كيف تدير نقاشاً واجتماعاً ناجحاً
"#
א
א! א
אرا א
–א
١
!"# ()
3
אرا א
א א
٢٠٠٧
אرا א
٠٠٩٦٢٧٩٥٣٨١١٢٨ !
e-mail: mohumed٨١@yahoo.com
) אJ
٢
!"# ()
" !#$% #$& ' ()*א+, - %./'א
E8 %<אא7:F،- %.1 2 #345א#$6א17 א8 9:
D6@AB+EF6א،' (Gא،?5@א6אAB+CD،E'34>:F
#34H$34?א5אIאJ. H#$& :@ "6K6LM
N FHOD87G.PH "HEF6" אH' (GאQR@SN6D
V5 ،#$& Wא7 "%T U*GM@G.$34HN6D
] G3א !אXC(TY #!2QGZ[\א2 65אE%Gא
#$% N(H^" D,_U -D`-abc
N%+d"eJ : "3GZf 62)אgG#! Uhi27H
N FGאQB ،d B" א)( 'אDאJ.C(j/אCD
1 2k 6אLD_D אXO4F'73':, - %./ א6lT
*
n pGo pאoqnGob rsoti6u v7otv@"w oti6nn-rGאtCxDyNtvTt! tn%o}W- %.
אtz|{o{vD<
o אdnv@w+v!{ t tv@w"ovn4v}tv.אtv@w"v6twv ooQnv7tTvCnDpא7~lo4o
١٥٩'א1{tOnG t7twp*~אnwt-rG{'אn-rGאgoGtv_ t7totivDtYt
٣
!"# ()
٤
)( !"#
א_U4א< 1
Cא 6
٥
!"# ()
6אC
،_9א7 א9CDND DN}9،NS אI>3'א76CDC 6א
d7 אK+ 6DC DK"6 D،N 5 @אG *א.:C D87G .:،@+ 4א
X U4} אG%א-G.א،#7אG%_אW .CDNG.،N &א
jC +$bLD "G 4 "G9א7X87א-]،@" 69
%<אAא،@"GX "6D H7G.:'7H5'א345 א-Fא،@"H
. אNGl4א$א,k 6א#7X '7GU5_א.א
6אI7"4D
WNGS 5 ]אGFU5 H-2> 6א
XE4] GFUD " 6| " D N }G *א, 6!אz
gG ': !:אz،!א7 אGFUDLD " D "+ 4DCD*
Q G@+ 4D g G^7 27 *אGFQ z'| !א7 אא6אI7 "4D
> א6+'<،# 65א،1[אd+-HN SN2> ]אGFU5א
- # 65 אJ1[אFNS>& ]אGFU5אAB+OHN א7(DXא$%
. E!א7א
K 6'א !:
: +،' . .: ' 6 !!א7G
. C! DO7 J١
. "PH!א7אNl27 J٢
٦
!"# ()
d % 6DX#! א! אא7 אX C D^ _ C3 d 3
'|،$34אFא<אאXNGN}9,1797א-> CDE
: + H: B،¡ אCDNG*GFQz
KN34אNא7 J١
>،' F" אH@rG(N F6DN, d"6':!א7G !:אz J٢
N &א- E R אN 34 אN אN T "6D_ Q GZ': H
34א8 +!) אN6+i R 2'א7 3¢ £،NG ( 5א-U JH
-H j 5،¤^אFאNUJ I D: ( H-DBאd(46א
K¤^אF" א3GZאN GF5אNsאCD-2 :X
!א7אNGX_C5H:KW 6 Hf 62>d(46א א.א J٣
-G ¦"!א7" א1cאKW 6_א% D אא-(4':
@ 1,!א7*אG "G% IKW 6<'!§ א، "Hf 62>
N[אא]אY5 @אND>3¨ א !א]אN3T 5 א7.-6Dא
.- b-+ §2 6 D,!א7 H7אN 5א
CD_ gGJ':¡אאB+ª :N %(D#34*UאI J٤
s N"7 *U אC ،OD f7a7D 17T #! H O ! 5 אOFא
Q( <' א، "4 h : "l § #34H Q( אC N %(D
1 ! א3< א1 % X !א7 אN"6D LD C % N H ( אs6 אN"7H
K( ¤אF:אf «] TFא
C3GI אא.אCOFאCD'>)אdl !א7 אN%'
N":،N H .sN"i :א7.، +!7"6 "HB<אN א
٧
!"# ()
I7"45אאB+gG@3 א 'א:2 ،A! jBאE¤אF^Fאs
gG9/א17.!- D6:%5א אB"HB<א, !:،NaאNTאUH
goGtov@u {v:o {tFFW@ -! ¬XO G17 'PH@G.-G/א
#34*UאC HאN bאB+XE٢٤WP%.)) (O
n%~D1 oGtagnv:o w+
.]!9C:CDi C:N אC¢%אXN%bא1 ،N H .
6א#!" !א]אD
:] 62,7 ®s6" ]אX] >אCDא$& ':C: ª
N ,7 KN ()§א @א%NU2 : N ¯ @+ 4D
@ N %(D D 3T:2א75א° J < !א3< אdFBאdF6א$34א
.NUJ אN±אNs6אiHא7&אCDk .:gG
fאUאIא²Tא
':#&D$b] א9,@"HcאEאY5אא7%6gTk 6'א
D]א !אCDא7%(3': @"HC¤@א3' z)אf7lאא7%6
CBC¤אLD# 6H' N2> 6HCD&5א!א7אCD @"63Z
K +7 FNGU5אI7"4D
W ,<א#34א
،34 '] "7אCD :BP
WN & א#34א
E R g( 6 6 4Ll ³ D % bfאU א >^א2א7DX
. 6GUD
٨
!"# ()
i%& ':1 ´، sN"7H- 62FאgH1 ´¤אLD!
fאUא27DXdsGאU6'א:A 4Df _DPHQ(ETgG 6:
.QB L2א7@אW אא6 א6Cl.
! DXf727*א6 E $7+' א7´-'¨ 4'א
.' ":f7lX:NDא+
WC¤ H@3אfאUא
6|-:gG^>א:fאUא27DX¤^אFא-א7 6 אz
א'אG%אXK- 62:NG35_אT,- l-Z" g(
#אY5אfאUא2א7DX_אgG#! 2NUUJD ] (.cD "
6אGHX "G אYBאFFdW l א[" אªD< א[" א6&. H
] א9fא²אµ _H] אU אKP,c EEI7H D7
.N a#
%6D_3NH! l5 !א3< ¶א ]אU5אOHE7' ¬ ]א
>W + Yh4^>א2א7،#3%5א17GאN%5 !א3· . .:
. UאA Mאi"7Ns'73': "W 4C3Z N2 FאCD
א<אOHN G5אN%U אl Gf א[ א6' אWN &א#34א
KN &א9א:d אCD< א6%H _4 AT7+] [א
CDQz*6_Hk 6אOH 8אאא1 3 PH %6D^>
# א> ]א17T!א7 א6*א6M'KfאU_אTX@"H7G.:
EG}D 77´EF65אN2א7אC$34א87G.:17RX*%(#$}Uא
٩
!"# ()
N7a75אLW 27אCD!אaאF :'732אI +<א ]אCD
.¤" אGjא2א75 !א3<א
WN א8 %.· C¤אgG#F(אk 6א1 j
K @" UDE R' J١
EG N9 ،C¹dUJ אd אGאCD'74G¸ J٢
.ND אN%U אl אC$% H
] T _&º CD H -7G&Z B אL275' א! א7U J٣
.^ ¶ _ א<אUD
.NG35 א2א75_ אT X Y+ [ אdF6 א$34 א7[ '7l¸ J٤
.N2>#* .:fאHgG'! '7 j
.N. (T 4a@" UJ *א7 :ODPN '7( J٥
A!B X E ' dF. _3H -GT : fאU אM '7 j J٦
. - T
663،C¤ אX : 6 #77D "G :8 %.< אAB+ §H'732
. 6(4:Cf 6 א
@ ؟+ 4_ א9א7 א6H@
' אz| ،§% א-אz£ +'73 Dא$& ! UאN ! 5'א
]" !א5אQGº':QGC¤אLD(5@א 'א+ 4אQ+
@+ 4אא7 H _א[א9א7אND 2CDQ63ºא !א]א
f %F'א73 D6K¤^אFאgG#7 א74 " !אI&5א
d 27D,17BאEG א1>CDN2> אN%! ¯.1<א
١٠
!"# ()
אHL6U:א7D D7+5א%U :]73(!אBא¤אIYG
.#WאYאN &א
gG QS¬ L QGUD ': i6 אz : ,< א#34א
i: ½dgGC KdF6 א$34 אF: *6M&5א 'א
X Q4a ¡ "H L א אY5 אQ(46 T K G א, -H
. C¤אLDQ 2>
"s QG ^ N9 ¤ א: Yא7 א1 : W N & א#34א
KC¤א, "H8 אNG¯.<אXPN6FUD#!79
@ @+ 4 א7. *6M [_ א9א7G N94 אNT 6+ (
-7N 3D $7 6אf7a7DX@3 H( ½# %D] D7GD
.#! h¡ ,¢א
': 'H # %5 אNG¯.< אgG NH ) א¤ א: i: § ': ¯F
._9א7אXN% Qz_3
W # 6%אNH .א
!א.@ א+ 4 ¡ אCD YD , 1797G C! 5 אL אd+
6א:¹d א! א7אC% H NH .אAB+E K Gא
, N N FH #! ) אCD kPH ،-S¬ µj ' N7"(H C3Z Bא
] UCN 6 אN%G( !אS¤א,C¤אsi4 6Y D§H
gTA ¤א אYD§H,#! )!אM 6+KN אY4.א:N :
>9א7E jNH ) א5אC$%<'אK- ½8 )" !א
١١
!"# ()
.>D 3D
: ] !א%אAB+_&½C¤ !א%6i27 'אT
. GאאB$lאX7"! Q:!.dאC5 - -
d7i%Q< ' 6D H :d- -
.!9N.±+!2:d- -
"D2א#W 4 H # )אª(- -
U2'HQ]P.::]PF:'!Bא -
،C¤אLD_9א7 א6S:N אNH ) א5אq27N F אAB"H
:_&D] !א%C%א: _ !אH 5אX
N 3 א#! א#¾אQF' -
אC3Z! 3<אAB+ 7(D,d @"4Q -
QG
¨}DYDi:J.- QTא²2א -
.#!}D N%b#:D" א -
6: :C¤'אN >אDא א7+_9א7_א D¾ :'
+_ K_% (5 ^א4.אK 67TCD! D_ @"4@G<!א2<א
X^> א: F<א:eW 6§אH,aא7א-%6 אd(6
!aN s4אC%א¨א²א ¿אµ T אs6" ]א
^F אf7a75אCµא:G( אN %b!NWאא27 (
: _&D] !א%IאJ.אCDkPH،¤א
#¬NF X D ºQDG::אQ א:ª -
١٢
!"# ()
-T !: Da7 À-:% -
d"]P.: ½! -
d3 a7X 3אi27אªFÀQG -
NGD אI 3T<אC%*א7Uא:dFJאX@אI_l4
H@אW_א3HN6א7.QאB%! 3<א° J ·N א
AB"H 6< NT! [ אN 7G( א] א.) א: %5 אdUJ א אC
N+< אCD -G K¨D $b 7´ gG -F%´ ¤( א³ N Fא
d}%6 DC¤@אG q7אd274א¢אC%אgG Pא
N2אU5 א-%T 9 4 $46 S: CD 87G.< אQB 5 -" @"G
.N9 :#4Di 7gTA! 3:,d(
W[_א9א7&א5@א+ 4א.:
KKKKK @
KKKK @
KKKK (4
KKKKK #Y+ W UI
KKKKKKK Q(4C^
KKKKKKK fאUאXQ3 ^א
KKKKK _9א7¾!א] אD¹I2
KKKKKL(5" א:>V5" א:
KN7 & אN+7[_אW (5אOHYD
KKKKKK QS¬_2
١٣
!"# ()
K-6L(5א,VR
KKKKKK A % אi27אV5א:
KKKKKKK אU אi"_+E RQ h DQ TC¾
K1 4} א9)א
k 6 אOH _9א7 , 1797G N(W א# א<אd+ f . אgG #! ' א
CD4JאX a*!א אGd+،fאUא>^א2א7DXN9
CD 6j1 4} א9)'אK1 4א7 ]אsXN אא175א
@G 6GQzE ،ND7 א6 4א:N %(5 ! א3: .:f727א
: ]" !אD¢GS
6 G Qz X OG(D 6S¬ - 2 D !א3 7+ W eJG אJ١
: _&D] !א%H:%1 4} א9 א4D 7+N9 א
.......Q:@"17
......Q: Q|אQ": i6 אz
.אQ"_+dG2
K-"QG_"(QS¬17 DgGQ+ %אY N FאAB"H
NUHN(H¤אf 62N ¬#! 65 א،!א7אXNW אF<אCD
KN9 ! א3: 6(4: gG 6+ % אY 6G אB+ s N"
@" ¡ א6 א, V5 אA % א-7 X $% ! - eJGא
.OFא
אCD ! אL6Z ! 3< ¡ א6 אeJG Y ² אA %' א
. 6G-GE45אf7a75אgGY -G
١٤
!"# ()
g6½([אN}gGY ²אU%_א9א7'אW 5 א3 J٢
-dT7' D<אN &א¤אdF ( 6: ] TgGY ²א
D1 UX-!2L!gG$% _3H (-TF ½ 6D + H
.!א7אXNW אאI7"4D %}Ds6" ]א8 ! 3<אCD
אND ¡א6 א17T¢אf7a7D# 2X4VאÀ _&º'
CD '73 ° א-5 CD '7%2 6PH 6Sx¬ j D6 "H *b
.!א7אKW ] ÂXdH )א$SPאSP א6G_".<א
^U N%5 א# 5 ] אH ) א¢ אN ' W ¢ א-7 J٣
_אCDH 6+،i27אLlAY iA % אC¤א
ND "4. אNG¯.< אeJG א#! "D IאJ. H Y ² א#
.dG9< אNS אf7a7D,#7*אG
WVאL
، 6א1 ÂX#45אC¤¾א] א: 6¾אCI>3 H% H'73
&TQSj':gG L 6UJ Xd ()אd4J5Y[אאH|H
!א7 ¡ אRQzX (،N"H 5א-¾אC9:E:
CD!aNG¯.<א-7'K- 7אND7אC%אN27a7H
. !א7אXNaDKW 7´$(_ א:
K1 4אf .א] א:
: ]" !אD*GFWeJG אJ١
K A % א
K@"4 א
١٥
!"# ()
Kf7a75אgGY ² א
:1>CDVx אLDI±>" !א]אD*GFW_& אJ٢
KN([אNa7 H@3 א
K¢אf #72
KVאµאYD LD*. 6 א
: ClW¢א-7 J٣
K¢& א%D 7¬*
KI>3אgGV5אL
KNG¯.<א-7
N67א^ א+< אE R , 1797G NG. 6א! א7' א א
,c.# א]" א> ]א7 א4`s6 *" ]א
N%G. 6%6 i27 א4 X. N2א7 אNG* א} ] א9: E R
N. .:@+ 4D N(W!! 3:#!7GHX1 _3H@+ (] אUא
._l<&_ אD<א7´87GF5א$}" א6DEGF6 "G
EfאU אIא²TאF 8 gG . .: #5 אN. א!אAB+ g % N "6 אX
K8א7U אPF א: ^B א: N aà _H 2 :! s N" K' D + ،]7}
: d א1אc( HwA:H:$<אd &אY[א אB+
@؟3} אlא2א7DN"א7DC3Z
X 4^אU7+EdאB א7אF^IYG1אc(אאB+gGNH Ã
_3H-27 T- %b!-42א7DA DC¾¢£C¤אLD] 2>א
.C¤ אD : 7 £ _¸ ': ' ،I T %D 9
١٦
!"# ()
627 T א7%U} ': C¹ ( D6 @G(( Ll³ 6: L2א7 אX
ÄG(א @אCD 6 G2172 NH7UH !7 7+QzXk .<אT
DUaאI T 172]אB א7gG (KC¤_א%2CD 6
: §Gd TUh¾gG¬_3H-G D
.8 א
W-%6MN4 !א7 א6S:*l}א8 %.:
$%G h@ א²5]א7%35*אl} אD6-:ND !lאCD
KA!7"sH«Bא275אN%F@W>D$b !א4* אGb<אgG_3
، À אW#! %_(*a } _D אElNG35@א2 4
d}U T: dWאB d>}. '7. L[ א،TPH N & אI7 אC3Z
*l}H -4א7 -(4 LD (6D ' ()' א73 D6 C3 Kd
KC¤אÀ אA MN%*אl} H :WN א#! %אIJ(d%
8 %א² _9א7 אHX@+ (.Bא7+O! %אOH$%3א4א
. 6אCDY5_א:CD T74D
6G NH D C 6G2 ¢£ U *l} א6 @ א² ': _%2
ª QGl CD W N !א] א% אIאJ.@ אG 4 !א7T
':d«אª Q: א$& ª l،-72: Dd":. ª
،H d&T _ : À ª: "G¬ X QsT>D ،-72 !: D d":
.s N"d":gT! sאQ6D7!:ª3d3 lQ6D_
١٧
!"# ()
7 אC ] אs X i27§ א% 27 א45 אCD ' ½!
_ CD "6CGDN%bHNTא².אH#7אNÅCDi2c5א8 (א
. !א7אX!א. אX^א<א
W!א¤ H] אCNa .א
N7a7DNGD N T ":gGC¤ ]אBP: 6+7U 5א
+¾ D6 6<، 6 TX: aN 2I 3T: ":gG: 6GE%F6
$SP H@(d}%6 ¾ : N2k 6 ]אdFQB
] 27 % 6 T -7 ^7. 6|N6אX 6 T ÂX#H
،N9 א62 6 T 7a X ""7 CD H ،@" %GFD C¤א
2 s ] " !אC¤ אCD N"75 ! א ] א% H '73 _א
] !א% IאJ. א6 C3Z "4 ` : "6D lH : N אQGº
X QD E4: W 6 ] '¤ א-TF D A M dH $SP
، "%א7N CDNP(5א,s6À ½! 4 h :!d'،dGQ3T
. QT CGh_3Hd(4 !:dL2א7אX
NH ) א5אC$%א:C¹3א-7IªאB+C3
. %NGD Æא17%2
NTאUH] D "אN"א7½ÄG._3H 6-75 א6אLD_D אC3Z
CD T:HK l: "T N!l ]אD7G5אC! (4.א# %D
8א7UאQG® 6:: OD7UD:OGD N אX 6( 6PH^א²א
6 א%. אCD H a¯ אF 6H 3! H 6D 1 T X ،-6H
.N אאH7א487G.:$L2א7אXאB+ 6(4<
١٨
!"# ()
W ' א אT,_Ud ! ´:¨ 4
4א,1797א,^"!א7אXY87G.: ":gGNa 45^ א
D "6D²D7+ D "6D ¶אU5§א%H' - %27DX
gG! Uא,^"BאאאI7"45 ^>אB+K¨! D7+
. N34אN &א!א]א7אgGE%F6Na 45אgGE%F6 DK@Uא
,_97# "| _3Hi% אDאzא72¨ 6+45אCD
. N ²5אWא74אE R&5א 'א
K ! 3<א:]>35אOH° J <אOHY אJ١
K 2א75אgGN(W !א3< ¶ אU5אgGI +אY J٢
f727אCD 6jאB+] H ) אÇ U':_%2NG¯.<אNb UHI אJ٣
,-D_97א:¤"@ אCD 66º2אN %(5 ! א3: X
.N ²D#3:^+:NGUD
١٩
!"# ()
K 6א אz 5 J١
K _4':C3Zאz D J٢
K 66. ]א7a75 *אJ٣
K!א7 ¨א4GI >אi27אR J٤
KN %.< אNGl<' א73N(W!^א:R J٥
¡ 6א!(_א7א#!א,7N(GGH a:E(6DR J٦
K N(Wא
.] 9> ]אT² 5 !א3<(_אq4T J٧
.N H ( ] א9>_אGR J٨
אz 5 6D +א8 %.:R!א7T:Na 4D_ _%2 B H
!K-1797אd}%Bא^א:#W 4אd+ D¨ 4א!א7א
CD 1< אY[ אX + z א א7 א, #7 א#!lH 6+ $ Bא
CD K!א7T : Na 4D _ X "G+ M : " ( U ¢T N.א!א
WQz
W2א75א#75אWא74אgG I +אY
N ²D #W 4' א73 ¢£ NUJ א6א+: C 7a7H ¢ אJ
CD #75 אC¤ ¶ אUD ^א+: , 1 _3H A %" אG E4D
!א7א
.N ! 5_א<א^א3N H (א¾א]אCD# 4. אJ
H gG . .:#5 אJ#Y75אN.א!אAB+I ':7!: D
!א7( ]אG[¾ :#W E RX@+ ( (#W JfאUאIא²Tא
٢٠
!"# ()
E RgTW U6@אs6§אH,N £ '73 D# א6א
.NH7GF5אN+<אN א
א ؟؟
CMi6 אz אD@G6-G¯.<§אHF 6KK\2 65אYY
KKKKI א6א
^Q63QDE ]א'אQ2 6DXiDY"אE%._+
>>؟sN"_97
]!7 F ½!ND TNאN D,אQ2 6Di7RE%._+ א
>>؟4< HN D,א
-< D 9µQD 6אX<^אF א'אD7] _+
>>؟QD>3HL6 D-<i3('א
M\2 6Di(Q@אG E%. ¦ Q_UTE%.אz
- L [אA k ( T!אC 6<'אKKN 2 65א17 9 §אH
sN"a77 6PH אzאא-6D&3'*אzאN9 179א
' ( אN S YN אAB +X 6<'א،4Df7 a7D17 TND +
-7T 6"@ ]א'אD$bא- f7a7D17T' אz אDא->א
@ אF@G.-G/אgG917.א17 - ,< אlC
E ¬' 7א5אC5N6[! ¨אXiH
X721 \2 6D'73'אgG/'אz|H (.¡ 6אAB+
-*%(''אsN"7H<^אFאf 62אLF(¢£i27א4
K אT אאT
..N2 65 אX:%':_%2
٢١
!"# ()
,אQ 7':- :- G_ 7E@T אCÊ א/ H{@ .F J١
N¯.N76>NG(אN6א7:، _ YאPFאQ%6KK$א
D:،_4 H Wא7%N¯.N:':ND # אX# 2 6" 6G
K6אd+ WאNUאNG(אN6א
..א!א3א!אD +:2: "%7( ÀאzN2 65_א%2אNl א:2: J٢
"6@GNl2 X_> " Q:!%':LF(gT
אz| Nl אC H@ GאB 3+i P#B %:C 6:I> 2:k±! 7 .
D:،Q (J\2 6'::':LF(ÀNl אC %Hi27
CN9N(G.N FH 6 H ( 6אf7a7DNl "@א
K Q"4HN 62
SPgT f7a7GO2 65!א: ':_%2Q:!*3':1 T J٣
SP :!i7 2'73':* 6אf7a75Qא2%،@"W!אPH
C¤!אאQא26،QG Q 62]אzC H C3T::H
N YYN aC 3،!g GQ 6I D:- %&Q :!Q H _ %2
K@G.$b:E2$bQ:!'PHC¤א:HASPQ:!
CD& :#34 א#34אXµ!(_אG(א1 T J٤
N}D: X Q3 Q:! i%& #34 אX µ!(_ אG( ' א، #D
_¬ f7a75 אl א!אD #34 א# D: ، 72 6D ! ¬
#34 *א.<אF'77 C3> "Q3Q:H 6א
K E#Tא
٢٢
!"# ()
CN! !א7D<אTPHSPDQ:!'73'PHf F(5 !אH 1 T J٥
:'7: J-a-H N : J* 3אNUJ )f7a75א
Sc- H TX* 3אNUJHQH '73 ،EQz$b :
ÀאB+ 6אf7a7DX* 3אאB+' 'gT 6אf7a7DX %G.
C3-6f א,L-HQH C3،-H*Di:B א7(5 H
KE <!א7D<אQB ،N7G}D#3CLא
Q6¬ dH: 87G.PH - 6D Q G _ '73 ': #!l H J٦
2 §% א6+FK אG -D7"4D Q G '73 ': @"5 אCD C3..
-:CD@bאgGi27א4XA72N.>(HE א-TA! 3:QGU
f7a7DX %FאL( HI +) ،E N2 65אXND א-IJ.:
g(6، " %FאL(א,'7"%6f7a75אCk 6אd"G 6א
K-Q:! 6אf7a7D
N6. CD : N3 א/ ] אËH Q2 6D 1> "( ': LW !אJ٧
!U5אN9CD P':"@אDFFI>(א#>U_אl:-Gg4FU5א
@l B א8 3@ א. אא א: #!7( אN<@ א2! *3 7 אB%T KK
N2אUD dF ES7 8! M : eU H # אL2 אCD : EE ¢א
K& :N S 6¬_אf7a7G& :
] G3HQ:!eGJ( ': " "XQ6D*GF] 2 65§אH J٨
_':i27א4XY7':1 ، sN"C "¾NGG2
KNG.NG(G.Nj9Na ]אG3H
٢٣
!"# ()
٢٤
!"# ()
gG 7RQ XU6'אf אאU_א465אI>3 HLF(
sN"7H^אFאf 62אLF(CQ63Ca ( 'א.א
KQ:H_CאHאL6 D$b-63 D 9µJ.N FאAB"H
sN"gG_! l.אא!]אz אW^1>CDVR J١٣
^F<'א،Cא° J א:! z1 TC3° אQ:! B>
Q:!C-G ' 7QD> N2אUDXQ3.E l.א
§H 8! M א!א- ] z 7 3 אgG NUJ אQH! M
N ]<" אW UT*א3אX! D§HK@+$bC!7"5א° J א
K$&3H 72א
CB אC+ 5 א° J ' אW N" D gG 4 H - « אJ١٤
¤^ אF' א7G '7 CB@ א+ 6 אN%+7D @"
4F h-'7 ²،N +)אאµ H'@'א+sN"7H
- s N"7H Q ¤^ אF^ א² 'א א!] אz א، -427D CD
N"E%FI>&D %%.-F'P -427DCD->CD8" Â
Nc(5 א-G dD *%. " אאH ^ C3 À # ND7GD אAs
:7F9d. .אA:%D'PH-Qa7LDAsN"N9I
As N" *%(H E -a B אF *%(א אB C3 E -6D Y
NJ(אאAsN"gGI אI7 אD אKN%. 6D $b "| J "(4
- f . ' אQD> §! & " אH Q(G א!א-( "6D
A! " אD7+a^7-P "s.N אAB+X- 6'<
Bאd7a75 א6א7+dUאdH ) א6 אzKDאG "D
٢٥
!"# ()
l: ] % א، i27א] אz X ] %G( ] א6( א
] G3 אa אE 9 7+ ، "G *G} ] א3D
$%אN9OF>א3gFB ¦א35 א6א7+ "7D
OH:אX^>אNT^¤א:אI²jd אfאH)א
K-G% ^>א8א%א
gT:8ÂL2אCD17GT:KK17GT *GFNl אi ' J١٥
iT : iF: G3 ، " R C35 אCD Q CD i 7
#72 C! אCa ' א7+z X i%& L2א7!¨ א: gG N63 17GT
K 6!א7¬Ql2XQ Z#72QT
OH Q6H Iא²T) אI אא8< אM C % _ א% אJ١٦
I אא8< אC ،8 %.< א: ^s אi "D C! 5א
אB+ , PG !א7 א6 אX -4a gG 1 אB" - X Iא²Tא
"G22] G gGI6d3Q$iU FKeא87G.<א
KE*lbNsX
:Y4(':1 j sN" `sN"-CD]אz J١٧
¡ i6 7gTF¿ +87G.PH-"4':1 T ..QD_ 5א$&
KK!א7GiTNl2ÂAB+N DNT .X 6( 6: E sb
_3g %<א: H^א<אT:f 62|H!א7אd"6'PH!l אCD
L27D X -6% 'PH U Q: ، "H CDc א-W!א: - 62 ' (:
DE % bFKQ +HQ:!N9i%&':1 RQ_H. א:¦FJ5א
-%א' א-P KKאU6D "6DµאN2 65אXT^א+'73
٢٦
!"# ()
iP dD C3 À ' אF H Q( א א3(D KK N! U5 אN%GT gG
KKf 62אאf 62אd+ 6אא72@+: . 6DEa
؛Q:!'7a! O2 65* אGb: Q<Q(4!2CDe 6 J١٨
X AT אN % א7( k 6 E-!: B אF:א אB"H 6 D i6 '|
UJ *BאD - &א"@א45 %QzX'74G¸$34א
N4Gh! 3:k 6: "k 6א# אאB3"، ¤*א2KKK D
KN N &H\2 Q:HE&L[אQ א7':#!l HG
אא: 7':@"5אCE _¬FNl2Xi2 אz J١٩
QT 1> "S: 2 NF gG @+T: * ½G KH *3.
2 : ، " Q:! ] %S , _U N2 65 א<!א אOH _ 4_ אU
K42 "(2i6 NF 6H B
-G 4 ': ]!: אz Q _2 2 KK ! Q%G2 אJ٢٠
-H X , / א1 2 4F A D !א7 אX אC ..: -%G2
EEQ7T CD א7l4 *G אqGb Îs i6 7 FF @3א
... z: %G2> 4 l}%א
..$" א8 %(@ אW ] אG3 KK NHB"5 א-}G אIאJ. אJ٢١
!א7G Â d % NDא+ ] G NT! ] G i(
@G' 7gT " "Q34HL6 >C! א²..
H@ F, 1 2K-HEB אz<<_אQzN9 "PH
KEC(T:d+
٢٧
!"# ()
N2> אE "< C(T< א² אKK N6G אN 2 אN}G אIJ. אJ٢٢
F "N 4 N}-D !א7T X >.א: ..! ¬LDN34א
CD א7l4 *G אqGb rs i6 7 ?F , -72 6 "
.QB PKKE?Q7T
..eJ אIא²T א$b : אIא²T' א: @G אKK! ¬ :! I²T אJ٢٣
QG 6אª%ª!א7 א8:CDY7+!א7אXIא²T<'א
! 3<א
IY"DK65'א !א:r BKK7אC H! H_ H!א7 א!אJ٢٤
٢٨
!"# ()
"H "s #!79 GH: AB" KKK ! 3 H Wא! א7T @ אJ٢٩
- ODY"5א8 (*(6': ...!א7GQGDKKK 6Gk! 4
.. QD 6 א1 %H L[ ( אKK 3 % J DY"D i6 '
L[אIא²Tאi%( KKא!א7T*(3@G|KKKd2H Q! ¬
P'אA ½V':Æ 6_אKKK א אJ٣٠
KK )אאBdG_gG6(NW 5 HNW D@G. 'א:CD
C¤אL6 ! ¬CD 72:f 62)אgGQ!2 ¯ Q:!'73
KK7%@'א+PF! _sN"7H
N%@ אGD 172 66: *U D Ll6 AH ¢_ א%2
$_ G¤אI7א/ HCDc' CDFW@G.-G/אgG9/א17.!
KEiU1:
K "א7: 3 : gH l אX l<א! א7T 7+ א[ ؛؛6א
T Ca -GM Hא7a Oא72 6 T X D: _3 '| @ ؛؛G
K PF אX f727 א، 8א7U אX N} %5 ¡ אC #%D
W 6א:!א7א87G.:!7D<אAB+CaCD
17 אCD . 4 אN"% אLw ؛؛N אuND 2 !א7 אCD N }א
K:א
K <א<א^א:^Fאs] " gG^~א
K* 6א¢%א
K^א<אdaw._T
٢٩
!"# ()
! א, ^" ؛؛179: Oא72 Ca 6 א: !א7 ؛؛ |' אQB
K S!א7 H؛؛:34 H
d &_אU4א
] א
EMeetingsF
٣٠
!"# ()
C، ">אgG] (.c5 ]אG "Dא ]!אc
QB "אאN(.c5 ]א. (17%2gG17UאC3Z "
N+: ¾ 6+CD،!א¤א1 %] D7G5 ]א97א א!א] @אz `א
K "H D +B46 "s6] >א)א
K] UÃNG. "497H] אN+:
">אgG] (.c5אXN"5 א%5א1 U_אW .T:] א
_ 4 א1 U ،@"Wא: -7 OÆ א7G. X Sc NG #א: "73
E4 ! אd6 ،N765"@ אT! L ، l< אf אW! OH
D ND،@"W "@!א%b!C$%אX N94"@ א6Z،Tא7א
K@" T@"% FD^CD#!א)אC3ZN(.c5אX] 1 :CD
"sD ":،] U>NG. "497H] אN+:gGNG
،N4GJ5א- 3 PH1 U&_אº،d [א_אN אZא+ sDCD
¢% O475 אO+ (5 אLD #! א)אGÂ L 6T NFH + d"
Y D6# 9d+،NG!א]א7FאN(.cGNG% (5 ]א.7א
NG.d+،_א$.C] א6S:X] D7G5 H .±'א7.±5א
N(.c5א_א-(4 7(5אXO!אOH:& ::COHN :1 Uא
K@"6HE(6אgG (
K] ]אb7(D
W]א א!אz `אK١
N(.c5 אH X Sc 2 ،N+< אCD $% * gG '73 ]א!א2 6+
CDN7ÂOH]א א!אz `אNFG.L 7*GFLa7אאB+، +!א.א
٣١
!"# ()
_&D X -: :،NאאNG 4אN 43 אCD!2¾ :E Oc(5א
E Qz ': Q ، !' א א73 ': _l4 ] אAB+
K] H
W "G17Uא:] D7G5 _א6#א:K٢
،#$& 8 %.< "G17Uא:] D7G5 _א6##א:] א
KO65א° J <א, 79CD Pא،] D7G5אAB+@"$( "6D
W]>35_א87G.:K٣
"GT '73 ': _l4 ]>3D ]>35 ' T<§ אH X ] (.c5¨ א
X E 2 אB+ ^ א<אCD N א5 S %! אF%D
K] א
W] + M_א87G.:K٤
+ N6D #34 K² א: ،OD A M אEG 87G.: ] א
Kא<אX$SPאN 3D)N(.c5א
] אfא7:
ETypes of MeetingsF
JWCDYא¢TCDK١
] אN! ] א, CDY א¢T CD ] (@ אC3Z
JWQza7dP KNW!
WN!] אE:
،#¬ א7D X Ns6D N6D ]א² gG א ] אd+
2 ،N4Gh ] 7a7D ¢% KKKK" : NS>S : " _ 'P
٣٢
!"# ()
،] G ND7 אN¯ ] א ،dG אאN(.c5 אI s "6l
K#!א)אGÂf א
WEN!$bFNW! ] אE8
¿! F אf ، " N (* אT Ns6D $b N6D ]א² X
N4U ،¿! f O+ (G ND אN¯ א#7 : #! א)אGÆ
Kd. .<" אD s_:N(.c5א
JWN«א¢TCDK٢
N«! ] א, N« אdTא76 א¢T CD ] (@ אC3Z
JWd¤א76אgGQz،N«!$b] א
WN«!] אE:
N. !א: N(.c5 אX N6D NG3D ¢£ "+ '73 א ] אd+
N4UHN« א ]א2،1 <א1Xi%&] 7a7D#
אND7 אN¯ א ] א: ،ND< אGÂ ] ،N!
$b N4UH '73 2 #! א)אGÂ 8 J אN(.c5 אNאYD N2 65 76.
NW! NG3D¢% אNW 6&.אND7א¯ ]אf ،N!
K#!א)אGÂ_: "2 6D
WN«!$b] אE8
] 4T ،N6DN ]א%. 6DX@" א ]אHU
gG17U H] 4Tא:N(.c5א.PgG]א76.!DN%. 6½
KN &א]א6 א:،$%
W 7(5א¢TCDK٣
٣٣
!"# ()
W "6D،#fא7:, +א7(D¢TCD] (@א
K#!א)אGÂf ،N(.c5 א7(DgG] אK:
K !א7אGÂND<אGÂf ،N א7(DgG] אK8
1 אND GÂ ] ،dG2) א7(5 אgG ] אKµ
KNHא
،#5@אD<אN¯+] ،d 7(DgG] אK
] ]א%
EMeetings ArrangementsF
] %² א: O ! 5 א¢T CD Aא7(D ' "D f א: '
*GF z ،E%(5 ' א<א א-א+: E j N« א$b : N«א
X A _%2 +z `א* א7 ] א%² אO% %(D FF` f א
N! 3. CD N6D NF E f 7 ] %² אQG AH -W 6S:
CDNGTD_ Xf אf7^> H] %²אAB+G`،f א
N76(אND אN¯אf " א%GF ]א%² ،V>&א-GTאD
KN(.c5א#!אGÂf ]א%CG`O+ (G
_%2 ،V>S _TאD , f " אH Z _ אTא5 (@ אC3Z
WQza7dP ،AH-W 6S:Xf א
Wf >GDeU`E:
4 ":L27אEW S7אgG7jGDאf א$3.gG
EH (אf אl¬،N(.cGdGאאIאY f אl:
،iº אLW 27G _. -< G5" א6 ': * אN"5 אEW S7 אCD
٣٤
!"# ()
¨ f אQz X ]B` א א!א] א א،] ] א2 65א
OÆ אl< אgG f אNאH X lא אB+ f א$3.
K-GN UG
gGO ²5אf אW! (-:XC3f אGDN+:'
CD "%G , 7G ' א،@"א!א2 z ` ND > ] אD7G5 אgG 17Uא
Kf א6S:XN2>א]אz] "[א
W1 <א1אE8
CD:f אW!LD! אH1 <א1f א$3.
f 'א3D "2 6D@. ]א7a75 HNW 2Cl،-6876
_%27l_ ,_ 7µz76H D1[אאB+_.،-¸! -2
1،\2 6. ]א7a7G !D'73y^ i27Hf א
] א7a75 א-¸! - 3D f אi2 H :% # 1 <א
K] 7a7DCD( D "2 6D@.
WEConveneFf >#7אEµ
Qz،- 3Df א7DCD PאHf >#7@א
«:gG 4 אl:@EConveneFf אW!LD! אH
!7l @" #7 א1 .!) f ! א7lT ET @ CB א° J <א
#7אLDE،- .-¸! f 'א3D#7אXj،f א
אN F H#7_א.،A LDY5אf >1 <א1C#!79
Qz، H@@G(:_(5 ¾אH،N(.cGdGאאI s6 א+j
٣٥
!"# ()
, #7 א179 CD P אC3Z gT ،y^ i27H f א7D _%2
GhgGf>)אCD l<אC3،*. 65אi27אXf אl:
K#7אLDN D'732א]א6(5א !א
W] אN 2אE
D# K +Y"M] אN 2אf א$3.] c(DCD
X 7+ ،>G2 f אl: ' אz NF(H NP(5' א73
] >N%(6 Hא אYD<אC3،N א#!אGÂ] א
،O אG X،N GND7אN¯אf ،#$%3א]אºc5א:
WN !א7D<אCD Pאf א$3.gG*
KC75אNW>D'73¢£N%. 65אN אYT K١
Kf אW! "GGאNU65 אאK٢
K'7S5א-G B 'א35 אאK٣
KI>)א#Y":N! 3(G*. 65 'א35 אאK٤
NT>9 N¯ א# a) אN7"* א² אN s6 H I + אK٥
K]7U¾א]א3D
KN%. 65 א5אV S<א$7 K٦
K7l_ "µ j]א6(D!א:N:ND >אN. א$7 K٧
אR N F אgG La7 ،#$}9 N2 FH gG 7l _ @.:NH K٨
K-.7G' 35
I! אN6 ( ] אH5 אA 5 ] א1 U_ אW . OD K٩
KN2!7א
٣٦
!"# ()
K "D>D]א( !א2א7D$7CD P אK١٠
X O ! 5 אN(G - * _&D: 87G.: 7 -: A z !
K^א+<אI¸Qz':CD P*א-:،f א
EDuring the MeetingFf א6S:XK٢
W "6D، "HI7 BאeJא7+f א$3.
،QBH ° א(_ אX C!B5 אO%W }! א7l« א: _( K:
א7CD Pאf אXO ! 5 אl·UT@Wא72@א
!7lT C C!B5« א: 7G ،f אd7 א8 U6א
Kf אl¬XQz_(f א
! §אHCl،f אX! D7l_3° GD F K8
Kf ]א7a7½N2>א]אz] .א!אV7%א
K l<אgGN H (אN(G[אl¬#> Kµ
X @ ] א2 65_ א3 a אeJGD C ،] 7G5 (_ אK
"G_UTא]א79<א،N 6N2H]B`א א!א]אאf א
CD Pאi7UאCDO65אOa! 5א،]א א!אCD!א2_
KN(.cGdGאאI s6אX#א]א79<אN& :gG!א א17UT
6S: X " µ j ] D7GD NPH AY f אW! # (D KA
@א76% HA$ B،d7 א8 U6א1 אCD P N(G[א
W! # אz NY6½ f א$3. '< " ؛6D g % D : "2 6D
Kf א
٣٧
!"# ()
،QzN(.c5אI s-7¸eJ d«אf אk:':*
،N7 2$b-6D#! U'א א!א]א73':-G*²אB+،> Hf א
27D אz ، a ^ ¶ U 6D $b '73 ': f אW! gG
gG#F(א،NG N 43Hf א#!אgG#! א- D T¬
l< ° F X ،f אN 2 X !7D< ] אÂ I s6א
Xf אW!!1 C3Z،@+! 3:¨@"Wא!אH)،f א
JWdP A א6S:
8 U6_ א3Àאz،d7 א8 U6א:f אN7 2CD P אK١
2 ،ET 7D , f _ אPH א!א2 z ` אW אgG ،d7 א
K!7l א4 Hj:،N(.cGdGאאI s6אXj
KNG N 43Hf א#! אK٢
، 6אeJG،N2 6G1 <א1gGN!5 ]א7a75 אK٣
K!א אf5@"l!: l<אN א7DCGQz7aX
C5! א7l א6Z N אZ אN2אU אNT ( H U 7 N¯" K٤
KN6PFא
N2 6G l< אgG ! א<אL 7H ،#( א5 H @"G !7l אNGD D K٥
KNאH
I s6 אNF 6 EPoint of OrderF I s NF EG _3 ] U) אK٦
אB+LD "H_D א@אN FאgG: Df7a7DN2 6DgG¨א²א
KN(.cGdGאאI s6אf אא]אOH¨! 77،f7a75א
٣٨
!"# ()
٣٩
!"# ()
l )א אN ²D 9 6 6+ C3 ،] אa ½ °
WdG eJG
f7 N(.c5@ א.| N. .< א9 6 אl אCl ': * K١
$3. @. א،f אW! @. א،-¸! f א7D ،f א
f אN9 ] %S)F C!B5 אO%W } אCa « א: ،f א
O65אOa! 5אO א75אR،1 <א176E-7 2
Kf א6S:X]B`א א!א]אא،i7UאCD
K6H_3# eU`LD،76HXl'א K٢
KNaאNGD N 2] !א%Hl*א3 K٣
g G17U G>"( ، א2@2 ،] D7G5 א]א4 *אK٤
KND7G5א
Kf א6S:XÑB א6אeJG K٥
A7U@S،f אW!CD-27،#N %lאN % K٦
KNUJ5א[" ]אgG- 7
f אX- a،° GDX- s4Tf אl ¬N ." K٧
K-GN2 UGET>א
EDecisionsF]>'א א!אE8
!79_.?(6]א א!א]אאL%F،f אCD "אH
K +B46gG_"^אHN65אN4GJ5אI (2<א)א!א]א, "6
W]א א!אB46NH DEµ
٤٠
!"# ()
P_אH،!א אz `א^אz،]א א!אB46NH D!lאCD
" D':،NUJ5א[" ]א,iG92]B`'א א!א]אא:CD
KAB46Ñ2
" %G.] א אYD
EAdvantages & Disadvantages of MeetingsF
WdP D "6D،# אYD] >
NDCD@" 7(DGhgGא<אC3º، %D1 UאNG. K١
K $& N T
KN [אNGU5# אD& :'73#BJ5 א א!א]אK٢
:אאH_ 4G] 7(5אGhCD·א°4אNT K٣
K! 3<א
א< א17 DX$SP אN 4GJ5 אs6!א" ]א¤אO HE 7 אK٤
K@+$34E:L.7gG_א
JWdP D "6D B،] ]א%G(N%(6 H D:
N [ אl:C3Àאz 97U،i27GNlD'732] אK١
K¢%. ½dgG
4 D6 97U،- ÂgGf אl :§H#F. K٢
KN " !א]אGf אW!
:>^א.7א:א,f אC#! U_א א!א]אº2 K٣
K] 6@ -G*²אB+،N%Gb< HgsR]א!א2,1797!אB
٤١
!"# ()
¢ &_אU4א
! א
EReportsF
٤٢
!"# ()
gG ] (.c5 א_ א8735 א1 U_ אW . CD N"D NG. ! א
XN4GJ5א[" ]אYא !אAB+'%، "D7T "א7:^>א
AB+ _&D #!* אU אCD '73 ،N!l ] אD7G5 ] א% H ] (.c5א
! ' א73 ': gG #! א)א°R 6+ CD ،N 4 NG 4H ] (.c5א
+±אY: NG3D ، "6D g75"^ אG N%. 6D +!U : + G א
K#7[אeW UÐN4UD،N(Wא
K#!אÃ-+: א
¨ W-PH ^ א-7 *( G #D ] 4 6+
N FH GGR a N6D NG3D : OD f7a7½ N9 אEW G
"_97אÑאKW 6אLD*. 6 ]א97 אzLD،NF(%D
KdGG&_א אZאB+،_Gא¢% H
،N(.c5אXN4GJ5" א)א!א]אHiD 2 אNF·Y7D¨W-: "6D
¾':C3Z،N%. 65א א!א]אz `N(.c5אX Gא#!אÃI :L
K! %)א אCאאB+
, N(.c5 אX "H 4T אC3Z ،873D 1 U אNG. ! אK١
CD# Ã] 2<אCDi2:X "f7א#!אÃ،N%. 6D +אא#5א
K "#!א7 ]אD7G5א
z،] . ( @א.! FJאN GN 4 # X! ("@אK٢
] % ]אD7G5אgG ". .@.! "FFLaXN(.c5א#!א
CD،N! I:NGאi :א7.،N4GJ5 !אU5אCD "G_URא
٤٣
!"# ()
#!אÃ N( .c5אXN 4GJ5א !א " א)א!א]אN G !אאU 5א
K " Gא
#!)אL§א !אHClz،NH 2אNG! ("_אK٣
،ND @א:NG(אµ N4G3HEG] D7GD] HN(.c5א
7(D :X]§א)א!אH-א7>]א35 H! §אHEG
17G אN ¬]>35^אgG#!א( א)אB+אא<אB+
K N%. 65א
z،N(.c5אXO.±5 א.±אOH] 2>אN7 X! ("@אK٤
.±א،! 'א7CBאO.±5אOH_9א7א# gG_ ":
K@"LCBא
XN 4GJ5א)א!א]אO HE( 6אN G 6X! ("@אK٥
N( .c5אXN 4GJ5א)א!א]אO H#$& _ ] 2> 6"،N( .c5א
]א!אcOTX87GF5א_אCDאYN6D#!אc ،#Tא7א
_@אs6! א)א!א]אAB+1 %،QB، <אאY< א:
K-(
: " 6DN( .c5אL DOGD 5!א7 " X! ("@אK٦
2 ،@+$bN(.c5 >א:NWYM! M:NG! MCD، " D
،] D א:LG( אL Df 7 E#$U 2! F] אXQ z@
K " 9، .אN4 ،NG(אeW U
٤٤
!"# ()
! אfא7:
ETypes of ReportsF
':'،ODk .:*(T 2 ( ! ' (@א:*UאCD-:
*(T! אdP ^.،-!:¤אk .·'73
K "NG.5אN"[" אG "Z CD " 7a7D
Wf7a75(*אT! אfא7:K١
N! %) א !א+" :CD،f7a75(*אT! אCD#$& fא7: 6+
W "6D_ a7dP ،N 5א !אNGGא !א
WEInformative ReportsFN! %)א !אE١
^"HODf7a7½N9 ]א% ]אD7G5א !א¨אd+
KW @ "@':'،N6DNG3D: "7a7D-LCD! %
5N T#!7 9 F7 + "H C D¨ }'א:z] 97:
אD +א !אQG "GNG&D<אCD،!7D<אCDD<N%(6 H
:@"!אX_א$.C@"W .±!, "Z I (2< א.±!:]א)א!א
,N( .c5אX] %5א#! אD- B ]א%5 א:،@"D ( 2:
LG.#CD:N6DNG.CD] %5@אT-O%Bא،I א5א
CN.6א#WאאD-Bא א:،N6DN6D #²1>
% bd"! אAB+N T D:،N(.cGg6DX_ א
،N(.c5 א_א.±א,O.±5אCD:،# 9N.!א
EAnalytical ReportsFNGGא !אE8
٤٥
!"# ()
N97אCl2، +$(4] D7G5_אGR "@א !אd+
*}! "GNG&D<אCD، אf7a7DXAz `א*א7 )אאH
AB+µ>] 97" @אGGR8 %.<א@" ¨א،OGD א
NG(אµ #7 7(D¨ 4³ HEGBא אQB ،NG35א
_:CDN(.c5א#! ])א97I @SCD، "GGj8 %.<¨אBא
K "GTNG35אAB+gG*G}א
EFinancial ReportsFN 5א !אEµ
!7D<אa7QzN(.c5אXN 5א#!א)אCD % b! אAB+
d+ "N 5!א7D<אgG N(.c5א#!" )אZ @، "N 5א
! אAB+4W (א: H!<@אS] ]א)אאU5 HEG % b
KNH 2אFJאNGX " D7GDIאJ.אX
@Wא7 2W ( אH!<א8 ( TN א ]אY5" אGN G&D<אC D
g GY ! אAB +§H': ،# 5א8 ( T 6אEא
#!אN 3אAB+':O% DאzgTNDא:NG(אµ N4G3
LG.N( 6DLF(gT "l4`gG_GND >א)אא]אN(.c5א
-PH אgGEGFN אAB+X، <( ]א.c5 ]אD:
K 3
WCDY(*אT! אfא7:K٢
N !אN76( " א6D،fא7 :# ,CDY (*אT! (@אC 3Z
K "a7dP ،Naא
٤٦
!"# ()
EAnnual ReportsFN76(א !אE:
"@N6._ N "XN(.c5אX Gא#!אÃI א !אd+
]אH7UאN6(אQG1>N(.c5" אHiD 2א1 <אa7
8 % .:، +B 46@ À ]א5א: Fא1 <אAB +i"א
CDN(.cGNG% (5א]א7Fא !¨אCDf76אאB+X@،Qz
"GNG&D<אCD،QBF` 6+' אz، :XL.7אNT
,-²، :KW CN(.c5א#!אABא76(א אQz
QB ، " Gא#!א)א,:، "C5אN¯+,:N(.c5אGÂ
،N 4GJ5 ( ]א.c5אXOGD א#א:C N ! C DA M D
_UgTאB3+gG<א-(W!, "$-.±DCW!_ +
K Gא#!א)א,
&_אDNUUJD! d+N76(א !אAB+':§% א
f7 ÂFN( .cGN D7אN ¯א,- !@ B א76( אd 5א
f76אאB+_&D':،@"(.c5d 5אLa7אgG@">)E "O+ (5א
O+ (5אLDND ]א2>אN47+، "D +E j! אCD
K!7"[א-GLGF@ _ LD:N(.c5אX
2- :، % bN Gא# 9N .:!d +N76( א !אN T'
NUJ5אND73א[" ]א,:O+ (5א,iG.!: Dאz !
K] (.c5אQG_&DgGNH 2 HI7 א
EPeriodic ReportsFN אN!א !אE8
٤٧
!"# ()
X "Z +א !א@אQG! אCDf76אאB"HU
AB+، "+: "7a7DCs6}§אH،N6DN6D #²_ N "
N4GJ5אI (2<" א)א!א]אHI7 אN4GJ5אNF·] UJGD! א
XOc(G "!@-<N!א !אi«،N6DN6D #²X
_3HE" :NS>S:،" :،f7%.:FN6D #²_ N "XN(.c5א
KN6DN9 NG3D7gG27 "Z '::
$.C] D7G½Oc(5אY ":X! אCDf76אאB+N+:L%
]א$}:]א א!אz `אgG@+ (، "6אNF<אX_א
، "]א$}:]>1 :،d+ "!א.א¢TCD، "
،" _ Xµ )אN O% אµ )" !אGN G&D<אC D
! " :NS>S_ "HÑ ]א3אO% ]א%5 !א
K#Y"<]א¹N!אN Uא
ECasual ReportsFN א$bNaא !אEµ
$ b א7DXN( .c5א#!" )אZ +א !א @ אd +
$ b^ iGU Tאz:،1 < §אHN %-l %( TN s6D
C Df7 6אאB +N +:L %، + #! !א)א%dl E]>3 DFN
،$P'N(HN9 אN HN G5 ]אD7G5אI ":X! א
אzא7.D<אאY':_%2NG35_אN%. 65א א!א]א#!א)אBJd
אz_' "(4NFאB46X!א.>:NG3½EGD<'א
אz_' "(4NFאB46X!א.>:NG3½EGD<'א
KODfDX_א$(HEG5'א
٤٨
!"# ()
:N $bVאT::!7D:C "<؛Naא !אi«2
CG،daאdאאB+VjÀאz-:g6½I sא!א. HVR
א،! אCDf76אאB+gGNG&D<אCD، +)אN T 6+'73
LBא א،N(.c5"@אV T:D:XE אKW 6HEGBא
،da 5א"אX " RÑא#$%3 ]א%5אN 17TN(.c5א#!)א
K 27D' D3gG
W_3אk .:gG! אfא7:K٣
N«!$b :N«!! , "G3 k .:gG! (@אC3Z
WQza7dG
WEFormal ReportsFN«א !אE:
N 6D17 9:] ) אא+" אH XLl ` א !אd +
، "6µ א7#¬אY:Cl ، 4b: + 7
N D 5 ]א7אN W 2،'א7 6אN4 9d «' _א א: H
אz& ::EGD_2 ،] 97אKW 6@אS، א7¬
N«א !א،f76אאB+gGNG&D<אCD،k"-2،D<אIY
, "!אGÂ,I Bא،N(.c5א1 :KW C76(א א
:#+ CND א]אUT)א#WאABא א، ND אN¯א
KN 3.:N U2א:N !אi :א7.،LÆאX& :
W אאB+אY:C#Y7DdG
] H* "%7½@א1 3 <א#& CD@b HW'א76אN49K١
7NHz & :'73N4U_א3 '|،N«א !אX'א76אN49
٤٩
!"# ()
NH _l4،N4UאAB+CD7Gא¢G&אX א'א76.7Ñ
N%(6 H§ ^א،NYG)אN}G H' אz$%3 ^אH'א76א
] 97HÒgGY א'א7617' אz،NHאN}G H'א76G
' ( D "6HOG ( DCF .g G* 3':_l ·،E@ .١٣7 ´F
،k735אI_א3 'א76אBP':_l4 ،87. אgGOF.
K " אI 5אN"[אN%. 6DN (DgG-G
@.אF "(4'א76אN49gG *א H° אY[ אD:
$<א¢G&אX'73، !?אאQB Ed47א-% * 3א
KN4UאCD
،'א76אN49א،N אאY:@lNW 2d+W] 7אNW 2K٢
N4U@א2!، אX +!*(TN%D-WאY: א17Ua7
N4U אAB N H!<\אDא7 'א: ،Y [א:_U 4" א6D: %א
K אÓDX "(4\Dא7 !אH'73E_4.<אgG<א<(אCZ<אF
1 3 <אCDא¬אCl D6WNa7א1 3 <אNW 2K٣
NW 2CD_4.<אY[אX "!אC3ZNa7א1 3 <אCDNa7א
NG (DN49eU`C3א$% +' אz D:،] 7א
אXא،N Na7א1 3 <@א2 W*א، א
D 2!:dF'::،_U4@א2! zLD،_U_3HN9 NG(G(DI 2!PH
،NG(G(D
٥٠
!"# ()
N"א-WאY:CaLa7 GeJGD W אeJGDK٤
אKW 6@ ¡א א+:CN.#3¿! אF^"HQz
N4U\אDא7+ D:?eJGD?N4UאAB+'א76*3، "_97אÑ
eJG5 'א3D D:، "(4 א°7UNH ] 49\Dא7+! Hd"
،# %D אE 7¬FÓDCD,<אN4U_א%27"
"GR] D7G5 ]א%אg G7 jWEAא7 ¬F אÓ DK٥
#CD'73Y_ #DאY:XNs6DNH *3، +$(4
CD،-N %Fא179:# אD*،N6D#34# _ eU`،] א
- }'7 3':* ،] ( 5\אDא7 *א²אE( 6א¢ T
'7 3':،N %:N 7´:N 7} F:N :C DNU N 9
K#Tא#TN "6אX_3¢£، 3. D! 3<(_אG(D
':C 3Z אN a)אאY <אAB +C DW# (5אN a)אאY<אK٦
Lא5אNW 2،ET>5א:EG5" אlHgG: "Gd«א א7j
Kk! "4א:k"4א
§% : GNGU 4N א5IY G 2# ( D] D7GDWEG5אE:
*G 9X¨ D@ "4N . .אi( "63، @א:،- WאY:
,N אfÀ7gT# (D# D_H، (W!EG5א، א
_W .§אH،] %.<" אGNG&D<אCD، אÓDX "DאJ.א
، אN "X# ET>5אLa7،] Gא:Ns<§אH،µz 6א
K>(G(D 2EG5 ]א49@2*
L X "G אÑ !אU 5אN 7Âd +WL א5אNW 2E8
]>ÆאX#!765 ]א5א،#!765*א3א، "6DY: ]אD7GD
٥١
!"# ()
]אD7G5<'א،N7 S! UDLא5אAB+،Dא7 א،Uא
C D H،QB ، *א $ b' '7&T H "[ "6l
6%D א 'אz D:?L א5אNW 2?g(N9 NW 2X "!א
N .7H# D1< *א ":،N :] Hg G- GD 3H
_N TN אAB+d4،] 7G5א،NUJ>]אH 5 ]א%.א
KLאDNW 2
N W 2?#! %* 3، אC DY Lא5 H° אY [אdP
Lא5 אD:،NHאLא5 HO4c5« א:*@N %6<?אLא5א
C3، l:NW (*א^אTO4c5« א:*@N%6<א
@.אO4c5« א::c5@א.אH B،c5אNGW @. HOW%D
:8 3א74cD' אz6אN6.@S، 6@א.א،6 'א3D@S،L5א
A H* 31< אc5 @א. אB H- |،N S>SC D & : אD
K-(4g65אc D:E'FNG
WN«א$b! אE8
"H X א !א@אQGN«א$b! HU
':Q zC D@ "4':* ، + zE% . אd «אא אYP H
f7a7D'_H «!dUJ f7a7D7+-PH*3Bאf7a75א
:،N(.c5אNF:CD¡ 6HEG:،d«!7+N אAB+X א
X# אXN«א$b! *א3،d«" אGHN2>]אzNG3½
dP KN 7FJ5_א3 l:BP2 "63،# BD:N .!_3
K# BD_3 X א،N .!_3 X GY7Da7
٥٢
!"# ()
gU2<אאR# 27ICD@b HWN .!_3 X! אK١
" 49Y² G§אH'|،! אCDf76אאB+17F
] %¨אN«א$b! אCD_3אאB+IJ(،ÒgG
Kµ! JG-::،N(.c5אµ! CDא:gG] D7G5א
CD f76א אB+ IJ( WEMemo ReportF # BD _3 X אK٢
_3אאB+] 49Y % b،#Tא7אN(.c5 א_אFgG! א
KN .!_3 X &_אD،] 49ÒgG! אCD
] אBG #T7D µz ® ،° _3H #$%3( ] א.c5@ אsD X א7
g6אN"[אCD7GאY[אXN7%FD] !א%gG7RאNGאא
X 7%FD ،N(.c5@א.'א73 OTX ،f7a75א،?! א،CD, _&D، "6D
K?NGא# BD?#! %*3،N4Uא.gG:
-_.5_א.GN47א8 <'א:X،N .אC# B5אG`
KND אNאNT אNאQB ، ""s
W "_.5אN"[אk .:gG! אfא7:K٤
N! ! NG !א،O7,k .<אאB+*(T! (@א
W "6D_ a7dG
WNG !אK١
Xא7.، "Oc(5א,_.،N(.c5אX*3א !אQGd+
! _א3 ! אAB+BP،N4GJ5אN(.c5אfOHI:-(4f4א
אL%" !א.'!א:E%.אENG א]אאB5אFN«א$b
W! "אµ ) !א،] %5אD,] %5אdH6DCDL
٥٣
!"# ()
! א)א7F ! א!* א،µ ) אD , µ )(@ א2
: ،N!' א)אcG I א5( אD , *! א7F אD "
°7UÐ -! אd47D CD 7D , C5 אT: "G. # B
k±5 אCD א79 ': C3Z NG' א ! אא: ª אB+ ،-G
Kk±GWאCD 7%+:،WG
WN! ! K٢
: אא:N! ] ", .!@،N(.c5אXP6א !אd+
'73،NG7FאN«א !א:_W ._א3 BP# d+،] (.cD
: " 6D:N(.c5 ¡אC] D7G½] "[אQGY "6D^א
LG. 179 @"D>) > א, .! @ ! א ، " D
:] Dא:LG(אC] D7GDN:@"D>)N(.c5 >א,،#
'>) >א,، "G.dG(5N(.c5" אD ':C3ZאN Uא
! אXNG&DN! ]אUא،_ 6]א ,:،-% 3D
X '>) אN א#! א،] ²5 א#! א،] %5 א#! ] )אc(5 אCD
KN(.c5א
W[א אeW U
JW "6D،[" א אHU':*] 49:eW U# 6+
،-H 3E^+F*%. 6+'73':*_ _ W ^א+K١
# ,c ½!، IY،@ א²א#WאYא<!אאCD
א: ! א^ א+: CD '| ،1 &5_ א%. gG ،-GF _ אNG2
: L% ،NF< אT: א: OH N2> |" ! א،N(.c5 אX OGD א
E7( א#! |א،] א)א!אT א: N! D : ،NאY5 אµ ) א: אא
٥٤
!"# ()
CD ">&DLD: "(4N(.c5א<אא_א:µ ) ، < )א!א]אH
i4GNDN9] ! 5'א73':*، :] (.cDX]א)א!א
K l:NH )א+ s5אl ¡א>^א,! s<א
W] a7אK٦
Na7אN %אI7.אWאא1 3 <אgG7jB א
N9 ،¿! אdF 1 3 < אAB+ _& K "6D d B אCD _l:
K°7U6א: À'gT،f7a75אC#¾DN.#3C73#$%
WN2אK٧
gG ( ] D7G5 אN2 '< ،N9 ] D7GD אCl ': :
f727א$% T,_G ،NG(א א!א]אz `אd2א7אFJא
KPFאX
WE )אF! UאK٨
]>U4N:X17'אN!l ]אD7G5אgG א7j¢£
_:] !א%:] G gG7j:* ، #!a
ª8 3אX! U'א:-sT>D!M K אf7a7½N2>
$b lD b _א, c':،-א+:-9 א4':
K7a7אLD! U א6+7U 5 ،I7"4D
٥٥
!"# ()
W7a7אK٩
،g65אX¨7b:Q :_YNG".NaאN}GH *א3'::
*. 6 ½ * אG3 ،( N7"(H -" ¿! אgG _"(
*-:-H$ B *א،-7a7אE R،-W! dG א7(5א
#H ،N %F אN7}G אF< אCD N ،NF(H N}GH אNH
X Y KN%U אN64 אNG ] אGFU5 אIאJ. א אC
! 3<אO%] אI (2:, ( D، %D'73':QB א7a
،w s6D א:,#3CD 1 H#"_א א.-GM،-N"5א
KQB ] 97CD] D7GDCD-6l D@"gG (אB"
Wf 62)אK١٠
1[_א% N F6DN2 ]אD7GDEW T,A 6.אªאB+
] 97אa7f 62)אNGgG ( K¿! א6k %א$&
، ) אLD ¨! ½ ،*. 6D _3H "GU4 אX #775א
אN%. 65אN %אI7.א،1א[אWאא،1 3 <א אOl
K "- 97* 3אsN"a7
W אNH ]א7F
KA א-% X N6D ]א7F f % CD H ،' א א73 d3
WdP D]א7FאAB+@+:CD
W^אRK١
-H 3f>א،^+-C3À'|،-+AR* אNH _%2
GD^'א73 ، אf7a7DjBא7+^אאB+K>9:
٥٦
!"# ()
#& :،µ ) א3# :،NG(אµ #7¨ 4³| DNP(½
KÔאKKKKN(.c5אX@ :COGD }*א
W "s6] %אLK٢
6+ ،ND > ] אD7G5 אL d+ ! אNH X N & א#7Fא
! UD N< ] אD7G5 ! אUD + ،] D7G5 אL[ ' (W! '!אUD
#] D7G½ ºאd+N< ]אD7G5 !אU،N7 & ]אD7G5א
،I ]אD7G5" אGEGF':C3Zא،_%2CD "G17UאE%(À
@+:CD،O H .O&T HCD$(4_אGאN.!אGLl`Àא:
،¢T %" אH I7 ] אT7(5 אN< א א: ¢% ] אD7GD ! UD
א8! א] א+ 5 א،O65 אCD @+$b : א¾אLD ]>H 5א
K¢T %" א
: V £: X iDJ. א،' " אd" ،N7 & ] אD7G5 אD:
N7 & ] אD7G5 ! אUD @+: CD ': 17 אC3Z QB ،N H . !
א7>]א! ]אÆ*א3א،' +:א !אV £<א
X NYh '73 2 ] אD7G5 א،#$&3 אLא5 אCD +$b ] %35 אX
] D [ ] א%3D CD אX a א62 X #א75* א.א7א
KNGא+ 5א
W "GGR] %א6UK٣
I7 אNG35 אC ] % אE¢T % א:F * א L ': H
،-#4D¿! אaאg6D %U "46UHI7 ، ".!אH
N 43 ¨ א4³ א8 %.: C N76D #D ] D7GD ¢T %' א73
٥٧
!"# ()
] D7G5אAB+6U'،C3،N(.c5אXOGD אCDN7ÆN )א
gG "46U @ ': C3Z ،QB ،g6D ' %U "GGR ،] %א
NU"@אs ،@"(4:1 H >UD'73 D "6،N4Gh.:
2 "lH ': OT X KNUJ « "@ אNG !א"@ א2 N א
-D>D D _ ' א3 ،_D H אN 5^ א_ אsH EG
µ ) H GD "lH '73 2 KNH7! ،#!אT N! N7" # a CD
! אD،"א:d7%.<א:dD7_אD אµ )א]אDA7F-(4
، "W 6S: X : ] % א6U H ،]א76( אCD X _א אB+ !7F
N7Æ N ) אN 43 ¨ א4³) N א8 %.< א, _97G ،_GR
KOGD אc+
W-s6 אE(6K٤
I7 ،N6D KW , _97" אGGR ] % ] אD7G5 אL H
، "a "אº "s6] D7G5 אAB+E(6H * א :¢T %א
KD<"@א6CD-א2CD4
אY< א אNH _TאD CD NGT5 אAB+ X * א j
CD Y _ -F. B ' א7 ! א: ،A "6l. אN4GJ5א
א אY: dP gT ،] 7a75¨ א. ! ،אY< אAB+
K#Tא#T D_3،N3. D
א אY< א: 8א7H< א17U4( ] אD ! ': * א gG
C >U ! אT: Cl 2 ،1 &5_ א%. gG ، " א6l
אB+_&D ClOTX، אNH XIJ(5א87G.<א
٥٨
!"# ()
2OTX،KW 6_אGRC H H:>U! אT:Cl2،_U4א
X- D7GD¢% ]אHLD אCDY[א:_U4אאB+KD
: N+< אgG 1 Æא אB+ X * א !א2 ': Q K
KA -WאY:CDY_ ¢T %" אFאN%(6אN א
-6l. 5 >U4D !אA אQz gG * א (
אY:N(W!אY::17U8א7H:_3 gGN 7D] 7a7DCD א
NH :% ':_%2Qz،NC 6N(W!C 6H "6¾N7 S
KdW "6א-G3HA
W אNH K٥
iº אz ،N2 א1 < אCD NW "6 א-!79 X אNH
! 3<*א א _(،NGT5אAB+X،_3HN H (א]א7Fא
LD ،N H ( אNGT5 אX A|אH I 2 B(* א) ! אT ] D7G5 אEW א
gT، "l%H א# DH* .<_אl:µ gGY ²א#!a
KN3. D#Tא#T"s
]אD # @+! NH ' O 6 א8 3' א: M ،QB
،_א:^Bא,N a) H "s6# |HQz، "6(R "
KN(.c5א#!" )א7 D ºOaא!א7%U':_%2
@"W !א,< אNW "6!" א79 X @+! ! א א7% ¨ 2
_%2،@+! ]א7(DgG]>אCD$&3'א7G2،@" "7
،NW "6!" א79X "a: " %
٥٩
!"# ()
Pd N& SN S#DA # אHI7 *א ':Q
: ^ N %F אE2 ،1 3 א7a7 א¢T CD -D>D CD
' אz אL27':C3Z،BW6، "UHI7 ،N % F:
KN(.c5אXeJ5אeJG:N"G-D @S،QBN £
LH_אאU4א
ND ]א2>א
EPublic RelationsF
٦٠
!"# ()
@GאאB+%،$+ [אf 6("^אB@אGאd+ND ]א2>א
N9Cl "(4N אZאN%':z، S %!אN אZ H
': l: C3Z ND ] א2> א،N4Gh EWאFH !7"[ אf 62 אN ¬
K@"%b! 9$+ ["@א# gG (
،I אB6DND א#!@א)א+ 4DT:ND ]א2>אI7"4D^2
gF.7! א7U אX 1 אNZ ! ] א7¾אD) אI7"45א אB+ i
ND ]א2>אI7"4D@אSKÀ !א]א2GhX#9 5אN&א
IJ. אCD 1: א7 CB א،O3D< א1 < א#!@ אG CD
U2 ¡א6א-:CDOD-gGNGEND ]א2>אF#! %
KL. א 'אN "XQz' ،1 < ]א5
+!א6] 2>אI7"4D
6(] 4@אsD'<؛NH79 "NP(DND ]א2>' א
l ،ND73א] אT7 א: 1 < ] אD -H I7 OD _ ,
¨א. אCD ND ] א2> אI7"45 ¬ , 1797 אNH79
JWN¤ ]א4א
] D "HI7 אW 7" א: EWebsterF²(Hk7D 2 "
X +7N+:، " . . "F:-:gG!7"[אf>)1 <א
K 9 6DI :!EGN ¬
i ،EEncyclopedia of ManagementF N! א)אN7.75 אD:
N% N« ª% ': 1 R אN! א)אN47" א: ND ] א2>א
٦١
!"# ()
X Sc':LF( א،* ]אLD- D - 6D،fG
KNG% (5א#a אf5אN+ !
Cl ": ECharles S. SteinbergF Ç$%6 Y! "
!7"[אf 62)I א:אX$SPאI>Ã1 UאC4+ 5אIאJ.א
Kf5א^א+PH
D _ ¡ ": " ،EEdward Berne’sF Y$H ! אD:
JWdP
K] D7G5 H!7"[אY J
K "G-7D- + Mא$}^"H!7"[אאb J
+!7" -D " + M אN(.c5 אא] אOH ND>5 אNDא75א J
KN(.c5אLD-!אא7"[ ]א+ Mא
"H ،_GRNG ": " ،ERox HarlowF7! + ! D:
7G. +7´ QG( gT ، " %b! N65 ] א<א^ אT Ns65א
K א7D
، Fh N6 D N F6D ] U" א: '7.! D '7 "
KN(.c5!א7"X$SPG UUi9
C3Z -| ،ND ] א2>G N H ( ] א4 א>^ אCD @b אgG
E(6ND ]א+ Mאk #!" א)א.! ºאN47" ?א: "4
(6 ،f5 א: ،N(.c5 א: ،4" א% ] א)אא] א. (א
K?ND אNGU5אLDg
٦٢
!"# ()
N אND ]א2>אOH4אK١
:،:!:#34H- 62)،¤אX$SPG#7U 5א7"[אQGd+N א
#¡ ®:EG:، DNl27´#W ( ]א+ Mא<אא$}:،K6D
EW א4|H@+! 3:gG#F(א<אאX$SP"^אH،7G(אCD
AY ،!7"[ אf 62 , ND ] א2> "^ א6H K +$} :
] 2>אOH^> א6+،N2- DPHEW אNU ]אD7G5 H
،_7F אG _ ND ] א2> ، 5 א¢T CD ،N אND א
#%אKW 6 HI +'אN.^א+:E RgGN _א6H
K 5א
'>)אND ]א2>אOH4 אJ٢
،] Dא:LG(א:! 3< @אNUJ $bNG.-PH'>)^א
ND ] א2> אOH 4 אKf7D : _H D ND7GD N" N .7H
אgG !7"[ א¢T , ^" '>)' א: 7+ ^ א¢T CD '>)א
!7"[אL,^"،ND ]א2> אD:، "6CG5אNDא:NG(א
K "N%5אN. (א#9 6½- 62،ODfD: DN(.cD#! אc5
N&( ]א.c5אXND ]א2>אN+:
LF(zND73TI:i N! M،N(.cD<N!aND ]א2>א
، +!7" OH "6H 1 %D @+ 4 7 ' 6H _ אN(.cD :
N S "« l:__H،H!CD- R DgG27N(.c5 א
+$+ ,1797א7+N(.cD:XND ]א2>אN }، "H!7"[א
KN4GJ5א1 U_אW .IאJ. H "FF " b "א+:
٦٣
!"# ()
، " . . +$+ ! %:CD H،6gTN&אN(.c5 K١
½ " . . La ،- + M א+!7" s N" ND "G ':
K] + Mא175אQGLDE4
H،N(.cD:_% (DRXN} HN+:]אzND ]א2> אK٢
_ אD:، "! N(.c5" א_אDא$% " !אW F "HI +אCD
،N"CDN(.c5אXO475אOHN72] 2>ND 2X |' !אN(.c5א
،O475 ] א%b! N.!אH Qz ، : N" CD #! א)אO475 אOH :
G3 ،] %. אL 7 : ] אGא] א6 אH @" + M@ א7D
gG c+ _ "47D ' +z: X NG #!79 6H X N(.c5 אi+ .
K@"HNFאN¯%א, "G
LDN72] 2>ND 2gGN(.c5אX ND ]א2> _ אD_&½ K٣
N(.c5،d! א+!7"Õ ">97gG_ "|، "O475א
، + !7"[" אG '| אB ، k 6 אP , N £ N&א
@" + M_אGR +!7"N."@!אG': ،] אGא]א6 אH
K@" %b!
ds6_ א3 אX "27½ ND ] א2> ! אN+: אH C3Z
N 35אgG36ND ]א2>אN47HN(.c5א#!אI + ،N(.cG
6º ] אT>U א, Ns6 אNF" אH gsR ': C3Z א
K "HOGD G
N(.cD < Ns6 אNF אgG ND ] א2> א#! א7 27
N7 ، "G N% " 2> f 62@ אT "6D ،# _Dא7 gG
٦٤
!"# ()
" !אG א#! א)אf 62 אD , N a) H ،@+! א+$+
)#!a 6+%U، " 2>L(N(.c5¾ א3 D6، "+<
#!a %U ND ] א2> א#W א7 ': ،ND ] א2>G #Wא
N }אF6DXC6Dk 6אCD$% LDN(.c5_אD D6
KN.
I +" אG' a4-.! ºB ¡א6אN%N(.c5'_א:
" !אN47אAB"H Gא#!א)אf 62א,N a) H،ND ]א2> H
#T7א אH،N47אAB+@s6#!a,C cDOGD '" א+<
_3אgGN47אAB+7'Kds6_א3אX +7אN!א)א
N(.cD , N9 N(.cD CD < N(.cD CD G¸ 2 ds6א
א$+ [אKDא¾אFא^א+<אX^>*א%(HQz،ND
K "D_D
1c(5' א: 6 ، G א#! א)א7(D X L 2 ND ] א2> אN47
،-7 אNFG. - '73 d >&D I א5* אW N4 _} "6
-F אB+ ،] . (@ א.! ] א א!אz ` אX N ! 5 א, N a) H
] . (אLa، +!7"N(.c5אNGUDOHE7א،ND>GN94א
K-Dא²Tא- &HgsR@" T!7"[ ]א%b!ÄGא
, " 97 L! אB+ ،gF.7 א#! א)א7(DX '73 2
K Gא#!א)אN4(G*(Tאz،BP: "HBP2אN(.c5א#!א
: T א7D , 6( @s6 אCD ] א7(5 אX '73 2
K'7lD>H א76%Ud H،N(.c5 א)א!א]א_אT|HEG
٦٥
!"# ()
D N(.c5" אG 3 א#5 אd+ ND ] א2> א#!' א: ½
QG _ 87G.PH LG. ] D ] . . CD -G !7"[ אf>א
A M !7"[_ ! _ א% ( l: d+ ،Na !אN6¯FD $+ [א
، "א!א2 BJD N(.c5 אN. . d 9 , "(3 ، " אאאN(.c5א
ds6_ א3 אX ND ] א2> א#! ' א3D '73 ': !l אC אB
אB+KN(.c5אN. .-7gG#! " א6DB 'א35אXN(.cD<
KN(.c5אWHES1 UאgGND ]א2>'א73 D6E
ND ]א2>א1 Uא
AB+_ 6z،¤^CD] D7G5" _אH@אNGא7+1 Uא
KÔאKKKK!79: 7D!:،N"4 :NH73D] G _3 gG] D7G5א
^א+: G` ، "א+: , 1797G ND ] א2> אNG. 1 U
@+ 4 אEG , ^" +>3 ،ND ] א2>א^ א+: C 1 Uא
K1 U'אND ]א2>G7،1 %5א
_l<אC،אB، "6EW אCD$&3אNDX*bN(.c5!א7"'
CN(.cG!7"['@א: ،EW אgG!7"[אf>N(.cG
X N(.c5 א] אG3 ، "D . ] אD אN% i אz @
!7"[ אQz @"4 א،!7"[ אLD N4GJ5 א1 U_ אW . IאJ.א
K 6א-7_2، - א،N(.c5אQG^א+<
X77D-: ،175 ]א+ MאXGhf76DN(.c5!א7"'<
1 U_אW .7+-1797GT7_א%( ،N4GhN}אE 6D
½! ،1 U_ אW . CD N6D NG.7H " 1797 אC3Z z ،N4GJ5א
٦٦
!"# ()
NG.'73':*، :N¯, "H1797אC3ZאQGCG`
+!7"^!אgGN(.c5אQBH (،O+ M HNG.1 Uא
K!7"[אאB+NGUDI` ]א. (אLaLF( ،- %b!
_Tא5אCDHZ!7"[א,ND7G5|' _אND ]א2>א1 ÂX
JWd¤א76אgGQz،1 UאNG )ND >א
K7aN2H1 UאCD^אR K١
K-H1 U@א.B!א7"[אR K٢
K-H1 U>_&D<א87G.< א !אK٣
KND7"4DNT'א73¢£،N .אeNb 9 K٤
K1 U>*. 65אi27 א !אK٥
KCאi27א87G.< H .!א5א#34 _אK٦
KN(3NB}gG17UG!7"[_ א4!אN%2אD K٧
K_4!א7agGKW 6 @אK٨
KKW 6א7aXNB46אNFאLa K٩
٦٧
!"# ()
@7 א
CD-63Z ،8 3G¿! א8 . אDND@@7 א1>CD
K8 3אאB"H#775 ]אD7G5א!אא
QGgGNH א-G8 3אאB+CD# 4. !¿אGg6(gT
1>CDא،NUאNH אYD!gG#WאLa1>CD،NG¯.א
K] !אgG7RאNG¯.§אHgG# %5אNH א
8 3G@"4D¿! א'אª]א]א !אzNG¯.אgGNH א'א
1אc(אf7a75f7אgG¿! אLQzCD^א® א، _3H
K8 3א1>CD
JWNG¯.§אH@3א
א7DXNs6DN6D ]א²gG א ]אg(אz DG
א "؟NS>S' _ "אP ،#¬
KN! א ]אK:
KNW! F א ]אK8
KN« א ]אKµ
؟N!א ]אN+ אDG
KdGאאN(.c5אI s¢£ :
Kd. ." אD s_אN(.c5אN4U 8
K8H: µ
٦٨
!"# ()
*(TNs6D$bN6D ]א²X א ]אg(אz DG
א" ؟N א
KN«א$b] א:
KNW! F א ]א8
KN! א ]אµ
؟CDYא¢TCD] אiRµ!6¯ ]א4 אDG
KN«א$b] אN« א ]א:
KNW! Fא ]אN! א ]א8
K8H: µ
א ]؟iRµ!6] GND7אN¯א ]אG
KNW! F א ]א:
KN! א ]א8
KN« א ]אµ
؟N!א$b] >^א5@א. אDG
KN«א$b] א:
KNW! F א ]א8
K8H: µ
אN(.c5אXN6DNG3D¢£ "+'73א ]אg(אz DG
؟1 א1Xi%&] 7a7D#N.!א
KN« א ]א:
٦٩
!"# ()
KN«א$b] א8
KND7 א ]אµ
٧٠
!"# ()
KN« א ]א:
KN«א$b] א8
KN!א$b] אµ
אND7אN¯א ]אµ!6] אCDאiRG
؟#!אאGÂ8 JאN(.c5אNאYDN2 65 76.
KN!N4UH'73 Tא :
KN«א ]א 8
K8H: µ
gG17U HN(.c5 ]א4Tאµ!6] אCDאiRG
؟N &א]א6א א$%
KN«א ]א :
KN«א$b] א 8
KNW! Fא ]א µ
f אlא4 "אL27אEW S7אgG7jGDאאG
@_؟9CDd+N(.cGdGאאI s6
Kf אD :
KI א5 א8
Kf א$3. µ
؟f אGDN+אd+ DG
٧١
!"# ()
ND > ]אD7G5אgG17U HO ²5אf אW! ( :
K]א א!אz `
N"5 ]אD7G5*אGFO ²5אf אW!7[I 8
Kf >
K8H: µ
؟O ²5אf אW!gGf אGD¨@gDG
Kf אN " :
Kd אI7אX 8
Kf אNאH µ
؟i7Uא!'א2ª%ªBאGFU5א7+ DG
Kf א:
KN Y א8
K² אµ
؟-G@"!7lאN א75!א2ª%ªBאGFU5א7+ DG
Kf א:
KN%Gb א8
K² אµ
z `5א7+f אW!]79'73'אªBאGFU5א7+ DG
אא א!؟BNa! 5א#c5א]א79( א6Qz!א א
KN Y א:
٧٢
!"# ()
K² א8
KN%Gb אµ
i7UgG א6H_אאא²2א17UTªBאGFU5א7+ DG
!؟7lא]א79אd&GS
KN Y א:
KN%Gb א8
K² אµ
؟NYGאN}G H! אNG3UאGFU5 אDG
Reports :
Public Relations 8
Meetings µ
א א ]؟YDCDi(]א !אAB+CDאG
:אאH _א4G] 7(5אGhCD>א°4אNT א:
K! 3א
א<א17DX$SPאN4GJ5אs6א!א" ]אOHE7 א8
K@+$34EאL.7gG_א
^> .7 א: א, אf אC #! U_ א א!א] אº 2 µ
-G *² אB+ N%Gb< H gsR ]א!א2 , א1797! אB :א
K] 6 @א
ODf7a7½N9 ]א% ]אD7G5א !א¨אg(אz DG
@ "@''אN6DNG3D" א7a7D-אLCD! %"^אH
]؟97אKW
٧٣
!"# ()
KNGG א !א:
KN76( א !א8
KN! % א !אµ
5N T#!79 Fא7+ "H CD¨}'א73א !אd+ DG
א אא!א] אD + ! א !7D אCD D N%(6 H
"@؟D (2אא!א"@אX_א$.C@"W .!," אZ I (2 א.±!
KN76( א !א:
KN! % א !א8
K8H: µ
! אd+، +$(4] D7G5_אGR "א !אg(אz DG
! ، אf7a7DXAz `א*א7 אאHN97אClא
؟OGD }*א
KN 5 א !א:
KNGG א !א8
KNa א !אµ
NG(N(.c5אX] %5@אTC NH DQ6D*GG
؟g( אאB+' ،N6DN6D #²1>LG.#אN6D
Kd D K:
KdGGR K8
K! % אKµ
٧٤
!"# ()
QzN(.c5אXN 5א#!אאCD % bא !אg(אz DG
" ؟N 5!א7Dאa7
KNGG א !אK:
KN אN! א !אK8
KN 5 א !אKµ
؟N 5א !אCDN א !א]אCDאG
KN א ]אY5 אK:
KW ( אH!א8 (T K8
KN6DNG.CD] %5@אT' H Kµ
N6._ N "XN(.c5אX Gא#!>אI א !אg(אz DG
N6(אQG1>N(.c5" אHiD 2א1 אa7 "@
؟Fא1 אAB+i" ]אאH7Uא
KN 5 א !אK:
KN76( א !אK8
KNGG א !אKµ
؟N76(א !אN Tg(אz DG
K# 9N.:! K:
K % bNG אK8
K8H: Kµ
N6D #²_ N "X "Z +א !א@אאg(אz DG
" ؟+" א7a7DCs6}§אH،N6D
٧٥
!"# ()
KNa א !אK:
KN« א !אK8
KN אN! א !אKµ
@؟.אאB"HN אN!א !אi«אz 5G
K#¬N6D #²N "XN(.c5אXOc(G "!@- K:
NG3D7gG27 "Z '_ אא3HL " K8
KN6DN9
K8H: Kµ
؟N אN!א !אN+ אDG
K "6אNFאX_א$.C] D7G½O7¯(5אY K:
K "$}א א!א]אאz `אgGO7¯(5 ( אK8
K8H: Kµ
א7DXN(.c5א#!" אZ +א !א@אאg(אz DG
^iGUTאzאא،1 §אHN%-l %(TNs6D$b
؟N
KN! % א !אK:
KN א$bNa א !אK8
KN אN! א !אKµ
@؟.אאB"HN א$bNaא !אi«אz 5G
KאN"D$b " K:
KN $bVאT!אא7DאC¾ " K8
٧٦
!"# ()
K8H: Kµ
179:]אאא, א+" אאH XLl`א !אg(אz DG
؟4b אא+ א7N6D
KN אN! א !אK:
KN« א אK8
KNG א !אאKµ
אאYPH "H X א !א@אg(אz DG
؟d«א
KN! % א !אK:
KN«א$b! אK8
K8H: Kµ
אB"،d«אא אYPH "H X _א !א@א+G
!« ؟dUJ f7a7D7+ "7a7D'אª
K@ K:
K K8
K T אKµ
؟N«א$b! א1 3 אd+ DG
K# BDאN .! K:
KN7Fh K8
K8H: Kµ
؟N .א# B5אOH^>א- DG
٧٧
!"# ()
K"s-_א.5_א.G# B5אXN47א8 אK:
K"s-_א.5_א.GN .אXN47א8 אK8
K "6H^>א7 Kµ
א7.، "Oc(5א,_א.N(.c5אX*3א !אg(אz DG
؟N4GJ5אN(.c5אXf4אOHIא-(4f4אX
KN(.c5 א !אK:
KNG א !אאK8
KN( א !אKµ
؟NGא !אאABPB_א3 אDG
KENG א]אאB5אFN«א$b! אK:
KNGG א !אK8
K8H: Kµ
؟NYGאN}GאXND ]א2>אNG3UאGFU5 אDG
Public Relations K:
Reports K8
Meetings Kµ
؟END ]א2>אF#! %א7DJ.אCD1@א+CDG
KO3D אK:
KO H אK8
KO6U אKµ
؟ND ]א2>א#! %IאJ.א:H'2אXG
KL. אK:
٧٨
!"# ()
♦ ^א ]؟
]א ]؟%G.@+אd+ D ♦
٧٩
!"# ()
N4Uא f7a75א
٣ ND 5א
1<_אU4א
٥
E 6אCF
d &_אU4א
٢٩
E] )אF
¢ &_אU4א
٤٢
E! אF
LH_אאU4א
٦٠
END ]א2>אF
٦٨ @7 א
٨٠