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‫ א א
אو‪
OHSAS 18000‬‬
‫אدوאد‪#‬אو"! دאא אدא ‬
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‫‪$$%‬אد‬

‫('(' دאج ‬
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‫‪$%‬א)א‪*,‬ذא* << <‬


‫‪12‬א‪0‬א‪./‬אو‪ -‬‬
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‫‪%‬دא‪A‬א'ل ‬

‫‪/?5‬אقאو‪ B,‬א‪,‬א‪  /‬‬


‫ ‪$‬א'ل ‬
‫@‪%14‬دא‪A‬א'ل ‬
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‫‪ 2010 /‬م‬


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‫א‪ '('( W1,:‬دאج ‬

‫א* @‪WG‬‬

‫א*‪ 2010 / 1 / 19 WP‬م‬

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$#‫אد‬$‫אدو‬$
$OHSAS 18000$‫ א א
אو‬
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‫ م‬2010 / 1 / P*Q.5Z‫و‬

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‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻻﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﺦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺨﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻒ ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ‬

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‫ﺭﻓﻴﻘﺔ ﺩﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬

‫‪d%‬زو‪N5‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺿﺎﺀ ﺣﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻨﻲ ﺃﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻷﺗﻔﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬
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‫(' دو‪ 5‬د ‬

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‫‪/g1K‬א!‪ ...-V5Af-‬‬
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‫('(' دאج ‬
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‫@\'א‪  *h‬‬
‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬
‫‪ E‬‬ ‫ ‪ F‬‬
‫ج ‬ ‫@א‪M‬א @ ‬
‫د ‬ ‫;و_ ‬
‫!‪ $‬‬ ‫א!א ‬
‫و ‬ ‫@\'א‪  *h‬‬
‫ط ‬ ‫@\'א‪M‬אول ‬
‫ل ‬ ‫@\'א;لوא ‪  am‬‬
‫م ‬ ‫א ‪n QoU‬א‪ Q/‬‬
‫ع‬ ‫א ‪n QoU‬א‪ . 2b‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫א ‪p7‬אول‪W‬א‪Wb‬א‪/‬م א‪ ,‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪W(1‬א _? ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪ ;?W(2‬אא‪,‬و‪ V* J,‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪'!W(3‬אא‪ ,‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪!W(4‬א)אא‪ ,‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪jIW(5‬אא‪ ,‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪aW(6‬ودאא‪ ,‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪(W(7‬دאאא‪ ,‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫)‪1‬ـ‪W(8‬א*‪ /‬א‪5:‬א\ ‪k 7‬אא‪ ,‬‬

‫| و‬
‫@\'א‪  *h‬‬
‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫א ‪p7‬א‪W]#q‬א‪Wb‬א‪-r‬وאא‪,‬א‪ _Q4‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫)‪2‬ـ‪W(1‬א _? ‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫)‪2‬ـ‪%]'! ?W%W(2‬دא‪A‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫)‪2‬ـ‪3/?W(3‬א א
אو‪ OHSAS 18000‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫)‪2‬ـ‪W(4‬دאא אدא ‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫)‪2‬ـ‪W(5‬אא‪,‬א‪ _Q4‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫)‪2‬ـ‪.s?W(6‬אא‪,‬א‪O8‬אא‪,‬א‪ _Q4‬‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫א ‪p7‬א‪tV?W`q‬אא‪,‬ـא_وא‪5b‬אא ‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪W(1‬א _? ‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪uV?W(2‬אא‪  ,‬‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪G'*vW(3‬אא‪,‬و*‪ V‬‬
‫‪41‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪ wW(4‬ذجאא‪ ,‬‬
‫‪42‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪W(5‬دوאאא‪,‬و?‪7‬دא‪ 78‬ل א ‪ ? /‬‬
‫‪44‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪W(6‬א ‪M/‬א‪\7ab‬א ‪ ?U*4‬‬
‫‪46‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪
W(7‬قدא‪A‬אא‪,‬و"‪ V‬‬
‫‪48‬‬ ‫)‪3‬ـ‪W(8‬א^*א*‪?m?O? _k‬א‪p k* #‬א‪ ]\7ab‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫א ‪p7‬אא‪u\*#WGQ‬א*‪p k‬و‪*^%‬א ‪j‬‬
‫‪51‬‬ ‫)‪4‬ـ‪W(1‬א _?‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫)‪4‬ـ‪W(2‬א‪ J,OQ5b‬אא‪,‬‬
‫‪65‬‬ ‫)‪4‬ـ‪W(3‬א^*‪jI‬אא‪,‬‬
‫ ‬
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‫| ز‬
‫@\'א‪  *h‬‬
‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫א ‪p7‬א‪Wy?z‬א‪5**,:‬وא*
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‫‪81‬‬ ‫)‪5‬ـ‪W(1‬א _? ‬
‫‪81‬‬ ‫)‪5‬ـ‪W(2‬א‪ 5**,:‬‬
‫‪82‬‬ ‫ ‬ ‫)‪5‬ـ‪W(3‬א*
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‫‪84‬‬ ‫@\'א א‪ G5‬‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫و ً‪W:‬א א‪G5‬א‪ Q/‬‬
‫‪86‬‬ ‫"‪Wً #‬א א‪G5‬א‪ 5‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫@\'א ‪  am‬‬

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‫| ‪x‬‬
‫@\'א‪M‬אول ‬
‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬ ‫@‪1‬א ‪1@Lp7‬א‪M‬ول ‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫*‪#NE# MB#O‬אدو&א‪# &+& /‬ن ‬ ‫‪3‬ـ‪ 1‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫و‪SN‬א‪RP2,‬א‪E‬א‪PQ‬א‪$>$‬אد>אא ‬ ‫‪3‬ـ‪ 2‬‬
‫‪47‬‬ ‫‪E#/U #%‬א‪#?)T‬قאא‪#%5;.8‬دא‪ 7#/2T‬‬ ‫‪3‬ـ‪ 3‬‬

‫‪48‬‬ ‫א‪2‬ز&‪W‬א‪RP2,;%>/V‬א‪E‬אא ‬ ‫‪3‬ـ‪ 4‬‬

‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Y>/V)Z2‬‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 1‬‬
‫>‪#‬אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Y>/V)Z2‬‬
‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 2‬‬
‫‪F>V^#>%‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Y>/V)Z2‬‬
‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 3‬‬
‫‪#>%‬א‪E#>. %‬وא‪Y>/V2‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Y>/V)Z2‬‬
‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 4‬‬
‫‪#>%‬א‪`6‬وא‪ ._>2‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Y>/V)Z2‬‬
‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 5‬‬
‫‪#>%‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪ .‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Y>/V)Z2‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 6‬‬
‫‪#>%‬א‪b?2‬א‪ . 2?,‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Z2‬‬
‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ‪ 7‬‬
‫א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪ b.#%.‬‬

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‫@\'א‪M‬אول ‬
‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬ ‫@‪1‬א ‪1@Lp7‬א‪M‬ول ‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Z2‬دא‪>%$‬‬
‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 8‬‬
‫א‪ b.#%‬‬
‫א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪<Z2‬‬
‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 9‬‬
‫א‪-.b.#%‬א‪#1a‬ز ‬
‫‪de#27‬א‪ >.f#/28‬א‪[T‬אא‪%2,‬د‪R&#%Y>/V)U‬‬
‫‪66‬‬ ‫א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪*-.OHSAS 18000‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 10‬‬

‫‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫‪de#27‬א‪#>U*#/28‬אوא?]א‪-.>=,‬‬
‫*دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 11‬‬
‫؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬‬
‫א‪ & /‬‬
‫‪de#27‬א‪U*#/28‬א‪*-.F>V92‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪+‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 12‬‬

‫‪W>)E# M‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫‪de#27‬א‪E#>. %.U*#/28‬وא‪*-.Y>/V2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אد‬
‫‪72‬‬ ‫א‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 13‬‬

‫‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫‪de#27‬א‪`6.U*#/28‬وא‪*-._>2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אد‬
‫‪74‬‬ ‫א‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 14‬‬

‫‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬

‫ ‬
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‫@\'א‪M‬אول ‬
‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬ ‫@‪1‬א ‪1@Lp7‬א‪M‬ول ‬
‫‪de#27‬א‪,U*#/28‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪*-.‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬‬
‫‪76‬‬ ‫)א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 15‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫‪de#27‬א‪b?2.U*#/28‬א‪*-. 2?,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬‬
‫‪78‬‬ ‫)א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬ـ ‪ 16‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬

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‫| |‬
‫@\'א;ل ‬
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‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬ ‫@‪1‬א ‪1@Lp7‬א;‪ p‬‬


‫‪30‬‬ ‫!א)@سو_‪1‬دאא אدא ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ـ ‪ 1‬‬

‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪ w‬ذجאא‪ ,‬‬ ‫‪4‬ـ ‪ 1‬‬

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‫@\'א ‪  am‬‬
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‫א‪ k 7‬‬ ‫א ‪ j‬ع ‬ ‫@‪1‬א ‪  k‬‬


‫‪91‬‬ ‫@\'‪€Q‬א‪ ~';h‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬

‫‪92‬‬ ‫دא‪A‬אא‪),‬א‪ (#*,:‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬

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‫| ل‬
‫دو‬:‫
א‬OHSAS 18000‫ א א
אو‬
 ‫אو"! دאא אدא‬#‫د‬:‫א‬
 

 ‫אد‬$$%
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‫| م‬
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‫ ‬

‫ ‬

‫ ‬

‫| ن‬
 

ABSTRACT

The Implementation of International Standard OHSAS


18000 in Jordanian Human Drugs Industrial
Companies and their Impact on Human Resource
Performance

Prepared by:
Mohammad AL - arage

Supervised by:
Prof.Dr. Nagem AL - Azawi

The study aimed to revealing the Impact of Implementation International

Standard OHSAS 18000 on Human Resource Performance in Jordanian Human

Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies.

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed a

questionnaire consisting of (39) paragraphs to gather the primary information from

study sample. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) program was used to

analyze and examine the hypotheses. The study sample consists of (296) individuals

working in Quality Department in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial

Companies.

‫| س‬
The study used many statistical methods. After executing the analysis to study
hypotheses; the sudy concluded that:

1. The International Standard Planning Criteria implementation level in Jordanian


Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies was high.

2. The International Standard Process Criteria implementation level in Jordanian Human


Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies was high.

3. The International Standard Check and Correct Criteria implementation level in


Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies was high.

4. The International Standard Management Review Criteria implementation level in


Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies was high.

5. The International Continuous improvement Criteria implementation level in Jordanian


Human Pharmaceutical Industrial Companies was Median.

6. The level of human resource performance in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical


Industrial Companies was high.

7. There is a significant statistical impact of Implementation International Standard


OHSAS 18000 on Human Resource Performance in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical
Industrial Companies at level (0.05).

8. There is a significant statistical impact of Implementation International Standard


OHSAS 18000 (Occupational Health and Safety Policy, Planning, Process and
Implementation; Check and Correct; Management Review; Continuos Improvement) on
Human Resource Performance in Jordanian Human Pharmaceutical Industrial
Companies at level (0.05).

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>7#?i7a‫א‬E‫א‬#i/2T‫א‬0iUk‫و‬،0=)#<#K‫و‬0
‫=د‬#=.>/+‫ ن‬/&‫و‬0=)‫و<א‬0=)‫א‬8 z .

4i<#i‹‫א‬Bi4i‫د‬i)‫و*ن‬،4)iM‫و‬4i2–+ i#%‫دא‬i6‫א‬ti7#hwl<#5;C)H‫א‬

R/i i>
*;i%)T#i=75Si2)>#i‫א‬E#i z,‫א‬ki&%‫—*نא‬n]&4>.‫و‬. z .

Hi‫وא‬OHSAS 18000i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫دא‬#i 2‫א‬u‫ 


א‬5#€‫و‬.>=,‫א?]א>وא‬R&#%,

‫م‬# 2
‫]لא‬8k‫و‬.E# z,‫א‬+>=,‫وא?]א‬#5Y.%2)R&#%,‫א‬k ’k#/;

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 J$,‫א‬A$"%‫ل‬m$^O$?m$5$qA 7$Q$,‫?; אא‬V„%O;s،ً #‚‫*دאً ذ‬,‫وא‬

 W*‫א‬

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ً ‫و‬

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 ‫ &؟‬/‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬#NE# M

4|
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‫"‪R&#% Y>/V2U*c#

 Wً q‬א‪,‬א‪ 6N‬אو>‪ #>) OHSAS 18000‬א وא?]‬

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‫)‪ 1‬ـ ‪'!W(3‬אא‪ $$,‬‬


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‫)?‪ 2‬אא*
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#6,‬א‪a‬دא&א\&‪v‬و
‪#z7‬م‬

‫אوא?]א‪ Occupational Health Safety standards >=,‬ـ ‪ OHSAS‬ـ‪،‬و&‪


2%‬אא‪=6,‬م‬

‫‪m&n‬א‪+ً#>/?7=%‬אولא‪“$p ،>#‬ن‪.4#C8w‬אא‪>,‬א‪>
*4>V%&>7‬وא‪،r‬‬

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‫وא‪kt2?&H‬א‪#=> 5E# z,‬א‪;#‬وא~;)‪


/‬אא‪#z‬م‪,‬א ‪/‬א‪RP2‬א‪E‬א‪>A>/‬‬

‫א‪،6.29,‬و)ز ‪>
*p‬אא‪k‬אوא\>وא{‪#‬مא &‪
4/%.‬אא‪#z‬موא & ‬

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‫‪# 2
#5-zf‬م* ‪wm>n‬ن
‪&)c#‬א‪2‬א&א‪+‬א‪>
#‬א‪%‬א‪+ /‬א\אد‰‬

‫‪t#‚+47*j/U#%5‬א‪n‬אل)ن‪/?7‬א\אد‰‪>7#?7w#/‬و‪t/?5N#865‬‬

‫م ‪B#6‬א‪$‬אد*‪/?7k-.‬א\אد‰‪.(DeNisi & Griffin, 2005: 487)>$#/‬و‪p 5‬‬

‫|‪5‬‬
‫‪*kQ‬ن)ن
אאو‪de#27k4>w )<#‬ذא‪E#?Ž .e#$E‬א~>وא‪>#‬‬

‫‪#  5‬مو‪#NE# M‬אدو&אد‪#8  5>7‬ص‪،‬و‪#z7*4>);#2#5‬א‪[E#?Ž,‬‬

‫)‪#z7 /‬م א وא?] א‪ -. RU|) k 4 #, OHSAS >=,‬א‪$‬אد א‪
 + b.#%‬‬

‫א‪
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*W/)# ،E#?Ž,‬אא‪]8k‬ل‪w‬אدא‪r,.#M&z7%‬عא‬

‫وא?]א‪>=,‬وא‪-.l%2‬وא<‪#NE# M+4>/V)W‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪+& /‬א‪. ,‬‬

‫אد‪>7‬א{‪ .>o#‬‬

‫)‪ 1‬ـ ‪!W(4‬א)אא‪ ,‬‬


‫‬

‫‪w‬ن א{‪ l‬א‪  { ;#‬אא &‪#–+  iv 2‬و‪i‬א‪R&#i%Yi>/V)ZikiS i‬‬

‫‪#iNE# iM+OHSAS‬אدو&‪i‬אد‪i>7‬א‪& i/‬و*‪*-i.#i


U‬دא‪B‬‬ ‫א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪18000‬‬

‫א‪,‬אدא‪،& /‬وذ‪]8kp‬ل‪Y>f‬א
א‪l‬א‪ :>#2‬‬

‫‪w‬אد‪#8z7#Kw‬ص‪ =5‬אא‪]8k،‬لא‪]KT‬ع‪-.‬אد‪E#>5‬א‪N#%,‬ذא‪E‬א‪.i‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫א‪#5M#/,‬אوא‪#i=)#&2– il%2‬א‪i&6‬وא‪]92i‬ص*‪i5‬زא‪iMŽ,‬א‪E‬א‪.i>6,‬א‪i‬‬

‫א\‪،>#‬وא?‪
+R‬א
‪B#/#‬א‪#Ka‬א‪.;. %‬א‪.‬‬

‫א‪#z7R&#%Y>/V)Z2?-.l%2‬مא?]א>وא‪i#>) i>=,‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫א‪>=,‬؛א‪F>iV92‬؛א‪E#i>. %‬وא‪Yi>/V2‬؛א‪`i6‬وא‪_>i2‬؛א‪i%‬א‪a‬دא؛א‪b?i2‬‬

‫א‪#NE# M+( 2?,‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪& /‬؟ ‬

‫)‪#z7Y>/V)RU|)Z_>r‬مא?]א‪>i‬وא‪*-i.i>=,‬دא‪B‬א‪i,‬אدא‪)& i/‬א‪c.?i‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪ #1a‬ز(א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪iD‬د‪#iNE# iM+‬‬

‫אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪& /‬؟‬
‫|‪6‬‬
‫)‪ 1‬ـ ‪jI W(5‬אא‪ $$,‬‬
‫‬
‫)‪E#>r$Y.V‬אא‪#–k‬وא‪k5#a‬א‪ET›#?2‬א‪H‬ود‪. +E‬אא‪i‬‬

‫و?œ ‪W‬א‪V‬و‪E#n‬א‪4&z‬و‪RP2E#> .??6‬א‪E‬א…ذج‪،‬و‪-.‬אא);‪ :‬‬

‫א ‪j‬א\‪HO<4‬‬
‫‪$$"$$5 :‬ذود‪3$$/? $$*\7$$a%$$:‬א א
‪ $$‬אو‪$$,,)OHSAS 18000$$‬א‪k7$$‬‬

‫وא‪?m4$$‬א ‪$$V‬؛א*‪B$$U‬؛א‪$$ '/‬وא*‪ $$‬؛א ‪o$$k‬وא*‪†k7$$‬؛?א‪$$/5‬א‪b‬دא‪A‬؛א*‪~4$$k‬‬

‫א ‪$$  ('*4$$‬دאא ‪ $$‬אدא‪)$$‬א‪| 4$$‬א‪$$Q:‬א] ‪~ ?$$/‬؛אא‪$$/I‬؛א_‪$$ A$$‬א‪ $$2b‬ز(‬


‫א‪4$$@~ ?$$/‬مא‪ $$M‬د‪$$
$$A‬אدو‪$$‬אد‪$$#‬א‪ $$‬؟& ‪#ii=Y2 i‬א‪E#>iir6‬‬

‫א‪>6‬א)>‪ :‬‬

‫‪U*&T :HO1-1‬ذود‪#>?>e#nwT‬אوא?]א‪*-.>=,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬‬


‫)א?‪c.‬א‪w‬א‪5‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز(א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪D‬د‪E# M+‬‬
‫&?‪Z2‬د‪K(0.05)T‬‬ ‫‪#N‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪/‬‬
‫‪U*&T :HO1-2‬ذود‪*-.-.F>V92.>e#nwT‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‬
‫‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪D‬د ‪#NE# M+‬אدو&‬
‫&?‪Z2‬د‪K(0.05)T‬‬ ‫אد‪>7‬א‪/‬‬
‫‪ U* & T :HO1-3‬ذو د‪ E#>. %. >e#nw T‬وא‪* -. Y>/V2‬دא‪ B‬א‪,‬אد א‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬‬
‫א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز(א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪D‬د‪#NE# M+‬‬
‫&?‪Z2‬د‪K(0.05)T‬‬ ‫אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪/‬‬
‫‪ U* & T :HO1-4‬ذو د‪ `6. >e#nw T‬وא‪* -. _>2‬دא‪ B‬א‪,‬אد א‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬‬
‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز(א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪D‬د‪#NE# M+‬‬
‫&?‪Z2‬د‪K(0.05)T‬‬ ‫אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪/‬‬

‫|‪7‬‬
‫‪U*&T :HO1-5‬ذود‪,>e#nwT‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪*-.‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬
‫‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪D‬د ‪#NE# M+‬אدو&‬
‫&?‪Z2‬د‪K(0.05)T‬‬ ‫אد‪>7‬א‪/‬‬
‫‪U*&T :HO1-6‬ذود‪b?2.>e#nwT‬א‪*-. 2?,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬
‫‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( א‪#?<*+b.#%‬مא‪D‬د ‪#NE# M+‬אدو&‬
‫&?‪Z2‬د‪K(0.05)T‬‬ ‫אد‪>7‬א‪/‬‬

‫)‪ 1‬ـ ‪a W(6‬ودאא‪$$,‬‬


‫ دא  ‪*>.‬و‪n&z7‬ود‪،>7#‬و‪n‬ودز‪>7#‬و‪> .‬و ‪np‬ود‪.& 5‬‬

‫‪-.j7# m>n‬אא);‪:‬‬

‫א‪8‬ودא‪W‬א‪$‬אدא‪.#%‬ن‪#?<*+‬مא‪D‬د‪#NE# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ .& /‬‬

‫א‪8‬ودא ;‪#NE# MW#‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪# &+& /‬ن‪ .‬‬

‫א‪8‬ودא‪W#?.‬א‪,‬א>א‪P2?2H‬ق‪#1a‬زאא‪ .‬‬

‫א‪8‬ودא‪ W' /‬א‪  2‬א‪RP2-.mn#/‬א‪R&#%E‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪#>)  OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫אوא?]א‪>=,‬؛א‪F>V92‬؛א‪E#>. %‬وא‪Y>/V2‬؛א‪`6‬وא‪_>2‬؛א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‬

‫א‪b?2‬א‪ ( 2?,‬و‪*-.‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬؛ אא‪ >%$‬؛א‪-.‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز(‪.‬‬

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U|2)H‫א‬4)#>nR?B#U*E#<%,‫وא‬E#5%‫א‬k&%‫א‬4‫&א‬4)#>n+‫ن‬#?7a‫نא‬w

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Yi %2‫א‬hw‫ج‬#i2fi>A>5E‫א‬RP2iW #%2#5‫&م‬#45‫ل‬#\‫א‬S>$،ً#C&*RU|2‫א‬4‫د‬#/&

‫ذ‬w._>i‫  א‬i#5i$‫و‬%j?i>‫_و‬V?i‫א‬-.#
=y‫و‬#=nr‫مو‬%5> 2)#=7m/‫وא‬

#ً Ci&*Yi/V&‫ א‬i


‫و‬.E#5%iN‫*و‬E#<%*=‫دونא‬B;M -.‫نא\ل‬#a#5@>

j&*H‫א‬E#‫‰وאא‬/‫א‬k&%‫א‬c#
‫ن‬wm>n># 2T‫>وא‬7#?7a‫א‬E#‫אא‬-.

-i.‫ل‬i\‫نא‬pi‫وذ‬E#5%i‫•א‬i%5#i=>.b e#i‫א‬j=‫ووא‬،>r#,‫دא‬%‫א‬Z-.

 i
‫م‬i^Hi‫دא‬#i,‫א‬kiti>2‫وא‬i=D‫وא‬ji<‫א‬hw‫ج‬#i2E#i‫ אא‬i{E#.%,‫א‬

 :;.&#€E‫•אدא‬%5&mn#/‫“نא‬$‫{ אא‬/?#5#*.E#‫אא‬

‫“ن‬$;#2#5‫و‬،‫ن‬# &+ & /‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬W>)E# M-.‫אא‬Y>/V) .1

.#=>.>de#2‫א‬0> %)

.‫אא‬#=2.oH‫א‬E‫א‬RP2,‫א‬ .2

0. n -. .>.< OHSAS 18000 >‫ אو‬6N‫א‬,‫ א‬Y>/V) ‫ع‬r, j<V) H‫ א‬E#‫אא‬ .3

.mn#/‫א‬

9|
,‫אא‬k 7 \‫א‬5b‫ א‬/*‫א‬W(8 ‫ ـ‬1)

k  ’ WOccupational Health Safety Standards ‫ ـ‬OHSAS 18000 ‫א א


 אو‬

5#Na‫א‬V8k #%‫دא‬6‫א‬-.y#6\‫א‬hwl=);%& )#Kw+0z‫وאאوא‬E‫א‬B‫א‬a‫א‬

>=,‫ *و אאض א‬E#5#Na‫ א\אد‰ *و א‬E#//? k >#8 Œ  E#A>5 R$25 p‫وذ‬

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>=,‫אوא?]א‬k%6)E#&2?Y>f WV ‫?א‬m4‫وא‬k7‫א‬,,

B#6&a‫ א‬hw $#ra#5 & /‫> א‬7‫ אدو& אد‬#N E# M B‫ *دא‬Z2? b?f + 0=?)

‫ن‬7#‫ وŸ א‬Yf &V5 A>/‫ א‬#„‫ و‬E#  ‫ 


 א‬+ b.#%‫אد א‬$‫ א‬#„ >‫?Žو‬,#5
.(Dessler, 2008: 523)

W, /?‫ א‬C$* ‫د‬#‘w ‫]ل‬8 k B#/‫ א‬0>#) + ]?‫ *@ א‬b|) WBU*‫א‬

 .(448:2006،‫ون‬8Œ‫و‬،;e#V‫)א‬b.#%‫א‬kV~‫א‬

 >62#5 E#  ‫א‬+&‫دא‬a‫א‬E#&2?,‫א‬$# k #‫אمא‬2T‫ א‬W *‫' وא‬/‫א‬

.(85:2005،b
#M)>=,‫אوא?]א‬R&#%Y>/V)‫لو‬#%6‫א‬

4W< ‫ن‬p‫وذ‬K#9,‫>`א‬9 2>7‫>א‬,‫א‬E#‫אא‬B‫א‬w W†k7*‫وא‬ok ‫א‬

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#M) e],‫>א‬e#<‫א‬R5‫א‬2‫ذא‬#^‫>א‬P5>%>N8

k Y2‫ وא‬%‫ א‬. 5.V,‫ وא= א‬6‫د א‬#‫دא א‬a‫ א‬c]2‫ א‬WA‫دא‬b‫ א‬/5‫?א‬

،;e#V‫=> )א‬,‫ وא?] א‬#5 .%2,‫  א‬z7‫ وא‬b7‫א‬. b.#%‫دא وא‬a‫> א‬6) 2?

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10 |
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|2 p‬‬

‫وز&‪#‬د‪#’+0=2$%‬ل‪R&#%‬אوא?]א‪.(Dessler, 2008: 524)>=,‬‬

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‫دא א אد א ‪ B#6  WHuman Resource Performance‬א‪ b.#%‬و‪ 0=2>n]N‬و‪#1w‬زא)=‪0‬‬

‫و‪ 0=.  + 0= .‬א\‪Ž? f -. 0=) Z -. l%2. ;#‬و>‪ 0=)#‬א\‪>#‬‬

‫])‪7‬א‪.(161:1999،‬‬
‫وא‪%2‬אد
‪ً /2?-.*tN#>.20‬‬

‫א‪ | 4‬א‪Qb‬א]  ‪ W~ ?/‬א>‪#‬م ‪ # & $ /25‬א‪* ?Ž,‬و <=‪* #‬و‬

‫‪#=2A>5‬א‪.(Daft, 2001: 357)#%‬‬

‫אא‪ W/I‬א‚‪ Z /‬א‪$‬אد א‪ 5 + b.#%‬ل *<‪= -‬د ‹ ‪
* Y>2‬א‪l‬‬

‫א‪#/)?Ž,‬س‪.(166:2006،‬‬

‫א_‪   A‬א‪2b‬ز‪ W‬א‚‪ + /‬א>‪#‬م ‪ ،> %5‬وאœ‪ + Ÿ#‬א‪Ÿ K  5 %‬‬

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‫‬

‫| ‪11‬‬
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@ @òÔibÛa@pbŽaŠ‡Ûaë@ð‹ÄäÛa@Šb€⁄a

 $$$$$$$$?_ ‫א‬W(1 ‫ ـ‬2)


 V ‫?א‬m4‫وא‬k7‫א‬A‫دא‬%]'! ?W%W(2 ‫ ـ‬2)
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אو‬3/?W(3 ‫ ـ‬2)
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12 |
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kiT‫>وא‬i‫א‬E#i~‫א‬0&i);
& /‫אدא‬,‫دאא‬T>#T‫א‬E#>‫?Žو‬,‫א‬b5k

;i=6b5‫ق‬$c#
‫و‬0=>.y#6\‫وא‬0=)#7#>N+#=)# =kBœ b.#%‫אدא‬$];#‫א‬

‫د‬i6‫א‬i.8#=5&‫א?]אذ‬k o‫وא‬W‫لאو‬#{‫د‬6‫א‬N#/%$]?‫אوא‬

45#iNa‫א‬4i/„‫אد‰و‬i\‫א‬ki‫د‬6‫?]]א‬#5&# >5&?D‫>وא‬.%‫אضא‬T‫א‬k

iV)b.#i%.]?i‫وא‬i‫א‬R$)+ z,‫א‬#>‫*ن‬# .(326 :1999،‫א‬7)#=5

K#ikii>#8 i l‫و‬iy‫ و‬#%.ŒA>5R$25A>/‫אدوא‬$‫א‬b5k‫ א‬#%2‫א‬-.

 .(348 :1999،;.‫و‬،‫س‬#/)>‫ א‬# ,‫אد‰وא‬.4r%)

V ‫?א‬m4‫وא‬k7‫א‬A‫دא‬%]'! ?W%W(2 ‫ ـ‬2)

-i.y#i6\‫א‬+ v 2)>=,‫(*نאوא?]א‬447 :2006،‫ون‬8Œ‫و‬،;e#V‫)א‬Z&

i>.%‫>وא‬7# ?iD‫א‬0=2iN-i.iz$#‫]لא‬i8kipi‫وذ‬ki=,‫א‬Si.2+‫אد‬$‫א‬N

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>i‫?]وא‬i‫*وא‬T‫א‬A>/‫א‬S&%)kQ# .‫د‬6‫א‬#=>$ %&H‫א‬A>/‫ وא‬%‫א‬%>/K‫و‬

]?i‫א‬R$i2&‫و‬Ci‫ وطא‬i#5Wi2 2) i iA>5 #i=75Safety & Healthy Environment

ki‫אد‰و‬i.‫ض‬i%2‫א‬ET#i 2n‫א‬kib.#i%‫;א‬i f i A>5#=7w*،b.#%.‫وא‬

 .(Akaner, 2003: 23)‫אאض‬k#


.8k C)،>N A>5‫و‬،‫|אض‬55#Na‫א‬



13 |
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+@%i)‫دو‬i6‫א‬#i{‫ض‬i%2&‫*ن‬kiQHi‫א‬i&=2‫א‬4‫א=*و‬,>N‫Œو‬A>5R$25

‫*و‬i>)E‫א‬RiP)ki‫*و‬4/>i)>?i67‫*و‬i>75‫אض‬i*‫אد‰*و‬inkq#‫وא‬،4. 

 .Y.‫)وא‬2‫א‬42$،4. %5y#62nT‫א‬-.4)‫*ن)=د<א‬kQ&‫د‬#2<‫> >*وא‬z)

 

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kiiq#‫א‬E#5#iN¡‫ض‬i%2‫א‬kii.#%‫א‬Z‫ &وא‬/‫جא‬#27a‫א‬E#-.z$#‫א‬ .1

.&#<‫א‬E#.2? R$25p‫=وذ‬,‫א‬K#

+‫م‬92?i)H‫אدא‬,‫א=وא‬-.z$#‫]لא‬8kp‫د&وذ‬#,‫جא‬#27a‫א‬E#&#‡ .2

.>e#<‫א‬R5‫א‬2‫ذ א‬#^#5 %‫אد‰א‬nœ>27‫ع‬#>C‫وא‬S.2‫א‬k‫ج‬#27a‫>א‬. 

.K#9,‫א‬k&#<‫א‬Yf >.A>5b|2E#K#>2nT‫א‬R$) .3

.>r,‫א‬E‫زא‬#T‫> א‬.)‫ و‬%‫אد‰א‬nk\‫אدא‬$¢>#27a‫&א‬#6‫א‬W$ .4

 :>#2‫א‬#/¢،ً# =%&>N‫Œو‬A>5R$)‫( *ن‬Reese, 2008: 106) *‫{ א‬

، %‫ א‬k 4.>V%) hw ‫ )Žد‬m>n ،42>#27w‫د و‬6‫ א‬B‫ *دא‬-. ‰‫אد‬. M#/,‫ א‬RU|2‫א‬ .1

.#$‫א‬-2n‫*و‬0e‫œدא‬%5425#NwET# 2n‫א‬hw$#ra#5

N#%5 y#62nT‫ א‬-.  z,‫ < א‬-.‫ و‬،b.#%‫ א‬#r -. E#5#NT‫ א\אد‰ وא‬RU|) .2

.#ً C&*4e]5 5،F$#{‫ض‬%2&k€&T5#N‫*&א‬U|$،.


Ž

14 |
‫)Ž‪U‬א\אد‰‪>#27w+‬و*دא‪B‬א‪#  5 z,‬م‪w،‬ذ)  א~?‪e#‬א‪kq#‬א\אد‰‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫وא‪ً E#5#Na‬א = ‪ >.2 #‬א‪ >#27a‬وאدא‪# e#?8 k 4Uf # t/?5 ،B‬د& و‪l#&w‬‬

‫‪w 5 ، %.‬ن 
 א~?‪) < e#‬ن ‪ k‬א
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‫وא‪E#5#N‬א‪
wt/?);=$، %‬אא‪ .‬אدא‪& /‬وא‪#,‬د&و)*‪-.B#/‬א‪ z7‬א>‪،‬‬

‫ ‪ 1،p‬אولא‪
N502=) #%>q2,‬א\אد‰و)&*‪-.#
U‬א‪،# >#27a‬‬

‫ ‪ E#>e#n“5 —62f #‬و‪w‬אد )&א‪ #=6>#) k E‬و)|‪ k  -. #


RU‬א‪ >#27a‬وאد‬

‫אو‪/‬وא‪#z‬مא;‪.‬‬

‫‪kiQ‬‬
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T‬م‪ =5‬אא‪r,‬عא‪ :;.&#‹، |2‬‬ ‫‬

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kiB‫א‬i‫وא‬iN#%‫א‬kii&%‫א‬c#i
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 .Z‫ذ‬

16 |
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‫א<‪>e#‬א‪،#=)<H‬و
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)‪# >6)%‬‬

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) ‪:‬‬

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;‡‪E#5#N¡&#‬א‪M#/‰fH‬‬ ‫•‬

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#/2#5 ...R‬א‪n‬א‪#ً U‬‬

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‫و)‪...Z8*+W2‬א‪.¥‬‬

‫‪0> )&K&f‬و‪w‬دא‪d#75‬א?]א‪* z .kQ،>=,‬ن)‪6‬د‪Wr5‬א‪d#7‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

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‫و‬،0>.?‫א‬c.?‫א‬-. b.#%‫א‬t&) .5

m>}b.#%.>D‫ א‬t&2#5 (‫)א\אد‰وאאض‬K#9,‫> א‬.)kQ‫ذ‬w،&=)‫د‬#,

‫&Žد‬b% #‫ن‬# ‫“ذא‬$.#=0=>   5،>e#<‫ א‬e#‫نو‬92?&‫و‬،0=. ‫&Žدون‬

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 א‬.) #=Q،‰‫د‬#\4r%)‫ل‬# 2n‫א‬k&)&V54. 

><‫אدאא‬,‫&)ون א‬TV8 =*W‫ن‬.#%2&k•%5‫ن‬# ‫ذא‬w‫و‬،K#9,‫א‬4/„&V5

t&2‫ א‬ET#’ &f t.V2& ‫ و


א‬.0= . RP& t&25 p‫ ذ‬D#% kQ ،&‫و‬C‫א‬

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k >e#<. &‫و‬C‫ א‬E# >.%2‫א א‬Nw * ،] E# >.%) ‫א‬Nw‫א§ و‬K FV8 ‫אد‬w .6

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k 0=?67* &#‡ >6> ‫و و‬C5 b.#%‫ )  א‬e#‫ و‬k p‫ ذ‬R‚ hw ،6.2 k #*

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18 |
‫>¨ אو‬262‫=>وא‬,‫?]א‬.d#75*+;#*
‫و‬،‫>¨אو‬262#5‫م‬#>‫א‬ .8

.]?‫وطא‬M‫و‬E# >.%2#5W> D‫אمא‬2‫א‬k |2‫א‬%&6.29,‫ א‬%‫א‬W<‫א‬,

S>#)‫אعو‬7*‫مو‬#œn*&2E#.%,‫א‬Wq02&،#=‫א‬92‫وא‬#=.>.f‫و‬E#.%,‫א‬Wq .9

v)‫و‬V8V 7*W #%2) z&#ً >#*|K# 7”%&‫ط‬# ‫ن


אא‬w 5.H‫א‬E#5#Na‫א‬

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א‬DeCenzo & Robbins, 2005: 423 – 427) Ž&‫و‬

 :‫ل‬# %./?#5k C2) z*

E‫دא‬#iMa‫א‬Wir‫ ?]وو‬i#5Yi.%2)E‫دوא‬0
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19 |
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‫و&‪* (74 :2003 ،b


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אو‬3/?W(3 ‫ ـ‬2)

Occupational Health >=,‫אوא?]א‬0>>).?. 180006N‫א‬,‫א‬-. Y.V& 

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‫  و‬i OHSAS i_.V,#5#{&‫ و‬Safety Assessment Series


EN‫و‬Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems>=,‫אوא?]א‬

ISO .?.،ISO 10015..?. v‫د‬D#502=)H‫א‬Z8‫א?] א‬k.?.? 6N‫א‬,‫א‬

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.(455 :2010 ،‫وאد‬،‫אو‬%‫)א‬

21 |
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 א‬W&V) #=>$

 .B‫&אدא‬V)‫אوא?]و‬K#-.5#<‫وא‬V>?‫א‬

.5#<OHSAS 18000>‫אو‬6N‫א‬,‫*نא‬hw (456 :2010 ،‫وאد‬،‫אو‬%‫)א‬R &‫و‬

 :i5t‚)H‫א‬E# z,‫א‬k z*+Y>/V2.

.>=,‫دאאوא?]א‬w‫م‬#z7@>|) .1

‫א‬K#9, ‫ن‬r%2&<k& ‫א‬b 2=,‫א‬k0


R‚‫و‬b6y ./?#5K#9,‫`*وא‬.92‫א‬ .2

.#=2V 7|5.%2,‫=>وא?]א‬,‫א‬

.>=,‫دאאوא?]א‬w‫م‬#z 2?,‫א‬b?2‫א‬-.z$#‫א‬ .3

.>=,‫وא?]א‬..%,‫א‬#>?‫א‬W#=5#V)‫ن‬# r .4

.>#8 z /<k>=,‫مאوא?]א‬#z7 >œ?)‫*و‬Y>U2;%?‫א‬ .5



>‫ אو‬6N‫א‬,‫ א‬0‫& ود‬%) 02& 47*  (Dissler, 2003:528 – 533) R &‫و‬

+ ‫د‬,‫ א‬E#>2‫]ل א‬8 k i OHSAS i Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series

S<‫א‬,‫نא‬wm>n.¨>262‫א‬E#&‫|و‬5  e#<k C2) OSHAH>‫אو‬6N‫א‬,‫نא‬wm>n،E# z,‫א‬

+ b.#%‫ א‬b6y . ?D‫ א‬V~‫ א‬t/?& < #  ‫ )א‬2 < H‫ א‬l‫و‬z‫*و א‬

‫ض‬J6,‫ א‬k H‫ وא‬%6#5 jUn H‫א‰ وא\دא‰ א‬. -V%) >7#v‫و& א‬T‫ وא‬،E# z,‫א‬

H‫ א‬# ,‫لא‬nb6y,‫وא‬# 5v#v‫و&א‬T‫`א‬2^# >$.k‹j<‫|عو‬5#=‫]غ‬5a‫א‬

 .OSHAH>‫אو‬6N‫א‬,‫א‬R&#%#=Uf
22 |
‫ ‬

‫‪* (Armstrong,‬ن 
‪ c#‬א‪k &%‬‬ ‫و‪ k‬و= ‪2006:838 – 839)  Ž& Z8* z7‬‬

‫א‪#27T‬دא‪ E‬א‪ H‬و=‪ R&#%, j‬א‪,‬א‪ 6N‬אو> ‪ #= OSHAH‬א‪ RU|2‬א?‪ -. ©.‬א‪E# z,‬‬

‫وא‪ m>n k #=>$ b.#%‬و‪ Wr‬א‪ k &%‬א@ وאא ‪ %.‬و‪#1w‬ز
‪ .#‬و‪#/) j>5‬س‪،‬‬

‫‪*(311:2006‬نא‪2T‬אم€‪R&#%‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪a#5*/&OSHAH‬دאא‪+#>.%‬א‪/$،E# z,‬ون‬

‫א‪2T‬אمא‪#2‬موא‪  #‬א‪E#&2?,‬א‪a‬دא&‪“$‬نא‪#‬و‪•6~ET‬א?‪E#> .‬وא‪R‚E#$2‬‬

‫א‪t7#k‬א‪. <*ً#n#1;<]2 %‬و‪w‬نא‪,‬א<‪*t‬وא‪+l ,‬א‪Z2?,‬א‪Ma‬א‪+‬אول&‪%‬‬

‫€‪.n5#v‬א‪F5‬א{‪+#‬א?‪“$،.?.‬ذא‪ #%2&:‬א‪Wl ,‬א‪#‬ن'& ‪W<2&]$،.#‬‬

‫‹‪Ž?jf0
k‬و>‪ %$42‬ذ‪.p‬و{ א&‪*U|2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬א‪+.#%‬א‪k&%#5E# z,‬‬

‫א‪E] ,‬א>وא‪ .>=,‬‬

‫*ن
‪c#‬א‪k&%‬א
א‪l‬א‪-%?)H‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬‬ ‫و&  )‪(Robson, et..al, 2007: 340‬‬

‫אو>‪،#=>fhwOHSAS 18000‬و)‪ :+ v 2‬‬

‫א\ ‪ k &#‬א‪]8 k ،K#9,‬ل ‪w‬زא א~‪ V k V‬א‪ %‬؛ و)‪ >.‬א~‪ V‬אذא ‪02) :‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪w‬زא‪،42‬و)‪R$‬א‪%,‬א‪E‬א<‪>e#‬א ‪ v>9‬وא<>‪E#‬א? ‪tœ2W‬א‪.d>œC‬‬

‫)‪R$‬א‪«#,‬א‪=,‬א‪m>nkt#,‬א‪B#ra‬وא‪5K‬ودא\א‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫‪k>#8 %.ŒA>5Y>f‬א‪K#9,‬و–‪#k‬دא‪.K#9,‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫א‪N-.z$#‬א‪.b.#%‬‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫א‪-.z$#‬א‪E#.2 ,‬א~‪. z,#5N#‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫א‪-.z$#‬א?]א‪.>A>/‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬

‫| ‪23‬‬
‫)‪#z7Y>/V‬م‪w‬دאא‪D‬د‪.‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬

‫‪ .8‬א‪# 2‬دא‪R&#%,‬אو>‪+‬א?]א‪.OHSAS 18001>=,‬‬

‫„ &‪Z> 2$#U‬א‪6‬د‪#5‬وא?]א‪ .>=,‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬

‫*ن وא‪w  z7* E#/‬دא א وא?] א‪]8 k >=,‬ل‬ ‫ود )‪(Scholtz, 2005‬‬

‫)‪Y>/V‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪ :;)#5 v 2)OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫‪# 2w‬د<אو‘א‪B‬א‪E‬و‪#Mw‬دא‪E‬و)‪| 5>$E# >.%‬ن)‪ >6‬א‪k‬وאوא?]‪+‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫א‪. %‬‬

‫א‪@|5 %‬א‪k‬وאوא?]وא‪D‬دوא‪hw#=5B#)T‬א‪R&#%,‬א‪ /<k>r,‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫‪w‬دאא‪. z,‬‬

‫و‪.R&#%Wr‬وא?]א‪.#%‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫‪R&#% >6) .4‬א‪D‬دא‪#=5EB#H‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪.IOS 14001‬‬

‫א‪W-. %‬א‪#/‬وא‪#%$‬لא‪Ž)<H‬د‪hw‬א‪*5#Na‬و‪n‬אد‰*‪B#U‬א‪. %‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫ )>>‪0‬و^ ‪b‬و‪Z2?-.K#9 . >.f‬א‪* z,‬وא‪*ET‬وאא‪.E#/‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬

‫א‪Ma‬א‪l‬وא‪E# >.%)Y>/V)kY2.%5#2,‬אوא?]א‪.>=,‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬

‫א‪k |2‬א‪2‬אمא‪)#5b.#%‬א‪>=„B‬א‪E‬א<‪&#‬א ‪B#U*>9‬א‪. %‬‬ ‫‪.8‬‬

‫א>‪#‬م‪¨>2625‬دو‪k #‬א‪. %‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬

‫‪ .10‬و‪b.#%.©&)d#75Wr‬א‪D‬د‪E#>#|50=6&%2‬א‪k‬وאوא?]א‪+>=,‬‬

‫ ‪.0=.‬‬

‫‪ 7 .11‬א;وא‪+S>v2‬א‪k‬وא?]א‪Y&Kk>=,‬א‪E#n.‬א‪#Ma‬د&‪.‬‬

‫| ‪24‬‬
‫‪  .12‬אא‪E#‬א‪>,‬א‪#/*k>7‬א\אد‰‪.#=.E#>N)Wr‬‬

‫‪%5#2 .13‬א‪&#2‬وא}‪ ‰#‬א‪*>.‬وא‪*> >.<T‬وא‪>,#%‬א‪+29,‬א?]א‪,>=,‬א ‪/‬‬

‫)‪.#
V‬‬

‫‪$#U& „ .14‬אوא?]א‪W>qZ>=,‬א‪+b.#%‬א‪. z,‬‬

‫‪&V) .15‬و‪]8k#=>. m&f‬لא‪b?2‬א‪d#7 2?,‬אوא?]א‪ .>=,‬‬

‫*ن 
‪c#‬‬ ‫)א‪%‬אو‪ ،‬وאد‪(476 −  460 :2010 ،‬‬ ‫א‪+  ,‬‬ ‫و&‪(Scholtz, 2005) _r‬‬

‫’ ‪k‬א‪E#/.V2,‬א‪ .#%‬א‪6N‬אو>‪:;
،OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫‪,,‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪،V‬و&‪J6‬ض *ن)ن]‪K#Z2?%>/V e‬א‬ ‫‪K1‬‬

‫א‪>=,‬وא?]‪+‬א‪، z,‬و)‪k C2‬א‪2T‬אم‪b?2#5‬א‪، 2?,‬و)‪k C2‬א‪2T‬אمא &‪-.Y62‬‬

‫א< ‪W‬א‪E#%& 2‬א\‪>#‬א‪.Y>/V2..5#‬א‪>=,‬وא?]و‪>5W‬א‪.E#/.V2,‬و‪U‬‬

‫و‪،/V‬و‪$#.%‬א‪،b6y,‬و‪#*n#2‬مא‪K‬א‪ l‬א‪ . 2=,‬و*‪R8‬אً‪ ..5#<،‬א‪5%‬‬

‫دو&‪# C‬ن]‪. z .#=2B‬‬

‫א*‪،BU‬و
א&‪k C2‬א‪k&%‬א‪،E#/.V2,‬و
;‪:‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫)‪(1i2‬א‪&2F>V92‬א‪r‬אو)>>‪0‬א‪K#9,‬وא?>‪ .#=>.V‬‬

‫)‪(2i2‬א‪E#/.V2,‬א‪ .>77#‬‬

‫)‪(3i2‬א
א‪ .l‬‬

‫)‪5(4i2‬א‪wd‬دאאوא?]א‪ .>=,‬‬

‫| ‪25‬‬
‫&‪J6‬ض *ن )‪ %‬א‪ -. E# z,‬و‪ Wr‬א‪a‬א‪B‬א‪ E‬א‪ l=2?) H‬א‪ &2‬א‪ 2?,‬‬

‫‪r¢‬א‪ ،‬و)>>‪ 0‬א‪ K#9,‬و)‪ @>&# Y>/V‬א<‪ 5#‬א‪C‬و&‪ .‬و)‪ k C2‬א‪ V 7‬אو)>> و‚‪R‬‬

‫אو)>>‪،‬و*‪$# V 7‬א‪$‬אدא &‪.8&k‬ن‪W<hw‬א‪ . %‬وא‪Y$‬א‪ %‬א‪*  z .%5#2‬و‬

‫‚‪.#
R‬و‪k‬א‪J6,‬ض‪-.‬א‪# r z,‬ن*‪p.) 8‬א‪E# >>2‬و)|‪
RU‬א<‪b%55#‬א‪#/2T‬‬

‫و‪
*Wr‬א‪l‬אא‪>=,‬وא?]‪ hw$#ra#5.‬א>‪#‬م ‪
Y>U25‬א‪E#.%,‬وא‪.#=5y#62nT‬‬

‫و
א&‪*t.V2‬ن)م‪@>|25‬א‪a‬א‪B‬א‪E‬א~‪&25 N#‬وو‪N‬لא‪E#/.V2,‬א‪>77#‬و‪E#/.V2‬‬

‫א وא?] א‪ >=,‬א‪ .#{  e],‬و


 ‪#>< -. @%& #‬م א‪
* Wr5  z,‬א‪ l‬א‬

‫وא?]א‪>=,‬وא‪ U#=>.z$#‬و‪6>y‬و?‪Z2‬دא‪ 8‬א‪. z,‬و&‪t.V2‬ذ‪*p‬ن‬

‫)مא‪ z,‬א‪ ./V,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪5 Wr5 OHSAS 18000‬א‪d‬אدאאא‪>=,‬وא?]‬

‫א‪
* Y>f + #?) H‬א‪ ،#=$‬وא‪Ž?  C2,‬و>‪ E#‬و‪ Y>f E#>n]N‬א
א‪Se#y. l‬‬

‫وא‪E#&2?,‬א‪+ e],‬א‪، z,‬وא‪ e#‬وא‪D‬ولאא‪Y>f#=502&H‬א


א‪ .l‬‬

‫א‪  '/‬وא* ‪ ،‬و


א &‪ k C2‬א{> وא‪Ž?,‬و>‪ ،E#‬وא‪ t&2‬وא; وא‪،B#6‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫وא‪# 2T‬وא‪#)T‬ل‪،‬وא‪،Y>U2‬و<‪5#‬א‪Ye#U‬وא‪،E#7#>/‬وא<‪5#‬א‪>6>y‬وא‪V‬א§وא‪ #%2‬‬

‫‪ .#=%‬‬

‫‪ k $‬א‪J6,‬ض *و ً‪* $#  S&%) T‬دوא و?Žو>‪ E#‬و‪ E#>n]N‬א‪#9M‬ص א &‪& k‬ن‬

‫‪“5‬دאو)‪ >6‬א‪V 7‬ذא‪E‬א‪K#-.U‬אوא?]א‪V 7*+>=,‬و ‪E#>.‬وא‪Y$‬‬

‫א‪Y>U)hw$#ra#5، z,‬ذ‪p‬א‪S&%2‬و‪ >=?)E#&#P47]w‬אدאאوא?]א‪،>=,‬‬

‫و
‪-. %&#‬و‪Wr‬و)‪Y>/V‬و‪#z7E#/.V27#>N‬م‪w‬دאאوא?]א‪Y62&#€>=,‬‬

‫‪W‬א‪ OHSAS6N‬وض)‪*&#‬دא‪#z7B‬مאא‪>=,‬وא?]‪-.‬א‪T‬دא א‪,#>.%‬א‪42%‬‬

‫| ‪26‬‬
‫وא‪# 2‬د*‪
b?2#ً #‬אא‪#z‬م‪J6&# .‬ض*ن&‪ %‬א‪$‬אد‪#1w-.‬زא‪#=,‬مא‪UŽ)<H‬‬

‫‪-.‬אوא?]א‪W<W>=,‬א‪ %‬وذ‪l%25p‬א‪]8kB#6‬لא‪0.%2‬وא‪t&2‬‬

‫وא~א‪E‬א‪. e],‬و*&‪kً#C‬א‪J6,‬ض*نˆ‪p.2‬א‪E# z,‬א‪a‬א‪B‬א‪# CE‬نא‪]a‬ن‪E#.%k‬‬

‫אوא?]א‪b6y .>=,‬و‪>5‬א‪K‬א‪l‬א‪ .>=,‬‬

‫א ‪ ok‬وא*‪#>< k C2& ،†k7‬س אدא‪ B‬وא‪,‬א<‪ ،/‬وא\אد‰ وم א‪2‬א‪ Y$‬وא‪#%$‬ل‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫א‪ >>2‬وא<‪ ،>e#‬وא?œ]‪ E‬و‪w‬دא)=‪ ،#‬وא‪ .Y><2‬و


 )‪#> &f t.V2‬س א >‬

‫وא> א‪ E##>2nT  e],‬א‪ ، z,‬وא<‪


* Yf Z /‬א‪ l‬א وא?] א‪،>=,‬‬

‫و‪ @>&# &f‬אدא‪ B‬א‪ -. %) H‬א<‪ /‬א‪#œ?7T‬م ‪w d#75 W‬دא א א‪>=,‬‬

‫وא?]‪،‬و‪@>&#&f‬אدא‪B‬א‪-. %)H‬א<‪/‬א\אد‰‪،‬و)?œ> א‪E#7#>/‬و‪de#27‬‬

‫א‪,‬א<‪/‬و<>‪#‬سא‪ >.f +>.#6‬א‪#%$‬لא<‪>e#‬وא‪hw$#ra#5 .>>2‬א ‪l# 2‬و‪D#%‬‬

‫א\אد‰ و‪ ET#n‬م א‪2‬א‪ ،Y$‬و^‪ k 0œ) de#27 &* #UŒ S>6‬א\אد‰ و‪ ET#n‬م‬

‫א‪2‬א‪ ،Y$‬و‪# w‬ل א‪#%$‬ل א‪ >>2‬وא<‪ ،>e#‬وא‪ >#%$ -. > |2‬א‪#%$‬ل א‪>>2‬‬

‫وא<‪.>e#‬‬

‫?א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪#><k C2&،A‬مא‪a‬دאא‪+#>.%‬א‪J$k r z,‬א‪–E‬د€א‪#z7%‬م‪w‬دא‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫אوא?]א‪# C>=,‬ندوאمא‪B],‬وא‪ ،k C2)# .B#6‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪# r‬ن‪Wq‬‬

‫א‪E#.%,‬א‪C‬و&‪2‬ن<‪#‬د‪w-.‬א‪
B‬אא‪rhw$#ra#5،0>>2‬و)‪
Y>U‬א‪,‬א‪.%‬‬

‫و*‪R8‬אً‪،‬و‪]8k‬لא‪%‬א‪a‬دא&‪b>%)02‬א\‪#‬א‪R>P2 ,‬א?>‪#‬وא
א‪l‬و‪>5‬‬

‫‪#z7 N#‬م ‪w‬دא א وא?] א‪


 Y><) de#27 Br + >=,‬א א‪#z‬م وא‪,‬א<‪ S‬א‪RP2,‬‬

‫وא‪2T‬אم‪b?2#5‬א‪. 2?,‬‬

‫| ‪27‬‬
>=,‫>אوא?]א‬#>+ 2?,‫א‬E#>?2‫א‬B‫א‬w k C2)،'*4 ‫~א‬4k*‫א‬ .6

.>?%‫ &א‬P2‫]لא‬8k‫و‬#%‫א‬E#/.V2,‫א‬+z‫دא‬#w‫]ل‬8k

‫دאא אدא‬W(4 ‫ ـ‬2)

Wright, )#i=>fhwi z,‫א‬-%?)H‫א‬5‚,‫א‬de#2‫א‬kNF?5*+B‫אدא‬%&

l‫א‬i
‫ א‬i5#)‫*ن‬Wi<2&H‫א‬V 7‫א‬de#2747|5B‫دאدא‬kc#
‫ و‬،(et .. al,1998: 259

.(David,2001: 308)>r,‫א‬

i =,‫א‬W>ir‫א‬,‫א‬ki& i/‫אدא‬,‫א‬B‫ع*دא‬r ‫(*ن‬70:2000،‫ون‬8Œ‫ ;و‬z7)Z&‫و‬

‫אد‬i,‫א‬B‫*دא‬Z2?ii&fi>. ‫و*ن‬، z,‫א‬B#/5M#/5 2&47p‫وذ‬#?\‫وא‬

li
YifH‫وאא‬#?,‫אوא‬%‫سא‬#*-.،> .‫>و‬r 5‫*ن&ن‬t‘
 & /‫א‬

;e#iV‫)א‬i Ž&‫و‬. Ci$‫א‬i[‫ض‬i=‫ א‬i*kiWi 2£‫א‬E#i#nYi>f0Uk‫و‬، z,‫א‬

#i
‫אد‬B‫*دא‬i> ‫و‬i>7i&fhw-%?i)E#i z,‫א‬0z%‫( *ن‬228 ‫ـ‬ 225:2006،‫ون‬8Œ‫و‬

hw‫אد‬i$‫א‬BTŽi
‫ج‬#i>2n‫א‬Zi‫دو‬i$ i #i=.2QH‫א‬E#>7# a‫وא‬E#>.5#‫&א‬f‫ &و‬/‫א‬

‫ א‬i
B‫س*دא‬#i>‫م‬#iz7‫אد‬iwi‫א‬ti.V2&E#i z,‫א‬+& /‫אدא‬,‫
>א‬z#5‫و‬.&V2‫א‬

 :+ v 2)& /‫אدא‬,‫א‬B‫*دא‬Z2?&f>


*‫ن‬wm>n.b v‫دא‬,‫א‬

 2?> >z)>. %)H‫ &א‬/‫אدא‬,‫دאא‬a?>e‫א‬V 7‫א‬0


*n*>. %‫ א‬vˆ .1

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28 |
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29 |
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30 |
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implementation of occupational health and safety management systems in the printed
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31 |
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32 |
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Job Satisfaction, Motivation to Transfer, and Transfer of Learning: Perceptions of
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34 |
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 ,‫אא‬uV?W(2 ‫ ـ‬3)
 V*‫و‬,‫אא‬G'*vW(3 ‫ ـ‬3)
,‫ ذجאא‬wW(4 ‫ ـ‬3)
 ? / ‫ ل א‬78‫دא‬7?‫و‬,‫دوאאא‬W(5 ‫ ـ‬3)
 ?U*4 ‫\א‬7ab‫א‬M/ ‫א‬W(6 ‫ ـ‬3)
 V"‫و‬,‫אא‬A‫
قدא‬W(7 ‫ ـ‬3)
 ]\7ab‫א‬p k* #‫?א‬m?O? _k*‫א^*א‬W(8 ‫ ـ‬3)
 
@ @

37 |
 $$$$$$$$?_ ‫א‬W(1 ‫ ـ‬3)


‫د‬i‫אאא‬N#‫غ‬.5+‫ א‬2T‫א‬Y>f‫و‬،F5‫א‬J‫א<>א‬kY2‫* א‬k

 .?>e‫ط‬#7@±-. 6‫א‬ZV7‫ًא‬#6.

 $$$,‫אא‬uV?W(2 ‫ ـ‬3)


+b.#i%‫אدא‬i$‫א‬B‫Œא‬ki#i=>.‫ل‬i\‫אدא‬,‫א‬E#.%,‫אאوא‬%>/Kkً#<]V7‫א‬

hwi>#\‫א‬i‫אא‬-%?i)Hi‫א‬.Ai‫]لא‬i8k‫و‬،& /‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬#NE# M

#=i.>.f‫و‬E#i7#>/‫ א‬Wiq li=5 ،;i.>.2‫; א‬6N‫א‬d=,‫א‬mn#/‫مא‬92?>،#=5#a‫א‬

02i=&‫و‬،Wi<‫אא‬+i)#i 
#iz‫*وא‬Wi<‫אא‬i‫دא‬-i.i 2%& i‫א‬.E#>r6‫א‬#/28‫وא‬

_ir&‫
و‬#iz‫א‬Si&;i6>‫א‬R/%2#i$،ً#i> ‫ًو‬#i>6> ً‫א‬R/i%)#i=%&‫ًو‬#><‫ًد‬#6N‫و‬#=6N5

E#i‫ود‬،#i= œn‫
*و‬#iz‫אא‬i_ir&ً#i> <ً#6N‫;و‬V%>$; ‫א‬R/%2‫א‬#‫א‬،#=e#8


#iz‫א‬SiNE#i.%,‫א‬WiqiSi&Td=,‫*ن
אא‬# .Z8‫א
א‬z‫א‬W#=K#/)‫א‬

‫ل‬iN‫وא‬#
R?i6) i*k6.29,‫א‬#
‫د‬#%5*b5E#<]%‫א‬S ‫
و‬#z‫> א‬.fhw %&#…w‫و‬

.&V)‫و‬W<‫אא‬b?f+0=?)E##22‫א‬hw

i‫אא‬d=‫و‬،‫אא‬. 
c‫دא‬w‫س‬#*-.‫אא‬0> )$‫)م‬p 

i%<2,‫لא‬.\‫א‬%>/K‫و‬،6‫א‬#
z‫אو‬#5K,‫مא‬#=,‫وא‬،#=)#>r$‫و‬#=‫*…ذ‬p ‫و‬

5#?i‫א‬E#‫אא‬de#274>wj/
‫ذ‬#`>ˆ‫و‬،‫אא‬E‫א‬RP2b5RU|2‫طوא‬#/)]?6,‫א‬

‫ذج‬i…¢#i/28T‫]א‬i²i>= )t7‫وא‬#0> 2#$‫و


 א‬.#ً C$‫ًو‬T/<‫*و‬،#ً > %)‫ًو‬#<#6)‫א‬

 .#ً #/)#=n#C&‫א‬02>‫ًو‬#>. E#>r6‫وא‬


38 |
‫)‪ 3‬ـ ‪G'*vW(3‬אא‪,‬و*‪ V‬‬
‫‬

‫)ن ’‪ W 2‬אא ‪k‬א‪$‬אدא‪#?i<*+b.#i%‬مא‪iD‬د‪#iNE# iM+‬אدو&‪i‬‬

‫אد‪>7‬א‪i>#i*.& /‬אא‪+ iv 22$i‬א‪i$‬אدא‪#?i<*+b.#i%‬مא‪iD‬د‪E# iM+‬‬

‫‪#N‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪،& /‬و
‪.vQ0‬ن’‪W 2‬אא‪.4?67‬وא‪D‬ول)‪3‬ـ‪B#O*b/&(1‬‬

‫א  ‪E#‬א‪>#i‬א‪#iN+i92,‬אدو&‪i‬א‪#i +& i/‬ن)وزאא‪#i‬وא‪،#iœ2‬‬

‫‪t2‬א?œ א‪ .(#œ2‬‬

‫ول )‪3‬ـ‪#NE# MB#O*(1‬אدو&א‪# &+& /‬ن‬


‫د‬ ‫د‬
‫‪1,‬א ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‪1,‬א ‬ ‫ ‬
‫א‪ ~ ?/‬‬ ‫א‪ ~ ?/‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫אو>‪E##.‬אوא‪>e‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬אد‪#27a>7‬جאدو&‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫دאאوא‪> 2.B‬وא‪# v2a‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪< <45‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬א‪#>5%‬אدو& ‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫א‪ ,‬א‪E##.;5%‬אوא‪>e‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪* 3‬دو&א\ ‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫א‪E##.2,‬אوא‪>e‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬א‪E##.‬אوא‪4>e‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫ ن‪E##.‬אوא‪>e‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬א\>‪E##.#‬אوא‪>e‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫و‪;n‬ز&א>]‪;7‬و‪# M‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬אد‪>7‬א?&&‪E#œ2 .‬א‪>/V‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫א‪E##.>2‬אوא‪ >e‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬אد‪ ># .>7‬א‪>/V‬وא‪ &9,‬‬
‫‪131‬‬ ‫אˆ' ع‬ ‫‪165‬‬ ‫אˆ' ع ‬
‫‪< <296‬‬ ‫אˆ' ع ‬
‫א‪:,‬وزאא‪#œ2‬وא‪t2،#‬א?œ א‪ .#œ2‬‬

‫وא‪D‬ول )‪ 3‬ـ ‪_r& (2‬א‪RP2,‬א‪E‬א‪PQ‬א‪$>$‬אد>אא‪k‬א‪ %‬؛وא‪@D‬؛‬

‫وא‪ Z2?,‬א‪; >.%2‬؛ وא‪ `92‬א‪ t?n ; .%‬א =‪#‬د؛ ود א‪ E‬א~ ‪ +‬א‪6>y‬‬

‫א\‪>#‬؛ودא‪E‬א~‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&א‪ .& /‬‬

‫‬

‫| ‪39‬‬
‫ول)‪3‬ـ‪:(2‬و‪SN‬א‪RP2,‬א‪E‬א‪PQ‬א‪$>$‬אد>אא ‬

‫א‪4‬א ‪(%) J‬‬ ‫א*;א ‬ ‫א ‪ J‬‬ ‫א *‪3n‬‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬


‫‪ 24‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫@‪,30O?p‬‬
‫‪ 46‬‬ ‫‪137‬‬ ‫?‪30O‬ـ ‪  , 40‬‬
‫א‪'/‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫‪ 18‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫?‪41O‬ـ ‪  ,50‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪q€I, 51‬‬
‫‪ 65‬‬ ‫‪ 193‬‬ ‫ذ ‬
‫א‪yM‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬
‫‪ 35‬‬ ‫‪ 103‬‬ ‫‪ q#‬‬
‫‪ 56‬‬ ‫‪165‬‬ ‫‪  ;Q‬س ‬
‫‪ 15‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫د‪ Q‬مل ‬
‫א ‪‰ *4‬א*‪]' /‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬
‫‪ 20‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫?‪ 3*45‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫د* א<‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬ ‫ م‪%‬دא ‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪73‬‬ ‫ م
‪ #:‬‬
‫א*‪o7U‬א‪ ]' /‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫!‪
,‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬ ‫!‪ 5,‬د‪ A‬‬
‫‪ 16‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬ ‫@‪ ,5O?p‬א ‬
‫‪ 25‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫?‪ 5O‬ـ@‪ ,10O?p‬א ‬ ‫?‪A‬א‪?z‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ 41‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫?‪ ,10 O‬א ـ ‪ , 15‬‬ ‫א „ א‪8‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪ q€I , 15‬‬

‫‪ 20‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬ ‫@‪ ,5O?p‬א ‬ ‫?‪A‬א‪ ?z‬‬


‫‪ 39‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫?‪5O‬ـ @‪ ,10O?p‬א ‬ ‫‪G7‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ 24‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫?‪ ,10 O‬א ـ ‪ , 15‬‬ ‫אدوא‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪ q€I , 15‬‬ ‫אد‪#‬‬

‫‪de#27hw‬א‪ >.2‬א‪RP2 .;6N‬א‪E‬א‪PQ‬א‪kb/>œ2? .>$‬‬ ‫)‪ 3‬ـ ‪(2‬‬ ‫& ‪R‬א‪D‬ول‬

‫*‪$‬אد>אא‪*_C2&m>n.‬ن‪$*k%46‬אد>אא)אو‪ 30b50
# *jn‬ـ ‪40‬‬

‫| ‪40‬‬
‫‪ .‬و‪ Z2? . /?#5‬א‪$ ; >.%2‬אد > אא א)‪* _C‬ن *‪$‬אد > אא  ‪.‬ن‬

‫Ž
]ً‪*Tw ،#ً > .‬ن‪#&#‬א‪. 0=S‬ندא‪&#/‬س‪Z2?,#5Y.%2&##*.‬‬

‫א‪ j>5 $ ; >.%2‬א‪* de#2‬ن ‪2 0=v.U‬ن ‪ =5‬א‪D‬د‪ .‬و‪ € Y.%2& # >$‬א~ ‪+‬‬

‫א‪6>y‬א\‪+>#‬א  ‪>E#‬אא )‪*b/‬ن‪k0


%41#&#‬א &‪J)k‬אوŸ‪0=)8‬‬

‫‪+‬א‪6>y‬א\‪ , 10 b5>#‬א ـ ‪،, 15‬و‪RP2€Y.%2&# >$‬א~‪#NE# M+‬‬

‫אدو&א‪# +& /‬ن  ‪A6.j7#‬א‪J)H‬אوŸ‪ , 10 b50=)8‬א ـ ‪jP.5/?5،, 15‬‬

‫‪%39‬و
‪@%&#‬א~א‪$$#C,‬אد>אאא\‪ .>#‬‬

‫)‪ 3‬ـ ‪ wW(4‬ذجאא‪ ,‬‬


‫ ‬

‫א *‪3n‬א*‪GQ‬‬ ‫א *‪3n‬א ‪p_*4‬‬ ‫ ‬


‫ ‬
‫دאא אدא ‬ ‫?‪3/‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪V‬‬
‫ ‬
‫א‪‹,‬א‪Š„ t‬א אدא ‬
‫ ‪,,‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪V‬‬
‫א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א] ‪~ ?/‬‬ ‫ ‬
‫ א*‪ BU‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫ א‪ '/‬وא*  ‬
‫אא‪/I‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫ א ‪ok‬وא*‪ †k7‬‬
‫ ?א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ A‬‬
‫א_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز‬ ‫ ‬
‫ א*‪~4k‬א ‪ '*4‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪3) M‬ـ‪(1‬‬

‫‪ w‬ذجאא‪,‬‬
‫ ‬
‫| ‪41‬‬
‫)‪ 3‬ـ ‪W(5‬دوאאא‪,‬و?‪7‬دא‪ 78‬ل א ‪ ? /‬‬

‫‪P‬ضא\ل‪-i.‬א‪E#i7#>/‬وא‪iN# i>62E#i.%,‬אא‪#i 2wu،i‬دאدوא‪E‬‬

‫א)>‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬א‪E#.%,‬א‪t7#D#5.%2,‬א‪kz‬אא‪E#‬وא‪ET#,‬وא‪ e#‬א‪>%#D‬وא‪t2‬א‪> .%‬‬

‫א‪>/‬وא‪>5%‬א‪r€92,‬عאא‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬א‪،7#/2T‬و
;*دא<>‪#‬س‪w‬دא >‪u‬א‪# 2T‬د‪Œ-.#= > )+‬א‪k ’B‬א‪#2‬‬

‫وא‪#’+bvn#/‬لא‪r,‬ع‪.،‬ل‪-.‬א‪E#7#>/‬אو>وא‪&7#v‬א]ز‪# 2T‬لא‪t7#D‬‬

‫א‪. ;>/V2‬א‪ ،‬وو; ‪ % #=>$‬א‪ W5#2‬وא> ً‪ #=${ #‬و‪ #=)#7‬ود<‪ #=2‬وو‪#=nr‬‬

‫و„‪،#=?7#‬وو‪n‬א„‪ n#‬א‪#>,‬سو‪  #547‬وא‪&V‬א‪^H‬م*


א‪l‬و‪E#>r$‬‬

‫אא‪ ،‬و)‪.A* j C‬ذא‪ E‬א‪#>28‬א‪%2 E‬د و*‪– .A‬د א‪*5#a‬و ‪ .P‬و< و<‪j%‬‬

‫א‪*U]U+7#/2T‬א‪:;
،B‬‬

‫)‪(6‬‬ ‫‪ b5‬א?‪ 0‬אول ‪RP2‬א‪ `e#~#5 Y.%2) E‬א‪PQ‬א‪ >% >$‬אא ‪]8 k‬ل‬ ‫)و ً‪(:‬‬

‫‪$‬א‪.E‬‬

‫)"‪b5 (ً $#‬א?‪0‬א‪RP2;7#v‬א‪R&#%€Y.%2)E‬אوא?]א‪#i%5* (6)  ii>=,‬د‪? i>e‬‬

‫>‪#=#‬و )‪Ž (24‬א ً‪ .T‬‬

‫)"‪b5 (ً q‬א?‪0‬א‪RP2m#v‬א‪|5Y.%2)E‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪#%5*U]U (3) & /‬د‪#=i#>?>e‬‬

‫و )‪Ž (15‬א ً‪ .T‬‬

‫| ‪42‬‬
Yi2.4i5‫ل‬2?i”&،‫ س‬.W<‫وא‬hw+%,‫א‬0 ‫א‬J‫م א‬92?)‫&>@*دא‬#,‫א‬%)‫{ א‬

E‫א‬RP2i,‫א‬i nZ2?iS i +#i=‫د‬#62?&‫و‬،ً#>67‫ً*و‬#)#/UwE#>r6‫א…ذجوא‬Nk

.i*ji%/)‫א‬i>#\‫“نאאא‬$،‫س‬#>‫א‬t>#*‫ع‬2)# >$‫و‬.>./2?,‫א‬#=)#
#„#5Ž/2‫وא‬

#=Cii%5WCii8@>&#ii-ii.ً‫دא‬#ii 2‫;א‬ii# ~‫(א‬Likert,1961)‫س‬#ii>-ii.2?ii,‫سא‬#ii>‫א‬

‫אد‬i,‫א‬B‫و*دא‬i>=,‫?]א‬i‫وא‬i‫א‬R&#i%b#Ci€‫د‬#iMJT#5iV#=C%5‫و‬،#/28]

E‫א‬i6 &i%2‫وא‬Si>2‫وא‬،‫س‬#i>‫א‬E‫א‬i6i>eD‫وא‬i>.‫א‬#%2T‫א‬b5W ‘‫و‬،& /‫א‬

 .>#\‫אאא‬E#/.V2W0œ?&#€‫و‬$#ra‫وא‬l \‫א‬p ‫و‬،Z8*

 :k C2)B‫*א‬U]U+#
R?6)‫אאو‬E‫א‬RP2S27#/2T‫א‬j>5

>=,‫אوא?]א‬#>) ;
‫=>و‬,‫אوא?]א‬R&#%k C2,‫وא‬، p_*4$ ‫א‬3n* ‫ א‬.1

b?ii2‫دא؛وא‬a‫א‬ii%‫>_؛وא‬ii2‫`وא‬ii6‫؛وא‬Yii>/V2‫وא‬E#ii>. %‫؛وא‬F>iiV92‫؛وא‬

.( 2?,‫א‬

‫؛‬b.#ii%.;‫א‬ii5T‫א‬c.?ii‫)א‬kii]ً i k Cii2,‫وא‬،& i/‫אدא‬ii,‫א‬B‫*دא‬ii


‫و‬،GQ$$*‫א‬3n*$ ‫ א‬.2

.(‫ز‬#1a‫א‬-.‫>؛وא‬%$‫وאא‬

Z2?i,‫وא‬،@iD‫وא‬،i %‫و
;)א‬،E‫א‬RP2,‫א‬k ’ C2,‫وא‬، I‫א‬ns‫א‬o\7z‫ א‬.3

+i~‫א‬i‫>؛و‬#\‫א‬6>y‫א‬+~‫وא‬،‫د‬#= ‫א‬t?n; .%‫`א‬92‫وא‬،; >.%2‫א‬

.(>7‫ &אد‬/‫אدو&א‬W>)E# M

،ً#$ in‫و‬$#r
 w،4)‫א‬$+ &%)B‫א‬w%5‫س‬#>,‫א‬-.*‫א‬2‫א‬$ ‫ذ‬#,œ>27‫و‬

 .%5‫و‬0>2‫زא‬#>2‫ א‬/<³#&P‫س‬#>,‫_א‬N‫و‬،‚#>N‫د‬#w‫ًو‬#2>/v)‫و‬،ً#%q‫אًو‬VM‫و‬


43 |
‫‬

‫و)نא‪#>,‬س‪)$(39)k‬אوŸ‪Z‬א‪(5−1)k5#œ2T‬و ‪#‬نא‪#>,‬س‪ :‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪AQ I‬‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪ I‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫وא‪ I‬‬ ‫وא‪AQ I‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫و‪0r‬א‪RP2,‬א‪R&#%i 2?,‬אوא?]א‪i>=,‬א‪@>&#,‬א)>‪ :‬‬

‫‪,,‬א‪k7‬‬
‫א*‪~4k‬‬ ‫?א‪/5‬‬ ‫א ‪ok‬‬ ‫א‪ '/‬‬ ‫?‪3/‬א‪k7‬‬
‫א*‪ BU‬‬ ‫وא‪?m4‬‬
‫א ‪ '*4‬‬ ‫א‪b‬دא‪ A‬‬ ‫وא*   وא*‪ †k7‬‬ ‫وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫א ‪ V‬‬

‫دא _א  ‪$4‬א‪$4  E‬א‪$4  E‬א‪$4  E‬א‪$4  E‬א‪$4  E‬א‪ E‬‬

‫*‪#‬א‪RP2,‬א‪*iW5#2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪0r$i& /‬א‪@>&#,‬א)>‪ :‬‬

‫א_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز ‬ ‫אא‪ /I‬‬ ‫دאא אدא  א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א] ‪ ~ ?/‬‬


‫‪$5‬א‪ E‬‬ ‫‪$5‬א‪ E‬‬ ‫‪$5‬א‪ E‬‬ ‫دא _א ‬
‫‬

‫)‪ 3‬ـ ‪W(6‬א ‪M/‬א‪\7ab‬א ‪ ?U*4‬‬


‫ ‬

‫ ^‪ t>#* S.2‬א‪ >.2‬א‪ ،#{o m>nk ،;e#na‬و =‪ ،#‬و)‪l]28#5 #
>%‬‬

‫א{‪wkl‬א‪.#=e‬و‪>P5‬א‪N‬ل‪MŽhw‬א‪
*0)، 2%E‬א‪l‬אא‪،‬و‪$#=)#>r$‬‬

‫‪`$u‬א‪،E#7#>/‬و)‪،#=/&/‬وو‪ =?>#=2‬א‪5#=% #%2‬א‪V‬א ‪،)>/‬و‪u‬א‪# 2‬‬

‫‪+b92‬א‪D‬א‪t7‬א‪،>e#na‬و‪D#%‬א‪PE#7#>/‬ضא‪…*#/28‬ذجאאو‪،#=)#>r$‬‬

‫| ‪44‬‬
7#/2T‫א‬E#7#>5 >.2 (SPSS)># 2T‫مא‬.%.>e#na‫א\مא‬d#75‫אم‬92‫א‬um>n

-. ‫אد > אא‬$* $‫א‬Z $%, 7#/2T‫ א‬.A* W> D E# -. ‫وא\ل‬

 :6.29,‫א‬7#/2T‫א‬.A*

.‫م‬92?,‫سא‬#>,‫א‬E#/U‫د‬k |2.Cronbach Alpha #% 

.E#7#>/.;%>/V‫א‬W&‫ز‬2‫א‬kY2.(Kolmogorov - Smirnov)#/28‫א‬ 

$%‫ אא و‬.A* k 5#a‫ * א‬k &#>%,‫ א‬E#$‫[א‬T‫> وא‬5#?\‫ א‬E#V2,‫א‬ 

.>/?‫א
>א‬

.ANOVA k&#/2‫> א‬.f‫אمول‬92#5 F#/28‫א‬W‫د‬%2,‫وא‬F>?/‫[אא‬T‫> א‬.f 

:;)‫سא‬#> .ً#/K&fu ‫א‬،Y>/V2‫א‬Z2? 

2.33 k <* ‫ – ﺇﻝﻰ‬1 C69,‫)نאא‬p 5‫و‬

3.66 – 2.33 khwV2,‫وאא‬

.v |$ 3.67 k%6),‫وאא‬

 
 
 
 

45 |
 V"‫و‬,‫אא‬A‫
قدא‬W(7 ‫ ـ‬3)

 -!r‫قא‬7‫*( א‬
kibi ‫א‬ki#i2i/957#%2iT‫سא‬#> .
#z‫אقא‬kY2‫א‬t.V)

+i%,‫א‬0=7‫و‬iki‫د‬#i$a‫א‬i5،B#na‫دאوא‬a‫مא‬.hwb 2,‫&?>א‬2‫א‬A>{‫א‬B#C*

 .‫س‬#>‫א‬+>r‫د<و‬v *‫س‬#>,‫ א‬%#‹،0=&~‫א‬-‫و‬

i‫א‬t.V2&<$&*_>r2C}7#/2T‫א‬B œ”&‫*ن‬-.mn#/‫صא‬n‫و‬

bi ‫´دא‬.5<‫و‬،#=>w N2‫א‬uH‫א‬de#2‫א‬Nhw‫ن‬#A KT‫א‬+‫زאد‬#‹،#=>r)

 .(2)Y.,‫א‬z&،(%100)>.‫א‬5#œ2T‫א‬/?7jP.5‫و‬،(6)

 ,‫אא‬A‫("دא‬
‫م‬#<،#=<Nkj/v2‫وא‬،#=#><‫אد‬,‫א א‬%‫)>@א‬7#/2T‫*نא‬-.
‫* א‬k

‫س‬#>,‫א‬p#ˆ0>>)um>n،‫س‬#>,‫א‬E‫א‬6;.8‫قאא‬#?)T‫א‬Z#/28‫א‬B‫“א‬5 mn#/‫א‬

$k‫د‬6‫א‬B‫ق*دא‬#?)‫א‬-. 2%&#6*«#/7‫ و‬.*‫ن‬wm>n.Cronbach Alpha#?}

 #%‫“ن‬$p $#rw،‫س‬#>,‫א‬E‫א‬$b5p# 2‫طوא‬#/)T‫<א‬hwR &


‫و‬،Z8*hw

‫د‬#%j/K،&V‫= א‬5‫*دאאא‬E#/UkY2.‫و‬.E#/v.>&25‫ &ود‬Alpha

>#>< ‫ م ود <א‬k 0‚‫ א‬-.‫ و‬.E#/v‫אد > א‬$* E#‫ د‬-. Cronbach Alpha

+ T% (Alpha ≥ 0.60) %& >>/V2‫> א‬n#‫ א‬k k Alpha /#,‫ א‬0>‫†ص א‬

. (3  ‫  ـ‬3 ) ‫ول‬D‫א‬z7‫א‬.(Sekaran, 2003)>7#?7a‫مא‬.%‫دאوא‬a#5.%2,‫‰א‬/‫א‬




46 |
(3‫ـ‬3) ‫ول‬D‫א‬
(#6*«#/7‫ ) و‬7#/2T‫دא‬#%5;.8‫قאא‬#?)T‫א‬E#/U #% 
 (α) '@  /‫א‬  1@‫א‬
82.5  V ‫?א‬m4‫وא‬k7‫א‬,, 1

80.6  BU*‫א‬ 2
?m4‫وא‬k7‫א‬3/?
83.4   *‫' وא‬/‫א‬ 3
 V ‫א‬
81.3  †k7*‫وא‬ok ‫א‬ 4

81.0  A‫دא‬b‫א‬/5‫?א‬ 5

84.3  '*4 ‫~א‬4k*‫א‬ 6

75.2  ~ ?/ ]‫א‬Qb‫ |א‬4‫א‬ 7

78.4  /I‫אא‬ 8  ‫دאא אدא‬


78.0  ‫ز‬2b‫ א‬A_‫א‬ 9

85.3  p;#*,:‫א‬

i<-i.‫ ٍل‬#iE#i/U i#%€i#i5‫אدא‬W2ˆ-.


E#/v‫א‬E]#%‫)ل‬

(3‫ــ‬3)‫ول‬iD‫א‬k_C2&m>nK(Sekaran, 2003)iً#$‫*‚אضאאو‬Y>f-.‫אدא‬

(84.3)i
i>=,‫?]א‬i‫وא‬i‫א‬R&#i%€Yi.%2&#i >$7#/2T‫دא‬#%5*E#/U #%-.*‫*ن‬

-7‫—*ن*د‬n]&‫و‬.(83.4) >5Y>/V2‫وא‬E#>. %‫א‬%5M#/4>.&، 2?,‫א‬b?2‫א‬%54n

##*.(81.0) >5‫دא‬a‫א‬%‫א‬,‫ن‬# >=,‫אوא?]א‬R&#%€Y.%2&# >$E#/v. ><

(78.4)´i.5E#i/U i#%-i.*‫د*ن‬#i%5E#i/v‫א‬E]#i%b/2$& /‫אدא‬,‫א‬B‫|دא‬5Y.%2&

de#i2‫א‬E#i/Ui>7#whwR i&#i
‫و‬.b.#%.;‫א‬5a‫א‬c.?.(75.2)´.5#
#7‫>و*د‬%$‫א‬.

 .#=>/V)œ>277#/2T‫א‬#=6?)‫*ن‬kQH‫א‬
 

47 |
 ]\7ab‫א‬p k* #‫?א‬m?O? _k*‫א^*א‬W(8 ‫ ـ‬3).
،(Kolmogorov - Smirnov)#/28‫א‬B‫א‬wu‫אא‬de#27>rkY2‫ ‚אضא‬

de#27-.ً#/.UŽ)<H‫>א‬e#na‫ א‬E] ,‫א‬k‫אא‬E#7#>5.8kY2.p‫وذ‬

p‫@ذ‬%5‫و‬.E#7#>/‫א‬+;%>/V‫א‬W&‫ز‬2‫א‬$)#/28T‫ط
אא‬J &‫و‬،‫אא‬E#>r$#/28‫א‬

-. 4)< ‫ط‬#/)T‫ א‬6& ;#2#5‫ و‬،%5#2‫ وא‬.2?,‫ אא א‬E‫א‬RP2 b5 S& ‫ط‬#/)‫& | א‬

 .(4‫ـ‬3)‫ول‬D#5_r
# ،#=5Ž/2‫*وא‬m/‫
– א‬#z‫א‬R?6)

(4‫ـ‬3) ‫ول‬
‫אא‬E‫א‬RP2,;%>/V‫א‬W&‫ز‬2‫א‬
t*‫א‬ Sig.G Kolmogorov – Smirnov 3n* ‫א‬ 1@‫א‬

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.058 2.718  V ‫?א‬m4‫وא‬k7‫א‬,, 1

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.079 2.512  BU*‫א‬ 2

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.050 1.358   *‫' وא‬/‫א‬ 3

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.157 1.127  †k7*‫وא‬ok ‫א‬ 4

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.062 2.431  A‫دא‬b‫א‬/5‫?א‬ 5

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.116 2.987  '*4 ‫~א‬4k*‫א‬ 6

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.092 2.933  ~ ?/ ]‫א‬Q:‫ |א‬4‫א‬ 7

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.087 2.806  /I‫אא‬  8

]/‫א‬G‫א* ز‬G* 0.086 1.253  ‫ز‬2b‫ א‬A_‫א‬  9


 K0.05<‫نאز ًذא ن א‬G

W&‫ز‬2‫ א‬t?7 j7#  m>n .;%>/V‫ א‬W&‫ز‬2‫ א‬W/2) j7#  E‫א‬RP2,‫ א‬W>q ‫ *ن‬b/2&

‫>{ אא‬e#na‫א‬D#%,‫א‬+ 2%,‫א‬Z2?,‫( و


א‬0.05) k *E#5#a‫; א‬%>/V‫א‬

(2.987)b5jn‫دאא)אو‬#%5;%>/V‫א‬W&‫ز‬2‫_*ن<> א‬C2&m>n .(Sekaran, 2003)


48 |
‫‪ b?2.‬א‪  2?,‬و )‪ `6. (1.127‬وא‪ ._>2‬و*ن *‪#%5‬د א‪ 7#/2T‬אد  ‪#=%>q j7#‬‬

‫^‪2.WC‬ز&‪W‬א‪.;%>/V‬و
א &ل‪-.‬א‪#/)a‬طא‪RP2b5>D‬א‪E‬אאא‪.2?,‬وא‪،%5#2‬‬

‫وא &Ž *نא‪


b5<]%‬א‪RP2,‬א‪#{E‬א‪R?6)-.‬א‪ .#=>5# >$RU|2‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫@ @‬

‫| ‪49‬‬
@ @
@ @Éia‹Ûa@Ý—€Ð€Ûa
@ @pbîš‹ÐÛa@Šbjn‚aë@ÝîÜznÛa@wöbnã
@ @
 ?_ ‫א‬W(1 ‫ ـ‬4)
 ,‫ אא‬J,OQ5b‫א‬W(2 ‫ ـ‬4)
 ,‫אא‬jI*^‫א‬W(3 ‫ ـ‬4)
















50 |
 $$$$$$$$?_ ‫א‬W(1 ‫ ـ‬4)
ki،>6iN‫>א‬e#ina‫א‬t>#iT‫•א‬i%5‫אم‬92i‫א‬de#27‫ض‬hw 6‫
אא‬l=& 

OHSAS 18000i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫א‬R&#i%Y>/V)Z‫ل‬n‫אد>אא‬$*B‫> Œא‬.f‫]ل‬8

u‫و‬،‫ن‬#i i&+& i/‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬#NE# M+& /‫אدא‬,‫א‬B‫*دא‬-.#


U*‫و‬

،E#&2?ii,‫&א‬ii2>5#?i \‫طא‬#ii‫وאو‬ii&A,‫א‬t?ii‫אوא‬ii2‫א‬Wii&‫ز‬2‫אولא‬ii‫אم‬92ii‫א‬

#ً i$‫و‬،‫אא‬E‫א‬RP2;VP)b>? >ek&–de#2‫ضא‬u<‫و‬.&#>%,‫א‬E#$‫[א‬T‫وא‬

 :;)¶

 ,‫ אא‬J,OQ5b‫א‬
,‫אא‬jI*^‫א‬

51 |
‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪W(2‬א‪ J,OQ5b‬אא‪,‬‬
‫א‪L4‬אلא‪:‬ول‪3/? ‰??W‬א א
אو‪#>)OHSAS 18000‬אوא?]‬

‫א‪>=,‬؛א‪F>V92‬؛א‪E#>. %‬وא‪Y>/V2‬؛א‪`6‬وא‪_>2‬؛א‪%‬א‪a‬دא؛א‪b?i2‬א‪( 2?i,‬‬

‫‪G7$$$$‬אدو‪$$‬אد‪$$#‬א‪$$‬؟‪=$$!O$$$Q5‬אא‪L4$$‬אل@‪$$‬مא‪c%Ž$$*\.t*Q`$$a‬‬

‫‪O? 'v‬א‪ J,‬א ‪ W‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ]אول‪,, ‰??W‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪G7V‬אدوאد‪#‬‬

‫א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪6‬و?‪Z2‬א‪D#5_r
# ،Y>/V2‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(1‬‬

‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(1‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪#>Y>/V)Z2‬א‬

‫وא?]א‪ >=,‬‬

‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫‪,,‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬
‫א*  ‬ ‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫)Ž ‪wii‬دאא‪-ii.  i‬א‪ii2T‬אمא‪#ii2‬م€‪R&#ii%‬א‪ii‬‬


‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.62‬‬ ‫‪4.36‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬
‫وא?]א‪>=,‬אد‪ #ً 6.‬‬
‫)‪ii2.‬م‪w‬دאא ‪E#%& i 2#5  i‬א‪R&#ii%Yii>/V2ii.,‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪4.29‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬
‫אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫)=‪w02‬دאא  ‪#5‬وא‪E‬א‪R&#i%€>i92‬א‪i‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪4.35‬‬ ‫‪  3‬وא?]א‪>=,‬وא‪Si&%2li=)H‬א‪i>
|5b6yi,‬‬
‫‪R&#%‬אوא?]א‪+>=,‬א‪  %‬‬
‫‪R&#%‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬א‪i %,‬ل‪+#i=5‬א‪  i‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.61‬‬ ‫‪4.37‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪U‬و‪  #   5/V‬‬

‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪4.34‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬


‫‬
‫| ‪52‬‬
‫& ‪ R‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪ #> Y>/V) Z2? hw (1‬א وא?] א‪E# M + >=,‬‬

‫)>‪ W‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪) m>n ،>7‬אو‪ jn‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪،(4.37 i 4.29) b5 >5#‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‪#>Y>/V2‬אوא?]א‪>=,‬א‪m>n.(4.34)´#/‬‬

‫‪ EB#‬א‪ 6‬א‪ R&#%" -. `) H‬א وא?] א‪ >=,‬א‪ %,‬ل ‪ + #=5‬א   ‪U‬‬

‫و‪ + " #   5 /V‬א‪ /),‬אو‪ (4.37) ;5#?n F2€ h‬وא[א‪(0.61) ´.5 #>% l‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪.‬و‪2.)"$j.n‬م‪w‬دאא  ‬

‫‪E#%& 2#5‬א‪R&#%Y>/V2.,‬אوא?]א‪-. ">=,‬א‪/),‬אא‪ %5‬وא‪F2€R8‬‬

‫‪ (4.29);5#?n‬وא[א‪ W7#,#5 (0.74)´.5#>%l‬א‪ F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م وא‪[T‬א‪l‬‬

‫א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪ ،‬و&‪ %‬ذ‪* p‬ن ‪ W>) E# M‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪#  5 2. >7‬ل‬

‫‪R&#%Y>/V)E#%& 25‬אوא?]א‪.>=,‬و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن)‪#>Y>/V‬א‬

‫وא?]א‪W>)E# M+>=,‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫ ‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ] א‪ B‘/? ‰?? W]#q‬א א


אو ‪  OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪6‬و?‪Z2‬א‪D#5_r
# ،Y>/V2‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(2‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪53‬‬
‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(2‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪F>V^#>%Y>/V)Z2‬‬

‫א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬

‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫‘‪B‬א א
אو ‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬
‫א*  ‬ ‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫)‪ #%2‬א  ‪R&#%W‬אوא‪]?i‬א‪-i.i>=,‬‬


‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬ ‫‪0.88‬‬ ‫‪3.76‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬
‫*‪#‬س*‪kB#=7‬א~‪V‬א‪JT‬א)>œ> ‬
‫*
‪ii‬א‪l‬و>‪E#ii#‬א‪ii‬وא‪]?ii‬א‪+ii>=,‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.53‬‬ ‫‪4.00‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬‬
‫א  ‪Z=6‬א‪ b.#%‬‬
‫)‪ii2.‬مא‪ii5  ii‬א‪wd‬دאא‪ii‬وא‪]?ii‬א‪ii>=,‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪3.95‬‬ ‫‪ 7‬‬
‫אد‪ #ً 6.‬‬
‫)‪2.‬مא  ‪E#/..V2,#5‬א‪a>77#‬دאאوא?]‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪3.89‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫و)م‪ #{F>V92#5‬‬

‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪3.90‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫& ‪R‬א‪D‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪F>V^#>%Y>/V)Z2?hw(2‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪W>)E# M+‬‬

‫אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪)m>n،>7‬אو‪jn‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪W7#,#5،(4.00i 3.76)b5>5#‬‬

‫א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‪F>V^#>%Y>/V)Z2?,‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>א‪EB#m>n.(3.90)´#/‬‬

‫א‪ 6‬א‪
* " -. `) H‬א‪ l‬و>‪ E##‬א وא?] א‪ + >=,‬א   ‪Z =6‬‬

‫א‪ + "b.#%‬א‪ /),‬א‪T‬و‪ (4.00) ;5#?n F2€ h‬وא[א‪W 7#,#5 (0.53) ´.5 #>% l‬‬

‫א‪ F2,‬א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م وא‪[T‬א‪ l‬א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪ .‬و‪ #%2)" $ j.n‬א   ‪R&#% W‬‬

‫א وא?] א‪#* -. >=,‬س *‪ k B #=7‬א~‪ V‬א‪JT‬א)>œ>" ‪ -.‬א‪ /),‬אא‪%5‬‬

‫وא‪ (3.76);5#?nF2€R8‬وא[א‪W7#,#5 (0.88)´.5#>%l‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬‬

‫א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪،‬و&‪%‬ذ‪*p‬نא  ‪W 2’E#‬אא)|‪R&#%z#5 8‬‬

‫אوא?]א‪>=,‬א>‪#‬م‪#=2V8Wr5‬א‪JT‬א)>œ>‪،‬و*‪.#=2V8k*œ2&TB#=7‬‬
‫| ‪54‬‬
‫و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن?‪F>V^#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&‬

‫א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ]א‪/? ‰??W`q‬א‪ '/‬وא*  ' א


אو ‪OHSAS 18000‬‬
‫‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪6‬و?‪Z2‬א‪D#5_r
# ،Y>/V2‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(3‬‬

‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(3‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪E#>. %‬‬

‫وא‪Y>/V2‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬

‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫א@‪ '  1‬وא* א א
אو ‬
‫א*  ‬ ‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫ א   
> وא‪ _r‬و?Žو>‪– E#‬د ‪# >$‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪3.90‬‬ ‫‪ 9‬‬
‫&‪“5Y.%2‬دאאوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫)م א   ‪ 2#5‬א ‪ t&25‬א‪ b.#%‬و)>‪0=2‬‬
‫?* ‪ B,‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪3.61‬‬ ‫‪ 10‬‬
‫€‪R&#%‬אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫ˆ‪ p.2‬א   א‪ k &%‬א‪a‬א‪B‬א‪ET#n + E‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.85‬‬ ‫‪3.83‬‬ ‫‪ 11‬‬
‫א‪V‬א§א‪#5.%2,‬وא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫ א   ‪ -. >% >5#< R&#%‬א‪Ye#U‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.93‬‬ ‫‪3.81‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫وא‪E#7#>/‬א~‪R&#%€N#‬אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬

‫‪0.58‬‬ ‫‪3.79‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫&‪ _r‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪ #>% Y>/V) Z2? (3‬א‪ E#>. %‬وא‪ Y>/V2‬א‪,‬א‪ 6N‬אو> ‪+‬‬

‫‪ W>) E# M‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪) m>n ،>7‬אو‪ jn‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪i 3.61) b5 >5#‬‬

‫‪ W 7#,#5 ،(3.90‬א‪ F2,‬א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م ‪ #>% Y>/V2‬א‪ E#>. %‬وא‪ Y>/V2‬א‪,‬א‪ 6N‬אو>‬

‫| ‪55‬‬
‫א‪EB# $.(3.79)´#/‬א‪6‬א‪ Z"-.`)H‬א  
> وא‪_r‬و?Žو>‪–E#‬د‬

‫‪“5 Y.%2& # >$‬دא א وא?]א‪ + ">=,‬א‪ /),‬אو‪ (3.90);5#?nF2€ h‬وא[א‪l‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5 (0.67)´.5#>%‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪j.n# >$.‬‬

‫‪#><" $‬م א   ‪ 2#5‬א ‪ t&25‬א‪ b.#%‬و)>‪ R&#%€ 0=2‬א وא?] א‪-. ">=,‬‬

‫א‪ /),‬אא‪ %5‬وא‪ (3.61) ;5#?n F2€ R8‬وא[א‪W 7#,#5 (0.80) ´.5 #>% l‬‬

‫א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪،‬و&‪%‬ذ‪*p‬ن)>‪W‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪>7‬‬

‫‪k‬و=‪$*z7‬אد>אא‪t&2>$# >
* ;V%&T‬א‪R&#%-.b.#%‬א‬

‫وא?]א‪ .>=,‬و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن?‪#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪E#>. %‬وא‪ .Y>/V2‬א‪6N‬אو>‬

‫‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ]אא‪/? ‰??WGQ‬א ‪ok‬وא*‪ ' †k7‬א


אو‪OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪6‬و?‪Z2‬א‪D#5_r
# ،Y>/V2‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(4‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪56‬‬
‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(4‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪`6‬‬

‫وא‪ ._>2‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬

‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫‪okI‬و‪†k7‬א א
אو ‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬
‫א*  ‬ ‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫)مא‪a‬دא‪#>5‬س*دא‪d#i75B‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪4.41‬‬ ‫‪ 13‬‬
‫‪W>q+‬א<?‪#‬م ‬
‫)‪ii 2%‬א‪a‬دא‪ii%2t>#ii*-ii.‬د‪+‬א\‪ii‬ل‪-ii.‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0.88‬‬ ‫‪4.10‬‬ ‫‪  14‬א‪E#.%,‬א]ز‪R&#i%€Yi.%2&#i >$#i=2>#%$F>iV92‬‬
‫אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫)‪2.‬م‪w‬دאא  ‪`6#i5‬وא‪a_>i2‬دא‪#=)]œi‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬ ‫‪3.91‬‬ ‫‪ 15‬‬
‫א‪5.%2,‬א‪d‬אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬
‫)‪ 2%‬א‪a‬دא‪ +‬א   ‪-.‬א‪t>#‬א‪#i>>e#na‬س‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.60‬‬ ‫‪4.13‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫وא<‪/‬א\אد‰ ‬

‫‪0.63‬‬ ‫‪4.14‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫&‪ =z‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪ #>% Y>/V) Z2? (4‬א‪ `6‬وא‪ . _>2‬א‪ 6N‬אو> ‪+‬‬

‫‪ W>) E# M‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪) m>n ،>7‬אو‪ jn‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪i 3.91) b5 >5#‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5،(4.41‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‪#>% Y>/V2‬א‪`6‬وא‪ . _>2‬א‪ 6N‬אو>‬

‫א‪EB#$.(4.14)´#/‬א‪6‬א‪#><"-.`)H‬م א‪a‬دא‪#>5‬س*دא‪d#75B‬אوא?]‬

‫א‪W>q+>=,‬א<?‪#‬م"‪+‬א‪/),‬אو‪(4.41);5#?nF2€h‬وא[א‪(0.69)´.5#>%l‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪.‬و‪2.)$j.n‬م‪w‬دאא  ‬

‫‪ `6#5‬وא‪a _>2‬دא œ])=‪ #‬א‪/5 .%2,‬א‪ d‬א وא?] א‪ -. ">=,‬א‪/),‬‬

‫א~‪ ?#‬وא‪ (3.91);5#?nF2€R8‬وא[א‪W7#,#5 (0.91)´.5#>%l‬א‪F2,‬‬

‫א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م وא‪[T‬א‪ l‬א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪ ،‬و


 א‪ -.  Ž) œ>2‬א‪# 2
T‬م ‪w /< k‬دאא‪E‬‬

‫| ‪57‬‬
‫א  ‪`6#5E#‬وא‪wkk 2);_>2‬دא* ‪B#65#{#‬و‪.>.#$‬و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن‬

‫?‪ #>% Y>/V) Z2‬א‪ `6‬وא‪ . _>2‬א‪ 6N‬אو> ‪ W>) E# M +‬אدو& א‪& /‬‬

‫אد‪# >7‬ن)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ]א‪?/? ‰??Wy?z‬א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ ' A‬א


אو ‪ OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪6‬و?‪Z2‬א‪D#5_r
# ،Y>/V2‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(5‬‬

‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(5‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‬

‫‪ .‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬

‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫א@‪?  1‬א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ ' A‬א
אو ‬
‫א*  ‬ ‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫)‪i‬م‪w‬دאא‪5  i‬א‪Yi>fi‬א‪i2‬אزن‪K#iibi5‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.51‬‬ ‫‪4.09‬‬ ‫‪ 17‬‬
‫א‪ %‬و)‪S>#‬א‪
k`.92‬א‪ K#9,‬‬
‫)م א‪a‬دא ‪ 2#5‬א‪>625‬א‪R&#%b?f-.b6y,‬‬
‫? ‪ G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0.68‬‬ ‫‪3.83‬‬ ‫‪ 18‬‬
‫אوא?]א‪>=,‬وא‪ #=2%‬‬
‫)‪ii‬مא‪a‬دא€א‪R&#ii%ii%‬א‪ii‬وא‪]?ii‬א‪ii>=,‬‬
‫?* ‪ B,‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬ ‫‪3.65‬‬ ‫‪ 19‬‬
‫א‪ %,‬ل‪+#=5‬א  و‪ 2#5#=>?f‬א ‬
‫‪wZ‬دאא‪  i‬א‪-i.i‬א^‪#i‬ذא‪i‬אא‪E‬א‪i.%2,‬‬
‫?* ‪ B,‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬ ‫‪1.05‬‬ ‫‪3.28‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪R&#%b?25‬אوא?]א‪ >=,‬‬

‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪3.72‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫&‪ =z‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪#>%Y>/V)Z2? (5‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא ‪ .‬א‪ 6N‬אو>‪E# M +‬‬

‫)>‪ W‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪) m>n ،>7‬אو‪ jn‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪،(4.09 i 3.28) b5 >5#‬‬

‫| ‪58‬‬
‫‪W7#,#5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‪ Y>/V2‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא א‪ j.nm>n.(3.72)´#/‬א‪6‬‬

‫א‪#><"-.`)H‬م‪w‬دאא  ‪5‬א‪Y>f‬א‪2‬אزن‪K#b5‬א‪ %‬و)‪S>#‬א‪`.92‬‬

‫‪ 
 k‬א‪ -. "K#9,‬א‪ /),‬אو‪ (4.09) ;5#?n F2€ h‬وא[א‪(0.51) ´.5 #>% l‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪.‬و‪w"$j.n‬دאא  ‬

‫א‪-.‬א^‪#‬ذאאא‪E‬א‪R&#%b?25.%2,‬אوא?]א‪-. ">=,‬א‪/),‬אא‪%5‬‬

‫وא‪ (3.28);5#?nF2€R8‬وא[א‪W7#,#5 (1.05)´.5#>%l‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬‬

‫א‪#%‬م وא‪[T‬א‪ l‬א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪ ،‬و


 א‪ -. E#  . < T 47* -.  Ž) œ>2‬א^‪#‬ذ‬

‫<אא‪ R&#% b?25 Y.%2) E‬א وא?] א‪ .>=,‬و‪#  5‬م &‪* b/2‬ن ?‪Y>/V) Z2‬‬

‫‪#>%‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪ .‬א‪6N‬אو>‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ]א‪4‬دس‪/? ‰??W‬א*‪~4k‬א ‪ ' '*4‬א


אو‪OHSAS 18000‬‬

‫‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪6‬و?‪Z2‬א‪D#5_r
# ،Y>/V2‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(6‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪59‬‬
‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(6‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪b?2‬‬

‫א‪ . 2?,‬א‪6N‬אو> ‬

‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫א@‪  1‬א*‪~4k‬א ‪ ' '*4‬א
אو ‬
‫א*  ‬ ‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫)‪ 2%‬א  ‪5‬א‪ >.2d‬א\‪i‬אد‰وא‪K#i9,‬א‪i. 2‬‬


‫?* ‪ B,‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪1.06‬‬ ‫‪3.32‬‬ ‫‪ 21‬‬
‫א‪#1wB‬زא ‪#‬ل ‬
‫)Ž ‪w‬دאא  ‪-.‬א‪b?i2‬א‪iK+ 2?i,‬قא‪ i %‬‬
‫?* ‪ B,‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪1.03‬‬ ‫‪3.18‬‬ ‫‪ 22‬‬
‫‪k >.2.‬א\אد‰وא‪K#9,‬א‪ . 2‬‬
‫)‪w ii %‬دאא ‪ 2ii#5  i‬א‪+‬א\‪ii‬ل‪‰iin*-ii.‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪3.85‬‬ ‫‪ 23‬‬
‫و‪ e#‬א<‪k&#‬א\אد‰وא‪ K#9,‬‬
‫‪Z‬א  *=‪#/i*i$%ki#i=ˆiV2i‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪3.93‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫א\אد‰و‪ /‬א<‪ #=&#‬‬

‫‪0.74‬‬ ‫‪3.57‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫&‪=z‬א‪D‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪#>%Y>/V)Z2?(6‬א‪b?2‬א‪ . 2?,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪E# M+‬‬

‫)>‪ W‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪) m>n ،>7‬אو‪ jn‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪،(3.93 i 3.18) b5 >5#‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‪Y>/V2‬א‪b?2‬א‪  2?,‬א‪ .(3.57)´#/‬و‪j.n‬א‪6‬א‪H‬‬

‫)`‪Z"-.‬א  *=‪#/*$%k#=ˆV2‬א\אد‰و‪ /‬א<‪"#=&#‬‬

‫‪ -.‬א‪ /),‬א‪T‬و‪ (3.93) ;5#?nF2€ h‬وא[א‪ W7#,#5 (0.74) ´.5#>% l‬א‪F2,‬‬

‫א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م وא‪[T‬א‪ l‬א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪ .‬و‪w  Ž)" $ j.n‬دא א   ‪ -.‬א‪b?2‬‬

‫א‪K +  2?,‬ق א‪ k >.2. %‬א\אد‰ وא‪ K#9,‬א‪ -. ". 2‬א‪ /),‬אא‪ %5‬وא‪R8‬‬

‫€‪ (3.18) ;5#?n F2‬وא[א‪ W 7#,#5 (1.03) ´.5 #>% l‬א‪ F2,‬א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م‬

‫وא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪،‬و
א‪*-. Ž)œ>2‬ن‪w‬دאא  ‪-.R/   502=)T‬‬

‫א‪b?2‬א‪K+ 2?,‬قא‪k >.2. %‬א\אد‰وא‪K#9,‬א‪ .. 2‬و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن‬

‫| ‪60‬‬
‫?‪ #>% Y>/V) Z2‬א‪ b?2‬א‪ .  2?,‬א‪ 6N‬אو> ‪ W>) E# M +‬אدو& א‪& /‬‬

‫אد‪# >7‬ن‪ .#ً V2‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא‪‰ *4??W]#q‬دאא אدא)א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪i>%$‬؛א‪i‬‬

‫‪-.‬א‪ #1a‬ز( א‪4@~ ?/‬مא‪ M‬د‪


A‬אدو‪$‬אد‪$#‬א‪ $‬؟ ‪O$$Q5‬‬

‫!=אא‪L4‬אل@مא‪O? 'vc%Ž*\.t*Q`a‬א‪ J,:‬א ‪ W‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אل א ] א‪:‬ول‪ ‰ *4? ? W‬א‪ | 4‬א‪Qb‬א]  ‪ G7   ~ ?/‬אدو אد‪#‬‬

‫א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪D#5_r
# ،6‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(7‬‬

‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(7‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Z2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬‬

‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫א ‪ ‰ *4‬‬ ‫א‪| 4‬א‪Q:‬א] ‪ ~ ?/‬‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬
‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫&œא‪.#%‬ن‪# *k0=>w?&#p%‬ل‪.|5‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 4‬‬ ‫‪0.84‬‬ ‫‪3.97‬‬ ‫‪ 25‬‬
‫‪œ2‬د ‬
‫‪#‬ول א‪ p% b.#%‬א‪#%25T‬د ‪ >.) k‬א‪+ k&8‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0.75‬‬ ‫‪4.10‬‬ ‫‪ 26‬‬
‫‪ n‬א‪E] ,‬א‪J%)H‬ض‪R‬א‪  %‬‬
‫‪ Z‬א‪ p% b.#%‬א ‪& #$* 0&) -.‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫‪4.02‬‬ ‫‪ 27‬‬
‫‪t>#‬א‪  %‬‬
‫‪ Z‬א‪ p% b.#%‬א ‪.n 0&) -.‬ل &‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪4.24‬‬ ‫‪ 28‬‬
‫‪E] .‬א‪)H‬א==‪+0‬א‪  %‬‬
‫ص א‪.#%‬ن ‪nw -. p%‬א‰ )‪R>P‬א‪+ E‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬ ‫‪0.87‬‬ ‫‪3.92‬‬ ‫‪ 29‬‬
‫*‪t>#‬א‪J$b5 %‬و*‪ Z8‬‬

‫‪0.58‬‬ ‫‪ 4.05‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫| ‪61‬‬
‫&‪ =z‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪ Z2? (7‬א?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א; ‪ W>) E# M + b.#%.‬אدو&‬

‫א‪& /‬אد‪)m>n،>7‬אو‪jn‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪W7#,#5،(4.24i 3.92)b5>5#‬א‪F2,‬‬

‫א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م ‪Z2?,‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪ b.#%.‬א‪.(4.05)´#/‬و‪ j.n‬א‪6‬א‪-.`)H‬‬

‫"‪ Z‬א‪b.#%‬א‪.n0&)-.‬ل&‪E] .‬א‪)H‬א==‪+0‬א‪ -. " %‬א‪/),‬‬

‫אو‪ (4.24);5#?nF2€h‬وא[א‪W7#,#5 (0.69)´.5#>%l‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‬

‫وא‪[T‬א‪ l‬א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪ .‬و‪" $ j.n‬ص א‪nw -. b.#%‬א‰ )‪R>P‬א‪t>#* + E‬‬

‫א‪J$b5 %‬و*‪-."Z8‬א‪/),‬א~‪?#‬وא‪(3.92);5#?nF2€R8‬وא[א‪#>%l‬‬

‫‪W7#,#5 (0.87)´.5‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪،‬و
אد> ‪*-.‬ن‬

‫א  ‪_ˆ TE#‬א‪t>#*R>P25b.#%‬א‪، %‬و*ن


א‪<%)t>#‬א ‪kQT‬‬

‫)‪*#
R>P‬و)‪ .#=.&/‬و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن?‪Z2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪W>)E# M+ b.#%.‬‬

‫אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אلא ]א‪‰ *4??W]#q‬دא‪/I‬א‪G7~ ?/‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪D#5_r
# ،6‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(8‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪62‬‬
‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(8‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪Z2‬دא‪>%$‬א‪ b.#%‬‬

‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫א ‪ ‰ *4‬‬ ‫دא‪/I‬א‪ ~ ?/‬‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬
‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫‪-z‬א‪#0=e#›&25p%b.#%‬ن‬
‫?* ‪B,‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬ ‫‪1.01‬‬ ‫‪3.62‬‬ ‫‪ 31‬‬
‫?‪#Z2‬ل‪k‬אدא‪ B‬‬
‫א‪ E#Q2‬א‪ 6f &%,‬א‪ -. p% b.#%‬אدא‪B‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0.88‬‬ ‫‪3.76‬‬ ‫‪ 31‬‬
‫א‪  C$‬‬
‫&‪) 0?2‬ز&‪ W‬א‪ b5 %‬א‪# + b.#%‬ن  ‪p.‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.53‬‬ ‫‪4.00‬‬ ‫‪ 32‬‬
‫‪%#5‬א ‬
‫صא‪0&)-.p%b.#%‬א‪E#nJ,‬א~‪N#‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪3.95‬‬ ‫‪ 33‬‬
‫‪&V25‬א‪]8k %‬لא‪E#7#>/‬אو&‪k‬א‪  %‬‬
‫&م א‪Ž?,‬ول ‪ _ + p‬א‪p.  + p% b.#%‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.69‬‬ ‫‪3.89‬‬ ‫‪ 34‬‬
‫}א‪ /#>%>œ )$‬‬

‫‪0.41‬‬ ‫‪ 3.84‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫&‪ =z‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪ Z2? (8‬دא‪ >%$‬א‪ W>) E# M + b.#%‬אدو& א‪& /‬‬

‫אد‪) m>n ،>7‬אو‪ jn‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ W 7#,#5 ،(4.00 i 3.62) b5 >5#‬א‪F2,‬‬

‫א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬م‪Z2?,‬دא‪>%$‬א‪ b.#%‬א‪ .(3.84)´#/‬و‪ j.n‬א‪6‬א‪0?2&"-.`)H‬‬

‫)ز&‪ W‬א‪ b5 %‬א‪# + b.#%‬ن ‪%#5 p.‬א" ‪ -.‬א‪ /),‬אو‪(4.00) ;5#?n F2€ h‬‬

‫وא[א‪ W 7#,#5 (0.53) ´.5 #>% l‬א‪ F2,‬א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م وא‪[T‬א‪ l‬א‪ #>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪.‬‬

‫و‪ -z" $ j.n‬א‪ # 0=e#› &25 b.#%‬ن ?‪ k #ً ># Z2‬אدא‪-. "B‬‬

‫א‪ /),‬א~‪ ?#‬وא‪ (3.62) ;5#?n F2€ R8‬وא[א‪W 7#,#5 (1.01) ´.5 #>% l‬‬

‫א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪،‬و
‪ hwR &#‬א‪Z2?,‬א‪ ،F2,‬و‪k‬و=‬

‫‪>z7‬אא‪*hw‬نא  ‪)TE#‬م‪&25‬א‪k>#E#&2?Y>fb.#%‬אدא‪.B‬‬

‫| ‪63‬‬
‫و‪#  5‬م&‪*b/2‬ن?‪Z2‬دא‪>%$‬א‪W>)E# M+ b.#%‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن‬

‫)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫א‪L4‬אل א ] א‪ A@ ‰ *4? ? W`q‬א‪   ~ ?/‬א‪2b‬ز   ‪ G7‬אدو אد‪#‬‬

‫א؟ ‬

‫¡‪
 k 5#‬א א?Žאل א‪#%2‬ن א‪ k 5 mn#/‬א‪ E#V2,‬א\?‪ >5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬‬

‫א‪،&#>%,‬و*
>א‪D#5_r
# ،6‬ول)‪4‬ـ‪ .(9‬‬

‫ول)‪4‬ـ‪ :(9‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪>5#‬وא‪[T‬א‪E#$‬א‪&#>%,‬و?‪<Z2‬א‪-.b.#%‬א‪#1a‬ز ‬

‫!'‬ ‫א‪:‬א)‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬‬


‫א ‪ ‰ *4‬‬ ‫@‪A‬א‪ ~ ?/‬א‪2b‬ز ‬ ‫א@‪ 1‬‬
‫א _‪ A‬‬ ‫א‪  ]Q48‬א ‪ -/‬‬

‫&مא‪.#%‬ن‪|25p%‬د&א‪E# =,‬אدوא‪2T‬אم‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪3.90‬‬ ‫‪ 35‬‬
‫‪ >
#2<5#
>625‬‬
‫&‪ Z2? t#2‬א‪ >
|2‬א‪# + b.#%. ;6>y‬ن‬
‫?* ‪B,‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪3.61‬‬ ‫‪ 36‬‬
‫ ‪Wp.‬אא‪E#/‬א‪ 0=5K#,‬‬
‫&‪B]2‬م ‪7‬ع א‪ 6>y‬א‪ #=.P & H‬א‪.#%‬ن ‪W p%‬‬
‫?* ‪B,‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬‬ ‫‪1.05‬‬ ‫‪3.28‬‬ ‫‪ 37‬‬
‫<א)=‪0‬א א)> ‬
‫)‪$‬א‪2)#N$p%b.#%.6>y‬א‪Y$‬و)?œ‪W0‬‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪4.34‬‬ ‫‪ 38‬‬
‫<א)=‪ 0‬‬
‫)=‪ 02‬א?>‪ #‬א‪# + #%‬ن  ‪† p.‬ص‬
‫? ‪G‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫‪ 39‬‬
‫א‪<> 25b.#%‬א)=‪ 0‬‬

‫‪0.52‬‬ ‫‪ 3.80‬‬ ‫א * ‪B,‬א‪]Q48‬وא‪:‬א)א ‪-/‬א‪/‬م‬

‫&‪ =z‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪ < Z2? (9‬א‪ -. b.#%‬א‪#1a‬ز ‪ W>) E# M +‬אدو&‬

‫א‪& /‬אد‪)m>n،>7‬אو‪jn‬א‪E#V2,‬א\?‪W7#,#5،(4.34i 3.28)b5>5#‬א‪F2,‬‬

‫א\?‪ ;5#‬א‪#%‬م ‪ Z2?,‬دא‪ >%$‬א‪ b.#%‬א‪ .(3.80) ´#/‬و‪ j.n‬א‪ 6‬א‪$)" -. `) H‬‬

‫| ‪64‬‬
‫א‪2) #N$ p% b.#%. 6>y‬א‪ Y$‬و)?œ‪< W 0‬א)=‪ -. "0‬א‪ /),‬אو‪;5#?n F2€ h‬‬

‫)‪ (4.34‬وא[א‪W7#,#5 (0.46)´.5#>%l‬א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬‬

‫א‪#%‬م‪B]2&"$j.n# >$.‬م‪7‬عא‪6>y‬א‪#=.P &H‬א‪.#%‬ن‪<Wp%‬א)=‪0‬א א)>"‪-.‬‬

‫א‪ /),‬א~‪ ?#‬وא‪ (3.28) ;5#?n F2€ R8‬وא[א‪W 7#,#5 (1.05) ´.5 #>% l‬‬

‫א‪F2,‬א\?‪;5#‬א‪#%‬موא‪[T‬א‪l‬א‪#>%,‬א‪#%‬م‪،‬و
‪ hwR &#‬א‪Z2?,‬א‪F2,‬و‪k‬و=‬

‫‪>z7‬אא‪|5‬نא‪Se#y‬א‪B]2)T#=7.P &H‬مو>{‪0‬و<א)=‪0‬א א)>‪ .‬و‪#  5‬م‬

‫&‪*b/2‬ن ?‪ < Z2‬א‪ -. b.#%‬א‪#1a‬ز ‪ W>)E# M+‬אدو& א‪ & /‬אد‪#  >7‬ن‬

‫)‪ .#ً %6‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪W(3‬א^*‪jI‬אא‪,‬‬


‫ א‪
 + mn#/‬א א‪ -. t7#D‬א‪ E#>r$ #/28‬אא א‪ ?>e‬وא‪j>n ،>6‬‬

‫) ‪
 =E‬א‪-.6‬א‪/<Z#/28‬ل*و‪E#>r$•$‬אא‪]8k‬لא‪92‬אم‬

‫א‪#/28‬א‪[T‬אא‪F>?/‬وא‪%2,‬دو‪ >.f‬א‪k&#/2‬א‪#n‬د‪،‬وذ‪ :;.&# p‬‬

‫א ‪j‬א\‪4‬אو‪c‬‬

‫‪$$"$$5 :‬ذود‪3$$/? $$*\7$$a%$$:‬א א


‪ $$‬אو‪$$,,)OHSAS 18000$$‬א‪k7$$‬‬

‫وא‪?m4$$‬א ‪$$V‬؛א*‪B$$U‬؛א‪$$ '/‬وא*‪ $$‬؛א ‪o$$k‬وא*‪†k7$$‬؛?א‪$$/5‬א‪b‬دא‪A‬؛א*‪~4$$k‬‬

‫א ‪$$  ('*4$$‬دאא ‪ $$‬אدא‪)$$‬א‪| 4$$‬א‪$$Q:‬א] ‪~ ?$$/‬؛אא‪$$/I‬؛א_‪$$ A$$‬א‪ $$2b‬ز(‬


‫א‪4@~ ?/‬مא‪ M‬د‪
A‬אدوאد‪#‬א؟ ‬

‫| ‪65‬‬
 i 2‫א‬iU‫א‬kiYi2.‫د‬i%2,‫אא‬i[T‫ א‬i>.f‫אم‬92i‫א‬u>r6‫
א‬#/28T

W>ii)E# iM+& i/‫אدא‬i,‫א‬B‫*دא‬-i.OHSAS 18000i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫א‬R&#i%Yi>/V2

 .(10 ‫ ـ‬4)‫ول‬D‫א‬+_r
# ،& /‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬

  (10 ‫ ـ‬4) ‫ول‬


-.OHSAS 18000>‫אو‬6N‫א‬,‫א‬R&#%Y>/V)U‫د‬%2,‫[אא‬T‫> א‬.f#/28‫א‬de#27
 & /‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬W>)E# M+& /‫אدא‬,‫א‬B‫*دא‬
 Sig* DF   β  (R2)
F F  (R)
‰ *4? 5‫د‬ p?/? p?/?  ‫אن‬
‫و‬M‫ א‬Q 4h‫א‬  ‫ط‬:‫א‬
 :‫א‬ 8‫א  א‬:‫א‬  k*‫א‬

1 
‫א א‬3/? 
OHSAS ‫אو‬
0.000 294 0.440 3.84 79.701 0.213 0.462
‫ دא‬18000
295  ‫א אدא‬
 (α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‫ذאد‬RU|2‫*&نא‬

B‫*دא‬-i.OHSAS 18000i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫א‬R&#i%Yi>/V)iU* (10 ‫ ـ‬4) ‫ول‬D‫_א‬r&

Yi>/V2>e#inwiT‫ذد‬iU*‫د‬i‫;و‬e#na‫> א‬.2‫א‬de#27E= y*m>n.& /‫אدא‬,‫א‬

R ‫ط‬#i/)T‫ א‬i#% ´i.5‫ذא‬w،& i/‫אدא‬i,‫א‬B‫*دא‬-i.OHSAS 18000i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫א‬R&#%

4i2 ><#i ‫ **ن‬،(0.213) ´i.5i$ R2 i&2‫ א‬i#%#i*.(α ≤ 0.05) Z2? (0.462)

i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫א‬R&#i%Yi>/V)+RP2i‫א‬kd)#7& /‫אدא‬,‫א‬B‫*دא‬+E‫א‬RP2‫א‬k (0.213)

in‫وא‬i5‫د‬#i&‫*نא‬-%&‫ و
א‬،(0.440) β RU|2‫<> دא‬jP.5# ،OHSAS 18000

& i/‫אدא‬i,‫א‬B‫*دא‬+‫د‬#&‫ز‬hw‫&Žد‬OHSAS 18000>‫אو‬6N‫א‬,‫א‬R&#%Y>/V25‫م‬# 2


T‫א‬+

ii‫;دא‬i
‫( و‬79.701) jiP.5Hi‫א‬5?i‫ א‬F  ><U‫&
אא‬% Ž&‫ و‬.(0.440)  >5

66 |
‫?‪ F  ><W7#,#5 (α ≤ 0.05)Z2‬א‪D‬و>א‪ .(3.84) iP#/‬و
‪ i‬א&Ž ‪ii‬م‪i/<iN‬ل‬

‫א‪>r6‬א‪،?>e‬و‪•$)4>.‬א‪>r6‬א‪&6‬و)‪ /‬א‪>r6‬א‪.&/‬א‪ :-.`)H‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫و‪ 5‬د"‪$‬ذ‪-‬د‪3$/? $* $ /? $:‬א א
‪ $‬אو‪$ OHSAS 18000$‬دאא ‪ $‬אد‬
‫א‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א?‪‰ *4‬د‪(0.05):‬‬

‫و‪R&#%k#>% U*kY2.‬א‪,‬א‪6N‬אو>‪*-. OHSAS 18000‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אد‬

‫א‪RP2€ & /‬א)‪ 0>?)u،4‬א‪ >r6‬א‪ ،>$E#>r$ j hw?>e‬و‪u‬א‪92‬אم‪ >.f‬‬

‫א‪[T‬אא‪،n-.>$>r$ #/28TF>?/‬و ‪ :;.&#‬‬

‫‪U*&T :HO1-1‬ذود‪#>?>e#nwT‬אوא?]א‪*-.>=,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬‬

‫)א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز(‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬‬

‫א‪Z2? & /‬د‪


#/28T K(0.05)T‬א‪u>r6‬א‪92‬אم‪ >.f‬א‪[T‬א‪
# ،‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪.(11‬‬ ‫‪+_r‬א‪D‬ول‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪67‬‬
‫ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪de#27 (11‬א‪#>U*#/28‬אوא?]א‪*-.>=,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪& /‬‬

‫)א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&‬

‫אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫*‪ Sig‬‬ ‫‪DF‬‬ ‫‪  β‬‬ ‫)‪ (R2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫)‪ (R‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫د‪5‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫אن ‬
‫א‪M‬و‬ ‫א‪Q 4h‬‬ ‫א‪:‬ط ‬
‫א‪ :‬‬ ‫א‪:‬א  א‪8‬‬ ‫א*‪ k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪,,‬א‪k7‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.117‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪8.250‬‬ ‫‪0.052‬‬ ‫‪0.228‬‬ ‫وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א] ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪,,‬א‪k7‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.171‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪19.405‬‬ ‫‪0.708‬‬ ‫‪0.841‬‬ ‫وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪,,‬א‪k7‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.750‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪22.369‬‬ ‫‪0.387‬‬ ‫‪0.622‬‬ ‫وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫א_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫* &نא‪RU|2‬د‪.(α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫&‪_r‬א‪iD‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪i#>iU* (11‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪ki i -i.i>=,‬א‪c.?i‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪ #1a‬ز‪de#i27E=y*m>n.‬א‪ i>.2‬א‪;e#ina‬‬

‫ود*‪U‬ذد‪#>?>e#nwT‬אوא‪]?i‬א‪ki i -i.i>=,‬א‪c.?i‬א‪i5T‬א;‬

‫‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-i.‬א‪ #i1a‬ز‪w،‬ذ‪ i#% ´i.5‬א‪#i/)T‬ط ‪i#>bi5 (0.228) R‬‬

‫אوא?]א‪i>=,‬وא‪c.?i‬א‪i5a‬א;‪b.#i%.‬و)‪i#>bi5 (0.841‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬‬

‫א‪>=,‬وאא‪>%$‬؛و)‪i#>b5 (0.622‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬وא‪-i.i‬א‪ #i1a‬ز‪i‬‬

‫?‪ #%#*.(α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪#>?i (0.052) ´.5$ R2 &2‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬‬

‫| ‪68‬‬
‫وא?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#i%.‬و)‪#>?i (0.708‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬وאא‪ ،i>%$‬و)‪(0.387‬‬

‫?>‪#‬אوא?]א‪>=,‬وא‪-.‬א‪ #1a‬ز‪**،‬ن ‪ki (0.052) 4i2 ><#‬א‪RP2i‬א‪+E‬‬

‫א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#i%.‬و )‪ (0.708‬ﻤـﻥ א‪RP2i‬א‪+E‬אא‪،i>%$‬و)‪ki (0.387‬א‪RP2i‬א‪+E‬‬

‫א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪kd)#7‬א‪#>+RP2‬אوא?]א‪i ><jiP.5#i ،i>=,‬د‪i‬‬

‫)‪،(0.052‬‬ ‫‪ki ii β R‬א‪c.?ii‬א‪ii5a‬א;‪b.#i%.‬؛وאא‪ii>%$‬؛وא‪-ii.i‬א‪ #ii1a‬ز‬


‫א‪ U|i2‬‬

‫)‪-. (0.387) ، (0.708‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و


א&‪*%‬نא&‪#‬د‪5‬وא‪+n‬א‪2T‬אم‪#>?i5‬א‪i‬‬

‫وא?]א‪Ž&>=,‬د‪hw‬ز&‪#‬د‪k +‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-i.i‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز )‪-. (0.387) ، (0.708) ،(0.052‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و&Ž ‪


&%‬אא‪ F  ><U‬א?‪5‬א‪H‬‬

‫ﻭ)‪(19.405‬‬ ‫‪#>? (8.250) jP.5‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪-i.i>=,‬א‪c.?i‬א‪i5T‬א;‪b.#i%.‬‬

‫?>‪#‬אوא?]א‪-i.>=,‬אא‪i>%$‬؛و)‪#>?i (22.369‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬‬

‫‪-.‬א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪،‬و
;دא?‪ F  ><W7#,#5 (α ≤ 0.05)Z2‬א‪D‬و>א‪P#/‬‬

‫)‪ .(3.84‬و
א&Ž م‪/<N‬لא‪>r6‬א‪>6‬אو‪،h‬و‪•$)4>.‬א‪>r6‬א‪&6‬و)‪ i/‬‬

‫א‪>r6‬א‪.&/‬א‪ :-.`)H‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫و‪ 5‬د"ذ‪-‬د‪,4  /? :‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪$ V‬دאא ‪ $‬אدא‪) $‬א‪| 4$‬‬
‫א‪$$Qb‬א] ‪~ ?$$/‬؛وאא‪$$/I‬؛وא_‪$$ A$$‬א‪$$2b‬ز(‪G7$$$$‬אدو‪$$‬אد‪$$#‬‬
‫א?‪‰ *4‬د‪(0.05):‬‬
‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪69‬‬
‫‪ U* & T :HO1-2‬ذو د‪* -. F>V92. >e#nw T‬دא‪ B‬א‪,‬אد א‪) & /‬א?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬

‫‪ b.#%.‬؛ אא‪ >%$‬؛ א ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪ W>) E# M +‬אدو& אد‪ >7‬א‪ & /‬‬

‫?‪ Z2‬د‪ 
 #/28T  K(0.05) T‬א‪ u >r6‬א‪92‬אم ‪ >.f‬א‪[T‬א‪+ _r 
 #  ،‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪.(12‬‬ ‫א‪D‬ول‬

‫ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪de#27 (12‬א‪U*#/28‬א‪*-.F>V92‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬

‫‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫*‪ Sig‬‬ ‫‪DF‬‬ ‫‪  β‬‬ ‫)‪ (R2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫)‪ (R‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫د‪5‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫אن ‬
‫א‪ Q 4h‬א‪M‬و‬ ‫א‪:‬ط ‬
‫א‪ :‬‬ ‫א‪:‬א  א‪8‬‬ ‫א*‪ k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א*‪ BU‬א‪| 4‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.884‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪30.435‬‬ ‫‪0.181‬‬ ‫‪0.425‬‬
‫א‪Qb‬א] ‬
‫‪295‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫א*‪ BU‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.327‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪70.084‬‬ ‫‪0.192‬‬ ‫‪0.439‬‬
‫אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪295‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫א*‪ BU‬א_‪A‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.390‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪62.686‬‬ ‫‪0.176‬‬ ‫‪0.419‬‬
‫ א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫‪295‬‬
‫* &نא‪RU|2‬ذאد‪.(α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫&‪_r‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪U* (12‬א‪k -.F>V92‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬‬ ‫‬

‫وא ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪ de#27 E=y* m>n .‬א‪ >.2‬א‪ ;e#na‬ود *‪ U‬ذ د‪>e#nw T‬‬

‫‪k -. F>V92.‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛ وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪w،‬ذ ‪´.5‬‬

‫‪ #%‬א‪#/)T‬ط ‪b5 (0.425) R‬א‪ F>V92‬وא?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬و)‪ b5 (0.439‬א‪F>V92‬‬

‫| ‪70‬‬
‫وאא‪>%$‬؛و)‪b5 (0.419‬א‪ F>V92‬وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز ?‪ #%#*.(α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬‬

‫א‪F>V92. (0.181) ´.5$ R2 &2‬وא?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬و)‪F>V92. (0.192‬وאא‪،>%$‬‬

‫‪ k‬א‪RP2‬א‪ + E‬א?‪c.‬‬ ‫)‪(0.181‬‬ ‫‪ F>V92.‬وא ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪* * ،‬ن ‪42 >< #‬‬ ‫و )‪(0.176‬‬

‫‪k‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א‪-.‬‬ ‫)‪k (0.192‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬אא‪،>%$‬و)‪(0.176‬‬ ‫א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬و‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز‪kd)#7‬א‪+RP2‬א‪ ><jP.5# ،F>V92‬دא‪k  β RU|2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬

‫‪-. (0.390) ،‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و


א‬ ‫)‪(0.327) ،(0.884‬‬ ‫‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫&‪*-%‬نא&‪#‬د‪ 5‬وא‪ +n‬א‪2T‬אم€‪ #>%‬א‪Ž& F>V92‬د‪hw‬ز&‪#‬د‪k +‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز )‪-. (0.390) ، (0.327) ،(0.884‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬‬

‫‪-. F>V92.‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬ ‫و&Ž ‪


&%‬א א‪ F  ><U‬א?‪5‬א‪(30.435) jP.5H‬‬

‫‪ -. F>V92.‬א‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬ ‫)‪ -. F>V92. (70.084‬אא‪>%$‬؛ و )‪(62.686‬‬ ‫‪ b.#%.‬و‬

‫و
;دא?‪ F  ><W7#,#5 (α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪D‬و>א‪ .(3.84) P#/‬و
א&Ž م‬

‫‪/<N‬لא‪>r6‬א‪>6‬א‪،>7#v‬و‪•$)4>.‬א‪>r6‬א‪&6‬و)‪ /‬א‪>r6‬א‪.&/‬א‪H‬‬

‫)`‪ :-.‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫‪$ B‬دאא ‪ $‬אدא‪) $‬א‪| 4$‬א ‪$Qb‬א] ‪~ ?$/‬؛‬
‫و‪ 5‬د"ذ‪-‬د‪ $U*  $ /? $:‬‬
‫وאא‪/I‬؛وא_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز(‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א?‪‰ *4‬د‪:‬‬
‫)‪(0.05‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪71‬‬
‫‪U*&T :HO1-3‬ذو د‪E#>. %.>e#nwT‬وא‪*-. Y>/V2‬دא‪ B‬א‪,‬אد א‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪& /‬‬

‫?‪Z2‬د‪
#/28T K(0.05)T‬א‪u>r6‬א‪92‬אم‪ >.f‬א‪[T‬א‪+_r
# ،‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪.(13‬‬ ‫א‪D‬ول‬

‫ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪de#27 (13‬א‪E#>. %.U*#/28‬وא‪*-.Y>/V2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫*‪ Sig‬‬ ‫‪DF‬‬ ‫‪  β‬‬ ‫)‪ (R2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫)‪ (R‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫د‪5‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫אن ‬
‫א‪ Q 4h‬א‪M‬و‬ ‫א‪:‬ط ‬
‫א‪ :‬‬ ‫א‪:‬א  א‪8‬‬ ‫א*‪ k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫א‪ '/‬وא* ‬
‫‪0.034‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.124‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪4.551‬‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪0.123‬‬ ‫ א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א]‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫ ‪ ~ ?/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א‪ '/‬وא* ‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.210‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪27.515‬‬ ‫‪0.086‬‬ ‫‪0.293‬‬
‫ אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪295‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫א‪ '/‬وא* ‬


‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.189‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪23.689‬‬ ‫‪0.130‬‬ ‫‪0.360‬‬ ‫ א_‪ A‬‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫* &نא‪RU|2‬ذود‪.(α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫&‪_r‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪U* (13‬א‪E#>. %‬وא‪k -.Y>/V2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛‬ ‫‬

‫وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪de#27E=y*m>n.‬א‪ >.2‬א‪;e#na‬ود*‪U‬ذد‪T‬‬

‫‪E#>. %.>e#nw‬وא‪k -. Y>/V2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز‪w،‬ذ ‪ #% ´.5‬א‪#/)T‬ط ‪b5 (0.123) R‬א‪E#>. %‬وא‪ Y>/V2‬وא?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬‬

‫| ‪72‬‬
‫‪ b5‬א‪ E#>. %‬وא‪ Y>/V2‬وא ‪-.‬‬ ‫)‪ b5 (0.293‬א‪ E#>. %‬وא‪ Y>/V2‬وאא‪>%$‬؛ و )‪(0.360‬‬

‫‪E#>. %.‬وא‪Y>/V2‬‬ ‫)‪(0.015‬‬ ‫א‪#1a‬ز ?‪ #%#*.(α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪´.5 $ R2 &2‬‬

‫‪E#>. %.‬‬ ‫وא?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א; ‪ b.#%.‬و )‪ E#>. %. (0.086‬وא‪ Y>/V2‬وאא‪ ،>%$‬و )‪(0.130‬‬

‫وא‪Y>/V2‬وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪**،‬ن ‪k (0.015) 42 ><#‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬‬

‫‪k‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪kd)#7‬‬ ‫)‪k (0.086‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬אא‪،>%$‬و)‪(0.130‬‬ ‫و‬

‫א‪+RP2‬א‪E#>. %‬وא‪ ><jP.5# ،Y>/V2‬دא‪k  β RU|2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬‬

‫‪-. (0.189) ،‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و


א&‪*-%‬ن‬ ‫)‪(0.210) ،(0.124‬‬ ‫؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫א&‪#‬د‪ 5‬وא‪+n‬א‪2T‬אم€‪ #>%‬א‪E#>. %‬وא‪Ž& Y>/V2‬د‪hw‬ز&‪#‬د‪k +‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز )‪-. (0.189) ، (0.210) ،(0.124‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬‬

‫‪E#>. %.‬وא‪-. Y>/V2‬א?‪c.‬‬ ‫)‪(4.551‬‬ ‫و&Ž ‪


&%‬א א‪ F  ><U‬א?‪5‬وא‪jP.5H‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬و )‪E#>. %. (27.515‬وא‪-.Y>/V2‬אא‪>%$‬؛و)‪E#>. %. (23.689‬وא‪Y>/V2‬‬

‫‪-.‬א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬زو
;دא?‪ F  ><W7#,#5 (α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪D‬و>א‪P#/‬‬

‫و
א &Ž  م ‪/< N‬ل א‪ >r6‬א‪ >6‬א‪ ،v#v‬و‪ •$) 4>.‬א‪ >r6‬א‪&6‬‬ ‫)‪.(3.84‬‬

‫و)‪ /‬א‪>r6‬א‪.&/‬א‪ :-.`)H‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫و‪ 5‬د"‪$‬ذ‪-‬د‪$ '/  $ /? $:‬وא*‪$   $‬دאא ‪ $‬אدא‪) $‬א‪| 4$‬א‪$Q:‬א]‬
‫ ‪~ ?/‬؛وאא‪/I‬؛وא_‪ A‬א‪ 2b‬ز(‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א‪$ $‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬د‪(0.05):‬‬
‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪73‬‬
‫‪U*&T :HO1-4‬ذود‪`6.>e#nwT‬وא‪*-. _>2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪& /‬‬

‫?‪Z2‬د‪
#/28T K(0.05)T‬א‪u>r6‬א‪92‬אم‪ >.f‬א‪[T‬א‪+_r
# ،‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪.(14‬‬ ‫א‪D‬ول‬

‫ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪de#27 (14‬א‪`6.U*#/28‬وא‪*-._>2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫*‪ Sig‬‬ ‫‪DF‬‬ ‫‪  β‬‬ ‫)‪ (R2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫)‪ (R‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫د‪5‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫אن ‬
‫א‪M‬و‬ ‫א‪Q 4h‬‬ ‫א‪:‬ط ‬
‫א‪ :‬‬ ‫א‪:‬א  א‪8‬‬ ‫א*‪ k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫א ‪ok‬وא*‪ †k7‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.230‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪18.112‬‬ ‫‪0.102‬‬ ‫‪0.320‬‬ ‫א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א]‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫ ‪ ~ ?/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א ‪ok‬وא*‪ †k7‬‬
‫‪0.024‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.087‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪5.120‬‬ ‫‪0.017‬‬ ‫‪0.131‬‬
‫אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪295‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫א‪ '/‬وא* ‬


‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.748‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪24.814‬‬ ‫‪0.087‬‬ ‫‪0.279‬‬ ‫ א_‪ A‬‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫* &نא‪RU|2‬ذאد‪.(α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫&‪_r‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪U* (14‬א‪`6‬وא‪k -._>2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛‬ ‫‬

‫وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪de#27E=y*m>n.‬א‪ >.2‬א‪;e#na‬ود*‪U‬ذد‪T‬‬

‫‪`6.>e#nw‬وא‪k -. _>2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز‪ ،‬و‪ #% ´.5‬א‪#/)T‬ط ‪b5 (0.320) R‬א‪`6‬وא‪ _>2‬وא?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬‬

‫| ‪74‬‬
‫و)‪ b5 (0.131‬א‪ `6‬وא‪ _>2‬وאא‪>%$‬؛ و )‪ b5 (0.279‬א‪ `6‬وא‪ _>2‬وא ‪-.‬‬

‫‪`6.‬وא‪_>2‬‬ ‫)‪(0.102‬‬ ‫א‪#1a‬ز ?‪ #%#*.(α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪´.5 $ R2 &2‬‬

‫‪`6.‬‬ ‫وא‪ _>2‬وאא‪ ،>%$‬و )‪(0.087‬‬ ‫‪`6.‬‬ ‫א‪5a‬א; ‪ b.#%.‬و )‪(0.017‬‬ ‫وא?‪c.‬‬

‫‪ k‬א‪RP2‬א‪ + E‬א?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬ ‫)‪(0.102‬‬ ‫وא‪ _>2‬وא ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪* * ،‬ن ‪42 >< #‬‬

‫‪k‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬ ‫)‪k (0.017‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬אא‪،>%$‬و)‪(0.087‬‬ ‫‪ b.#%.‬و‬

‫‪kd)#7‬א‪+RP2‬א‪`6‬وא‪ ><jP.5# ،_>2‬دא‪k  β RU|2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‬

‫‪-. (0.748) ،‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و


א‬ ‫)‪(0.087) ،(0.230‬‬ ‫‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫&‪* %‬نא&‪#‬د‪5‬وא‪+n‬א‪2T‬אم€‪#>%‬א‪`6‬وא‪Ž& _>2‬د‪hw‬ز&‪#‬د‪k +‬‬

‫‪-. (0.748) ،‬‬ ‫)‪(0.087) ،(0.230‬‬ ‫א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫א‪2‬א;‪.‬و&Ž ‪
&%‬אא‪ F  ><U‬א?‪5‬وא‪`6. (18.112) jP.5H‬وא‪-._>2‬‬

‫‪`6.‬‬ ‫)‪`6. (5.120‬وא‪ -. _>2‬אא‪>%$‬؛ و )‪(24.814‬‬ ‫א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬و‬

‫‪F  >< W 7#,#5 (α‬‬ ‫وא‪ -. _>2‬א ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز و
; دא  ?‪≤ 0.05) Z2‬‬

‫و
א &Ž  م ‪/< N‬ل א‪ >r6‬א‪ >6‬אא‪ ،%5‬و‪•$) 4>.‬‬ ‫)‪.(3.84‬‬ ‫א‪D‬و> א‪P#/‬‬

‫א‪>r6‬א‪&6‬و)‪ /‬א‪>r6‬א‪.&/‬א‪ :-.`)H‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫و‪ $$5‬د"‪$$‬ذ‪-‬د‪o$$k $$ /?$$:‬وא*‪$$ †k7$$‬دאא ‪ $$‬אدא‪)$$‬א‪| 4$$‬א‪$$Q:‬א]‬
‫ ‪~ ?/‬؛وאא‪/I‬؛وא_‪ A‬א‪ 2b‬ز( ‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א‪$ $‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬د‪(0.05):‬‬
‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪75‬‬
‫‪ U* & T :HO1-5‬ذو د‪, >e#nw T‬א‪ %‬א‪a‬دא ‪* -.‬دא‪ B‬א‪,‬אد א‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪& /‬‬

‫?‪Z2‬د‪
#/28T K(0.05)T‬א‪u>r6‬א‪92‬אم‪ >.f‬א‪[T‬א‪+_r
# ،‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪.(15‬‬ ‫א‪D‬ول‬

‫ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪de#27 (15‬א‪,U*#/28‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪*-.‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‬

‫‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫*‪ Sig‬‬ ‫‪DF‬‬ ‫‪  β‬‬ ‫)‪ (R2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫)‪ (R‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫د‪5‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫אن ‬
‫א‪ Q 4h‬א‪M‬و‬ ‫א‪:‬ط ‬
‫א‪ :‬‬ ‫א‪:‬א  א‪8‬‬ ‫א*‪ k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫?א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ A‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.113‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪20.454‬‬ ‫‪0.154‬‬ ‫‪0.393‬‬ ‫א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א]‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫ ‪ ~ ?/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫?א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ A‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.181‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪12.416‬‬ ‫‪0.041‬‬ ‫‪0.201‬‬
‫אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪295‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫?א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ A‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.447‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪55.254‬‬ ‫‪0.158‬‬ ‫‪0.398‬‬
‫א_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫‪295‬‬
‫* &نא‪RU|2‬ذאد‪.(α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫&‪_r‬א‪D‬ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪U* (15‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא ‪k -.‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛‬

‫وא ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪ de#27 E=y* m>n .‬א‪ >.2‬א‪ ;e#na‬ود *‪ U‬ذ د‪>e#nw T‬‬

‫‪,‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא ‪k -.‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪w،‬ذ‬

‫‪ #% ´.5‬א‪#/)T‬ط ‪b5 (0.393) R‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא وא?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪ b.#%.‬و)‪b5 (0.201‬‬


‫| ‪76‬‬
‫א‪%‬א‪a‬دאوאא‪>%$‬؛و)‪b5 (0.398‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دאوא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز?‪α ≤ ) Z2‬‬

‫‪,‬א‪ %‬א‪a‬دא وא?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א; ‪b.#%.‬‬ ‫)‪(0.154‬‬ ‫‪ #% #* .(0.05‬א‪´.5 $ R2 &2‬‬

‫‪,‬א‪ %‬א‪a‬دא وא ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪* * ،‬ن ‪#‬‬ ‫و)‪, (0.041‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא وאא‪ ،>%$‬و)‪(0.158‬‬

‫‪k‬א‪RP2‬א‪ +E‬אא‪،>%$‬‬ ‫)‪(0.041‬‬ ‫<> ‪k (0.154) 42‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬و‬

‫و)‪k (0.158‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪kd)#7‬א‪+RP2‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא‪ ><jP.5# ،‬‬

‫)‪،(0.113‬‬ ‫دא‪k  β RU|2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫)‪-. (0.447) ، (0.181‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و


א&‪* %‬نא&‪#‬د‪5‬وא‪+n‬א‪2T‬אم€‪#>%‬א‪%‬‬

‫א‪a‬دא &Žد‪hw‬ز&‪#‬د‪k +‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫)‪-.(0.447) ، (0.181) ،(0.113‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و&Ž ‪


&%‬אא‪ F  ><U‬א?‪5‬وא‪jP.5H‬‬

‫‪,‬א‪ %‬א‪a‬دא ‪-.‬‬ ‫)‪(12.416‬‬ ‫‪,‬א‪ %‬א‪a‬دא ‪ -.‬א?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א; ‪ b.#%.‬و‬ ‫)‪(20.454‬‬

‫אא‪>%$‬؛و )‪, (55.254‬א‪%‬א‪a‬دא ‪-.‬א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز و


;دא?‪α ≤ ) Z2‬‬

‫‪ F  ><W7#,#5 (0.05‬א‪D‬و>א‪ .(3.84) P#/‬و


א&Ž م‪/<N‬لא‪>r6‬א‪>6‬‬

‫א~‪،?#‬و‪•$)4>.‬א‪>r6‬א‪&6‬و)‪ /‬א‪>r6‬א‪.&/‬א‪:-.`)H‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫و‪ 5‬د"ذ‪-‬د‪  /?:‬א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ A‬دאא אدא)א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א] ‪~ ?/‬؛‬
‫وאא‪/I‬؛وא_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز(‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א?‪‰ *4‬د‪:‬‬
‫)‪(0.05‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪77‬‬
‫‪ U* & T :HO1-6‬ذو د‪ b?2. >e#nw T‬א‪* -.  2?,‬دא‪ B‬א‪,‬אد א‪) & /‬א?‪c.‬‬

‫א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪& /‬‬

‫?‪Z2‬د‪
#/28T K(0.05)T‬א‪u>r6‬א‪92‬אم‪ >.f‬א‪[T‬א‪+_r
# ،‬‬

‫)‪ 4‬ـ ‪.(16‬‬ ‫א‪D‬ول‬

‫ول )‪ 4‬ـ ‪de#27 (16‬א‪U*#/28‬א‪b?2‬א‪*-. 2?,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‬

‫‪b.#%.‬؛אא‪>%$‬؛א‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز( ‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪ & /‬‬


‫*‪ Sig‬‬ ‫‪DF‬‬ ‫‪  β‬‬ ‫)‪ (R2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫)‪ (R‬‬
‫?‪‰ *4‬‬ ‫د‪5‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫?‪p?/‬‬ ‫אن ‬
‫א‪ Q 4h‬א‪M‬و‬ ‫א‪:‬ط ‬
‫א‪ :‬‬ ‫א‪:‬א  א‪8‬‬ ‫א*‪ k‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫א*‪~4k‬א ‪ '*4‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.239‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪40.526‬‬ ‫‪0.227‬‬ ‫‪0.476‬‬ ‫א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א]‬
‫‪295‬‬ ‫ ‪ ~ ?/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫א*‪~4k‬א ‪ '*4‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.173‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪32.709‬‬ ‫‪0.192‬‬ ‫‪0.438‬‬
‫אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪295‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫א*‪~4k‬א ‪ '*4‬‬
‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬ ‫‪0.344‬‬ ‫‪3.84‬‬ ‫*‪93.700‬‬ ‫‪0.242‬‬ ‫‪0.492‬‬
‫א_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫‪295‬‬
‫* &نא‪RU|2‬ذאد‪.(α ≤ 0.05)Z2?>e#nwT‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪U* (16‬א‪b?2‬א‪k -.  2?,‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫&‪_r‬א‪D‬ول )‪4‬‬ ‫‬

‫وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪de#27E=y*m>n.‬א‪ >.2‬א‪;e#na‬ود*‪U‬ذد‪T‬‬

‫‪b?2.>e#nw‬א‪k -.  2?,‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز‪w ،‬ذ ‪ #% ´.5‬א‪#/)T‬ط  ‪ b5 (0.476) R‬א‪b?2‬א‪  2?,‬وא?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א; ‪b.#%.‬‬

‫| ‪78‬‬
‫و)‪b5 (0.438‬א‪b?2‬א‪  2?,‬وאא‪>%$‬؛و)‪b5 (0.492‬א‪b?2‬א‪  2?,‬وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫‪b?2.‬א‪  2?,‬وא?‪c.‬‬ ‫)‪(0.227‬‬ ‫ ?‪ #% #* .(α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪´.5 $ R2 &2‬‬

‫‪ b?2.‬א‪  2?,‬وא‬ ‫א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬و )‪ b?2. (0.192‬א‪  2?,‬وאא‪ ،>%$‬و)‪(0.242‬‬

‫‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‪**،‬ن ‪k (0.227) 42 ><#‬א‪RP2‬א‪+E‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪ b.#%.‬و )‪k (0.041‬‬

‫‪ k‬א‪RP2‬א‪ + E‬א ‪ -.‬א‪#1a‬ز ‪ k d)#7‬א‪+ RP2‬‬ ‫א‪RP2‬א‪ + E‬אא‪ ،>%$‬و )‪(0.158‬‬

‫א‪b?2‬א‪ ><jP.5# ، 2?,‬دא‪k  β RU|2‬א?‪c.‬א‪5T‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬‬

‫‪-. (0.344) ،‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و


א&‪* %‬نא&‪#‬د‪5‬‬ ‫)‪(0.173) ،(0.239‬‬ ‫وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫وא‪+n‬א‪2T‬אم€‪#>%‬א‪b?2‬א‪Ž&  2?,‬د‪hw‬ز&‪#‬د‪k +‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛‬

‫‪-. (0.344) ،‬א‪2‬א;‪.‬و&Ž ‪


&%‬א‬ ‫)‪(0.173) ،(0.239‬‬ ‫وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-.‬א‪#1a‬ز‬

‫‪b?2.‬א‪ -.  2?,‬א?‪ c.‬א‪5a‬א; ‪b.#%.‬‬ ‫)‪(40.526‬‬ ‫א‪ F  >< U‬א?‪ 5‬א‪jP.5H‬‬

‫‪ b?2.‬א‪ -.  2?,‬א ‪-.‬‬ ‫و)‪ b?2. (32.709‬א‪ -.  2?,‬אא‪>%$‬؛ و )‪(93.700‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز و
;دא?‪ F  ><W7#,#5 (α ≤ 0.05) Z2‬א‪D‬و>א‪ .(3.84) P#/‬و
א‬

‫&Ž م‪/<N‬لא‪>r6‬א‪>6‬א?‪#‬د‪،‬و‪•$)4>.‬א‪>r6‬א‪&6‬و)‪ /‬א‪>r6‬‬

‫א‪.&/‬א‪:-.`)H‬‬

‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬


‫و‪ 5‬د"ذ‪-‬د‪~4k*  /?:‬א ‪ '*4‬دאא אدא)א‪| 4‬א‪Qb‬א] ‪~ ?/‬‬
‫؛وאא‪/I‬وא_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز(‪G7‬אدوאد‪#‬א?‪‰ *4‬د‪:‬‬
‫)‪(0.05‬‬

‫‬

‫‬

‫| ‪79‬‬




@ @÷ßb©a@Ý—€Ð€Ûa
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 $$$$$$$$?_ ‫א‬W(1 ‫ ـ‬5)
 5**,:‫א‬W(2 ‫ ـ‬5)
 
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80 |
$$$$$$$$?_ ‫א‬W(1 ‫ ـ‬5)
0i
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‫אد‬iw+‫ ول‬/,‫=א‬D‫&א‬#=7%& ‫ א‬6‫· س
אא‬

i$4i5`2i^#ii
‫و‬،iz7R?i6)‫و‬، i>.fki‫م‬i)#i-i.2?i,‫א‬E##22T‫א‬

 i*ki‫و‬،ً#5‫א‬iNmin#/‫א‬i2%&#i‫و‬E#>iN2‫|);א‬i)E##22T‫א‬Br+‫و‬.E##22T‫א‬

 .E#>N2‫وא‬E##22T‫א‬#
b)$k 6‫
אא‬S|2>،N#,‫
א‬-P2/,B#)T‫א‬

5**,:‫א‬W(2 ‫ ـ‬5)

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kiiii5#T‫وא‬ii‫אא‬. i  iin+j =ii*de#ii27iihwj.iiN)‫و‬،ii‫אא‬E‫א‬RP2ii

 :E##22T‫ز
א‬5*hw#Ma‫א‬#
mn#/‫ولא‬#‫و‬،#=)#>r$‫و‬#=)T›#?)

W>)E# M+>=,‫אوא?]א‬#>Y>/V)Z2?‫> *ن‬.2‫א‬de#27j>5 .10

 .#ً %6)‫ن‬# >7‫ &אد‬/‫אدو&א‬

& i/‫א‬i&‫אدو‬W>i)E# iM+i>‫אو‬6iN‫א‬,‫א‬F>iV^#>%Y>/V)Z2?‫و*ن‬ .11

.#ً %6)‫ن‬# >7‫אد‬

i&‫אدو‬W>i)E# M+>‫אو‬6N‫א‬,‫وא‬Y>/V2‫وא‬E#>. %‫א‬#>%Y>/V)Z2?‫و*ن‬ .12

.#ً %6)‫ن‬# >7‫ &אد‬/‫א‬

i&‫אدو‬W>i)E# M+>‫אو‬6N‫ א‬._>2‫`وא‬6‫א‬#>%Y>/V)Z2?‫و*ن‬ .13

.#ً %6)‫ن‬# >7‫ &אد‬/‫א‬

81 |
‫و*‪E=y‬א‪*de#2‬ن?‪#i>%Yi>/V)Z2‬א‪i%‬א‪a‬دא‪ .‬א‪6iN‬אو>‪E# iM+i‬‬ ‫‪.14‬‬

‫)>‪W‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪.#ً %6‬‬

‫و*ن?‪#>%Y>/V)Z2‬א‪b?2‬א‪ . 2?,‬א‪6iN‬אو>‪W>i)E# iM+i‬אدو&‪i‬‬ ‫‪.15‬‬

‫א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن‪.#ً V2‬‬

‫و*ن?‪*Z2‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;؛دא‪>%$‬א‪b.#%‬؛א‪-.‬א‪ #1a‬ز(‬ ‫‪.16‬‬

‫‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&א‪& /‬אد‪# >7‬ن)‪.#ً %6‬‬

‫ود*‪U‬ذد‪R&#i%Yi>/V2i&%T‬א‪,‬א‪6iN‬אو>‪*-i.OHSAS 18000i‬دא‪B‬‬ ‫‪.17‬‬

‫א‪,‬אدא‪W>)E# M+& /‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪Z2?& /‬د‪.(0.05)T‬‬

‫‪i#>)OHSAS‬‬ ‫ود*‪iU‬ذد‪R&#i%Yi>/V2i&%iT‬א‪,‬א‪6iN‬אو>‪18000i‬‬ ‫‪.18‬‬

‫אوא?]א‪>=,‬؛א‪F>V92‬؛א‪E#>. %‬وא‪Y>/V2‬؛א‪`i6‬وא‪_>i2‬؛א‪i%‬א‪a‬دא؛‬

‫א‪b?2‬א‪*-.( 2?,‬دא‪B‬א‪,‬אدא‪)& /‬א?‪c.‬א‪5a‬א;‪b.#%.‬؛وאא‪>%$‬؛وא‪-i.‬‬

‫א‪#1a‬ز(‪W>)E# M+‬אدو&אد‪>7‬א‪Z2?& /‬د‪.(0.05)T‬‬

‫)‪ 5‬ـ ‪W(3‬א*


‬

‫و‪E##22]#ً $‬א‪uHi‬א‪ki#i=>w iN2‬א‪#iKa‬א‪.iz‬א‪i‬و ‪p i‬א‪uHi‬‬

‫א\ل‪k#=>.‬وא<‪W‬א‪ >.2‬א‪u،E#7#>/.;e#na‬א~وج‪E#>N2#5‬א‪ :>)T‬‬

‫ א‪-.> #2‬א‪2‬אمא‪a‬دא€א‪R&#%%‬א‪i‬وא‪]?i‬א‪i>=,‬א‪i %,‬ل‪+#i=5‬א‪  i‬‬

‫و‪ 2#5#=>?f‬א‪.‬‬

‫| ‪82‬‬
‫ وش ‪in i‬لא^‪#i‬ذא‪i‬אא‪wb 2iE‬دאא‪ki  i‬א^‪#i‬ذא‪i‬אא‪E‬א‪i.%2,‬‬

‫‪R&#%b?25‬אوא?]א‪.>=,‬‬

‫ א‪-.> |2‬א‪# 2‬دא  ‪5‬א‪ >.2d‬א\אد‰وא‪K#9,‬א‪. 2‬א‪B‬א‪#1‬زא ‪#‬ل‪.‬‬

‫ א‪2‬אم‪w‬دאא  ‪-i.‬א‪b?i2‬א‪iK+ 2?i,‬قא‪ki i>.2. i %‬א\‪i‬אد‰وא‪K#i9,‬‬

‫א‪.. 2‬‬

‫ א‪2T‬אم‪&25‬א‪+b.#%‬א  ‪#‬ن?‪k#ً >#Z2‬אدא‪› /<kB‬و‪.0=e#‬‬

‫ א‪Z2?/#-. %‬א‪ >


|2‬א‪+b.#%.;6>y‬א  ‪W‬אא‪E#/‬א‪.0=5K,‬‬

‫ ]‪7B‬عא‪6>y‬א‪#=.P &H‬א‪.#%‬ن‪<W‬א)=‪0‬א א)>‬

‫ ‬

‫'
א‪ W`a‬‬
‫ ‪“i5‬א‪B‬א‪kii&,‬אא‪R&#i%Yi>/V25Yi.%2&#i >$E#i‬א‪,‬א‪6iN‬אو>‪OHSAS 18000i‬‬

‫و]<‪|5#=2‬دא‪B‬א‪.Z8*E##V<+ z,‬‬

‫| ‪83‬‬
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 ،‬ز‪،(2006) ،‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

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#K ،©#P‬א'دא‬

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‫وא‪2‬ز&‪# ،W‬ن‪:‬אدن‪.166:‬‬ ‫א‪،>7#v‬دאوא‪. e‬‬

‫‪#/‬س‪ –.>=،‬؛و‪"،(1999)،b?n;.،;.‬دאאאدא "‪# ،‬ن‪:‬دא‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫وא‪ . e‬وא‪2‬ز&‪# ،W‬ن‪:‬אدن‪.348:‬‬

‫‪ .6‬א‪%‬אو‪/01،‬א؛אد‪#/،‬س‪"،(2010)،b?n‬א‪,-.‬א‪$%+‬א‪ "#‬دא‬

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‫‪ 7‬א‪"،(1999) ،#n ،‬دא אאد א "‪#  ،‬ن‪ :‬دא א‪ #/V. %‬وא ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬

‫אدن‪.‬‬

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‫وא ‪،‬אدن‪.70:‬‬

‫| ‪85‬‬
5‫א‬G5‫א א‬Wً #"

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“Strategic Cases 3rd ed., Allyn and Bacon: 259.

89 |
@ @Õyý¾a@òàöbÓ
@ @
 ~';h‫€א‬Q'\@W:ً ‫ﺃو‬
 (#*,:‫)א‬,‫אא‬A‫دא‬Wً #"

90 |
‫? ‪ (1) k‬‬
‫@\'‪€Q‬א‪~';h‬‬
‫?;نא‪Lp'/‬א‪ /?M‬‬ ‫א*‪ o7U‬‬ ‫א@‪  1‬א _א‪]' /‬وא‪ 1,:‬‬

‫"!א قאوאא  ‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‪K‬د‪ K‬א  ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫"!א قאوאא  ‬ ‫&! ‬ ‫‪K‬د‪&'K‬א‪ #$%‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫"!א‪ +#,‬‬ ‫دא* ‬ ‫‪K‬د‪)K‬אوאن ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫دא*' ل  "!א قאوאא  ‬ ‫‪K‬د‪01K‬א‪  -./‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫دא*' ل  "!א قאوאא  ‬ ‫د‪&'4'K‬س ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫"!‪8 9‬د‪  7‬‬ ‫دא*' ل ‬ ‫وא‪06‬د)‪ 5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫| ‪91‬‬
 (2) k ?
,‫אא‬A‫دא‬

 ‫ א
א א‬
@ @@ @

 W’KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKALpj ‫א‬AL‫*ذ‬,‫א‬

OHSAS  ‫ א א
 אو‬3/?  " ‫אن‬%5 ‫א‬5 ‫م‬#>‫ א‬mn#/‫ א‬l=&

،"‫אو"! دאא אد א‬#‫ 


אدوאد‬18000

 .‫אא‬E‫א‬RP2b5&RU|2‫א‬E#<]%‫&א‬fhw‫אא‬l=)m>n

ً#>‫א‬0>w‫م‬2&mn#/‫“نא‬$،0. ‫ل‬#’+&‫ودא‬8k45‫ن‬%2 2)#,ً‫א‬z7‫و‬

‫ن‬w m>n .E#.% k p& # C$|5 5#a‫ א‬02) ‫ و*ن‬،$#  7#/2T‫ א‬.A* k 5#a‫א‬

 ‫  א‬#5‫و‬،>r‫<و‬57#/2T‫א‬E‫א‬$-.5#a#5SV.2‫א‬+ 0# 2


‫وא‬07‫و‬#%)

+# =%>& /‫>א‬7‫אدو&אد‬#NE# M +‫אא‬E‫א‬RP2 ‫ل‬#nW<‫@وא‬%&

 .‫Ÿאא‬#1

  _‫אزو‬.*‫א‬Gj ?‫*; ن!=<א“א‬,‫و‬1;\‫”א‬Q q#O 

`a‫א‬
 ‫('(' دאج‬
 

92 |
‫א‪o\7z‬א‪ns‬א‪I‬‬
‫ ‬
‫@ @‬ ‫@ @ @ @‬ ‫)‪ (1‬א‪@ @ '/‬‬
‫@ @‬ ‫?‪@ @ , 40–30O‬‬ ‫@ @‬ ‫@‪@ @,30O?p‬‬
‫@ @‬ ‫‪@ @ q€I, 51‬‬ ‫@ @‬ ‫?‪@ @,50–41O‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫)‪ (2‬א‪ yM‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪ q#‬‬ ‫‬ ‫ذ ‬
‫ ‬ ‫)‪ (3‬א ‪‰ *4‬א*‪ ]' /‬‬
‫‬ ‫د‪ Q‬مل ‬ ‫‬ ‫‪  ;Q‬س ‬
‫‬ ‫د* א< ‬ ‫‬ ‫?‪ 3*45‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫)‪ (4‬א*‪o7U‬א‪4a]' /‬א‪V‬د‪ A‬‬
‫‬ ‫ م
‪ #:‬‬ ‫‬ ‫ م‪%‬دא ‬
‫‬ ‫!‪ 5,‬د‪ A‬‬ ‫‬ ‫!‪ 
,‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫)‪ (5‬د‪ ,‬אא‪?z‬א „ א‪ 8‬‬
‫‬ ‫?‪ 6O‬ـ‪ ,10‬א ‬ ‫‬ ‫@‪ ,5O?p‬א ‬
‫‬ ‫‪ ,16O?q‬‬ ‫‬ ‫?‪ 11O‬ـ‪ ,15‬‬

‫)‪ (6‬د‪ ,‬אא‪G7?z‬אدوא‬


‫‬ ‫?‪ 6O‬ـ‪ ,10‬א ‬ ‫‬ ‫@‪ ,5O?p‬א ‬
‫‬ ‫‪ ,16O?q‬‬ ‫‬ ‫?‪ 11O‬ـ‪ ,15‬‬

‫ ‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬

‫ ‬

‫| ‪93‬‬
‫א‪.M‬א‪]#q‬‬
‫?‪3/‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫א ‪/‬אول‪,,W‬א‪k7‬وא‪?m4‬א ‪ V‬‬
‫ ‬

‫‪  K1‬دא א
א אمא م)('&א ‪$%‬وא "! אאد  ً‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪ K2‬مدא א
‪-('
 .‬א  ‪&'( *+,‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪: K3‬دא א
‪ .‬وא‪-‬א ‪&'()%%9‬א ‪$%‬وא "! אوא ‪6/'
( 7/8‬א‪&'/( /012.345/‬‬
‫א ‪$%‬وא "! א<א (‪;0‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪&'( K4‬א ‪$%‬وא "! אא(‪50‬ل‪<.‬א


 ‪?@5‬و ‪;  ;> .?+,‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫א ‪/‬א‪W]#q‬א*‪ BU‬‬
‫‬

‫‪; ( K5‬א


 ‪&'( J‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א‪I‬سא‪D EFG‬א‪,C‬א‪B‬א‪A‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪1I K6‬א‪7‬و‪-‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א<א


 ‪K  5‬א ( ‪3‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪L1 K7‬א אم ‪;+MD‬א


‪O.‬א ‪N‬دא א ‪$%‬وא "! אאد  ً‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪L1 K8‬א אم ‪;+MD‬א


‪-+,.‬א ?‪RG5G‬دא א ‪$%‬وא "! و?‪5‬م‪PQ,9 .‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫| ‪94‬‬
‫א ‪/‬א‪W`q‬א‪ '/‬وא*  ‬
‫‪U K9‬א
‪;>1‬وא‪ST‬و "و ‪X-‬د ‪V.*('0W‬دא א ‪$%‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪5? K10‬مא
‪
0.‬א‪Y'.‬א ( ‪3‬و‪&'():5‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪\] K11‬א
א (' ‪D‬א‪
FR‬א‪E‬א‪-! [<-‬א ‪5,‬א‪Z‬א(?‪$% .‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪U K12‬א
 ('&‪( .M‬א ‪*_@5‬وא ‪-G+‬א‪&'()^C‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫א ‪/‬אא‪WGQ‬א ‪ok‬وא*‪ †k7‬‬


‫‪5? K13‬مא‪R‬دא א (<א
‪?.‬س‪I‬دא‪N G
.E‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א<‪Ja‬א`‪"M‬م‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪0( K14‬א‪R‬دא ‪/( Y /I‬د <א‪5%/c‬ل‪/‬א(‪-/ 5‬א !ز ‪&'/()*/('/0W/ (WQ/,9 /‬א ‪$%/‬‬
‫وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪ K15‬مدא א
‪d$ .‬وא ‪RS$%‬دא ‪!A‬א(?‪O+.‬א ‪N‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪0( K16‬א‪R‬دא <א
א` ‪Y‬א‪? _%[R‬سو
א‪+M‬א‪5c‬אد‪e‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬

‫ ‬

‫| ‪95‬‬
‫א ‪/‬א‪?Wy?z‬א‪/5‬א‪b‬دא‪ A‬‬
‫‪5? K17‬مدא א
‪.‬א‪*?k‬א ‪5‬אزن‪
fi3.‬א (‪;0‬و> ‪6‬א ‪gh1D d9‬א‪
f9‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪5? K18‬مא‪R‬دא ‪
0.‬א‪$.‬א‪&'( 3"k345‬א ‪$%‬وא "! אو
א‪(F‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪5? K19‬مא‪R‬دא )
א‪&'( (F‬א ‪$%‬وא "! אא(‪50‬ل‪<.‬א
و‪
0."k‬א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪U K20‬دא א
א ? א‪l‬ذא ?
אא‪-‬א(?‪&'( 3"$.‬א ‪$%‬وא "! א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬

‫א ‪/‬א‪4‬دس‪W‬א*‪~4k‬א ‪ '*4‬‬
‫‪0( K21‬א
‪
.‬א ‪;? N‬א‪5c‬אد‪e‬وא‪
f9‬א‪
F0‬א‪E‬א‪n‬زא`‪0‬ل‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪  K22‬دא א
א ‪3"$‬א"‪
f<
0‬قא (‪D ;? ;0‬א‪5c‬אد‪e‬وא‪
f9‬א‪0‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪;0( K23‬دא א
‪
0.‬א<א‪5%c‬ل‪e[I‬و_;א ‪D 'M5‬א‪5c‬אد‪e‬وא‪
f9‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪K K24‬א
‪p+IW
( D >] 5,  FI‬א‪5c‬אد‪e‬و‪;+‬א ‪ 'M5‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‬

‫ ‬

‫| ‪96‬‬
‫א‪.M‬א‪`q‬‬
‫دאא אدא‬

‫א‪p?/‬אول‪W‬א‪| 4‬א‪Q:‬א] ‪ ~ ?/‬‬


‫‪
A' K25‬א ( ‪0ID : "' 3‬ل‪A p52.‬د‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪t K26‬ولא ( ‪3‬א‪(.‬د‪?D‬א‪;[<D'


rs‬א >!‪-‬א ‪B(8‬ض&א (‪;0‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪K K27‬א ( ‪3‬א ? ?'‪Y ` 'F>WI:‬א (‪;0‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪K K28‬א ( ‪3‬א ? ?'‪5[:‬ل‪-!> 0  'F‬א ‪58‬א‪<:F‬א (‪;0‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪
t K29‬صא ( ‪[3‬א‪&ue‬א‪Y I<-‬א (‪ BW3.;0‬و‪K
rI‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬

‫א‪p?/‬א‪W]#q‬אא‪ /I‬‬
‫‪xt K30‬א ( ‪5??t :_w
'?.3‬ن "‪K5‬ل ‪D‬א`دא‪E‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪ K31‬א ?‪-z5‬א(‪k'5‬א ( ‪\( 3‬א`دא‪E‬א`‪;yW‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪5:"' K32‬ز'‪J‬א (‪3.;0‬א ( ‪> <3‬ن‪( .\0‬א ‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬

‫| ‪97‬‬
‫‪
t K33‬صא ( ‪:'?3‬א?‪-[B‬א‪
'5,.^C‬א (‪!rD ;0‬لא ‪-G+‬א و'‪D‬א (‪;0‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪5?' K34‬مא"ول\< ‪S‬א ( ‪5{\0<\( 3‬א‪+ (A W‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬

‫א‪p?/‬א‪W`q‬א_‪ A‬א‪2b‬ز ‬
‫‪5?' K35‬مא ( ‪2.3‬د'א‪-0‬אد وא אم‪1 M.1h.‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬

‫‪K5" Y' K36‬א ‪;12‬א ‪> <3 ( |45‬ن‪J \0‬א ‪5‬א‪-+F‬א‪:.f‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪E! K37‬م‪5G‬عא ‪45‬א ‪u '8‬א ( ‪MJ \( 3‬א‪:‬א ‪h‬א‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪
W5 K38‬א ‪5^
W\( 3 ( 45‬א‪*W‬و"‪MJ :A‬א‪:‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪: K39‬א "א ( <א
~‪5%‬صא ( ‪M0.3‬א‪:‬‬

‫‪:‬وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪:‬وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫( ‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪  I‬‬ ‫‬ ‫وא‪ AQ I‬‬ ‫‬

‫| ‪98‬‬

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